{"id":139,"date":"2026-06-10T23:44:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T23:44:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/?p=139"},"modified":"2026-06-11T19:21:06","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T19:21:06","slug":"imparfait-ou-passe-compose-italien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/imparfait-ou-passe-compose-italien\/","title":{"rendered":"Imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en italien ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>En bref.<\/strong> En italien, choisir entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> suit exactement la m\u00eame logique qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais : l&#8217;imparfait (<em>imperfetto<\/em>) d\u00e9crit un arri\u00e8re-plan, une habitude ou une action en cours ; le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 (<em>passato prossimo<\/em>) exprime une action ponctuelle et achev\u00e9e. Vous connaissez d\u00e9j\u00e0 cette distinction. Ce guide vous montre comment l&#8217;appliquer en italien avec les bons outils et marqueurs temporels.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-imparfait\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#f4f5f6;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px 11px 11px 11px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;padding:20px 24px\">\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:20px\" id=\"toc\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:13px\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Aller \u00e0 la section<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ab2227;border-color:#ab2227\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#logique\">La m\u00eame logique qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#imperfetto\">L&#8217;imperfetto : formation et emplois<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#passato-prossimo\">Le passato prossimo : rappel rapide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#contrast\">Imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 : tableau comparatif<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mentre\">Mentre : l&#8217;arri\u00e8re-plan et l&#8217;action<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#marqueurs\">Les marqueurs temporels qui d\u00e9cident tout<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#verbes-sens\">Verbes qui changent de sens selon le temps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exercice1\">Mini-exercice 1 : quel temps choisir ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue : \u00e0 la sartoria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exercice2\">Mini-exercice 2 : arri\u00e8re-plan ou action ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet : r\u00e9capitulatif complet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exercice3\">Mini-exercice 3 : verbes \u00e0 double sens<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Teste ta compr\u00e9hension<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ab2227;border-color:#ab2227\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"logique\">La m\u00eame logique qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bonne nouvelle : la distinction <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> en italien repose sur le m\u00eame principe aspectuel qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais. Si vous savez instinctivement dire en fran\u00e7ais \u00ab il <em>travaillait<\/em> quand le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone <em>a sonn\u00e9<\/em> \u00bb, vous poss\u00e9dez d\u00e9j\u00e0 la cl\u00e9. En italien, cette m\u00eame phrase devient :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Lavorava quando il telefono ha squillato.<\/em><br><em>Il travaillait quand le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone a sonn\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> (imparfait) et le <em>passato prossimo<\/em> (pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9) fonctionnent en tandem, exactement comme leurs \u00e9quivalents fran\u00e7ais. L&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> peint le d\u00e9cor : une action en cours, une habitude, un \u00e9tat. Le <em>passato prossimo<\/em> place un \u00e9v\u00e9nement ponctuel dans ce d\u00e9cor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La vraie difficult\u00e9 pour les francophones n&#8217;est pas de choisir <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>. C&#8217;est de ma\u00eetriser l&#8217;auxiliaire (<em>avere<\/em> ou <em>essere<\/em>) du <em>passato prossimo<\/em>, et de reconna\u00eetre les marqueurs temporels qui orientent le choix. Ce guide traite les deux points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"imperfetto\">L&#8217;imperfetto : formation et emplois<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> est le temps du pass\u00e9 le plus r\u00e9gulier de l&#8217;italien. La voyelle th\u00e9matique est toujours conserv\u00e9e, et les terminaisons sont identiques pour les trois conjugaisons : <strong>-vo, -vi, -va, -vamo, -vate, -vano<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Personne<\/th><th>-are (lavorare)<\/th><th>-ere (leggere)<\/th><th>-ire (dormire)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>io<\/td><td>lavoravo<\/td><td>leggevo<\/td><td>dormivo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tu<\/td><td>lavoravi<\/td><td>leggevi<\/td><td>dormivi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>lavorava<\/td><td>leggeva<\/td><td>dormiva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>noi<\/td><td>lavoravamo<\/td><td>leggevamo<\/td><td>dormivamo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>voi<\/td><td>lavoravate<\/td><td>leggevate<\/td><td>dormivate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>loro<\/td><td>lavoravano<\/td><td>leggevano<\/td><td>dormivano<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seul <em>essere<\/em> est vraiment irr\u00e9gulier : <strong>ero, eri, era, eravamo, eravate, erano<\/strong>. Les verbes \u00e0 infinitif contract\u00e9 forment l&#8217;imparfait sur le radical long : <em>bevevo<\/em> (boire), <em>dicevo<\/em> (dire), <em>facevo<\/em> (faire).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> s&#8217;utilise dans quatre situations principales, que vous retrouverez dans n&#8217;importe quel texte narratif :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description ou \u00e9tat dans le pass\u00e9 :<\/strong> <em>I nonni di Lorenzo gestivano una piccola enoteca nel centro di Verona.<\/em><br><em>Les grands-parents de Lorenzo tenaient une petite cave \u00e0 vins dans le centre de V\u00e9rone.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Habitude ou action r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e :<\/strong> <em>Da ragazza, Silvia suonava il violino tutte le sere.<\/em><br><em>Quand elle \u00e9tait petite, Silvia jouait du violon tous les soirs.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Action en cours dans le pass\u00e9 :<\/strong> <em>Tommaso lavorava al computer quando \u00e8 arrivata la chiamata.