{"id":225,"date":"2026-06-11T04:01:37","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T04:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/?p=225"},"modified":"2026-06-11T19:56:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T19:56:50","slug":"plus-que-parfait-italien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/plus-que-parfait-italien\/","title":{"rendered":"Le plus-que-parfait italien (trapassato prossimo)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>En bref.<\/strong> Le <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong> (<em>trapassato prossimo<\/em>) se forme exactement comme le v\u00f4tre : imperfait de l&#8217;auxiliaire + participe pass\u00e9. <em>Avevo studiato<\/em> = j&#8217;avais \u00e9tudi\u00e9 ; <em>ero partita<\/em> = j&#8217;\u00e9tais partie. Si vous ma\u00eetrisez d\u00e9j\u00e0 le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien, vous tenez 90\u00a0% du plus-que-parfait. Ce guide vous montre les 10\u00a0% qui restent : choix de l&#8217;auxiliaire, accord du participe et l&#8217;usage du <strong>plus-que-parfait en italien<\/strong> pour exprimer l&#8217;ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9 dans le pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-ppq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#f4f5f6;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px 11px 11px 11px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;padding:20px 24px\">\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\" id=\"toc\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:13px\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Aller \u00e0 la section<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ab2227;border-color:#ab2227\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#formation\">Formation : imperfait de l&#8217;auxiliaire + participe pass\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#auxiliaires\">Avere ou essere ? La m\u00eame r\u00e8gle qu&#8217;au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#accord\">L&#8217;accord du participe pass\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#emplois\">Emplois : exprimer l&#8217;ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9 dans le pass\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#marqueurs\">Les marqueurs temporels du plus-que-parfait<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exercice1\">Mini-exercice 1 : former le plus-que-parfait<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#vs-passe-compose\">Plus-que-parfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#venir-de\">\u00abVenir de\u00bb en italien : attention au pi\u00e8ge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#trapassato-remoto\">Le trapassato remoto : une variante litt\u00e9raire<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet : tableau r\u00e9capitulatif<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exercice2\">Mini-exercice 2 : choisir le bon temps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue : \u00e0 la pasticceria de V\u00e9rone<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exercice3\">Mini-exercice 3 : corriger les erreurs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Teste ta compr\u00e9hension<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ab2227;border-color:#ab2227\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"formation\">Formation : imperfait de l&#8217;auxiliaire + participe pass\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong> se construit sur le m\u00eame mod\u00e8le que le v\u00f4tre. Vous combinez l&#8217;imperfait de l&#8217;auxiliaire (<em>avere<\/em> ou <em>essere<\/em>) avec le participe pass\u00e9 du verbe \u00e0 conjuguer. Rien de nouveau dans la logique : seul l&#8217;auxiliaire change parfois par rapport au fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici le paradigme complet avec trois verbes repr\u00e9sentatifs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Personne<\/th><th>avere + cantare (chanter)<\/th><th>essere + andare (aller)<\/th><th>essere + alzarsi (se lever)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>io<\/td><td>avevo cantato<\/td><td>ero andato\/a<\/td><td>mi ero alzato\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tu<\/td><td>avevi cantato<\/td><td>eri andato\/a<\/td><td>ti eri alzato\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>aveva cantato<\/td><td>era andato\/a<\/td><td>si era alzato\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>noi<\/td><td>avevamo cantato<\/td><td>eravamo andati\/e<\/td><td>ci eravamo alzati\/e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>voi<\/td><td>avevate cantato<\/td><td>eravate andati\/e<\/td><td>vi eravate alzati\/e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>loro<\/td><td>avevano cantato<\/td><td>erano andati\/e<\/td><td>si erano alzati\/e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les formes de l&#8217;imperfait des deux auxiliaires :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Personne<\/th><th>avere (avoir)<\/th><th>essere (\u00eatre)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>io<\/td><td>avevo<\/td><td>ero<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tu<\/td><td>avevi<\/td><td>eri<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>aveva<\/td><td>era<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>noi<\/td><td>avevamo<\/td><td>eravamo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>voi<\/td><td>avevate<\/td><td>eravate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>loro<\/td><td>avevano<\/td><td>erano<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le participe pass\u00e9 suit les r\u00e8gles habituelles : verbes en <em>-are<\/em> donnent <strong>-ato<\/strong> (<em>mangiato, lavorato, studiato<\/em>) ; verbes en <em>-ere<\/em> donnent <strong>-uto<\/strong> (<em>ricevuto, venduto, voluto<\/em>) ou une forme irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re (<em>scritto, letto, fatto<\/em>) ; verbes en <em>-ire<\/em> donnent <strong>-ito<\/strong> (<em>dormito, finito, sentito<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"auxiliaires\">Avere ou essere ? La m\u00eame r\u00e8gle qu&#8217;au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bonne nouvelle : le choix de l&#8217;auxiliaire au <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong> ob\u00e9it exactement \u00e0 la m\u00eame r\u00e8gle qu&#8217;au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9. Si un verbe prend <em>essere<\/em> au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9, il le prend aussi au plus-que-parfait. Pas de r\u00e8gle suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 m\u00e9moriser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Avec <em>avere<\/em><\/strong> : tous les verbes transitifs (ceux qui ont un compl\u00e9ment d&#8217;objet direct).