{"id":106,"date":"2026-06-10T20:39:42","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T20:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/?p=106"},"modified":"2026-06-11T15:59:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T15:59:50","slug":"passe-compose-italien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/passe-compose-italien\/","title":{"rendered":"Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien (passato prossimo)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>En bref.<\/strong> Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien s&#8217;appelle le <strong>passato prossimo<\/strong>. Il se construit exactement comme le v\u00f4tre : un auxiliaire (<em>avere<\/em> ou <em>essere<\/em>) au pr\u00e9sent, suivi du participe pass\u00e9. <em>Ho mangiato<\/em>, j&#8217;ai mang\u00e9. <em>Sono partita<\/em>, je suis partie. Si vous savez conjuguer un pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais, vous avez d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait la moiti\u00e9 du chemin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#8217;autre moiti\u00e9, c&#8217;est ce qui change. Une liste de verbes qui prennent <em>essere<\/em> en italien alors qu&#8217;ils prennent \u00ab avoir \u00bb en fran\u00e7ais, un accord du participe pass\u00e9 plus strict que le v\u00f4tre sur un point pr\u00e9cis, et trois verbes modaux qui changent d&#8217;auxiliaire selon leur voisin. Ce guide du pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien passe tout en revue, avec des exercices corrig\u00e9s et un dialogue complet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une bonne nouvelle pour finir : le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien est LE temps du pass\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;oral. Les Italiens l&#8217;emploient m\u00eame l\u00e0 o\u00f9 vous h\u00e9siteriez entre pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 et pass\u00e9 simple. Un seul temps \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser pour raconter hier, l&#8217;an dernier et toute votre vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-pc9\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-pc9h gb-headline-text\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Aller \u00e0 la section<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#formation\">La formation : auxiliaire + participe pass\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#participe\">Le participe pass\u00e9 : -ato, -uto, -ito et les irr\u00e9guliers<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#avere\">Les verbes qui prennent avere<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#essere\">Les verbes qui prennent essere<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#pieges\">Les pi\u00e8ges pour les francophones<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#accord\">L&#8217;accord du participe pass\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#double\">Les verbes \u00e0 double auxiliaire<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#modaux\">Dovere, potere, volere au pass\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#quand\">Quand l&#8217;utiliser (et le passato remoto ?)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">L&#8217;essentiel en un tableau<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue : au march\u00e9 aux puces<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz : teste ta compr\u00e9hension<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"formation\">La formation : auxiliaire + participe pass\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imaginez Lorenzo qui rentre de son atelier \u00e0 Padoue et raconte sa journ\u00e9e. Chaque phrase qu&#8217;il prononce suit le m\u00eame sch\u00e9ma que le v\u00f4tre : auxiliaire au pr\u00e9sent + participe pass\u00e9. C&#8217;est la d\u00e9finition m\u00eame du pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho riparato due motorini stamattina.<br><em>J&#8217;ai r\u00e9par\u00e9 deux scooters ce matin.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Sono tornato a casa alle sette.<br><em>Je suis rentr\u00e9 \u00e0 la maison \u00e0 sept heures.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Abbiamo cenato tardi.<br><em>Nous avons d\u00een\u00e9 tard.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deux auxiliaires, donc, comme en fran\u00e7ais : <em>avere<\/em> (avoir) et <em>essere<\/em> (\u00eatre). L&#8217;auxiliaire se conjugue au pr\u00e9sent de l&#8217;indicatif, le participe pass\u00e9 reste \u00e0 sa droite. En italien moderne, rien ne s&#8217;intercale entre les deux, \u00e0 part quelques adverbes courts comme <em>gi\u00e0<\/em> (d\u00e9j\u00e0), <em>mai<\/em> (jamais) ou <em>ancora<\/em> (encore) : <em>ho gi\u00e0 pagato<\/em>, j&#8217;ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 pay\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le r\u00e9flexe \u00e0 prendre d\u00e8s maintenant : chaque fois que vous apprenez un verbe italien, demandez-vous quel auxiliaire il prend. C&#8217;est la seule vraie question du pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien, et les sections qui suivent vous