<\/em><br><em>Tommaso travaillait sur son ordinateur quand l&#8217;appel est arriv\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Demande polie au pr\u00e9sent :<\/strong> <em>Scusi, volevo farle una domanda.<\/em><br><em>Excusez-moi, je voulais vous poser une question.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"passato-prossimo\">Le passato prossimo : rappel rapide<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <em>passato prossimo<\/em> se forme avec l&#8217;auxiliaire <em>avere<\/em> ou <em>essere<\/em> au pr\u00e9sent, suivi du participe pass\u00e9. C&#8217;est le temps de l&#8217;action accomplie, que l&#8217;on consid\u00e8re comme un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9limit\u00e9 dans le temps. Pour approfondir la formation et le choix de l&#8217;auxiliaire, consultez notre guide complet : <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/passe-compose-italien\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien (passato prossimo)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les emplois du <em>passato prossimo<\/em> sont ceux du pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais : action ponctuelle dans le pass\u00e9, r\u00e9sultat d&#8217;une action encore per\u00e7u dans le pr\u00e9sent, \u00e9v\u00e9nement qui interrompt une situation en cours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Martina ha trovato una busta chiusa tra le piante del vivaio.<\/em><br><em>Martina a trouv\u00e9 une enveloppe ferm\u00e9e parmi les plantes de la jardinerie.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Lorenzo ha conosciuto il nuovo fornaio venerd\u00ec scorso.<\/em><br><em>Lorenzo a rencontr\u00e9 le nouveau boulanger vendredi dernier.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ho chiamato la sartoria, ma non ha risposto nessuno.<\/em><br><em>J&#8217;ai appel\u00e9 l&#8217;atelier de couture, mais personne n&#8217;a r\u00e9pondu.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"contrast\">Imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en italien : le tableau comparatif<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici les oppositions essentielles \u00e0 retenir pour bien choisir entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> en italien :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Imperfetto (imparfait)<\/th><th>Passato prossimo (pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Arri\u00e8re-plan, d\u00e9cor<\/td><td>\u00c9v\u00e9nement au premier plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Action en cours, non d\u00e9limit\u00e9e<\/td><td>Action ponctuelle, achev\u00e9e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Habitude, \u00e9tat r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9<\/td><td>Fait unique ou r\u00e9sultat pr\u00e9cis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Description (c&#8217;era, aveva, era)<\/td><td>Changement (\u00e8 cambiato, \u00e8 arrivato)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marqueurs : sempre, di solito, ogni giorno, mentre, da bambino<\/td><td>Marqueurs : ieri, stamattina, una volta, all&#8217;improvviso, gi\u00e0, appena<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces deux temps se combinent souvent dans la m\u00eame phrase. Le choix entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> traduit simplement le rapport entre l&#8217;arri\u00e8re-plan et l&#8217;\u00e9v\u00e9nement : l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> est la toile de fond, le <em>passato prossimo<\/em> est ce qui survient dessus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mentre\">Mentre : l&#8217;arri\u00e8re-plan et l&#8217;action<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La conjonction <strong>mentre<\/strong> (pendant que) est la cl\u00e9 de vo\u00fbte du syst\u00e8me : elle associe presque toujours l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> dans la subordonn\u00e9e et le <em>passato prossimo<\/em> dans la principale. Cette construction est identique au fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-mientras\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border-top:1px solid #dddddd;border-bottom:1px solid #dddddd;border-radius:10px;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:28px;padding:20px 24px\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Mentre Silvia sistemava le rose in vetrina, \u00e8 entrato il primo cliente.<\/em><br><em>Pendant que Silvia disposait les roses en vitrine, le premier client est entr\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Mentre Lorenzo contava i vasi, il telefono ha squillato all&#8217;improvviso.<\/em><br><em>Pendant que Lorenzo comptait les pots, le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone a sonn\u00e9 brusquement.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Mentre Martina sistemava la vetrina, il telefono ha squillato tre volte.<\/em><br><em>Pendant que Martina arrangeait la vitrine, le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone a sonn\u00e9 trois fois.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Il vecchio fioraio stava chiudendo la cassa quando ha sentito bussare alla porta.<\/em><br><em>Le vieux fleuriste \u00e9tait en train de fermer la caisse quand il a entendu frapper \u00e0 la porte.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La structure est invariable : <em>mentre<\/em> + <strong>imperfetto<\/strong> (action en cours) et principale avec <strong>passato prossimo<\/strong> (\u00e9v\u00e9nement ponctuel). C&#8217;est exactement le sch\u00e9ma du fran\u00e7ais \u00ab pendant que + imparfait \/ principale au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"marqueurs\">Les marqueurs temporels qui d\u00e9cident tout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains marqueurs temporels orientent presque automatiquement le choix entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>. Les apprendre par c\u0153ur divise par deux les erreurs d&#8217;accord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Marqueurs de l&#8217;imperfetto<\/th><th>Marqueurs du passato prossimo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>sempre (toujours)<\/td><td>ieri (hier)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>di solito (d&#8217;habitude)<\/td><td>stamattina (ce matin)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ogni giorno\/settimana (chaque jour\/semaine)<\/td><td>una volta (une fois)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>spesso (souvent)<\/td><td>gi\u00e0 (d\u00e9j\u00e0)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>mentre (pendant que)<\/td><td>all&#8217;improvviso (tout \u00e0 coup)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>da bambino\/a (quand j&#8217;\u00e9tais enfant)<\/td><td>appena (\u00e0 peine \/ venir de)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>in quel periodo (\u00e0 cette \u00e9poque)<\/td><td>ieri sera \/ stamattina presto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tutti i giorni (tous les jours)<\/td><td>un giorno (un jour, soudain)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces marqueurs ne sont pas absolus, mais dans la tr\u00e8s grande majorit\u00e9 des cas, ils vous guideront vers le bon choix. Pour la distinction <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>, m\u00e9morisez en priorit\u00e9 : <em>mentre<\/em>, <em>sempre<\/em>, <em>di solito<\/em> orientent vers l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> ; <em>ieri<\/em>, <em>appena<\/em>, <em>all&#8217;improvviso<\/em> orientent vers le <em>passato prossimo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-callout-marqueurs\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:24px;padding:18px 22px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>\u00c0 retenir.