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Giulia aveva preparato una torta per il corso di cucina.<\/em><br><em>Giulia avait pr\u00e9par\u00e9 un g\u00e2teau pour le cours de cuisine.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Lorenzo aveva letto tre capitoli prima di cena.<\/em><br><em>Lorenzo avait lu trois chapitres avant le d\u00eener.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Avevamo comprato i semi al vivaio la settimana prima.<\/em><br><em>Nous avions achet\u00e9 les graines \u00e0 la jardinerie la semaine d&#8217;avant.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Avec <em>essere<\/em><\/strong> : les verbes intransitifs qui expriment un d\u00e9placement, un changement d&#8217;\u00e9tat ou une fa\u00e7on d&#8217;\u00eatre. Ce sont les m\u00eames verbes qu&#8217;au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 : <em>andare, venire, arrivare, partire, uscire, entrare, nascere, crescere, diventare, rimanere, sembrare, piacere, riuscire<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Martina era arrivata in biblioteca prima dell&#8217;apertura.<\/em><br><em>Martina \u00e9tait arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que avant l&#8217;ouverture.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I bambini erano gi\u00e0 usciti nel giardino quando \u00e8 cominciata la pioggia.<\/em><br><em>Les enfants \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 sortis dans le jardin quand la pluie a commenc\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Paolo era cresciuto a Padova, ma si era trasferito a Bologna per gli studi.<\/em><br><em>Paolo avait grandi \u00e0 Padoue, mais il \u00e9tait all\u00e9 s&#8217;installer \u00e0 Bologne pour ses \u00e9tudes.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les verbes r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis prennent toujours <em>essere<\/em> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Federica si era alzata presto per annaffiare le piante sul balcone.<\/em><br><em>Federica s&#8217;\u00e9tait lev\u00e9e t\u00f4t pour arroser les plantes du balcon.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ci eravamo svegliati tardi, ma avevamo gi\u00e0 preparato tutto.<\/em><br><em>Nous nous \u00e9tions r\u00e9veill\u00e9s tard, mais nous avions d\u00e9j\u00e0 tout pr\u00e9par\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"accord\">L&#8217;accord du participe pass\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les r\u00e8gles d&#8217;accord sont exactement les m\u00eames qu&#8217;au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9. Deux cas \u00e0 retenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Avec <em>essere<\/em><\/strong> : le participe pass\u00e9 s&#8217;accorde en genre et en nombre avec le sujet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Giulia era arrivata in anticipo.<\/em> (f\u00e9minin singulier : <em>arrivata<\/em>)<br><em>Giulia \u00e9tait arriv\u00e9e en avance.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Le ragazze erano gi\u00e0 partite.<\/em> (f\u00e9minin pluriel : <em>partite<\/em>)<br><em>Les filles \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 parties.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Lorenzo ed io eravamo rimasti a studiare.<\/em> (masculin pluriel : <em>rimasti<\/em>)<br><em>Lorenzo et moi \u00e9tions rest\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00e9tudier.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Avec <em>avere<\/em><\/strong> : le participe pass\u00e9 est invariable, sauf si un pronom COD (<em>lo, la, li, le<\/em>) pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le verbe. Dans ce cas, l&#8217;accord est obligatoire, comme en fran\u00e7ais avec les pronoms COD ant\u00e9pos\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Avevo comprato i libri.<\/em> (pas d&#8217;accord)<br><em>J&#8217;avais achet\u00e9 les livres.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I libri? Li avevo gi\u00e0 comprati.<\/em> (accord avec <em>li<\/em>, masculin pluriel)<br><em>Les livres ? Je les avais d\u00e9j\u00e0 achet\u00e9s.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>La torta? La avevo gi\u00e0 preparata ieri sera.<\/em> (accord avec <em>la<\/em>, f\u00e9minin singulier)<br><em>Le g\u00e2teau ? Je l&#8217;avais d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9par\u00e9 hier soir.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"emplois\">Emplois : exprimer l&#8217;ant\u00e9riorit\u00e9 dans le pass\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;emploi central du <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong> est identique \u00e0 celui du fran\u00e7ais : il situe une action dans le pass\u00e9 <em>avant<\/em> une autre action pass\u00e9e. Cette action de fond s&#8217;exprime au plus-que-parfait ; l&#8217;action principale se met \u00e0 l&#8217;imparfait, au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 ou au pass\u00e9 simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Quando sono arrivata alla pasticceria, Giulia aveva gi\u00e0 scelto i dolci.<\/em><br><em>Quand je suis arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 la p\u00e2tisserie, Giulia avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 choisi les g\u00e2teaux.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Lorenzo non si \u00e8 seduto sulla panchina perch\u00e9 l&#8217;avevano appena verniciata.<\/em><br><em>Lorenzo ne s&#8217;est pas assis sur le banc parce qu&#8217;on venait de le repeindre.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Martina era meravigliata: aveva ricevuto un mazzo di fiori da un&#8217;amica lontana.<\/em><br><em>Martina \u00e9tait \u00e9merveill\u00e9e : elle avait re\u00e7u un bouquet de fleurs d&#8217;une amie lointaine.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le terme de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans le pass\u00e9 peut \u00eatre exprim\u00e9 par diff\u00e9rents temps :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Imparfait + trapassato : <em>Non <strong>voleva<\/strong> mangiare il risotto che la nonna <strong>aveva preparato<\/strong>.<\/em> (Il ne voulait pas manger le risotto que sa grand-m\u00e8re avait pr\u00e9par\u00e9.)