{"id":217,"date":"2026-06-11T03:33:21","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T03:33:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/?p=217"},"modified":"2026-06-11T19:04:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T19:04:36","slug":"suffixes-italiens-diminutifs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/suffixes-italiens-diminutifs\/","title":{"rendered":"Les suffixes italiens : -ino, -etto, -one, -accio"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>En bref.<\/strong> Les <strong>suffixes italiens<\/strong> forment un syst\u00e8me vivant et productif que le fran\u00e7ais ne poss\u00e8de pas \u00e0 l&#8217;identique : avec -ino, -etto, -one ou -accio, on transforme n&#8217;importe quel nom en exprimant la taille, l&#8217;affection ou le m\u00e9pris, sans changer de mot. Ce guide complet passe en revue les suffixes italiens diminutifs, augmentatifs et p\u00e9joratifs, les pi\u00e8ges des faux alt\u00e9r\u00e9s et les nuances pragmatiques que les francophones ratent souvent.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-suffixes toc-container\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container toc-container\" style=\"background-color:#f4f5f6;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;padding:22px 28px\">\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:18px;font-weight:700\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:13px\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Aller \u00e0 la section<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ab2227;color:#ab2227\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><a href=\"#quest-ce\">Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;alterazione ?<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#diminutifs-ino\">Les diminutifs : -ino \/ -ina<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#diminutifs-etto\">Les diminutifs : -etto \/ -etta<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#diminutifs-ello\">Les diminutifs : -ello \/ -ella<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#diminutifs-autres\">Autres diminutifs : -uccio, -otto, -icino<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#augmentatifs\">Les augmentatifs : -one \/ -ona<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#pejoratifs\">Les p\u00e9joratifs : -accio \/ -astro<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#changement-genre\">Changement de genre<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#faux-alteres\">Les faux alt\u00e9r\u00e9s : le pi\u00e8ge classique<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#pragmatique\">La dimension pragmatique<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Tableau r\u00e9capitulatif<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue en contexte (C1)<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"#faq\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ab2227;color:#ab2227\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><a href=\"#quiz\">Teste ta compr\u00e9hension<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quest-ce\">Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;<em>alterazione<\/em> en italien ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En fran\u00e7ais, pour exprimer \u00abune petite maison avec affection\u00bb, vous dites \u00abune maisonnette\u00bb ou \u00abune petite maison mignonne\u00bb : deux mots, ou une p\u00e9riphrase. En italien, un seul suffixe suffit : <em>casetta<\/em>, <em>casina<\/em>, <em>casuccia<\/em>. Ce m\u00e9canisme s&#8217;appelle <strong>alterazione<\/strong> : la modification d&#8217;un mot de base par ajout d&#8217;un suffixe qui change la dimension ou la connotation, sans changer la cat\u00e9gorie grammaticale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contrairement au fran\u00e7ais, o\u00f9 les suffixes diminutifs sont fig\u00e9s et les nouvelles cr\u00e9ations rarissimes, les <strong>suffixes italiens<\/strong> forment un syst\u00e8me ouvert et productif. Vous pouvez th\u00e9oriquement alt\u00e9rer n&#8217;importe quel nom courant : <em>valigino<\/em> (petite valise avec affection), <em>problemino<\/em> (petit probl\u00e8me avec ironie), <em>riunioncina<\/em> (petite r\u00e9union sans importance). Aucun \u00e9quivalent aussi vivant n&#8217;existe en fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;alterazione distingue trois grandes familles :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><strong>Diminutifs<\/strong> (-ino, -etto, -ello, -uccio, -otto&#8230;) : taille r\u00e9duite et\/ou affection<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Augmentatifs<\/strong> (-one) : taille augment\u00e9e et\/ou force<\/li>\n  <li><strong>P\u00e9joratifs<\/strong> (-accio, -astro, -azzo&#8230;) : jugement n\u00e9gatif, m\u00e9pris ou ironie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un m\u00eame suffixe peut jouer sur plusieurs registres selon le contexte : <em>calduccio<\/em> peut \u00e9voquer une chaleur agr\u00e9able (positif) ou une chaleur \u00e9touffante m\u00e9diocre (p\u00e9joratif). C&#8217;est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment cette richesse contextuelle qui rend les suffixes italiens difficiles \u00e0 traduire m\u00e9caniquement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diminutifs-ino\">Les diminutifs : -ino \/ -ina<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-ino \/ -ina<\/strong> est le suffixe diminutif le plus productif de l&#8217;italien moderne. Il s&#8217;attache librement \u00e0 presque tous les noms et adjectifs, sans restrictions phonologiques significatives. C&#8217;est aussi le suffixe au sens le plus fort et le plus clair : il exprime prioritairement la petitesse, et en contexte, il glisse vers l&#8217;affection, l&#8217;ironie ou l&#8217;att\u00e9nuation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>ragazzo<\/em> \u2192 <em>ragazzino<\/em><br><em>gar\u00e7on : gamin, petit gar\u00e7on<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>momento<\/em> \u2192 <em>momentino<\/em><br><em>moment : petit instant (pour minimiser)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>pensiero<\/em> \u2192 <em>pensierino<\/em><br><em>pens\u00e9e : petite pens\u00e9e, petit cadeau symbolique<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>caff\u00e8<\/em> \u2192 <em>caffettino<\/em><br><em>caf\u00e9 : petit caf\u00e9 serr\u00e9<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>attimo<\/em> \u2192 <em>attimino<\/em><br><em>instant : un tout petit instant (de politesse)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>tardi<\/em> \u2192 <em>tardino<\/em><br><em>tard : un peu tard<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>presto<\/em> \u2192 <em>prestino<\/em><br><em>t\u00f4t : un peu t\u00f4t<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>coltello<\/em> \u2192 <em>coltellino<\/em><br><em>couteau : petit couteau de poche<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notez que -ino se cumule facilement avec d&#8217;autres suffixes : <em>librettino<\/em> (livre : petit livre, encore plus petit), <em>panchettina<\/em>, <em>bambolottino<\/em>. Il peut aussi s&#8217;attacher apr\u00e8s un interfixe : <em>corpicino<\/em> (corpo + -ic- + ino), <em>leoncino<\/em> (leone + -c- + ino), <em>sassolino<\/em> (sasso + -ol- + ino).