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1. Question
50 sentences to practice “essere or avere”
LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE
Ieri al ristorante…
Select the wrong sentences.
Please have a look at this overview about reflexive verbs if you don’t know what a verbo riflessivo is.
Today I’ll go deeper into details with a very common structure: reflexive and modal verbs together.
For example:
This is the simplest form of a reflexive sentence. We have a reflexive pronoun (mi) and a simple presente tense.
If we add the verb DOVERE we obtain…
They both mean that Tomorrow I have to get (myself) up early. The modal verb dovere (must, have to) in combination with a reflexive verb (svegliarsi, to wake up) can have two possible combinations with a simple tense, in this case a simple present. The pronoun can be put before dovere ( mi devo…) or attached to the infinitive (svegliarmi).
This is valid for all simple tenses. Let’s take the same sentence and change it with other simple tenses.
Normally compound tenses of reflexive verbs have essere as auxiliary verb. For example, the passato prossimo:
When we add a modal verb (dovere, potere, volere, sapere) everything changes, and it is possible to use avere. For example:
Again, the reflexive pronoun, in this case mi, can move before dovere or attached to the infinitive. In the second case, we need to use avere. If we decide to use the first option, we need to remember that the past participle needs to agree in number and gender with the subject (maschile, femminile, singolare, plurale). For example:
Let’s see how the example works with other compound tenses.
Compound tenses are obviously more difficult to put together and remember, but with some practice I’m sure you can handle it. Please have a look at the quiz and listen to the audio examples.
(Voi dovere svegliarsi – presente) —-> Vi dovete svegliare / Dovete svegliarvi
Umberto Boccioni – Ritratto fotografico – Milano, Museo del Novecento
The following is a very basic introduction to reflexive verbs. If your level is intermediate, please have a look at this post.
A verbo riflessivo always comes with a reflexive pronoun, a small particle directly linked to the subject of the sentence.
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Ogni mattina (noi svegliarsi) ci svegliamo alle 10
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Tiziano Vecellio – Ritratto di Gerolamo Barbarigo – 1510 – London, National Gallery