🔍 In short. Italian has a tidy family of italian sharing-out patterns for sharing things out and arranging people group by group: a due a due (two by two), tre per ciascuno (three each), a uno a uno (one by one), uno alla volta (one at a time), ad uno per uno (one for each), ciascuno at the end of a clause, ogni in front of a noun, a turno (taking turns) and the alternation un X sì un X no (every other X). This B1 guide shows when to reach for each one, why the doubled preposition matters, and how to stop saying ognuno cinque euro when Italians say cinque euro ciascuno.
These phrases live everywhere in real life: at the school gate, at the bakery counter, during a family card game, in a shared taxi bill. By the end of this guide you will pick the right phrase without thinking, and your Italian will sound less like a translation and more like a conversation. Most B1 learners already recognise three or four of these phrases by ear; the goal here is to turn passive recognition into active production at conversational speed.
Cosa impareremo oggi
👆🏻 Jump to section
- The sharing-out family at a glance
- A due a due, a uno a uno: the doubled-preposition pattern
- Tre per ciascuno: per + share-out word
- Ciascuno at the end, ogni at the front
- Uno alla volta and a uno per uno
- A turno: taking turns
- Un giorno sì un giorno no: every other
- Cheat sheet
- Dialog: organising the field trip in Lecce
- Mini-challenge
- Frequently asked questions
- Related guides
The sharing-out family at a glance
Walk past a primary school in Lecce just after the bell rings and you will hear half of them inside thirty seconds. The teacher lines the children up a due a due, the parents on the pavement count out snacks tre per ciascuno, and somebody jokes that oggi tocca a me, domani a te, facciamo a turno. These expressions are the everyday glue for arranging people, counting out portions and dividing chores fairly.
Think of them as four small toolkits. The first is the doubled-preposition pattern a + number + a + number: a due a due, a tre a tre, a uno a uno. The second is the per-pattern that ties a quantity to a recipient: tre per ciascuno, due per ognuno, una caramella a testa. The third is the end-clause share-out words ciascuno and ognuno, the words that sit at the back of the sentence and quietly mean “each”: costano cinque euro ciascuno. The fourth is the turn-taking and alternation patterns: a turno, uno alla volta, un giorno sì un giorno no. Once you can recognise which toolkit a sentence belongs to, they stop feeling like a list to memorise.
- I bambini escono dalla classe a due a due.
The children leave the classroom two by two. - Abbiamo comprato due panini per ciascuno.
We bought two rolls for each of us. - Le confezioni costano cinque euro ciascuna.
The packs cost five euros each. - Faremo i compiti a turno, così non si stanca sempre la stessa persona.
We’ll do the chores in turns, so the same person doesn’t always tire out. - Veniamo al corso un mercoledì sì e uno no.
We come to the course every other Wednesday.
A due a due, a uno a uno: the doubled-preposition pattern
This is the most visual of them and the one B1 students master first. You put the preposition a in front of a number, then repeat the whole block: a due a due, a tre a tre, a uno a uno, a cinque a cinque. The image is concrete: pairs walking, groups of three forming, items going past one at a time. The same shape works with non-number words that carry a similar “step” meaning, and you will recognise it in the very common a mano a mano (little by little, as we go) and a poco a poco (gradually).
- I turisti entrano nel duomo a due a due.
The tourists go into the cathedral two by two. - I libri sono arrivati a tre a tre, mezza scatola alla volta.
The books arrived three at a time, half a box at a time. - Federica leggeva i nomi a uno a uno, lentamente.
Federica read out the names one by one, slowly. - A poco a poco i clienti hanno cominciato a tornare in libreria.
Little by little the customers started coming back to the bookshop. - A mano a mano che scendevamo, l’aria diventava più fresca.
As we went down, the air got cooler. - Il sarto pinzava le pieghe a una a una.
The tailor pinned the pleats one by one.
Two small notes save you embarrassment here. First, the doubled form with two as is the one Italians prefer in writing and careful speech: a due a due, not due a due. You will hear the shorter version, especially in fast colloquial speech, but the doubled form is the one a teacher will mark as correct on a B1 paper. Second, when the phrase stops being an adverb and starts being a noun, the first a drops out: the boxing match is il corpo a corpo, not “il a corpo a corpo”; tonight’s televised debate is il faccia a faccia tra i due candidati, not “il a faccia a faccia”. Adverb keeps both as; noun drops the first.