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-callout-ino\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:16px 24px\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Angle FR\u2194IT.<\/strong> Le fran\u00e7ais poss\u00e8de -et\/-ette (<em>maisonnette<\/em>, <em>clochette<\/em>), mais ne cr\u00e9e plus gu\u00e8re de nouveaux diminutifs. En italien, la formation est vivante : <em>smartphonino<\/em>, <em>videino<\/em>, <em>selfino<\/em> circulent dans la langue contemporaine. C&#8217;est la diff\u00e9rence fondamentale entre un syst\u00e8me fig\u00e9 et un syst\u00e8me productif.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diminutifs-etto\">Les diminutifs : -etto \/ -etta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-etto \/ -etta<\/strong> est le deuxi\u00e8me suffixe diminutif en termes de fr\u00e9quence. Souvent interchangeable avec -ino selon les r\u00e9gions (la Toscane pr\u00e9f\u00e8re -ino, la V\u00e9n\u00e9tie -etto, le Mezzogiorno -ello), il tend \u00e0 indiquer la petitesse avec une nuance d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9gance ou de finesse plut\u00f4t qu&#8217;une affection enfantine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>bacio<\/em> \u2192 <em>bacetto<\/em><br><em>bisou : petite bise l\u00e9g\u00e8re<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>camera<\/em> \u2192 <em>cameretta<\/em><br><em>chambre : petite chambre, chambre d&#8217;enfant<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>borsa<\/em> \u2192 <em>borsetta<\/em><br><em>sac : sac \u00e0 main (sens lexicalis\u00e9 courant)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>scarpa<\/em> \u2192 <em>scarpetta<\/em><br><em>chaussure : petite chaussure, escarpin<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>vino<\/em> \u2192 <em>vinetto<\/em><br><em>vin : petit vin de table sympathique<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>treno<\/em> \u2192 <em>trenino<\/em> \/ <em>trenetto<\/em><br><em>train : petit train de jouet ou r\u00e9gional<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>foglio<\/em> \u2192 <em>foglietto<\/em><br><em>feuille : petit billet, feuillet<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>anello<\/em> \u2192 <em>anelletto<\/em><br><em>bague : petite bague, anneau fin<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le cumul -ett- + -ino est tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent : <em>casettina<\/em>, <em>fogliettino<\/em>, <em>storia<\/em> \u2192 <em>storiellina<\/em>. Dans ce cas, -ino s&#8217;ajoute \u00e0 l&#8217;ext\u00e9rieur et renforce le caract\u00e8re diminutif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diminutifs-ello\">Les diminutifs : -ello \/ -ella<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-ello \/ -ella<\/strong> est le troisi\u00e8me diminutif par productivit\u00e9. Particuli\u00e8rement fr\u00e9quent dans les noms propres du Mezzogiorno (Mondello, Brunello, Marinella) et dans de nombreux instruments courants, il a souvent une connotation l\u00e9g\u00e8rement d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciatrice : \u00abpeu important, peu s\u00e9rieux\u00bb. C&#8217;est ce qui le distingue de -ino et -etto, plus neutres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>albero<\/em> \u2192 <em>alberello<\/em><br><em>arbre : petit arbre, arbrisseau<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>vento<\/em> \u2192 <em>venticello<\/em><br><em>vent : petite brise (avec variante -icello)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>vecchio<\/em> \u2192 <em>vecchierello<\/em><br><em>vieux : petit vieux, avec affection ou l\u00e9g\u00e8re condescendance<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>autore<\/em> \u2192 <em>autorello<\/em><br><em>auteur : auteur sans envergure<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>vino<\/em> \u2192 <em>vinello<\/em><br><em>vin : vin ordinaire, piquette<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>topo<\/em> \u2192 <em>topolino<\/em> (avec interfixe -ol-)<br><em>souris : petite souris (Mickey Mouse en italien !)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diminutifs-autres\">Autres diminutifs : -uccio, -otto, -icino<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;italien dispose d&#8217;une gamme plus large encore de suffixes diminutifs, dont certains ont des valeurs sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-uccio \/ -uccia<\/strong> : le plus ambigu. Il peut exprimer l&#8217;affection tendre ou une valeur p\u00e9jorative l\u00e9g\u00e8re selon le contexte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>caldo<\/em> \u2192 <em>calduccio<\/em><br><em>chaud : petite chaleur douillette<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>canto<\/em> \u2192 <em>cantuccio<\/em><br><em>coin : petit coin tranquille (et biscuit toscan)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>avvocato<\/em> \u2192 <em>avvocatuccio<\/em><br><em>avocat : petit avocat de rien du tout<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-otto \/ -otta<\/strong> : diminutif att\u00e9nuatif, souvent pour les petits des animaux. La forme <strong>-acchiotto<\/strong> a une valeur affectueuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>aquila<\/em> \u2192 <em>aquilotto<\/em><br><em>aigle : aiglon<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>orso<\/em> \u2192 <em>orsacchiotto<\/em><br><em>ours : ourson, nounours<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>lupo<\/em> \u2192 <em>lupacchiotto<\/em><br><em>loup : louveteau<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>contadino<\/em> \u2192 <em>contadinotto<\/em><br><em>paysan : petit paysan d&#8217;allure pittoresque<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-icino \/ -olino<\/strong> (interfisses + -ino) : ajoutent un degr\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire de diminution ou de connotation affective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>corpo<\/em> \u2192 <em>corpicino<\/em><br><em>corps : petit corps d&#8217;un enfant, avec tendresse<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>leone<\/em> \u2192 <em>leoncino<\/em><br><em>lion : lionceau<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>sasso<\/em> \u2192 <em>sassolino<\/em><br><em>pierre : petit caillou<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"augmentatifs\">Les augmentatifs : -one \/ -ona<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-one<\/strong> est l&#8217;unique suffixe augmentatif standard de l&#8217;italien, et il est tr\u00e8s productif. Il intensifie une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 pertinente de la base : pas seulement la taille, mais aussi la force, l&#8217;exag\u00e9ration, ou une valeur positive ou n\u00e9gative selon le contexte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>libro<\/em> \u2192 <em>librone<\/em><br><em>livre : gros livre, pav\u00e9<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>problema<\/em> \u2192 <em>problemone<\/em><br><em>probl\u00e8me : gros probl\u00e8me<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>letto<\/em> \u2192 <em>lettone<\/em><br><em>lit : grand lit king-size<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>bacio<\/em> \u2192 <em>bacione<\/em><br><em>bisou : gros bisou affectueux<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>auguri<\/em> \u2192 <em>auguroni<\/em><br><em>voeux : grands voeux chaleureux<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>naso<\/em> \u2192 <em>nasone<\/em><br><em>nez : grand nez (peut \u00eatre affectueux ou moqueur)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>professore<\/em> \u2192 <em>professorone<\/em><br><em>professeur : grand professeur, avec ironie possible<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>pigro<\/em> \u2192 <em>pigrone<\/em><br><em>paresseux : grand fain\u00e9ant<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le suffixe <strong>-acchione<\/strong> (variante de -one) a une connotation ironique ou joueuse :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>furbo<\/em> \u2192 <em>furbacchione<\/em><br><em>malin : sacr\u00e9 petit malin, ton affectueux ou amus\u00e9<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>matto<\/em> \u2192 <em>mattacchione<\/em><br><em>fou : gros rigolo, ton bienveillant<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-callout-one\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:16px 24px\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Nuance importante.<\/strong> -one peut osciller entre augmentatif et p\u00e9joratif : <em>nasone<\/em> peut \u00eatre affectueux ou moqueur selon le ton. L&#8217;opposition <em>frasina<\/em> (petite phrase insignifiante) \/ <em>frasona<\/em> (grande phrase pompeuse) montre que les deux extr\u00eames du spectre coexistent.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pejoratifs\">Les p\u00e9joratifs : -accio, -astro, -azzo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les suffixes p\u00e9joratifs expriment un jugement n\u00e9gatif sur la qualit\u00e9 : laideur, m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9, imitation d\u00e9faillante. Ils n&#8217;ont pas d&#8217;\u00e9quivalent aussi productif en fran\u00e7ais : le -ard de <em>flemmard<\/em> ou <em>vantard<\/em> est beaucoup plus restreint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-accio \/ -accia<\/strong> est le p\u00e9joratif principal, plus r\u00e9pandu en Toscane et \u00e0 Rome. Sa variante <strong>-azzo \/ -azza<\/strong> est plus fr\u00e9quente au Nord et dans le Mezzogiorno :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>libro<\/em> \u2192 <em>libraccio<\/em><br><em>livre : mauvais livre, navet litt\u00e9raire<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>vita<\/em> \u2192 <em>vitaccia<\/em><br><em>vie : vie difficile, sale vie<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>tempo<\/em> \u2192 <em>tempaccio<\/em><br><em>temps : sale temps, temps pourri<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>ragazzo<\/em> \u2192 <em>ragazzaccio<\/em><br><em>gar\u00e7on : mauvais gar\u00e7on, voyou<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>parola<\/em> \u2192 <em>parolaccia<\/em><br><em>mot : gros mot, grossi\u00e8ret\u00e9<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>amore<\/em> \u2192 <em>amorazzo<\/em><br><em>amour : amourette m\u00e9diocre, flirt sans substance<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>-astro \/ -astra<\/strong> exprime l&#8217;imitation imparfaite, la ressemblance approch\u00e9e :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>verde<\/em> \u2192 <em>verdastro<\/em><br><em>vert : verd\u00e2tre, vert terne<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>bianco<\/em> \u2192 <em>biancastro<\/em><br><em>blanc : blanch\u00e2tre<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>poeta<\/em> \u2192 <em>poetastro<\/em><br><em>po\u00e8te : mauvais po\u00e8te, rimailleur<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>medico<\/em> \u2192 <em>medicastro<\/em><br><em>m\u00e9decin : charlatan<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 noter : les suffixes <strong>-iccio<\/strong> et <strong>-ognolo<\/strong> expriment une couleur att\u00e9nu\u00e9e et souvent peu flatteuse :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>malato<\/em> \u2192 <em>malaticcio<\/em><br><em>malade : maladif, toujours un peu patraque<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>sudato<\/em> \u2192 <em>sudaticcio<\/em><br><em>en sueur : moite, l\u00e9g\u00e8rement transpirant<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>verde<\/em> \u2192 <em>verdognolo<\/em><br><em>vert : verd\u00e2tre, verdeur peu app\u00e9tissante<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"changement-genre\">Le changement de genre : un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne sans \u00e9quivalent fran\u00e7ais<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici le trait que les francophones trouvent le plus d\u00e9routant : certains suffixes italiens peuvent faire changer de genre le nom de base. En fran\u00e7ais, il n&#8217;existe aucun m\u00e9canisme comparable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avec <strong>-ino<\/strong> et <strong>-one<\/strong>, un nom f\u00e9minin peut passer au masculin :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>una finestra<\/em> (F) \u2192 <em>un finestrino<\/em> (M)<br><em>une fen\u00eatre : le carreau de vitre (voiture\/train)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>una barca<\/em> (F) \u2192 <em>un barcone<\/em> (M)<br><em>une barque : une grande barge<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>una donna<\/em> (F) \u2192 <em>un donnone<\/em> (M)<br><em>une femme : une grande femme forte<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>una testa<\/em> (F) \u2192 <em>un testone<\/em> (M)<br><em>une t\u00eate : une grosse t\u00eate (fig. : t\u00eatu)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>una stanza<\/em> (F) \u2192 <em>uno stanzone<\/em> (M)<br><em>une pi\u00e8ce : une grande salle<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important : quand le genre change, le r\u00e9sultat est souvent un terme lexicalis\u00e9 avec un sens sp\u00e9cifique. <em>Finestrino<\/em> n&#8217;est pas simplement \u00abune petite fen\u00eatre\u00bb : c&#8217;est le terme pr\u00e9cis pour le carreau d&#8217;un v\u00e9hicule. Il faut le m\u00e9moriser comme un mot ind\u00e9pendant.