<\/strong> Le marqueur <em>appena<\/em> est particulier : il d\u00e9clenche toujours le <em>passato prossimo<\/em> pour exprimer \u00ab venir de \u00bb (<em>Ha appena telefonato<\/em> = il vient de t\u00e9l\u00e9phoner). En revanche, <em>da bambino\/a<\/em> appelle syst\u00e9matiquement l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em>, comme \u00ab depuis que j&#8217;\u00e9tais enfant \u00bb appelle l&#8217;imparfait en fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verbes-sens\">Verbes qui changent de sens : imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains verbes italiens changent de sens selon qu&#8217;on les conjugue \u00e0 l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> ou au <em>passato prossimo<\/em>. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne existe aussi en fran\u00e7ais (\u00ab je savais \u00bb vs \u00ab j&#8217;ai su \u00bb, \u00ab je connaissais \u00bb vs \u00ab j&#8217;ai connu \u00bb) et le parall\u00e8le est direct. La question entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> devient ici une question de sens, pas seulement de temps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Verbe<\/th><th>Imperfetto<\/th><th>Passato prossimo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>sapere (savoir)<\/td><td>sapevo = je savais<\/td><td>ho saputo = j&#8217;ai appris \/ j&#8217;ai su<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>conoscere (conna\u00eetre)<\/td><td>conoscevo = je connaissais<\/td><td>ho conosciuto = j&#8217;ai rencontr\u00e9 \/ j&#8217;ai fait la connaissance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>dovere (devoir)<\/td><td>dovevo = je devais (obligation)<\/td><td>ho dovuto = j&#8217;ai d\u00fb (et je l&#8217;ai fait)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>potere (pouvoir)<\/td><td>potevo = je pouvais (capacit\u00e9)<\/td><td>ho potuto = j&#8217;ai pu (et j&#8217;ai r\u00e9ussi)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>volere (vouloir)<\/td><td>volevo = je voulais (d\u00e9sir)<\/td><td>ho voluto = j&#8217;ai voulu (et je l&#8217;ai fait)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces oppositions se voient clairement dans des paires de phrases :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Sapevo che c&#8217;era un mercato dell&#8217;usato in via Mazzini.<\/em><br>Je savais qu&#8217;il y avait un march\u00e9 de l&#8217;occasion rue Mazzini.<br><em>Stamattina ho saputo che l&#8217;hanno chiuso.<\/em><br>Ce matin j&#8217;ai appris qu&#8217;ils l&#8217;ont ferm\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><em>Conoscevo gi\u00e0 Martina di nome.<\/em><br>Je connaissais d\u00e9j\u00e0 Martina de nom.<br><em>L&#8217;ho conosciuta di persona solo ieri, alla sartoria.<\/em><br>Je l&#8217;ai rencontr\u00e9e en personne seulement hier, \u00e0 l&#8217;atelier de couture.<\/li>\n<li><em>Dovevo consegnare i fiori entro le dieci.<\/em><br>Je devais livrer les fleurs avant dix heures.<br><em>Ho dovuto chiamare un corriere all&#8217;ultimo minuto.<\/em><br>J&#8217;ai d\u00fb appeler un coursier \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re minute.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour le choix entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> avec ces verbes, posez-vous une seule question : s&#8217;agit-il d&#8217;un \u00e9tat continu ou d&#8217;un \u00e9v\u00e9nement ? \u00c9tat continu vers l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> ; \u00e9v\u00e9nement ponctuel vers le <em>passato prossimo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exercice1\">Mini-exercice 1 : quel temps choisir ?<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-mini-ex1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#fffaf2;border:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:14px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:18px 22px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice :<\/strong> Choisissez l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> ou le <em>passato prossimo<\/em> selon le contexte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando (essere) piccola, Silvia (suonare) il violino ogni giorno.<\/li>\n<li>Ieri mattina (trovare\/io) una busta chiusa sul tavolo della sartoria.<\/li>\n<li>Mentre Lorenzo (contare) i vasi, il telefono (squillare).<\/li>\n<li>(Sapere\/io) che c&#8217;era un problema, ma (non telefonare).<\/li>\n<li>Il vecchio fioraio (aprire) il negozio alle sei di mattina ogni giorno.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details>\n<summary>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/summary>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando <strong>era<\/strong> piccola, Silvia <strong>suonava<\/strong> il violino ogni giorno. (habitude + \u00e9tat)<\/li>\n<li>Ieri mattina <strong>ho trovato<\/strong> una busta chiusa sul tavolo della sartoria. (action ponctuelle, marqueur <em>ieri<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Mentre Lorenzo <strong>contava<\/strong> i vasi, il telefono <strong>ha squillato<\/strong>. (arri\u00e8re-plan + \u00e9v\u00e9nement)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sapevo<\/strong> che c&#8217;era un problema, ma <strong>non ho telefonato<\/strong>. (\u00e9tat continu + action d\u00e9limit\u00e9e)<\/li>\n<li>Il vecchio fioraio <strong>apriva<\/strong> il negozio alle sei di mattina ogni giorno. (habitude)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue : \u00e0 la sartoria<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Martina et Lorenzo se retrouvent \u00e0 l&#8217;atelier de couture de leur amie Federica. Lorenzo vient d&#8217;apprendre une nouvelle inattendue.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-sartoria\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border-top:1px solid #dddddd;border-bottom:1px solid #dddddd;border-radius:10px;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:28px;padding:20px 24px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffb <em>Lorenzo : Ieri, mentre sistemavo le stoffe in magazzino, ho sentito una notizia strana.<\/em><br><em>Lorenzo : Hier, pendant que je rangeais les tissus en r\u00e9serve, j&#8217;ai entendu une nouvelle \u00e9trange.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc <em>Martina : Che notizia? Eri preoccupato?<\/em><br><em>Martina : Quelle nouvelle ? Tu \u00e9tais inquiet ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffb <em>Lorenzo : S\u00ec. Ho saputo che Federica voleva chiudere la sartoria.<\/em><br><em>Lorenzo : Oui. J&#8217;ai appris que Federica voulait fermer l&#8217;atelier.