<\/li>\n<li>Pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 + trapassato : <em>Non <strong>ho voluto<\/strong> mangiare il risotto che la nonna <strong>aveva preparato<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pass\u00e9 simple + trapassato : <em>Non <strong>volle<\/strong> mangiare il risotto che la nonna <strong>aveva preparato<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un emploi particulier, tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent en italien : le <strong>plus-que-parfait comme pr\u00e9lude narratif<\/strong>. Quand on raconte une histoire et qu&#8217;on veut expliquer la situation juste avant l&#8217;\u00e9v\u00e9nement principal, on utilise le plus-que-parfait. Cet usage est plus r\u00e9pandu en italien qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Non avevo mai assaggiato la focaccia genovese prima di quel giorno.<\/em><br><em>Je n&#8217;avais jamais go\u00fbt\u00e9 la focaccia g\u00e9noise avant ce jour-l\u00e0.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Eri gi\u00e0 stato a Verona?<\/em><br><em>Tu \u00e9tais d\u00e9j\u00e0 all\u00e9 \u00e0 V\u00e9rone ?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"marqueurs\">Les marqueurs temporels du plus-que-parfait<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains marqueurs temporels signalent quasi automatiquement l&#8217;emploi du <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong>. Reconna\u00eetre ces marqueurs facilite consid\u00e9rablement la production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Marqueur italien<\/th><th>Traduction<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><em>gi\u00e0<\/em><\/td><td>d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/td><td><em>Avevano gi\u00e0 finito quando siamo arrivati.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>appena<\/em><\/td><td>venait de \/ \u00e0 peine<\/td><td><em>Era appena partita quando l&#8217;ho chiamata.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>non ancora<\/em><\/td><td>pas encore<\/td><td><em>Non era ancora arrivato il professore.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>mai<\/em><\/td><td>jamais (avant)<\/td><td><em>Non avevo mai visto un giardino cos\u00ec curato.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>da poco<\/em><\/td><td>depuis peu \/ juste<\/td><td><em>Era uscita da poco dalla biblioteca.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>allora<\/em><\/td><td>alors \/ juste \u00e0 ce moment<\/td><td><em>Era uscita allora dal corso di cucina.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>prima<\/em><\/td><td>avant \/ auparavant<\/td><td><em>Avevo letto il libro prima di vedere il film.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-ex1-ppq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#fffaf2;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-left:2px solid #ab2227;border-right:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:14px 14px 14px 14px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:18px 22px\" id=\"exercice1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice 1 : former le plus-que-parfait<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conjuguez au <em>trapassato prossimo<\/em> le verbe entre parenth\u00e8ses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando sono entrata in classe, il professore (gi\u00e0 \/ iniziare) _____________ la lezione.<\/li>\n<li>Federica era stanca perch\u00e9 (non \/ dormire) _____________ bene.<\/li>\n<li>Ho trovato i biglietti sul tavolo : li (lasciare \/ Martina) _____________ prima di uscire.<\/li>\n<li>I bambini (gi\u00e0 \/ annaffiare) _____________ le piante quando ho guardato fuori.<\/li>\n<li>Paolo non (mai \/ assaggiare) _____________ la focaccia prima di quel viaggio.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/summary>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. aveva gi\u00e0 iniziato &middot; 2. non aveva dormito &middot; 3. le aveva lasciate &middot; 4. avevano gi\u00e0 annaffiato &middot; 5. non aveva mai assaggiato<\/p>\n\n<\/details>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vs-passe-compose\">Plus-que-parfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le choix entre le <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong> et le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 (<em>passato prossimo<\/em>) repose sur une question simple : l&#8217;action est-elle ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un autre moment du pass\u00e9, ou est-elle simplement pass\u00e9e ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Situation<\/th><th>Temps \u00e0 employer<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Action pass\u00e9e, ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 une autre action pass\u00e9e<\/td><td>Trapassato prossimo<\/td><td><em>Quando sono arrivato, Lorenzo era gi\u00e0 partito.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Action pass\u00e9e, li\u00e9e au pr\u00e9sent ou sans autre r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pass\u00e9e<\/td><td>Passato prossimo<\/td><td><em>Lorenzo \u00e8 partito stamattina.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Action jamais faite avant un moment pr\u00e9cis du pass\u00e9<\/td><td>Trapassato prossimo<\/td><td><em>Non avevo mai visto un giardino cos\u00ec bello.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Action jamais faite jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent<\/td><td>Passato prossimo<\/td><td><em>Non ho mai visto un giardino cos\u00ec bello.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un point utile : en italien, dans les phrases n\u00e9gatives ou interrogatives avec \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9j\u00e0&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;jamais&nbsp;\u00bb situ\u00e9es dans un contexte pass\u00e9, le plus-que-parfait est souvent n\u00e9cessaire l\u00e0 o\u00f9 le fran\u00e7ais peut se contenter du pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Eri gi\u00e0 stato a Bologna prima di questo viaggio?<\/em><br><em>Tu \u00e9tais d\u00e9j\u00e0 all\u00e9 \u00e0 Bologne avant ce voyage ?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Non aveva mai provato questa ricetta di biscotti.<\/em><br><em>Il n&#8217;avait jamais essay\u00e9 cette recette de biscuits.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"venir-de\">\u00abVenir de\u00bb en italien : attention au pi\u00e8ge<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En fran\u00e7ais, \u00ab&nbsp;venir de&nbsp;\u00bb suivi d&#8217;un infinitif exprime une action tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cente dans le pass\u00e9. En italien, cette tournure n&#8217;existe pas. Pour rendre le m\u00eame sens, on emploie le <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong> accompagn\u00e9 d&#8217;un marqueur de proximit\u00e9 temporelle : <em>appena, da poco<\/em> ou <em>allora<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Fran\u00e7ais<\/th><th>\u00c9quivalent italien<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Il venait de partir.<\/td><td><em>Era appena partito. \/ Era partito da poco. \/ Era partito allora.