🔍 Two a’s, then a noun, drop one. The adverb form keeps both prepositions: camminano a due a due. As soon as the phrase becomes a thing in the sentence, the first a goes: il duello fu un corpo a corpo, il faccia a faccia in tv. Of all these forms, this one rewards the small rewrite trick more than any grammar table.
Tre per ciascuno: per + share-out word
The second family ties a quantity to a recipient. The base pattern is numero + per + ciascuno / ognuno / persona / testa. It is the phrase you reach for when you are dividing biscuits among children, splitting a restaurant bill, handing out worksheets in class, or working out the share of fuel cost on a trip. The Italian preposition per here means “for”, and the closing word names the recipient.
- Ho ordinato due pizze per ciascuno: una rossa e una bianca.
I ordered two pizzas each: one red, one white. - La gita è venuta venti euro per ognuno, autobus compreso.
The trip came to twenty euros each, bus included. - Sulla tavola della merenda c’erano tre biscotti per bambino.
On the snack table there were three biscuits per child. - Abbiamo speso quindici euro a testa al ristorante in centro.
We spent fifteen euros a head at the restaurant in the centre. - Distribuisci due fogli per persona, mi raccomando.
Hand out two sheets per person, please remember.
A small tone tip here: a testa is the most relaxed of the four (you would not write it on a school report but it is everywhere in conversation); per ciascuno and per ognuno are the neutral default that works in writing and speech; per persona is the formal one you see on menus and in travel brochures. The four are interchangeable in meaning, so picking among them is a question of tone, not grammar.
There is one more form worth recognising: cadauno. You will see it stamped on price tags in wholesale shops and on invoices: al prezzo di dieci euro cadauno (“at the price of ten euros each”). It is commercial Italian, not conversational; do not use it at dinner with friends but recognise it on receipts and stock lists. It is the one you read more often than you say.
Ciascuno at the end, ogni at the front
Here lies the trap that catches more English speakers than any other in this whole family. English has one word “each” that does two jobs: it can go in front of a noun (“each child”) and at the end of a clause (“five euros each”). Italian splits the work between two different words. Ogni sits in front of the noun; ciascuno (and its near-synonym ognuno) sits at the end.
- Ogni bambino riceve un quaderno nuovo a settembre.
Each child gets a new notebook in September. - I quaderni costano due euro ciascuno.
The notebooks cost two euros each. - Ogni partecipante deve portare un documento.
Each participant must bring an ID. - I partecipanti hanno portato un dolce ciascuno alla festa.
The participants each brought a dessert to the party. - Camilla ha dato un bacio a ognuna delle nonne.
Camilla gave each of the grandmas a kiss.
Why do these forms split this work into two words? Because they answer different questions. Ogni opens a sentence: it picks out the type (“each child of any kind”) and is followed immediately by the noun. Ciascuno closes a sentence: it counts back through the group already named (“each of those notebooks I just mentioned”). The English ear hears one job, but Italian splits it into two slots and refuses to mix them: ogni costano due euro is not Italian, and neither is i quaderni ciascuno bambino. Of all these forms, this split between front-of-noun and end-of-clause is the one to drill first.
What about ciascuno versus ognuno here? In the end position they are almost interchangeable: costano due euro ciascuno and costano due euro ognuno both work. Italians lean slightly toward ciascuno when the focus is on the individual unit being separated out from a counted set, and toward ognuno when the focus is on “every single one without exception”. The Treccani dictionary calls them both pronomi distributivi and notes that they are usually placed at the end of the sentence, sometimes preceded by per. Either choice is safe at B1; the bigger error is mixing them with ogni, the front-of-noun word.
🎯 Mini-task #1. Pick ogni, ciascuno, or ognuno.
- ___ studente deve firmare il registro all’ingresso.
- I biglietti costano dodici euro ___.
- ___ volta che vado a Lecce, passo dalla cartoleria di mio zio.