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc <em>Martina : Davvero? Io la conoscevo gi\u00e0 da anni, ma non sapevo niente di questo progetto.<\/em><br><em>Martina : Vraiment ? Je la connaissais depuis des ann\u00e9es, mais je ne savais rien de ce projet.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffb <em>Lorenzo : Anch&#8217;io. Di solito ci parlava di tutto. Ieri per\u00f2 non ha risposto ai messaggi.<\/em><br><em>Lorenzo : Moi aussi. D&#8217;habitude elle nous parlait de tout. Hier pourtant elle n&#8217;a pas r\u00e9pondu aux messages.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc <em>Martina : Mentre aspettavo qui, ho visto che la luce del laboratorio era accesa.<\/em><br><em>Martina : Pendant que j&#8217;attendais ici, j&#8217;ai vu que la lumi\u00e8re de l&#8217;atelier \u00e9tait allum\u00e9e.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffb <em>Lorenzo : Ho bussato alla porta, ma non ha aperto nessuno. Probabilmente lavorava e non ha sentito.<\/em><br><em>Lorenzo : J&#8217;ai frapp\u00e9 \u00e0 la porte, mais personne n&#8217;a ouvert. Elle travaillait probablement et n&#8217;a pas entendu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc <em>Martina : Dobbiamo parlarle. Quando eravamo al liceo, lei ci teneva molto a questo mestiere.<\/em><br><em>Martina : Il faut lui parler. Quand nous \u00e9tions au lyc\u00e9e, ce m\u00e9tier lui tenait beaucoup \u00e0 c\u0153ur.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Observez dans ce dialogue : <em>sistemavo<\/em> (imperfetto, action en cours), <em>ho sentito<\/em> (passato prossimo, \u00e9v\u00e9nement), <em>era preoccupato<\/em> (\u00e9tat), <em>sapevo<\/em> (\u00e9tat continu), <em>ho saputo<\/em> (\u00e9v\u00e9nement ponctuel). Toutes les oppositions entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> sont pr\u00e9sentes de fa\u00e7on naturelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exercice2\">Mini-exercice 2 : arri\u00e8re-plan ou action ?<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-mini-ex2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#fffaf2;border:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:14px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:18px 22px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice :<\/strong> Identifiez dans chaque phrase le temps utilis\u00e9 et sa fonction (arri\u00e8re-plan ou action ponctuelle).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Mentre Tommaso controllava le piante del vivaio, ha trovato una busta chiusa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Da studente, Lorenzo abitava a Padova e studiava architettura.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Silvia ha ricevuto la lettera dalla libreria mentre faceva colazione.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Il fioraio portava sempre un grembiule verde, ma ieri ha indossato quello bianco.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ho dovuto chiamare un corriere perch\u00e9 il furgone era in panne.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details>\n<summary>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/summary>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>controllava<\/em> = imperfetto (arri\u00e8re-plan) \/ <em>ha trovato<\/em> = passato prossimo (\u00e9v\u00e9nement)<\/li>\n<li><em>abitava, studiava<\/em> = imperfetto (habitude et \u00e9tat pass\u00e9s)<\/li>\n<li><em>ha ricevuto<\/em> = passato prossimo (\u00e9v\u00e9nement) \/ <em>faceva<\/em> = imperfetto (arri\u00e8re-plan)<\/li>\n<li><em>portava<\/em> = imperfetto (habitude) \/ <em>ha indossato<\/em> = passato prossimo (exception ponctuelle, marqueur <em>ieri<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>Ho dovuto<\/em> = passato prossimo (j&#8217;ai d\u00fb : obligation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e) \/ <em>era<\/em> = imperfetto (\u00e9tat, cause)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet : r\u00e9capitulatif complet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce tableau r\u00e9sume tout ce qu&#8217;il faut savoir pour choisir entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> en italien. Gardez-le \u00e0 port\u00e9e de main quand vous pratiquez l&#8217;\u00e9crit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Crit\u00e8re<\/th><th>Imperfetto<\/th><th>Passato prossimo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Aspect<\/td><td>Inaccompli, en cours, non d\u00e9limit\u00e9<\/td><td>Accompli, ponctuel, d\u00e9limit\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fonction narrative<\/td><td>Arri\u00e8re-plan, d\u00e9cor, description<\/td><td>Premier plan, \u00e9v\u00e9nement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Habitude<\/td><td>Oui : andavo, lavoravo<\/td><td>Non (sauf exception)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marqueurs typiques<\/td><td>sempre, di solito, mentre, ogni\u2026<\/td><td>ieri, appena, all&#8217;improvviso, gi\u00e0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sapere \/ conoscere<\/td><td>\u00c9tat (sapevo, conoscevo)<\/td><td>\u00c9v\u00e9nement (ho saputo, ho conosciuto)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dovere \/ potere<\/td><td>Obligation ou capacit\u00e9 th\u00e9orique<\/td><td>Obligation ou capacit\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00c9quivalent FR<\/td><td>Imparfait<\/td><td>Pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fa\u00e7on simple de v\u00e9rifier votre choix entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> : traduisez mentalement la phrase en fran\u00e7ais. Imparfait en fran\u00e7ais vers <em>imperfetto<\/em> en italien ; pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais vers <em>passato prossimo<\/em> en italien. Cette r\u00e8gle fonctionne dans plus de 90 % des cas.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-callout-differenze\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"border:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:24px;padding:18px 22px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Diff\u00e9rence cl\u00e9 avec le fran\u00e7ais.<\/strong> L&#8217;italien du Nord pr\u00e9f\u00e8re presque toujours le <em>passato prossimo<\/em> l\u00e0 o\u00f9 certains locuteurs du Midi fran\u00e7ais useraient du pass\u00e9 simple. Pour un francophone, cela ne pose aucun probl\u00e8me car le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais correspond directement. En revanche, l&#8217;accord du participe pass\u00e9 avec <em>essere<\/em> est un point \u00e0 surveiller : <em>Silvia \u00e8 arrivata<\/em> (et non <em>arrivato<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-mini-ex3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#fffaf2;border:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:14px;margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:25px;padding:18px 22px\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice :<\/strong> Choisissez la forme correcte parmi <em>sapevo\/ho saputo<\/em>, <em>conoscevo\/ho conosciuto<\/em> ou <em>dovevo\/ho dovuto<\/em> selon le sens de la phrase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quand j&#8217;ai vu la facture, j&#8217;ai appris que le tissu co\u00fbtait le double. \u2192 Quando ho visto la fattura, ______ che il tessuto costava il doppio.