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-callout-genre\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:16px 24px\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>R\u00e8gle pratique.<\/strong> Quand un suffixe alteratif fait passer un nom f\u00e9minin au masculin, v\u00e9rifiez si le sens a chang\u00e9 : <em>una foglia<\/em> \u2192 <em>un foglio<\/em> (feuille de papier), <em>una tazza<\/em> \u2192 <em>un tazzone<\/em> (grand bol), <em>una bottiglia<\/em> \u2192 <em>un bottiglione<\/em> (grande bouteille). Dans ces cas, m\u00e9morisez le terme alterato comme un mot nouveau.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faux-alteres\">Les faux alt\u00e9r\u00e9s : le pi\u00e8ge classique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains mots italiens ressemblent \u00e0 des formes alt\u00e9r\u00e9es, mais ne sont PAS des d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de la base apparente. Ce sont les <strong>falsi alterati<\/strong> (faux alt\u00e9r\u00e9s), et les confondre conduit \u00e0 des erreurs d&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e8gle de v\u00e9rification est simple : si le mot a un sens propre autonome, ind\u00e9pendant de la base suppos\u00e9e, c&#8217;est un faux alt\u00e9r\u00e9. La Treccani (Enciclopedia dell&#8217;italiano) en donne une liste canonique dans sa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/alterazione\/\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">voce Alterazione<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>tacchino<\/em> : pas un \u00abpetit tacco\u00bb (talon de chaussure)<br><em>dinde\/dindon : origine dialectale lombarde, sans rapport avec le talon<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>focaccia<\/em> : pas une \u00abmauvaise foca\u00bb (phoque)<br><em>fouace, pain plat : du latin focacius, cuit sur le foyer<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>mattino<\/em> : pas d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de \u00abmatto\u00bb (fou)<br><em>matin : du latin matutinum<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>bottone<\/em> : pas un \u00abgrand botto\u00bb (coup)<br><em>bouton de couture : du vieux proven\u00e7al boton<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>lampone<\/em> : pas d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de \u00ablampa\u00bb (lampe)<br><em>framboise : \u00e9tymologie dialectale incertaine<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>fumetto<\/em> : pas un \u00abpetit fumo\u00bb au sens fonctionnel<br><em>bande dessin\u00e9e : du ballon de parole (sens lexicalis\u00e9)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>fattorino<\/em> : pas un \u00abpetit fattore\u00bb au sens moderne<br><em>coursier, livreur : d\u00e9riv\u00e9 historique autonome<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>rosone<\/em> : pas une \u00abgrande rosa\u00bb de fleuriste<br><em>rosace architecturale : terme technique d&#8217;atelier<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>mulino<\/em> : pas un \u00abpetit mulo\u00bb (mulet)<br><em>moulin : du latin molinum<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En revanche, ces formes sont de VRAIS alt\u00e9r\u00e9s :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>taschino<\/em> (\u2190 tasca) : vraie petite poche de veste<br><em>petite poche<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>borsettina<\/em> (\u2190 borsa \u2192 borsetta) : tr\u00e8s petit sac<br><em>minaudi\u00e8re<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>ombrellino<\/em> (\u2190 ombrello) : petit parasol<br><em>petite ombrelle<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pragmatique\">La dimension pragmatique des suffixes italiens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au-del\u00e0 de la dimension (grand\/petit) et du jugement (bon\/mauvais), les suffixes italiens ont une troisi\u00e8me fonction : modifier la force illocutoire d&#8217;un \u00e9nonc\u00e9. On distingue trois usages pragmatiques principaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le diminutivo sociale<\/strong> : pour adoucir une demande ou att\u00e9nuer un ordre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>Sta&#8217; fermo un attimino.<\/em><br><em>Reste tranquille un tout petit instant.<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>\u00c8 possibile avere uno sconticino?<\/em><br><em>Ce serait possible d&#8217;avoir un petit rabais ?<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>Mi d\u00e0 un aiutino?<\/em><br><em>Vous me donnez un petit coup de main ?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le diminutivo di modestia<\/strong> : pour minimiser en apparence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>Ho una casettina con piscina a Montecarlo.<\/em><br><em>J&#8217;ai une toute petite maison avec piscine \u00e0 Monaco.<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>\u00c8 solo un piccolo regalino.<\/em><br><em>C&#8217;est juste un tout petit cadeau.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Il diminutivo ironico<\/strong> : pour exprimer le contraire de la petitesse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><em>Ha un caratterino!<\/em><br><em>Il\/elle a du caract\u00e8re ! (bien trop, en r\u00e9alit\u00e9)<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>Che problemino!<\/em><br><em>Quel probl\u00e8me ! (en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9norme, dit avec ironie)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette couche pragmatique est absente du fran\u00e7ais, o\u00f9 \u00abun petit probl\u00e8me\u00bb reste sinc\u00e8rement petit. En italien, l&#8217;interpr\u00e9tation d\u00e9pend enti\u00e8rement du ton et du contexte : une comp\u00e9tence que l&#8217;on acquiert \u00e0 C1 et qui marque le passage du locuteur comp\u00e9tent au locuteur authentique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Tableau r\u00e9capitulatif des suffixes italiens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Suffixe<\/th><th>Valeur principale<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><th>Traduction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>-ino \/ -ina<\/td><td>Diminutif le plus productif<\/td><td>ragazzo \u2192 ragazzino<\/td><td>gamin, petit gar\u00e7on<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-etto \/ -etta<\/td><td>Diminutif \u00e9l\u00e9gant, neutre<\/td><td>camera \u2192 cameretta<\/td><td>petite chambre<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-ello \/ -ella<\/td><td>Diminutif (l\u00e9g\u00e8rement d\u00e9pr\u00e9c.)