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Elle venait de finir ses devoirs.<\/td><td><em>Aveva appena finito i compiti.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ils venaient de rentrer \u00e0 la maison.<\/td><td><em>Erano appena tornati a casa.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Je venais de sortir de la biblioth\u00e8que.<\/td><td><em>Ero appena uscita dalla biblioteca.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La construction avec <em>appena<\/em> est de loin la plus naturelle \u00e0 l&#8217;oral et \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9crit. Les formes <em>da poco<\/em> et <em>allora<\/em> sont \u00e9galement correctes, avec une nuance diff\u00e9rente sur la dur\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trapassato-remoto\">Le trapassato remoto : une variante litt\u00e9raire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;italien poss\u00e8de une deuxi\u00e8me forme de <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong> : le <strong>trapassato remoto<\/strong>. Il se forme avec le pass\u00e9 simple de l&#8217;auxiliaire + le participe pass\u00e9. Cette forme est l&#8217;\u00e9quivalent du pass\u00e9 ant\u00e9rieur fran\u00e7ais (\u00ab&nbsp;quand il eut termin\u00e9&nbsp;\u00bb), et son statut est identique : tr\u00e8s rare \u00e0 l&#8217;oral, limit\u00e9 aux registres litt\u00e9raires et formels de l&#8217;\u00e9crit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Personne<\/th><th>avere + cantare<\/th><th>essere + andare<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>io<\/td><td>ebbi cantato<\/td><td>fui andato\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tu<\/td><td>avesti cantato<\/td><td>fosti andato\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>ebbe cantato<\/td><td>fu andato\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>noi<\/td><td>avemmo cantato<\/td><td>fummo andati\/e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>voi<\/td><td>aveste cantato<\/td><td>foste andati\/e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>loro<\/td><td>ebbero cantato<\/td><td>furono andati\/e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <em>trapassato remoto<\/em> s&#8217;emploie dans les subordonn\u00e9es temporelles introduites par <em>dopo che, non appena, subito che, una volta che, quando, finch\u00e9 (non)<\/em>, uniquement quand l&#8217;action est imm\u00e9diatement ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un pass\u00e9 simple dans la principale. Dans tous les autres contextes, le <em>trapassato prossimo<\/em> suffit largement, y compris dans la langue parl\u00e9e courante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Non appena ebbe finito di leggere, spense la luce.<\/em> (litt\u00e9raire)<br><em>D\u00e8s qu&#8217;il eut fini de lire, il \u00e9teignit la lumi\u00e8re.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Quando ebbe scoperto di aver vinto il concorso, abbracci\u00f2 tutti i colleghi.<\/em> (litt\u00e9raire)<br><em>Quand il eut appris qu&#8217;il avait remport\u00e9 le concours, il embrassa tous ses coll\u00e8gues.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour la pratique quotidienne, retenez simplement que le <em>trapassato remoto<\/em> existe et se reconna\u00eet \u00e0 la lecture de textes litt\u00e9raires, sans que vous ayez besoin de le produire \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9crit ou \u00e0 l&#8217;oral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet : tableau r\u00e9capitulatif du plus-que-parfait italien<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Point<\/th><th>R\u00e8gle<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Formation<\/td><td>Imperfait de avere\/essere + participe pass\u00e9<\/td><td><em>avevo studiato, era partita<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Auxiliaire avere<\/td><td>Verbes transitifs<\/td><td><em>avevo letto, avevo mangiato<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Auxiliaire essere<\/td><td>Verbes de d\u00e9placement, changement, r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis<\/td><td><em>era arrivata, si era svegliato<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Accord avec essere<\/td><td>PP s&#8217;accorde avec le sujet<\/td><td><em>erano partite (f\u00e9m. pl.)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Accord avec avere + COD ant\u00e9pos\u00e9<\/td><td>PP s&#8217;accorde avec lo\/la\/li\/le<\/td><td><em>li avevo gi\u00e0 letti<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emploi central<\/td><td>Action ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 une autre action pass\u00e9e<\/td><td><em>Quando \u00e8 arrivata, avevo gi\u00e0 cucinato.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00abVenir de\u00bb<\/td><td>Trapassato + appena \/ da poco \/ allora<\/td><td><em>era appena uscita<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Trapassato remoto<\/td><td>Pass\u00e9 simple de l&#8217;auxiliaire + PP (litt\u00e9raire)<\/td><td><em>ebbe finito, fu arrivato<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-ex2-ppq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#fffaf2;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-left:2px solid #ab2227;border-right:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:14px 14px 14px 14px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:18px 22px\" id=\"exercice2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice 2 : choisir le bon temps<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour chaque phrase, choisissez entre <em>trapassato prossimo<\/em> et <em>passato prossimo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando sono arrivata in libreria, (vendere) _____________ gi\u00e0 tutti i libri della nuova serie.<\/li>\n<li>Federica (non \/ mai \/ visitare) _____________ quel giardino botanico prima di quella mattina.<\/li>\n<li>Ieri Lorenzo (comprare) _____________ nuovi vasi per le piante del balcone.<\/li>\n<li>Martina era sorpresa: non (aspettarsi) _____________ una risposta cos\u00ec veloce.<\/li>\n<li>Paolo (iscriversi) _____________ al corso di ceramica la settimana scorsa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/summary>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. avevano gi\u00e0 venduto (ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 l&#8217;arriv\u00e9e) &middot; 2. non aveva mai visitato (avant cette matin\u00e9e-l\u00e0) &middot; 3. ha comprato (action pass\u00e9e r\u00e9cente, hier, li\u00e9e au pr\u00e9sent) &middot; 4. non si era aspettata (ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la surprise) &middot; 5. si \u00e8 iscritto (action pass\u00e9e r\u00e9cente, la semaine derni\u00e8re)<\/p>\n\n<\/details>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue : \u00e0 la pasticceria di Verona<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Giulia et Lorenzo se retrouvent \u00e0 la pasticceria Mazzini \u00e0 V\u00e9rone. Giulia avait command\u00e9 des biscuits \u00e0 l&#8217;avance ; Lorenzo est arriv\u00e9 en retard. La conversation m\u00eale imparfait, pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 et plus-que-parfait.