<\/li>\n<li>Je connaissais d\u00e9j\u00e0 ce quartier de Mod\u00e8ne depuis mon enfance. \u2192 ______ gi\u00e0 quel quartiere di Modena fin dall&#8217;infanzia.<\/li>\n<li>Elle devait livrer la commande avant midi, et elle l&#8217;a fait. \u2192 ______ consegnare l&#8217;ordine prima di mezzogiorno.<\/li>\n<li>J&#8217;ai rencontr\u00e9 la nouvelle g\u00e9rante de l&#8217;\u00e9noteca hier soir. \u2192 ______ la nuova titolare dell&#8217;enoteca ieri sera.<\/li>\n<li>Je savais que le march\u00e9 fermait le lundi, mais j&#8217;y suis all\u00e9 quand m\u00eame. \u2192 ______ che il mercato chiudeva il luned\u00ec, ma ci sono andato lo stesso.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details>\n<summary>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/summary>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ho saputo<\/strong> (\u00e9v\u00e9nement : j&#8217;ai appris)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conoscevo<\/strong> (\u00e9tat continu : je connaissais)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ha dovuto<\/strong> (obligation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e : elle a d\u00fb, et elle l&#8217;a fait)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ho conosciuto<\/strong> (\u00e9v\u00e9nement : j&#8217;ai rencontr\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sapevo<\/strong> (\u00e9tat continu : je savais)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Teste ta compr\u00e9hension<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e9rifiez votre ma\u00eetrise du choix entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> en italien avec le quiz interactif.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-container\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container\" style=\"background-color:#f4f5f6;border-top:2px solid #ab2227;border-bottom:2px solid #ab2227;border-radius:11px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;padding:22px 24px\">\n\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_44\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Temps limite: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">R&eacute;capitulatif du quiz<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Terminer le quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Terminer le quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Commencer le quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Chargement du quiz...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Quiz d&rsquo;italien gratuit<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">&laquo;&nbsp;Imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en italien ?&nbsp;&raquo;<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Inscrivez-vous gratuitement pour faire ce quiz et acc&eacute;der en avant-premi&egrave;re aux nouvelles le&ccedil;ons d&rsquo;italien.\n        <\/p>\n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/fr\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F139\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continuer avec Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/fr\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F139\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continuer avec Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>ou<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"4f6541a9c4\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"votre adresse e-mail\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Nom complet<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Votre nom complet\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Entrez un mot de passe\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    J'accepte les <a href=\"\/fr\/conditions-utilisation\/\" target=\"_blank\">Conditions<\/a> et <a href=\"\/fr\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\" target=\"_blank\">Politique de confidentialit\u00e9<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continuer<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continuer',\n            signIn: 'Se connecter',\n            createAccount: 'Cr\u00e9er un compte',\n            enterPassword: 'Entrez un mot de passe',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Entrez votre mot de passe',\n            choosePassword: 'Choisissez un mot de passe s\u00fbr',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'L\\'e-mail et le mot de passe sont obligatoires',\n            nameRequired: 'Le nom complet est obligatoire',\n            acceptTerms: 'Veuillez accepter les Conditions et la Politique de confidentialit\u00e9',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Traitement en cours...',\n            success: 'Parfait ! Redirection en cours...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                          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           messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    Vous avez obtenu <span>0<\/span> points sur <span>0<\/span>, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Cat&eacute;gories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"92\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Choix de phrases : imparfait ou passe compose<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"91\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Texte a trous : imparfait ou passe compose<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Votre r&eacute;sultat &middot; 0 &agrave; 40&nbsp;%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Renfor&ccedil;ons les bases sur ce sujet.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Notre conseil.<\/strong> Un <strong>forfait de 10 le&ccedil;ons<\/strong> vous donne dix s&eacute;ances individuelles de 55 minutes avec un professeur de langue maternelle italienne, &agrave; votre rythme.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prochaine &eacute;tape sugg&eacute;r&eacute;e<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Forfait 10 le&ccedil;ons<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Cours individuel<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Forfait 10 le&ccedil;ons\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Tous niveaux<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">S&eacute;ance individuelle de 55 minutes sur Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Votre professeur natif personnel<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Supports interactifs en ligne<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Devoirs apr&egrave;s chaque le&ccedil;on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">D&eacute;couvrir le forfait 10 le&ccedil;ons &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Votre r&eacute;sultat &middot; 41 &agrave; 65&nbsp;%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Base solide. Construisons dessus.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Notre conseil.