<\/td><td>vento \u2192 venticello<\/td><td>petite brise<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-uccio \/ -uccia<\/td><td>Affectueux ou p\u00e9joratif l\u00e9ger<\/td><td>caldo \u2192 calduccio<\/td><td>petite chaleur douce<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-otto \/ -otta<\/td><td>Jeunes animaux, att\u00e9nuatif<\/td><td>orso \u2192 orsacchiotto<\/td><td>ourson<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-one \/ -ona<\/td><td>Augmentatif (unique suffixe standard)<\/td><td>libro \u2192 librone<\/td><td>gros livre, pav\u00e9<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-acchione<\/td><td>Augmentatif ironique\/affectueux<\/td><td>furbo \u2192 furbacchione<\/td><td>sacr\u00e9 petit malin<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-accio \/ -accia<\/td><td>P\u00e9joratif (toscano-romain)<\/td><td>tempo \u2192 tempaccio<\/td><td>sale temps<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-azzo \/ -azza<\/td><td>P\u00e9joratif (nord\/sud)<\/td><td>amore \u2192 amorazzo<\/td><td>amourette sans valeur<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-astro \/ -astra<\/td><td>Imitation imparfaite<\/td><td>verde \u2192 verdastro<\/td><td>verd\u00e2tre<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-iccio \/ -ognolo<\/td><td>Couleur att\u00e9nu\u00e9e, \u00e9tat chronique<\/td><td>malato \u2192 malaticcio<\/td><td>maladif, toujours patraque<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue en contexte (C1) : \u00e0 l&#8217;enoteca<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-enoteca\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border:1px solid #dddddd;border-radius:10px;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:28px;padding:20px 24px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contesto :<\/strong> Una enoteca a Verona. Camilla, la titolare, aiuta Lorenzo a scegliere un vino per una cena importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83e\uddd4 <strong>Lorenzo :<\/strong> <em>Buongiorno! Cerco qualcosa di speciale per stasera : non un vinello qualsiasi, ma neanche un librone di etichette incomprensibili.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69 <strong>Camilla :<\/strong> <em>Capisco perfettamente. Mi descriva un po&#8217; la serata : un cenino intimo o una tavolata?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83e\uddd4 <strong>Lorenzo :<\/strong> <em>Cinque persone, ma con gusti molto diversi. C&#8217;\u00e8 anche uno che di vino capisce un problemino : dice sempre \u00abva bene qualsiasi cosa\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69 <strong>Camilla :<\/strong> <em>Un attimino : ho proprio quello che fa per lei. Questo Amarone ha un caratterino, ma \u00e8 accessibile. Fruttato, non pesantone, con un finale lungo.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83e\uddd4 <strong>Lorenzo :<\/strong> <em>Interessante. E quel barcone di bottiglia da tre litri : \u00e8 per intenditori o per furbacchioni?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69 <strong>Camilla :<\/strong> <em>Quello \u00e8 per le grandi tavolate : un librone nel senso buono. Per cinque persone consiglio una bottiglia normale. Il prezzo? Un regalino, quasi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83e\uddd4 <strong>Lorenzo :<\/strong> <em>Prendo due allora. E mi fa anche uno sconticino, visto che sono un cliente affezionatissimo?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69 <strong>Camilla :<\/strong> <em>Un caratterino anche lei! Va bene : cinque euro di sconto. Ma non lo dica ai miei altri clientoni.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Alterati dans ce dialogue :<\/strong> <em>vinello<\/em> (dim. p\u00e9joratif) \u00b7 <em>librone<\/em> (accr. : gros volume) \u00b7 <em>cenino<\/em> (dim. affectif) \u00b7 <em>tavolata<\/em> (augmentatif) \u00b7 <em>problemino<\/em> (dim. ironique) \u00b7 <em>attimino<\/em> (dim. social) \u00b7 <em>caratterino<\/em> (dim. ironique) \u00b7 <em>pesantone<\/em> (accr. p\u00e9joratif) \u00b7 <em>barcone<\/em> (accr.) \u00b7 <em>furbacchione<\/em> (accr. affectueux) \u00b7 <em>regalino<\/em> (dim. modestia) \u00b7 <em>sconticino<\/em> (dim. social) \u00b7 <em>clientoni<\/em> (accr. affectueux).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-minidefi-suffixes\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#fffaf2;border:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:14px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:18px 22px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice :<\/strong> Identifiez la valeur de chaque alterato du dialogue (diminutif affectif \/ diminutif social \/ diminutif ironique \/ augmentatif \/ p\u00e9joratif). Pour chaque mot, pr\u00e9cisez si le sens de base change ou reste identique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li>un <em>cenino<\/em> intimo<\/li>\n  <li>capisce un <em>problemino<\/em><\/li>\n  <li>un <em>attimino<\/em><\/li>\n  <li>un <em>caratterino<\/em><\/li>\n  <li><em>clientoni<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details>\n<summary>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/summary>\n<ol>\n  <li><em>cenino<\/em> : diminutif affectif de <em>cena<\/em>. Sens identique mais tonalit\u00e9 chaleureuse, intime.<\/li>\n  <li><em>problemino<\/em> : diminutif ironique. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un manque total de connaissance. Le sens est invers\u00e9 par l&#8217;ironie.<\/li>\n  <li><em>attimino<\/em> : diminutif social de <em>attimo<\/em>. Adoucit la demande de patience. Usage purement pragmatique.<\/li>\n  <li><em>caratterino<\/em> : diminutif ironique. Signifie \u00abbeaucoup trop de caract\u00e8re\u00bb. Valeur inverse \u00e0 la petitesse affich\u00e9e.<\/li>\n  <li><em>clientoni<\/em> : augmentatif affectueux de <em>cliente<\/em>. Grands clients fid\u00e8les, ton complice.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Teste ta compr\u00e9hension<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e9rifiez votre ma\u00eetrise des suffixes italiens avant de passer \u00e0 la suite.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-suffixes\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#f4f5f6;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;padding:22px 28px\">\n\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_42\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Temps limite: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">R&eacute;capitulatif du quiz<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Terminer le quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Terminer le quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Commencer le quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Chargement du quiz...