- Le confezioni di biscotti sono in offerta a due euro ___.
- Camilla ha portato un mazzo di fiori a ___ delle zie.
- ___ mattina alle sette Federico esce per andare al lavoro.
👉 Show answers
1. Ogni studente (front of noun) · 2. dodici euro ciascuno (end of clause) · 3. Ogni volta (front of noun) · 4. due euro ciascuna (end, fem. agreement with confezioni) · 5. a ognuna / a ciascuna delle zie · 6. Ogni mattina (front of noun)
Uno alla volta and a uno per uno
Two further forms handle the “one at a time” idea: uno alla volta and a uno per uno (also written ad uno per uno before a vowel pair for euphony, and shortened to a uno a uno in the doubled-preposition shape we already met). All three are common and B1 students often confuse them; here is how Italians sort them out.
Uno alla volta (“one at a time”) is the queue word of this family. It is what the cashier shouts at the till when too many customers crowd the counter, and what a teacher says when six children try to answer at once. It focuses on the procedure: the people or items are handled one after the other, in a single ordered series.
- Un attimo, parlate uno alla volta, non capisco niente.
One moment, speak one at a time, I can’t understand anything. - I bambini entrano in palestra uno alla volta, in fila per uno.
The children enter the gym one at a time, in single file. - Niccolò assaggia i biscotti uno alla volta, senza fretta.
Niccolò tastes the biscuits one at a time, with no rush.
A uno a uno (“one by one”) belongs to the doubled-preposition family and feels more like a slow, deliberate inspection. It is the phrase you choose when each item gets attention before the next one arrives: counting names off a list, going through photographs in an album, calling pupils for an oral exam.
- Margherita controllava le buste a una a una prima di spedirle.
Margherita checked the envelopes one by one before posting them. - Il professore interrogava gli studenti a uno a uno.
The teacher quizzed the students one by one. - A uno a uno, i ricordi sono tornati a galla.
One by one, the memories came back.
Finally ad uno per uno (“one for each one”) is the share-out version of these forms: it pairs each item with a recipient. You will hear it less than the other two but recognise it in instructions, recipes and counting frames where each unit gets a destination.
- Distribuisci i quaderni ad uno per uno, senza saltare nessun banco.
Hand the notebooks out one for each, without skipping any desk. - I premi sono stati consegnati ad uno per uno ai vincitori.
The prizes were handed out one for each to the winners.
Quick test for these three forms: if you can replace the phrase with “one after the other in turn”, use uno alla volta; if you can replace it with “looking at each one separately”, use a uno a uno; if you can replace it with “matching one to each recipient”, reach for ad uno per uno. Across all three, agreement is normal: feminine items take una alla volta, a una a una, ad una per una.
A turno: taking turns
These forms also include a dedicated phrase for shared duty: a turno and the verb fare a turno. They translate the English idea of “taking turns” and are everywhere in family life, classrooms and offices. This is one of the forms built into everyday Italian habits: a family rotating cooking duties, a group of friends rotating designated driver, kids rotating who sits in the front of the car.
- A casa nostra cuciniamo a turno: un giorno io, un giorno mio marito.
At our place we cook in turns: one day me, one day my husband. - Facciamo a turno alla guida così nessuno si stanca troppo.
We take turns driving so nobody gets too tired. - I bambini rispondono a turno, non tutti insieme.
The children answer in turn, not all together. - Tocca a Federico: oggi è il suo turno di portare il caffè.
It’s Federico’s turn: today it’s his turn to bring the coffee.
Notice the related expression that orbits these forms: tocca a X (“it is X’s turn”). It is not strictly one of them but it always pops up in the same conversations: tocca a te (“it’s your turn”), tocca a noi (“it’s our turn”), a chi tocca? (“whose turn is it?”). And il turno as a noun is the word for “shift” at work and for “round” in a game.
Un giorno sì un giorno no: every other
The last form in this guide handles alternation: “every other day, every other Wednesday, every other row”. Italian builds it by repeating the noun with sì (“yes”) and no (“no”) sandwiched in: un giorno sì un giorno no, or with the optional conjunction e: un giorno sì e uno no, un mese sì e uno no. The image these forms paint is simple: a yes-day, then a no-day, then a yes-day again.