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dial-ppq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border-top:1px solid #dddddd;border-bottom:1px solid #dddddd;border-left:1px solid #dddddd;border-right:1px solid #dddddd;border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:28px;padding:18px 22px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69 <em>Finalmente! Avevo ordinato i biscotti da due giorni. Pensavo che non arrivassi pi\u00f9.<\/em><br><em>Enfin ! J&#8217;avais command\u00e9 les biscuits il y a deux jours. Je pensais que tu n&#8217;arriverais plus.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68 <em>Mi dispiace, ero rimasto in vivaio pi\u00f9 del previsto. Avevo dimenticato che avevamo questo appuntamento.<\/em><br><em>D\u00e9sol\u00e9, j&#8217;\u00e9tais rest\u00e9 \u00e0 la jardinerie plus longtemps que pr\u00e9vu. J&#8217;avais oubli\u00e9 que nous avions ce rendez-vous.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69 <em>Non fa niente. La pasticciera mi aveva detto che avrebbe tenuto i biscotti da parte fino alle cinque.<\/em><br><em>Ce n&#8217;est rien. La p\u00e2tissi\u00e8re m&#8217;avait dit qu&#8217;elle garderait les biscuits de c\u00f4t\u00e9 jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 cinq heures.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68 <em>Avevi gi\u00e0 scelto il tipo di biscotti o lo abbiamo deciso insieme?<\/em><br><em>Tu avais d\u00e9j\u00e0 choisi le type de biscuits, ou on devait d\u00e9cider ensemble ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69 <em>Avevo scelto i biscotti alle mandorle, quelli che avevamo assaggiato l&#8217;estate scorsa a Padova. Ti ricordi?<\/em><br><em>J&#8217;avais choisi les biscuits aux amandes, ceux que nous avions go\u00fbt\u00e9s l&#8217;\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier \u00e0 Padoue. Tu t&#8217;en souviens ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68 <em>Certo! Erano i migliori che avessi mai mangiato. Ottima scelta. E le avevi gi\u00e0 pagate?<\/em><br><em>Bien s\u00fbr ! C&#8217;\u00e9taient les meilleurs que j&#8217;aie jamais mang\u00e9s. Excellent choix. Et tu les avais d\u00e9j\u00e0 pay\u00e9es ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69 <em>No, non ancora. Aspettavo che tu arrivassi per dividere il conto.<\/em><br><em>Non, pas encore. J&#8217;attendais que tu arrives pour partager l&#8217;addition.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68 <em>Perfetto. Allora pago io. Avevi fatto benissimo a prenotare in anticipo: avevano gi\u00e0 esaurito i cornetti!<\/em><br><em>Parfait. Alors c&#8217;est moi qui paie. Tu avais tr\u00e8s bien fait de r\u00e9server \u00e0 l&#8217;avance : ils avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9puis\u00e9 les croissants !<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-ex3-ppq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#fffaf2;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-left:2px solid #ab2227;border-right:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:14px 14px 14px 14px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:18px 22px\" id=\"exercice3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice 3 : corriger les erreurs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces phrases contiennent une erreur de temps ou d&#8217;accord. Trouvez l&#8217;erreur et corrigez-la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Quando siamo entrati, i bambini <strong>hanno gi\u00e0 mangiato<\/strong> tutta la frutta.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Martina era contenta perch\u00e9 aveva ricevuto una lettera di un&#8217;amica che <strong>non ha visto<\/strong> da anni.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Le rose? <strong>Le avevo comprato<\/strong> al mercato ieri mattina.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ho trovato tutti i posti occupati: avevano gi\u00e0 riservato tutta la sala. (Correct ou non ?)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Non <strong>ero mai stato<\/strong> a Bologna prima. (Correct ou non ?)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/summary>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u00abhanne gi\u00e0 mangiato\u00bb doit \u00eatre <em>avevano gi\u00e0 mangiato<\/em> (ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 l&#8217;entr\u00e9e dans la pi\u00e8ce). 2. \u00abnon ha visto\u00bb doit \u00eatre <em>non aveva visto<\/em> (dans le contexte du pass\u00e9). 3. \u00able avevo comprato\u00bb doit \u00eatre <em>le avevo comprate<\/em> (accord f\u00e9minin pluriel avec le pronom <em>le<\/em>). 4. Correct. 5. Correct : <em>non ero mai stato a Bologna prima<\/em> = je n&#8217;\u00e9tais jamais all\u00e9 \u00e0 Bologne auparavant.<\/p>\n\n<\/details>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-d\u00e9fi :<\/strong> \u00c9crivez deux phrases en utilisant le <em>trapassato prossimo<\/em> pour d\u00e9crire ce que vous aviez d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait avant d&#8217;arriver au cours d&#8217;italien cette semaine. Partagez-les en commentaire !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Teste ta compr\u00e9hension<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un quiz complet sur le <em>trapassato prossimo<\/em> est disponible ci-dessous. Testez vos connaissances avant de continuer.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-ppq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#f4f5f6;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px 11px 11px 11px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;padding:20px 24px\">\n\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_56\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Temps limite: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">R&eacute;capitulatif du quiz<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Terminer le quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Terminer le quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Commencer le quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Chargement du quiz...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Quiz d&rsquo;italien gratuit<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">&laquo;&nbsp;Le plus-que-parfait italien (trapassato prossimo)&nbsp;&raquo;<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Inscrivez-vous gratuitement pour faire ce quiz et acc&eacute;der en avant-premi&egrave;re aux nouvelles le&ccedil;ons d&rsquo;italien.