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Quiz d&rsquo;italien gratuit<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">&laquo;&nbsp;Les suffixes italiens : -ino, -etto, -one, -accio&nbsp;&raquo;<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Inscrivez-vous gratuitement pour faire ce quiz et acc&eacute;der en avant-premi&egrave;re aux nouvelles le&ccedil;ons d&rsquo;italien.\n        <\/p>\n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/fr\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F217\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continuer avec Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/fr\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F217\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continuer avec Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>ou<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"4f6541a9c4\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"votre adresse e-mail\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Nom complet<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Votre nom complet\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Entrez un mot de passe\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    J'accepte les <a href=\"\/fr\/conditions-utilisation\/\" target=\"_blank\">Conditions<\/a> et <a href=\"\/fr\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\" target=\"_blank\">Politique de confidentialit\u00e9<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continuer<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continuer',\n            signIn: 'Se connecter',\n            createAccount: 'Cr\u00e9er un compte',\n            enterPassword: 'Entrez un mot de passe',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Entrez votre mot de passe',\n            choosePassword: 'Choisissez un mot de passe s\u00fbr',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'L\\'e-mail et le mot de passe sont obligatoires',\n            nameRequired: 'Le nom complet est obligatoire',\n            acceptTerms: 'Veuillez accepter les Conditions et la Politique de confidentialit\u00e9',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Traitement en cours...',\n            success: 'Parfait ! Redirection en cours...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    Vous avez obtenu <span>0<\/span> points sur <span>0<\/span>, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Cat&eacute;gories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"88\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Choix de phrases : les suffixes<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"87\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Texte \u00e0 trous : les suffixes alt\u00e9ratifs<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 &#8211; 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 &#8211; 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 &#8211; 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/quattro-chiacchiere\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 &#8211; 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/quattro-chiacchiere\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">R&eacute;pondue<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Marqu&eacute;e<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Marquer la question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Texte &#224; trous&nbsp;: les suffixes al\u0442&#233;ratifs<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Per ogni frase, scegli la forma con il suffisso giusto in base alla sfumatura del contesto.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Contesto.<\/strong> Valentina e Riccardo lavorano in una legatoria a Lecce. Nei loro scambi quotidiani emergono alterati di ogni tipo: diminutivi, accrescitivi, vezzeggiativi e qualche falso alterato.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"168\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>La veterinaria di Lecce ha visitato un (gattino, gattone, gattaccio) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(gattino)<\/span><\/span> ancora sordo e incerto sui passi.<br><em>Le v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Lecce a examin\u00e9 un petit chaton de trois semaines, encore sourd et incertain sur ses pattes.<\/em><\/li><li>Valentina ha trovato in una bancarella il romanzo di quell' (autorcino, autoritario, autorello) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(autorello)<\/span><\/span> che non vende una copia da cinque anni.<br><em>Valentina a trouv\u00e9 sur un \u00e9tal le roman de cet auteur sans envergure qui ne vend plus une copie depuis cinq ans.<\/em><\/li><li>In quella legatoria di Lecce c'era un (caldone, calduccio, caldaccio) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(calduccio)<\/span><\/span> piacevole che invitava a restare a sfogliare libri.<br><em>Dans cette reliure de Lecce r\u00e9gnait une bonne chaleur douillette qui donnait envie de rester feuilleter les livres.<\/em><\/li><li>Riccardo da bambino rincorreva il (pallone, pallino, pallaccia) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(pallone)<\/span><\/span> sul campetto vicino alla legatoria fino al tramonto.<br><em>Enfant, Riccardo courait derri\u00e8re le ballon sur le terrain vague pr\u00e8s de la reliure jusqu'au coucher du soleil.<\/em><\/li><li>Valentina ha appoggiato la sua elegante (borsazza, borsona, borsetta) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(borsetta)<\/span><\/span> di pelle sul banco dell'ottico di Lecce.<br><em>Valentina a pos\u00e9 son \u00e9l\u00e9gant petit sac en cuir sur le comptoir de l'opticien de Lecce.<\/em><\/li><li>Un (ventone, venticello, ventino) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(venticello)<\/span><\/span> fresco attraversava il teatro di Lecce durante le prove serali.<br><em>Une petite brise fra\u00eeche traversait le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de Lecce pendant les r\u00e9p\u00e9titions du soir.<\/em><\/li><li>Riccardo disse alla cliente: \u00abAspetti un (attimone, attimaccio, attimino) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(attimino)<\/span><\/span> per favore: sto cercando il suo ordine\u00bb.<br><em>Riccardo dit \u00e0 la cliente : \u00abUn tout petit instant, s'il vous pla\u00eet, je cherche votre commande.\u00bb<\/em><\/li><li>Il (postino, postaccio, posticino) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(postino)<\/span><\/span> del quartiere di Trieste passa sempre alle undici con la sua sacca di cuoio.<br><em>Le facteur du quartier de Trieste passe toujours \u00e0 onze heures avec sa sacoche en cuir.<\/em><\/li><li>Pietro ha stappato un (vinone, vinello, vinetto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(vinello)<\/span><\/span> locale da tavola, fresco e onesto senza pretese.<br><em>Pietro a d\u00e9bouch\u00e9 un modeste petit vin de table local, frais et honn\u00eate sans pr\u00e9tention.<\/em><\/li><li>Nella libreria antiquaria di Trieste Pietro ha trovato una raccolta rara di (fumetti, fumacci, fumicci) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(fumetti)<\/span><\/span> degli anni Quaranta.