<\/strong> Un <strong>cours hebdomadaire individuel<\/strong> vous donne le rythme et le retour personnalis&eacute; pour transformer ce que vous savez en italien que vous parlez sans y penser.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prochaine &eacute;tape sugg&eacute;r&eacute;e<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Cours hebdomadaire 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Cours individuel<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Cours hebdomadaire 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Tous niveaux<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">S&eacute;ance individuelle de 55 minutes sur Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Votre professeur natif personnel<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Supports interactifs en ligne<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Devoirs apr&egrave;s chaque le&ccedil;on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">R&eacute;server un cours hebdomadaire &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Votre r&eacute;sultat &middot; 66 &agrave; 85&nbsp;%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Excellent travail. Vous &ecirc;tes pr&ecirc;t pour le groupe.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Notre conseil.<\/strong> Dans le <strong>cours en groupe Milano (A2-B1)<\/strong>, vous passez de la grammaire solide &agrave; la conversation r&eacute;elle.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prochaine &eacute;tape sugg&eacute;r&eacute;e<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Groupe Milano<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Groupe Milano\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Petits groupes, 4 &eacute;tudiants maximum<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">S&eacute;ances hebdomadaires en direct sur Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammaire, vocabulaire, &eacute;coute, &eacute;criture<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Devoirs apr&egrave;s chaque le&ccedil;on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Rejoindre le groupe Milano &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Votre r&eacute;sultat &middot; 86 &agrave; 100&nbsp;%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo&nbsp;! C&rsquo;est r&eacute;ussi.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Notre conseil.<\/strong> Rejoignez le <strong>cours en groupe Milano (A2-B1)<\/strong> pour transformer un italien correct en italien fluide.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prochaine &eacute;tape sugg&eacute;r&eacute;e<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Groupe Milano<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Groupe Milano\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Petits groupes, 4 &eacute;tudiants maximum<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">S&eacute;ances hebdomadaires en direct sur Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammaire, vocabulaire, &eacute;coute, &eacute;criture<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Devoirs apr&egrave;s chaque le&ccedil;on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Rejoindre le groupe Milano &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">R&eacute;pondue<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Marqu&eacute;e<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Marquer la question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Texte &agrave; trous : imparfait ou pass&eacute; compos&eacute;<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Compl&eacute;tez chaque phrase en conjuguant le verbe au temps indiqu&eacute; entre parenth&egrave;ses. Le contexte et les marqueurs temporels vous guident.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Contesto.<\/strong> Giulia e Davide lavorano in un vivaio di piante a Siena.<\/p>\n<p><em>Giulia et Davide travaillent dans une p\u00e9pini\u00e8re \u00e0 Sienne.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Note claviers non italiens :<\/strong> si votre clavier ne dispose pas des accents italiens, vous pouvez taper une apostrophe &agrave; la place : <code>[e&rsquo;]<\/code> pour <code>[&egrave;]<\/code>, <code>[e&rsquo; squillato]<\/code> pour <code>[&egrave; squillato]<\/code>. Le syst&egrave;me accepte les deux formes.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"86\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Da bambina Giulia (suonare - imperfetto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suonava)<\/span><\/span> il pianoforte ogni pomeriggio prima di aiutare i nonni al vivaio.<br><em>Petite, Giulia jouait du piano chaque apr\u00e8s-midi avant d'aider ses grands-parents au jardin.<\/em><\/li><li>Mentre Giulia (sistemare - imperfetto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sistemava)<\/span><\/span> le piante sul bancone, il telefono (squillare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 squillato, e' squillato)<\/span><\/span> tre volte.<br><em>Pendant que Giulia rangeait les plantes sur le comptoir, le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone a sonn\u00e9 trois fois.<\/em><\/li><li>Ieri mattina Giulia (trovare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha trovato)<\/span><\/span> una busta chiusa tra i sacchi di terriccio.<br><em>Hier matin, Giulia a trouv\u00e9 une enveloppe ferm\u00e9e parmi les sacs de terre.<\/em><\/li><li>Di solito Davide (portare - imperfetto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(portava)<\/span><\/span> il pranzo da casa quando lavorava nel magazzino del vivaio.<br><em>En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, Davide apportait son repas de chez lui quand il travaillait dans l'entrep\u00f4t.<\/em><\/li><li>Stamattina Davide (sapere - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha saputo)<\/span><\/span> che il vecchio fornitore di piante aveva chiuso il magazzino.<br><em>Ce matin, Davide a appris que l'ancien fournisseur de plantes avait ferm\u00e9 son entrep\u00f4t.<\/em><\/li><li>Quando Giulia (essere - imperfetto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(era)<\/span><\/span> piccola, i suoi nonni (gestire - imperfetto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(gestivano)<\/span><\/span> un vivaio in collina.<br><em>Quand Giulia \u00e9tait petite, ses grands-parents g\u00e9raient une p\u00e9pini\u00e8re sur les collines.<\/em><\/li><li>Mentre Davide (innaffiare - imperfetto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(innaffiava)<\/span><\/span> le piante in giardino, (cominciare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha cominciato)<\/span><\/span> a piovere forte.<br><em>Pendant que Davide arrosait les plantes dans le jardin, il a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 pleuvoir fort.<\/em><\/li><li>All'improvviso il furgone si (fermare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si \u00e8 fermato, si e' fermato)<\/span><\/span> e Giulia (dovere - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha dovuto)<\/span><\/span> chiamare un meccanico.<br><em>Soudain le camion est tomb&amp;eacute; en panne et Giulia a d&amp;ucirc; appeler un m&amp;eacute;canicien.