\n        <\/p>\n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/fr\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F225\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continuer avec Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/fr\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F225\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continuer avec Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>ou<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"4f6541a9c4\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"votre adresse e-mail\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Nom complet<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Votre nom complet\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Entrez un mot de passe\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    J'accepte les <a href=\"\/fr\/conditions-utilisation\/\" target=\"_blank\">Conditions<\/a> et <a href=\"\/fr\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\" target=\"_blank\">Politique de confidentialit\u00e9<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continuer<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continuer',\n            signIn: 'Se connecter',\n            createAccount: 'Cr\u00e9er un compte',\n            enterPassword: 'Entrez un mot de passe',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Entrez votre mot de passe',\n            choosePassword: 'Choisissez un mot de passe s\u00fbr',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'L\\'e-mail et le mot de passe sont obligatoires',\n            nameRequired: 'Le nom complet est obligatoire',\n            acceptTerms: 'Veuillez accepter les Conditions et la Politique de confidentialit\u00e9',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Traitement en cours...',\n            success: 'Parfait ! Redirection en cours...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    Vous avez obtenu <span>0<\/span> points sur <span>0<\/span>, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Cat&eacute;gories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"116\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Choix de phrases : le trapassato prossimo<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"115\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Texte a trous : le trapassato prossimo<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 &#8211; 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 &#8211; 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 &#8211; 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/quattro-chiacchiere\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 &#8211; 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/quattro-chiacchiere\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">R&eacute;pondue<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Marqu&eacute;e<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Marquer la question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Texte &agrave; trous&nbsp;: le trapassato prossimo<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Coniuga il verbo al trapassato prossimo.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Contesto.<\/strong> Chiara e Daniele parlano di eventi recenti con i loro amici.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#888; text-align:center;\">Tastiera: se non hai l&#8217;accento grave (&agrave;, &egrave;, &igrave;, &ograve;, &ugrave;), usa l&#8217;apostrofo: <em>gia&#8217;<\/em> invece di <em>gi&agrave;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"174\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Quando Chiara \u00e8 arrivata alla stazione, il treno (partire - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(era gi\u00e0 partito, era gia' partito, era gia partito)<\/span><\/span> .<\/li><li>Il direttore ha scoperto che il tecnico (commettere - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(aveva commesso)<\/span><\/span> un errore grave nei calcoli.<\/li><li>Camilla si \u00e8 seduta subito: si (stancare - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(era stancata)<\/span><\/span> dopo tre ore di prova al teatro di Verona.<\/li><li>Non volevo pi\u00f9 rivedere quel documentario: (guardare - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"19\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avevo gi\u00e0 guardato, avevo gia' guardato, avevo gia guardato)<\/span><\/span> la settimana prima.<\/li><li>Daniele non era pi\u00f9 raggiungibile: (trasferirsi - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"17\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si era trasferito)<\/span><\/span> a Torino tre mesi prima.<\/li><li>La ricercatrice ha presentato i dati che (raccogliere - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(aveva raccolto)<\/span><\/span> durante il tirocinio a Napoli.<\/li><li>Quando il capo \u00e8 entrato nel corridoio, le colleghe (uscire - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"17\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(erano gi\u00e0 uscite, erano gia' uscite, erano gia uscite)<\/span><\/span> per la pausa.<\/li><li>Beatrice non riusciva ad addormentarsi: (bere - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(aveva bevuto)<\/span><\/span> tre caff\u00e8 nel pomeriggio.<\/li><li>Quando i soccorritori sono arrivati, i due escursionisti (perdersi - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"19\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si erano gi\u00e0 persi, si erano gia' persi, si erano gia persi)<\/span><\/span> nel bosco.<\/li><li>Prima di partire per Lisbona, Sofia (essere - trapassato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(era gi\u00e0 stata, era gia' stata, era gia stata)<\/span><\/span> in Portogallo due volte.<\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>10 su 10. Il trapassato prossimo non ha segreti per te.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>Regola:<\/strong> il trapassato prossimo si forma con l&#8217;imperfetto di <strong>essere<\/strong> o <strong>avere<\/strong> + participio passato. Con <em>essere<\/em>: il PP concorda con il soggetto (<em>era partita<\/em> fem. sing., <em>erano uscite<\/em> fem. pl.). Con <em>avere<\/em>: il PP &egrave; invariabile (<em>aveva bevuto<\/em>). Con i verbi riflessivi si usa sempre <em>essere<\/em> (<em>si era stancata<\/em>, <em>si era trasferito<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Forme corrette:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>era gi&agrave; partito<\/em> &bull; partire + essere (masc. sing.)