- In palestra ci vado un giorno sì e uno no.
I go to the gym every other day. - Una riga sì e una no, riscrivete tutto in stampatello.
Every other row, rewrite everything in block capitals. - Veniamo al corso un sabato sì e uno no.
We come to the course every other Saturday. - I miei nonni invitavano i nipoti una domenica sì e una no.
My grandparents invited the grandchildren every other Sunday.
Two notes save you trouble here. First, both the noun and the article keep agreement: un giorno sì un giorno no for masculine days, una settimana sì una settimana no for feminine weeks, with un shortening to uno when it stands alone (una settimana sì e una no). Second, do not confuse this pattern with the ironic un giorno sì e l’altro pure (“one day yes and the other too”), which means “every single day, without exception”, a humorous reversal of the alternation idea. The base pattern means “alternating”; adding pure instead of no means “the lot”.
🎯 Mini-task #2. Translate using one of these forms.
- The tourists left the museum two by two.
- We paid eighteen euros each for the boat trip.
- Niccolò answered the questions one by one.
- I go to my Italian class every other Thursday.
- The cousins take turns watering the plants.
- Each pupil must bring a packed lunch.
👉 Show answers
1. I turisti sono usciti dal museo a due a due. · 2. Abbiamo pagato diciotto euro ciascuno (or: a testa / per ognuno) per la gita in barca. · 3. Niccolò ha risposto alle domande a una a una. · 4. Vado al corso d’italiano un giovedì sì e uno no. · 5. I cugini annaffiano le piante a turno. · 6. Ogni alunno deve portare il pranzo al sacco.
Cheat sheet
One summary table to keep open beside the conversation. Each row pairs a sharing-out situation with the Italian phrase that fits it.
| Situation | Italian pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| People walking in groups | a due a due, a tre a tre | Camminano a due a due. |
| Looking at items closely, one by one | a uno a uno (m), a una a una (f) | Controlla le buste a una a una. |
| Gradual change | a poco a poco, a mano a mano | A poco a poco è migliorata. |
| One after the other in a queue | uno alla volta | Parlate uno alla volta. |
| Matching one to each recipient | ad uno per uno | I premi sono stati consegnati ad uno per uno. |
| Price or quantity per person | per ciascuno / per ognuno / a testa / per persona | Costa venti euro per ciascuno. |
| End-of-clause “each” | ciascuno / ognuno | Costano due euro ciascuno. |
| Front-of-noun “each / every” | ogni | Ogni bambino riceve un quaderno. |
| Commercial “each” on price tags | cadauno | Dieci euro cadauno. |
| Taking turns | a turno, fare a turno, tocca a X | Cuciniamo a turno. |
| Every other X | un X sì un X no, un X sì e uno no | Un giorno sì e uno no. |
| Noun form, drop the first “a” | il corpo a corpo, il faccia a faccia | Il faccia a faccia in diretta tv. |
Dialog: organising the field trip in Lecce
Camilla and Federico are two parent representatives at a primary school in Lecce, and their planning chat puts these forms to work back to back. They are sorting out logistics for next week’s class trip to the Roman amphitheatre. Notice how naturally each italian sharing-out pattern surfaces in everyday planning.
👩🏼🦰 Camilla: Allora, per la gita in anfiteatro siamo ventidue bambini. Come li facciamo entrare?
So, for the trip to the amphitheatre there are twenty-two children. How do we get them in?
👨🏽🦱 Federico: La guida ha detto di farli entrare a due a due, così non si perde nessuno fra le rovine.
The guide said to let them in two by two, so we don’t lose anyone among the ruins.
👩🏼🦰 Camilla: Va bene. E per la merenda? Pensavo a due tramezzini per ciascuno e una bottiglietta d’acqua a testa.
All right. And for the snack? I was thinking two sandwiches each and a small water bottle a head.
👨🏽🦱 Federico: Perfetto. Ogni bambino mette i tramezzini nello zaino, così non li dimentichiamo sul pullman.
Perfect. Each child puts the sandwiches in the backpack, that way we don’t forget them on the bus.