<\/em><\/li><li>Ieri pomeriggio Davide (conoscere - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha conosciuto)<\/span><\/span> la nuova responsabile del vivaio di Ravenna.<br><em>Hier apr\u00e8s-midi, Davide a rencontr\u00e9 (pour la premi\u00e8re fois) la nouvelle responsable de la p\u00e9pini\u00e8re de Ravenna.<\/em><\/li><li>Scusi, signora, (volere - imperfetto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(volevo)<\/span><\/span> chiederle se avete rose bianche disponibili.<br><em>Excusez-moi, madame, je voulais vous demander si vous avez des roses blanches disponibles.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>10 sur 10. Vous ma&icirc;trisez parfaitement le choix entre imparfait et pass&eacute; compos&eacute;.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>R&egrave;gle :<\/strong> choisissez l&rsquo;<strong>imperfetto<\/strong> pour les habitudes (di solito, ogni giorno, sempre, da bambina) et les &eacute;tats continus ; choisissez le <strong>passato prossimo<\/strong> pour les actions ponctuelles (ieri, stamattina, all&rsquo;improvviso, appena). Avec <strong>mentre<\/strong> : imperfetto dans la subordonn&eacute;e, passato prossimo dans la principale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formes correctes :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>suonava<\/em> &bull; habitude (ogni pomeriggio)<\/li>\n<li><em>sistemava \/ &egrave; squillato<\/em> &bull; mentre : imp + PP<\/li>\n<li><em>ha trovato<\/em> &bull; azione puntuale (ieri mattina)<\/li>\n<li><em>portava<\/em> &bull; abitudine (di solito)<\/li>\n<li><em>ha saputo<\/em> &bull; apprendere = evento (stamattina)<\/li>\n<li><em>era \/ gestivano<\/em> &bull; stato + abitudine (quando era piccola)<\/li>\n<li><em>innaffiava \/ ha cominciato<\/em> &bull; mentre : imp + PP<\/li>\n<li><em>si &egrave; fermato \/ ha dovuto<\/em> &bull; eventi (all&rsquo;improvviso) ; fermarsi = riflessivo &rarr; aux essere<\/li>\n<li><em>ha conosciuto<\/em> &bull; primo incontro = evento (ieri pomeriggio)<\/li>\n<li><em>volevo<\/em> &bull; imperfetto = richiesta gentile nel presente<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Vocabulaire :<\/strong> vivaio = p&eacute;pini&egrave;re &middot; terriccio = terreau &middot; bancone = comptoir &middot; furgone = camionnette &middot; responsabile = responsable<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Indice<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Astuce cl&eacute; :<\/strong> rep&eacute;rez le marqueur temporel dans la phrase : <strong>di solito \/ ogni giorno \/ sempre \/ da bambina<\/strong> &rarr; imperfetto ; <strong>ieri \/ stamattina \/ all&rsquo;improvviso \/ appena<\/strong> &rarr; passato prossimo ; <strong>mentre<\/strong> &rarr; imperfetto dans la subordonn&eacute;e, passato prossimo dans la principale. Sabere = stato (sapevo) vs evento (ho saputo = j&rsquo;ai appris).<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Indice\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"V&eacute;rifier\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Suivant\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choix de phrases : imparfait ou pass&eacute; compos&eacute;<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Dans chaque groupe, s&eacute;lectionnez la <strong>seule phrase correcte<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Contesto.<\/strong> Giulia e Davide parlano dei loro ricordi e delle ultime novit&agrave; del vivaio.<\/p>\n<p><em>Giulia et Davide &eacute;voquent leurs souvenirs et les derni&egrave;res nouvelles de la p&eacute;pini&egrave;re.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"87\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Di solito Davide mangiava alla trattoria vicino al vivaio.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Di solito Davide ha mangiato alla trattoria vicino al vivaio.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Di solito Davide mangerebbe alla trattoria vicino al vivaio.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Mentre Giulia ha sistemato le piante, il cliente entrava.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Mentre Giulia sistemava le piante, il cliente \u00e8 entrato.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Mentre Giulia sistemava le piante, il cliente entra.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Elena sapeva che la libreria di Siena apriva la domenica.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Elena ha saputo che la libreria di Siena apriva la domenica.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Elena sapeva che la libreria di Siena ha aperto la domenica.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Davide ha dovuto pagare il conto spesso, ma non aveva contanti.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Davide ha dovuto pagare il conto all'improvviso, ma non aveva contanti.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Davide doveva pagare il conto all'improvviso, ma non aveva contanti.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Giulia ha conosciuto la sua nuova vicina solo ieri sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Giulia conosceva la sua nuova vicina solo ieri sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_44_87\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Giulia conosceva la sua nuova vicina per la prima volta ieri sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>5 sur 5. La distinction imparfait \/ pass&eacute; compos&eacute; est acquise.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>R&egrave;gle :<\/strong> <em>Di solito<\/em> impose l&rsquo;imperfetto (habitude) ; <em>mentre<\/em> + imperfetto dans la subordonn&eacute;e + passato prossimo dans la principale ; <em>sapeva<\/em> = &eacute;tat \/ <em>ha saputo<\/em> = &eacute;v&eacute;nement ; <em>all&rsquo;improvviso<\/em> d&eacute;clenche le passato prossimo ; <em>ha conosciuto<\/em> = premi&egrave;re rencontre.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phrases correctes :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>Di solito Davide mangiava alla trattoria vicino al vivaio.<\/em> &bull; habitude &rarr; imperfetto<\/li>\n<li><em>Mentre Giulia sistemava le piante, il cliente &egrave; entrato.<\/em> &bull; mentre : imp + PP<\/li>\n<li><em>Elena sapeva che la libreria di Siena apriva la domenica.<\/em> &bull; stato continuo &rarr; sapeva<\/li>\n<li><em>Davide ha dovuto pagare il conto all&rsquo;improvviso, ma non aveva contanti.<\/em> &bull; all&rsquo;improvviso + dovere realizzato &rarr; PP<\/li>\n<li><em>Giulia ha conosciuto la sua nuova vicina solo ieri sera.<\/em> &bull; primo incontro + ieri &rarr; PP<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Vocabulaire :<\/strong> trattoria = restaurant de quartier &middot; sistemare = ranger &middot; vicina = voisine &middot; libreria = librairie<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Indice<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Astuce :<\/strong> pour les trios avec <em>mentre<\/em>, v&eacute;rifiez que la subordonn&eacute;e (dopo mentre) est &agrave; l&rsquo;imperfetto et la principale au passato prossimo, pas l&rsquo;inverse. Pour <em>sapere<\/em> et <em>conoscere<\/em> : imperfetto = &eacute;tat pr&eacute;existant, passato prossimo = moment pr&eacute;cis de d&eacute;couverte ou rencontre.