<br><em>Dans la librairie ancienne de Trieste, Pietro a trouv\u00e9 une rare collection de bandes dessin\u00e9es des ann\u00e9es quarante.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>10 su 10. Ottima padronanza del sistema degli alterati italiani.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>Regola&nbsp;:<\/strong> il <strong>contesto<\/strong> decide il suffisso. <strong>-ino<\/strong> = piccolo + affetto (gattino, attimino per ammorbidire richieste) ; <strong>-etto<\/strong> = piccolo + eleganza (borsetta, bacetto) ; <strong>-ello<\/strong> = piccolo con sfumatura leggermente spregiativa (autorello, vinello) o neutra (venticello) ; <strong>-uccio<\/strong> = vezzeggiativo ambiguo (calduccio piacevole) ; <strong>-one<\/strong> = grande, talvolta con cambio di genere (la palla &rarr; il pallone) ; <strong>falso alterato<\/strong> = parola autonoma nel dizionario (postino, fumetto, mattino).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Forme corrette&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>un gattino<\/em> &bull; petit chaton (affectueux)<\/li>\n<li><em>un autorello<\/em> &bull; auteur sans envergure (-ello l&#233;g&#232;rement d&#233;pr&#233;ciatif)<\/li>\n<li><em>un calduccio<\/em> &bull; bonne chaleur douillette (vezzeggiativo -uccio)<\/li>\n<li><em>il pallone<\/em> &bull; ballon (la palla &rarr; il pallone : changement de genre)<\/li>\n<li><em>la borsetta<\/em> &bull; le sac &agrave; main (-etto + &#233;l&#233;gance)<\/li>\n<li><em>un venticello<\/em> &bull; petite brise (-icello, variante de -ello)<\/li>\n<li><em>un attimino<\/em> &bull; un tout petit instant (diminutivo sociale)<\/li>\n<li><em>il postino<\/em> &bull; le facteur (faux alt&#233;r&#233; : mot autonome)<\/li>\n<li><em>un vinello<\/em> &bull; un modeste petit vin (-ello l&#233;g&#232;rement d&#233;pr&#233;ciatif)<\/li>\n<li><em>i fumetti<\/em> &bull; les bandes dessin&#233;es (faux alt&#233;r&#233; : mot autonome)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Lessico&nbsp;:<\/strong> legatoria = reliure &middot; bancarella = &#233;tal de march&#233; &middot; ottico = opticien &middot; campetto = petit terrain de sport &middot; sacca di cuoio = sacoche en cuir &middot; libreria antiquaria = librairie ancienne<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Indice<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>La sfumatura decide il suffisso&nbsp;:<\/strong> piccolo + affetto &rarr; <strong>-ino<\/strong> ; piccolo + eleganza &rarr; <strong>-etto<\/strong> ; piccolo + tono leggermente svalutativo &rarr; <strong>-ello<\/strong> ; calore o sensazione piacevole\/attenuata &rarr; <strong>-uccio<\/strong> ; grande \/ con possibile cambio di genere &rarr; <strong>-one<\/strong> ; parola con significato proprio fisso nel dizionario &rarr; <strong>falso alterato<\/strong> (non modificarla con un suffisso).<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Indice\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"V&eacute;rifier\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Suivant\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choix de phrases&nbsp;: les suffixes<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>In ogni gruppo, seleziona l&#39;unica frase corretta.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Contesto.<\/strong> Caterina e Pietro discutono di parole ascoltate a Trieste. In ogni gruppo, una sola frase usa correttamente gli alterati.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"169\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> L'autorello di quel romanzo ha ricevuto una borsa di studio prestigiosa a Trieste.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> L'autore di quel romanzo ha ricevuto una borsa di studio prestigiosa a Trieste.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> L'autorino di quel romanzo ha ricevuto una borsa di studio prestigiosa a Trieste.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> La finestrona del treno era appannata e Caterina non riusciva a vedere il mare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> La finestrinna del treno era appannata e Caterina non riusciva a vedere il mare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Il finestrino del treno era appannato e Caterina non riusciva a vedere il mare.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Caterina preferisce studiare di mattino, quando la libreria di Trieste \u00e8 ancora silenziosa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Caterina preferisce studiare di mattinino, quando la libreria di Trieste \u00e8 ancora silenziosa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Caterina preferisce studiare di mattone, quando la libreria di Trieste \u00e8 ancora silenziosa.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Pietro ha suggerito al nipote di scambiarsi un baccione, non un bacio formale.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Pietro ha suggerito al nipote di scambiarsi un baccetto, non un bacio formale.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Pietro ha suggerito al nipote di scambiarsi un bacetto, non un bacio formale.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Il cielo sopra Trieste aveva un colore biancaccio, quasi lattiginoso, tipico dei giorni di bora.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Il cielo sopra Trieste aveva un colore biancone, quasi lattiginoso, tipico dei giorni di bora.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_42_169\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Il cielo sopra Trieste aveva un colore biancastro, quasi lattiginoso, tipico dei giorni di bora.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>5 su 5. Eccellente controllo degli alterati e dei falsi alterati.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>Regola&nbsp;:<\/strong> cinque trappole classiche del sistema degli alterati&nbsp;: (1) <strong>-ello<\/strong> in contesti positivi su persone suona irrispettoso (autorello in un contesto positivo = errore di registro) ; (2) la <strong>finestra<\/strong> (F) + <strong>-ino<\/strong> &rarr; il <strong>finestrino<\/strong> (M): cambio di genere obbligatorio ; (3) <strong>mattino<\/strong> &egrave; un falso alterato (= matin), non il piccolo di &#8220;matto&#8221; ; (4) <strong>bacetto<\/strong> (bacio + -etto) si scrive con una sola c ; (5) <strong>biancastro<\/strong> &egrave; l&#39;unico suffisso produttivo su aggettivi di colore (-accio e -one non si usano normalmente su aggettivi di colore).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Frasi corrette&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>L&#39;autore di quel romanzo ha ricevuto una borsa di studio.<\/em> &bull; autore invariato in contesti positivi<\/li>\n<li><em>Il finestrino del treno era appannato.