👩🏼🦰 Camilla: Per il pullman: la mamma di Tommaso ha chiesto se possiamo fare i sedili a turno, perché suo figlio soffre se sta sempre dietro.
About the bus: Tommaso’s mum asked if we can rotate the seats, because her son gets sick if he’s always at the back.
👨🏽🦱 Federico: Certo. All’andata davanti i primi sei, al ritorno i secondi sei. Facciamo a turno senza problemi.
Sure. On the way there the first six in the front, on the way back the second six. We take turns, no problem.
👩🏼🦰 Camilla: Senti, la quota di ingresso quanto viene per ognuno?
Listen, how much does the entrance fee come to for each?
👨🏽🦱 Federico: Cinque euro ciascuno per i bambini, otto per gli adulti. Le insegnanti entrano gratis.
Five euros each for the kids, eight for adults. The teachers go in free.
👩🏼🦰 Camilla: Bene. E per la visita guidata? Ho letto che i gruppi entrano uno alla volta nelle gallerie strette.
Good. And for the guided tour? I read that the groups go into the narrow galleries one at a time.
👨🏽🦱 Federico: Sì, ce lo ha confermato la guida. Dovremo controllare i bambini a uno a uno all’ingresso della galleria.
Yes, the guide confirmed it. We’ll have to check the children one by one at the gallery entrance.
👩🏼🦰 Camilla: Ultima cosa: i moduli del consenso. Li raccolgo io o li raccogli tu?
One last thing: the consent forms. Do I collect them or do you?
👨🏽🦱 Federico: Facciamo a turno: questa volta li raccolgo io, alla prossima gita tocca a te. Va bene così?
Let’s take turns: this time I’ll collect them, next trip it’s your turn. Sounds good?
👩🏼🦰 Camilla: D’accordo. Ci vediamo qui un lunedì sì e uno no, così aggiorniamo i preparativi senza fretta.
Agreed. We’ll see each other here every other Monday, so we can update the plans calmly.
Count the forms at work: a due a due, per ciascuno, a testa, ogni, a turno, per ognuno, ciascuno, uno alla volta, a uno a uno, tocca a te, un lunedì sì e uno no. A twelve-line school-trip chat exercises almost the whole family. These forms are not a list you memorise: they are reflexes you build, and a planning conversation like this is the fastest way to build them.
🎯 Mini-challenge. Plan a small group activity (a dinner, a road trip, a study session) in five Italian sentences using at least four of these forms from this guide: one from the a + X + a + X family, one with per ciascuno or a testa, one with ogni, one with a turno or un X sì un X no. Read it out loud once and check which forms came naturally and which still need drilling.
Test your understanding
Take the quiz below to test what you’ve learned about italian sharing-out patterns and how to share things out group by group. The quiz drills all four toolkits: doubled-preposition, per-recipient, end-clause ciascuno, and turn-taking.
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Frequently asked questions
Six questions on these forms come up again and again in B1 classes, and the answers below sort them by use rather than by grammar label. The answers below draw on real classroom usage and on the Treccani entry on pronomi distributivi.
What’s the difference between ‘a due a due’ and ‘due a due’?
Both exist but Italians prefer the doubled-preposition form ‘a due a due’. The Treccani note on these adverbial phrases is clear: ‘a mano a mano’ is preferred to ‘mano a mano’, ‘a poco a poco’ to ‘poco a poco’, and ‘a due a due’ to ‘due a due’. The short form turns up in fast colloquial speech and you will understand it, but at B1 and above stick to the doubled-preposition shape in writing. The exception is when the phrase becomes a noun: then the first ‘a’ drops out. So ‘camminano a due a due’ (adverb), but ‘il duello fu un corpo a corpo’ (noun), ‘un faccia a faccia in tv’ (noun).
Is ‘ciascuno’ the same as ‘ognuno’?
Almost. Both are pronouns that sit at the end of the clause and mean ‘each one’. ‘Costano due euro ciascuno’ and ‘costano due euro ognuno’ are both correct and a native ear barely registers the choice. The small difference: ‘ciascuno’ leans toward the individual being separated out from a counted set (‘each of those specific notebooks’), while ‘ognuno’ leans toward ‘every single one with no exception’ (‘every one without missing any’). At B1 you can pick either. The bigger error is mixing them with ‘ogni’, which is the front-of-noun word and never sits at the end of a clause.