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Indice\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"V&eacute;rifier\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Suivant\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_44',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 44,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 15,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"91\":10,\"92\":5},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Terminer le quiz\",\n                    json: {\"86\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":86,\"catId\":91,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"suonava\"],[\"sistemava\"],[\"\\u00e8 squillato\",\"e' squillato\"],[\"ha trovato\"],[\"portava\"],[\"ha saputo\"],[\"era\"],[\"gestivano\"],[\"innaffiava\"],[\"ha cominciato\"],[\"si \\u00e8 fermato\",\"si e' fermato\"],[\"ha dovuto\"],[\"ha conosciuto\"],[\"volevo\"]]},\"87\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":87,\"catId\":92,\"points\":[1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0],\"correct\":[1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les francophones qui apprennent l&#8217;italien posent souvent les m\u00eames questions sur la distinction entre <strong>imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>. Voici les r\u00e9ponses aux cinq plus fr\u00e9quentes, issues de discussions r\u00e9elles entre apprenants et locuteurs natifs sur des forums sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre sapevo et ho saputo ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Sapevo exprime un \u00e9tat continu : je savais quelque chose depuis un moment. Ho saputo exprime un \u00e9v\u00e9nement ponctuel : j&#8217;ai appris quelque chose \u00e0 un instant pr\u00e9cis. Exemple : Sapevo gi\u00e0 che il negozio era chiuso (je savais d\u00e9j\u00e0 que le magasin \u00e9tait ferm\u00e9, \u00e9tat continu) vs Ho saputo stamattina che il negozio ha chiuso (j&#8217;ai appris ce matin que le magasin a ferm\u00e9, \u00e9v\u00e9nement). Ce parall\u00e8le existe en fran\u00e7ais : je savais vs j&#8217;ai su.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Peut-on utiliser le passato prossimo pour une habitude pass\u00e9e ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Non, en r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Une habitude pass\u00e9e s&#8217;exprime avec l&#8217;imperfetto. Andavo a scuola a piedi ogni mattina (j&#8217;allais \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cole \u00e0 pied chaque matin). En revanche, une habitude avec un nombre de fois pr\u00e9cis peut prendre le passato prossimo : Questa estate sono andato tre volte al mercato dell&#8217;usato (cet \u00e9t\u00e9 je suis all\u00e9 trois fois au march\u00e9 de l&#8217;occasion, \u00e9v\u00e9nement quantifi\u00e9).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Comment fonctionne mentre avec l&#8217;imperfetto et le passato prossimo ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Mentre (pendant que) introduit presque toujours une action en cours \u00e0 l&#8217;imperfetto, et la proposition principale contient le passato prossimo pour l&#8217;\u00e9v\u00e9nement qui survient. Structure : Mentre + imperfetto dans la subordonn\u00e9e, passato prossimo dans la principale. Exemple : Mentre sistemavo la vetrina, \u00e8 entrato un cliente (pendant que je rangeais la vitrine, un client est entr\u00e9). C&#8217;est exactement la m\u00eame structure qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais avec pendant que + imparfait.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre dovevo et ho dovuto ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Dovevo indique une obligation qui existait dans le pass\u00e9, sans pr\u00e9ciser si elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 accomplie : Dovevo consegnare i fiori, ma non l&#8217;ho fatto (je devais livrer les fleurs, mais je ne l&#8217;ai pas fait). Ho dovuto indique que l&#8217;obligation a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e : Ho dovuto chiamare un corriere (j&#8217;ai d\u00fb appeler un coursier, et je l&#8217;ai fait). En fran\u00e7ais, la m\u00eame distinction existe : je devais vs j&#8217;ai d\u00fb.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">La r\u00e8gle fran\u00e7aise fonctionne-t-elle toujours pour choisir entre imperfetto et passato prossimo ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Presque toujours, oui. Si vous utiliseriez l&#8217;imparfait en fran\u00e7ais, choisissez l&#8217;imperfetto en italien. Si vous utiliseriez le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9, choisissez le passato prossimo. Les seules exceptions concernent l&#8217;imperfetto narratif (registre litt\u00e9raire, o\u00f9 l&#8217;imperfetto remplace le passato prossimo pour cr\u00e9er un effet de style) et le passato remoto (pass\u00e9 simple litt\u00e9raire, courant dans le Sud de l&#8217;Italie). Pour un niveau A2, ces nuances ne sont pas prioritaires.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Guides associ\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/passe-compose-italien\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien (passato prossimo) : formation compl\u00e8te et auxiliaires<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/present-indicatif-italien\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">Le pr\u00e9sent de l&#8217;indicatif en italien : verbes en -are, -ere, -ire<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/prepositions-italiennes\/\" rel=\"dofollow\">Les pr\u00e9positions italiennes : di, a, da, in, con, su, per<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/imperfetto\/\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Imperfetto : d\u00e9finition dans l&#8217;Enciclopedia Treccani (r\u00e9f\u00e9rence institutionnelle)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d En bref. En italien, choisir entre imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 suit exactement la m\u00eame logique qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais : l&#8217;imparfait (imperfetto) d\u00e9crit un arri\u00e8re-plan, une habitude ou une action en cours ; le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 (passato prossimo) exprime une action ponctuelle et achev\u00e9e. Vous connaissez d\u00e9j\u00e0 cette distinction. Ce guide vous montre comment l&#8217;appliquer en &#8230; <a title=\"Imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en italien ?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/imparfait-ou-passe-compose-italien\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Imparfait ou pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en italien ?\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a2","category-non-classe","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=139"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":329,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/139\/revisions\/329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}