<\/li>\n<li><em>aveva commesso<\/em> &bull; commettere + avere (PP irregolare)<\/li>\n<li><em>era stancata<\/em> &bull; stancarsi + essere (riflessivo, fem. sing.)<\/li>\n<li><em>avevo gi&agrave; guardato<\/em> &bull; guardare + avere (transitivo)<\/li>\n<li><em>si era trasferito<\/em> &bull; trasferirsi + essere (riflessivo, masc. sing.)<\/li>\n<li><em>aveva raccolto<\/em> &bull; raccogliere + avere (PP irregolare)<\/li>\n<li><em>erano gi&agrave; uscite<\/em> &bull; uscire + essere (fem. pl.)<\/li>\n<li><em>aveva bevuto<\/em> &bull; bere + avere (PP irregolare)<\/li>\n<li><em>si erano gi&agrave; persi<\/em> &bull; perdersi + essere (masc. pl.)<\/li>\n<li><em>era gi&agrave; stata<\/em> &bull; essere + essere (fem. sing.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Lessico:<\/strong> tecnico = technicien &middot; tirocinio = stage &middot; soccorritori = secouristes &middot; pausa = pause &middot; raggiungibile = joignable &middot; escursionisti = randonneurs<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Indice<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Tre punti chiave: (1) scegli <strong>essere<\/strong> per i verbi di moto, stato e i riflessivi; <strong>avere<\/strong> per i transitivi. (2) Con <em>essere<\/em>, il participio concorda sempre con il soggetto (-o \/ -a \/ -i \/ -e). (3) I marcatori <strong>gi&agrave;<\/strong>, <strong>appena<\/strong>, <strong>non ancora<\/strong> di solito segnalano il trapassato.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Indice\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"V&eacute;rifier\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Suivant\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choix de phrases&nbsp;: le trapassato prossimo<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>In ogni gruppo, seleziona la <strong>sola frase corretta<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Contesto.<\/strong> Giulia e Marco leggono alcune frasi su un esercizio di grammatica.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"175\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Le studentesse erano gi&agrave; arrivate quando ha iniziato la lezione.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Le studentesse erano gi&agrave; arrivato quando ha iniziato la lezione.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Le studentesse avevano gi&agrave; arrivato quando ha iniziato la lezione.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Quando mi ha chiamato, avevo gi&agrave; finito la consegna.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Quando mi ha chiamato, ero gi&agrave; finita la consegna.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Quando mi ha chiamato, ho gi&agrave; finito la consegna.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Prima di andare a Palermo, non ero mai assaggiata il cannolo siciliano.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Prima di andare a Palermo, non avevo mai assaggiato il cannolo siciliano.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Prima di andare a Palermo, non ho mai assaggiato il cannolo siciliano.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Giulia non si era accorta dell&rsquo;errore fino alla fine della presentazione.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Giulia non si era accorto dell&rsquo;errore fino alla fine della presentazione.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Giulia non aveva accorta dell&rsquo;errore fino alla fine della presentazione.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Dopo che era partita l&rsquo;ultima ospite, Marco ha finalmente potuto riposare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Dopo che &egrave; partita l&rsquo;ultima ospite, Marco ha finalmente potuto riposare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_56_175\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Dopo che aveva partita l&rsquo;ultima ospite, Marco ha finalmente potuto riposare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>5 su 5. Il trapassato prossimo &egrave; acquisito.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>Regola:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 10px 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li>Verbi di moto e riflessivi &rarr; ausiliare <strong>essere<\/strong> + PP concorda con il soggetto (<em>erano arrivate<\/em>, <em>si era accorta<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Verbi transitivi &rarr; ausiliare <strong>avere<\/strong> + PP invariabile (<em>avevo finito<\/em>, <em>aveva partecipato<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>Prima di \/ dopo che<\/em> + azione anteriore nel passato &rarr; <strong>trapassato prossimo<\/strong>, non passato prossimo (<em>non avevo mai assaggiato<\/em>, <em>dopo che era partita<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Frasi corrette:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>Le studentesse erano gi&agrave; arrivate quando ha iniziato la lezione.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Quando mi ha chiamato, avevo gi&agrave; finito la consegna.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Prima di andare a Palermo, non avevo mai assaggiato il cannolo siciliano.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Giulia non si era accorta dell&#8217;errore fino alla fine della presentazione.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Dopo che era partita l&#8217;ultima ospite, Marco ha finalmente potuto riposare.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Lessico:<\/strong> accorgersi = se rendre compte &middot; presentazione = expos&eacute; &middot; ospite = h&ocirc;te\/invit&eacute; &middot; consegna = livraison\/remise &middot; cannolo = cannoli sicilien &middot; gi&agrave; = d&eacute;j&agrave;<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Indice<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Errori tipici: (1) <em>avevano arrivato<\/em> &rarr; <em>arrivare<\/em> vuole <em>essere<\/em>, non <em>avere<\/em>; (2) <em>ero finita la consegna<\/em> &rarr; <em>finire<\/em> come transitivo vuole <em>avere<\/em>; (3) <em>ho assaggiato<\/em> dopo <em>prima di andare<\/em> &rarr; in un contesto di passato narrativo serve il trapassato (<em>avevo assaggiato<\/em>).