🔍 In short. The italian gerundio is an indefinite mood with only two tenses: a present in -ando or -endo (parlando, leggendo, dormendo) and a past with essendo / avendo + participio passato (avendo letto, essendo arrivato). This guide covers the italian gerundio as a non-progressive form: gerundio used as an adverb of cause, manner, … Continue reading Italian Gerundio: Adverb, Causal, Modal, Pur + Gerundio (B1)