<\/em> &bull; finestra (F) + -ino &rarr; finestrino (M)<\/li>\n<li><em>Caterina preferisce studiare di mattino.<\/em> &bull; mattino = falso alterato (parola autonoma)<\/li>\n<li><em>Pietro ha suggerito di scambiarsi un bacetto.<\/em> &bull; bacetto = bacio + -etto (una sola c)<\/li>\n<li><em>Il cielo aveva un colore biancastro.<\/em> &bull; -astro su aggettivo colore = qualit&#224; attenuata\/approssimativa<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Lessico&nbsp;:<\/strong> borsa di studio = bourse d&#39;&#233;tude &middot; finestrino = vitre du train &middot; appannato = embu&#233; &middot; bacetto = petite bise l&#233;g&#232;re &middot; biancastro = bl&#226;ch&#226;tre &middot; bora = vent du nord-est (Trieste)<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Indice<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Tre regole chiave&nbsp;: (1) non usare <strong>-ello<\/strong> su persone in contesti positivi o formali ; (2) la finestra + <strong>-ino<\/strong> = il finestrino: il genere cambia con -ino ; (3) <strong>mattino<\/strong>, <strong>postino<\/strong>, <strong>fumetto<\/strong> non sono alterati di &#8220;matto&#8221;, &#8220;posto&#8221;, &#8220;fumo&#8221;: sono parole autonome.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; 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Le suffixe -ino est le plus libre : il s&#8217;attache \u00e0 pratiquement n&#8217;importe quelle base, m\u00eame avec une voyelle finale. Il existe quelques restrictions phonologiques mineures et des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences r\u00e9gionales, mais dans l&#8217;ensemble l&#8217;alterazione est un syst\u00e8me ouvert. Les verbes s&#8217;alt\u00e8rent aussi, mais avec des suffixes sp\u00e9cifiques (-icchiare, -acchiare, -ettare) qui expriment la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition ou l&#8217;att\u00e9nuation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Qu&#8217;est-ce qu&#8217;un faux alt\u00e9r\u00e9 (falso alterato) ? Comment le reconna\u00eetre ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Un falso alterato est un mot qui ressemble \u00e0 un alterato mais qui a un sens propre autonome, non d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de la base apparente. Exemples : tacchino (dinde) n&#8217;est pas un petit tacco (talon) ; focaccia ne vient pas de foca (phoque) ; mattino (matin) ne d\u00e9rive pas de matto (fou). La r\u00e8gle : si le mot a un sens fixe dans le dictionnaire, ind\u00e9pendant de la base suppos\u00e9e, c&#8217;est un faux alt\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Pourquoi finestrino est-il masculin alors que finestra est f\u00e9minin ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Certains suffixes, notamment -ino et -one, peuvent entra\u00eener un changement de genre. Una finestra (F) donne un finestrino (M), una barca donne un barcone, una donna donne un donnone. Ce n&#8217;est pas une r\u00e8gle absolue. Quand le genre change, le r\u00e9sultat est souvent un terme lexicalis\u00e9 avec un sens sp\u00e9cifique : il faut le m\u00e9moriser comme un mot ind\u00e9pendant.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre -ino et -etto en pratique ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>-ino et -etto sont largement interchangeables pour les diminutifs courants, mais avec des nuances. -ino est le plus productif et le plus neutre, \u00e0 tonalit\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement enfantine ou affective. -etto tend vers une \u00e9l\u00e9gance et une finesse : borsetta (sac \u00e0 main) sonne plus raffin\u00e9 que borsina. Il y a aussi une variation r\u00e9gionale : la Toscane pr\u00e9f\u00e8re -ino, la V\u00e9n\u00e9tie -etto, le Mezzogiorno -ello. En cas de doute, -ino est le choix le plus s\u00fbr.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Comment utiliser les diminutifs de politesse en italien ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>C&#8217;est le diminutivo sociale. Dans la langue parl\u00e9e famili\u00e8re, on adoucit une demande en utilisant un diminutif : Sta fermo un attimino (attimo) pour demander patience, uno sconticino (sconto) pour un rabais, un aiutino (aiuto) pour un coup de main. Cette pratique n&#8217;a pas d&#8217;\u00e9quivalent structurel en fran\u00e7ais : en fran\u00e7ais on utilise des formules syntaxiques de politesse, en italien on r\u00e9duit symboliquement la taille de l&#8217;objet demand\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">-accio est-il toujours p\u00e9joratif ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral oui, mais le contexte peut nuancer la valeur. Dans des contextes familiaux ou affectueux, -accio peut exprimer la complicit\u00e9 ou la taquinerie bienveillante plut\u00f4t que le vrai m\u00e9pris. En revanche, libraccio (mauvais livre), vitaccia (sale vie), tempaccio (sale temps) sont nettement p\u00e9joratifs. La variante -azzo est plus fr\u00e9quente dans le Nord et le Mezzogiorno ; -accio est plus toscan et romain.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Pour aller plus loin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/expressions-idiomatiques-italiennes\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">50 expressions idiomatiques italiennes \u00e0 conna\u00eetre<\/a> : les expressions fig\u00e9es utilisent souvent des formes alt\u00e9r\u00e9es lexicalis\u00e9es<\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/adjectifs-italiens\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">Les adjectifs en italien : accord et place<\/a> : les adjectifs aussi s&#8217;alt\u00e8rent avec -ino, -one et -astro<\/li>\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/apprendre-italien-gratuitement\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">Apprendre l&#8217;italien gratuitement<\/a> : toutes nos ressources pour les francophones<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d En bref. Les suffixes italiens forment un syst\u00e8me vivant et productif que le fran\u00e7ais ne poss\u00e8de pas \u00e0 l&#8217;identique : avec -ino, -etto, -one ou -accio, on transforme n&#8217;importe quel nom en exprimant la taille, l&#8217;affection ou le m\u00e9pris, sans changer de mot. Ce guide complet passe en revue les suffixes italiens diminutifs, augmentatifs &#8230; <a title=\"Les suffixes italiens : -ino, -etto, -one, -accio\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/suffixes-italiens-diminutifs\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Les suffixes italiens : -ino, -etto, -one, -accio\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c1","category-non-classe","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=217"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":327,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217\/revisions\/327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}