Why do Italians say ‘cinque euro ciascuno’ but not ‘cinque euro ogni’?
Because ‘ogni’ is a front-of-noun word, not an end-of-clause pronoun. Italian splits the English ‘each’ into two slots. ‘Ogni’ goes immediately before the noun: ‘ogni studente, ogni libro, ogni volta’. ‘Ciascuno’ or ‘ognuno’ goes at the end of the clause when you have already named the items: ‘costano cinque euro ciascuno’, ‘ne ho preso uno per ognuno’. Mixing them up produces ungrammatical Italian. The rule of thumb: if you would put ‘each’ in front of a noun in English, use ‘ogni’; if you would put ‘each’ at the end of a clause, use ‘ciascuno’ or ‘ognuno’.
How do I say ‘every other day’ in Italian?
Use the alternation pattern ‘un giorno sì un giorno no’ or, with the optional ‘e’ joining the two halves, ‘un giorno sì e uno no’. Both are equally common. The image is simple: a yes-day, then a no-day, then a yes-day. The pattern works with any time unit: ‘una settimana sì e una no’ (every other week), ‘un sabato sì e uno no’ (every other Saturday), ‘un mese sì e uno no’ (every other month). Article and noun keep gender and number agreement. Do not confuse this with the ironic ‘un giorno sì e l’altro pure’, which reverses the meaning and means ‘every single day, without exception’.
When do I use ‘per’ with these phrases, ‘uno per uno’ or ‘uno a uno’?
They are not interchangeable. ‘A uno a uno’ (with the doubled ‘a’) means ‘one by one’ in the sense of inspecting or handling each item carefully and separately: ‘il professore interrogava gli studenti a uno a uno’. ‘Ad uno per uno’ (with ‘per’) means ‘one for each one’ in the sense of matching items to recipients: ‘distribuisci i quaderni ad uno per uno’. A third option, ‘uno alla volta’, means ‘one at a time’ in the sense of a queue: ‘parlate uno alla volta’. Picking among them is about meaning, not grammar: deliberate inspection (a uno a uno), recipient matching (ad uno per uno), queue order (uno alla volta).
What does ‘fare a turno’ mean exactly?
It means ‘to take turns’. The phrase ‘a turno’ is an adverb that signals rotation of a duty among several people: ‘cuciniamo a turno’, ‘rispondono a turno’, ‘guidano a turno’. The verb ‘fare a turno + a + infinitive’ is the most common longer form: ‘facciamo a turno a portare il caffè’ (‘we take turns bringing the coffee’). Closely linked phrases are ‘tocca a X’ (‘it’s X’s turn’: tocca a te, tocca a noi, a chi tocca?) and the noun ‘turno’ for work shifts (‘il turno di notte’, the night shift) and game rounds (‘è il tuo turno’, it’s your turn). The whole cluster is one of the most useful in daily life.
What’s the difference between ‘a due a due’ and ‘due a due’?
Is ‘ciascuno’ the same as ‘ognuno’?
Why do Italians say ‘cinque euro ciascuno’ but not ‘cinque euro ogni’?
How do I say ‘every other day’ in Italian?
When do I use ‘per’ with these phrases, ‘uno per uno’ or ‘uno a uno’?
What does ‘fare a turno’ mean exactly?
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Related guides
Three guides that pair with the topics covered here, plus an institutional reference on the pronomi distributivi.
- Italian A Due A Due, Tre Per Ciascuno: ‘Each’ Numbers (B1): the share-out numbers seen through the number-and-recipient lens, with a pasticceria dialogue in Catanzaro.
- Italian Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns (B1): the wider family of ogni, ognuno, ciascuno, qualche, alcuni and their grammatical jobs.
- Italian Quattro Chiacchiere, Mille Grazie: Vague Numbers: when small numbers stop counting and start meaning ‘a few’ or ‘lots’.
- Treccani: Distributivi, pronomi: institutional note on ciascuno, ognuno and the end-of-clause share-out function.