<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Indice\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"V&eacute;rifier\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Suivant\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_56',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 56,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 15,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"115\":10,\"116\":5},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Terminer le quiz\",\n                    json: {\"174\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":174,\"catId\":115,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"era gi\\u00e0 partito\",\"era gia' partito\",\"era gia partito\"],[\"aveva commesso\"],[\"era stancata\"],[\"avevo gi\\u00e0 guardato\",\"avevo gia' guardato\",\"avevo gia guardato\"],[\"si era trasferito\"],[\"aveva raccolto\"],[\"erano gi\\u00e0 uscite\",\"erano gia' uscite\",\"erano gia uscite\"],[\"aveva bevuto\"],[\"si erano gi\\u00e0 persi\",\"si erano gia' persi\",\"si erano gia persi\"],[\"era gi\\u00e0 stata\",\"era gia' stata\",\"era gia stata\"]]},\"175\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":175,\"catId\":116,\"points\":[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0],\"correct\":[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;font-family:Georgia,serif;letter-spacing:0.3em\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces questions reviennent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement chez les francophones qui \u00e9tudient le <strong>plus-que-parfait italien<\/strong>. Les r\u00e9ponses s&#8217;appuient sur les cas les plus discut\u00e9s dans les forums d&#8217;apprenants.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-q1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Quelle est la difference entre le trapassato prossimo et le passato prossimo ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Le passato prossimo (passe compose) exprime une action passee liee au present ou simplement achevee. Le trapassato prossimo (plus-que-parfait) situe une action dans le passe avant une autre action passee : il exprime l&#8217;anteriorite. Exemple : Quando e arrivato Lorenzo, avevo gia preparato il te. L&#8217;arrivee de Lorenzo se met au passato prossimo ; la preparation du the, anterieure, se met au trapassato prossimo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Quand utiliser essere et quand utiliser avere au trapassato prossimo ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>La regle est identique a celle du passe compose. On utilise avere avec les verbes transitifs : avevo mangiato, avevo letto, avevo scritto. On utilise essere avec les verbes intransitifs exprimant un deplacement, un changement d&#8217;etat ou une facon d&#8217;etre (andare, venire, arrivare, partire, uscire, nascere, crescere, diventare&#8230;) et avec tous les verbes reflechis. Avec essere, le participe passe s&#8217;accorde avec le sujet : era arrivata (fem. sing.), erano partiti (masc. pl.).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Comment traduire venir de en italien au passe ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Il n&#8217;existe pas d&#8217;equivalent direct de venir de en italien. On utilise le trapassato prossimo accompagne de appena, da poco ou allora : Il venait de sortir = era appena uscito ou era uscito da poco. La construction avec appena est la plus naturelle et la plus frequente a l&#8217;oral comme a l&#8217;ecrit.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Le trapassato remoto est-il encore utilise en italien moderne ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Le trapassato remoto (ebbi fatto, fui andato) est tres rare dans la langue parlee contemporaine. Son emploi se limite aux registres litteraires et formels de l&#8217;ecrit. Dans la langue courante, on le remplace par le passe simple ou le trapassato prossimo. Vous n&#8217;avez donc pas besoin de le produire, seulement de le reconnaitre a la lecture de textes litteraires.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Faut-il accorder le participe passe avec avere au trapassato prossimo ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Avec avere, le participe passe est normalement invariable : avevo mangiato, avevamo letto. L&#8217;accord devient obligatoire uniquement quand un pronom COD (lo, la, li, le) precede le verbe : I biscotti ? Li avevo gia comprati. L&#8217;accord se fait alors avec le pronom : li (masc. pl.) donne comprati. C&#8217;est la meme regle qu&#8217;en francais avec les pronoms COD antepose.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Peut-on omettre le trapassato prossimo dans la langue parlee italienne ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A l&#8217;oral, les Italiens l&#8217;omettent parfois et utilisent le passato prossimo meme pour une action anterieure, quand le contexte rend l&#8217;anteriorite evidente. Mais le trapassato prossimo reste bien plus frequent en italien qu&#8217;en francais pour exprimer des actions qui precedent le recit principal. Dans un texte ecrit ou dans un discours soigne, il est attendu et ameliore la clarte de la narration.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Guides associ\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/passe-compose-italien\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en italien (passato prossimo) : guide complet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/imparfait-italien\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">L&#8217;imparfait en italien (imperfetto) : formation et emplois<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/imparfait-ou-passe-compose-italien\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">Imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en italien : comment choisir ?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour aller plus loin, la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/trapassato-prossimo_%28La-grammatica-italiana%29\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">page Treccani sur le trapassato prossimo<\/a> offre un traitement complet de cette forme dans le contexte de la grammaire normative italienne.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d En bref. Le plus-que-parfait italien (trapassato prossimo) se forme exactement comme le v\u00f4tre : imperfait de l&#8217;auxiliaire + participe pass\u00e9. Avevo studiato = j&#8217;avais \u00e9tudi\u00e9 ; ero partita = j&#8217;\u00e9tais partie. Si vous ma\u00eetrisez d\u00e9j\u00e0 le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien, vous tenez 90\u00a0% du plus-que-parfait. Ce guide vous montre les 10\u00a0% qui restent : choix &#8230; <a title=\"Le plus-que-parfait italien (trapassato prossimo)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/plus-que-parfait-italien\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Le plus-que-parfait italien (trapassato prossimo)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b2","category-non-classe","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=225"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":350,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225\/revisions\/350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}