donnent la r\u00e9ponse compl\u00e8te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"participe\">Le participe pass\u00e9 : -ato, -uto, -ito et les irr\u00e9guliers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le participe pass\u00e9 r\u00e9gulier se fabrique \u00e0 partir de l&#8217;infinitif, avec une terminaison par groupe. Les verbes en <em>-are<\/em> donnent <em>-ato<\/em>, ceux en <em>-ere<\/em> donnent <em>-uto<\/em>, ceux en <em>-ire<\/em> donnent <em>-ito<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>parlare \u2192 parlato<br><em>parler \u2192 parl\u00e9<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>credere \u2192 creduto<br><em>croire \u2192 cru<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>dormire \u2192 dormito<br><em>dormir \u2192 dormi<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comme en fran\u00e7ais, les participes irr\u00e9guliers se concentrent dans le deuxi\u00e8me groupe. Quelques-uns reviennent sans arr\u00eat dans la conversation : <em>fatto<\/em> (fait), <em>detto<\/em> (dit), <em>letto<\/em> (lu), <em>scritto<\/em> (\u00e9crit), <em>preso<\/em> (pris), <em>messo<\/em> (mis), <em>visto<\/em> (vu), <em>chiuso<\/em> (ferm\u00e9), <em>aperto<\/em> (ouvert), <em>perso<\/em> (perdu), <em>deciso<\/em> (d\u00e9cid\u00e9), <em>nato<\/em> (n\u00e9), <em>morto<\/em> (mort), <em>venuto<\/em> (venu), <em>stato<\/em> (\u00e9t\u00e9), <em>vissuto<\/em> (v\u00e9cu), <em>successo<\/em> (arriv\u00e9, au sens de \u00ab \u00e7a s&#8217;est produit \u00bb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remarquez la parent\u00e9 avec le fran\u00e7ais : <em>detto<\/em> et \u00ab dit \u00bb, <em>scritto<\/em> et \u00ab \u00e9crit \u00bb, <em>aperto<\/em> et \u00ab ouvert \u00bb, <em>morto<\/em> et \u00ab mort \u00bb. Vos irr\u00e9guliers et les leurs viennent du m\u00eame latin, et cette familiarit\u00e9 rend la m\u00e9morisation bien plus rapide que pour un anglophone.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-pc9a\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice :<\/strong> donnez le participe pass\u00e9 de ces cinq verbes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>comprare (acheter)<\/li>\n\n\n<li>vendere (vendre)<\/li>\n\n\n<li>finire (finir)<\/li>\n\n\n<li>scrivere (\u00e9crire)<\/li>\n\n\n<li>aprire (ouvrir)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. comprato \u00b7 2. venduto \u00b7 3. finito \u00b7 4. scritto (irr\u00e9gulier) \u00b7 5. aperto (irr\u00e9gulier)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"avere\">Les verbes qui prennent avere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e8gle la plus rentable de tout le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien tient en une phrase : <strong>tous les verbes transitifs prennent <em>avere<\/em><\/strong>. Un verbe transitif, c&#8217;est un verbe qui accepte un COD, comme \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cole : manger quelque chose, voir quelqu&#8217;un, perdre ses cl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caterina ha comprato una lampada al mercato.<br><em>Caterina a achet\u00e9 une lampe au march\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Avete visto il nuovo film di Sorrentino?<br><em>Vous avez vu le nouveau film de Sorrentino ?<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Marco ha perso il portafoglio e adesso non pu\u00f2 pagare.<br><em>Marco a perdu son portefeuille et maintenant il ne peut pas payer.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prennent aussi <em>avere<\/em> beaucoup de verbes d&#8217;activit\u00e9 sans compl\u00e9ment : <em>lavorare<\/em> (travailler), <em>dormire<\/em> (dormir), <em>camminare<\/em> (marcher), <em>viaggiare<\/em> (voyager), <em>parlare<\/em> (parler), <em>ridere<\/em> (rire). L&#8217;id\u00e9e de fond : quand le sujet fait quelque chose activement, l&#8217;italien choisit <em>avere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho dormito malissimo, il telefono ha squillato alle sei.<br><em>J&#8217;ai tr\u00e8s mal dormi, le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone a sonn\u00e9 \u00e0 six heures.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Abbiamo camminato due ore lungo le mura di Lucca.<br><em>Nous avons march\u00e9 deux heures le long des remparts de Lucques.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"essere\">Les verbes qui prennent essere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f4t\u00e9 <em>essere<\/em>, vous retrouvez d&#8217;abord vos vieilles connaissances : les verbes de d\u00e9placement et de changement d&#8217;\u00e9tat, ceux qui prennent \u00ab \u00eatre \u00bb en fran\u00e7ais aussi. <em>Andare<\/em> (aller), <em>venire<\/em> (venir), <em>arrivare<\/em> (arriver), <em>partire<\/em> (partir), <em>entrare<\/em> (entrer), <em>uscire<\/em> (sortir), <em>tornare<\/em> (revenir), <em>nascere<\/em> (na\u00eetre), <em>morire<\/em> (mourir), <em>restare<\/em> (rester), <em>diventare<\/em> (devenir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il treno \u00e8 partito in orario, per una volta.<br><em>Le train est parti \u00e0 l&#8217;heure, pour une fois.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Le ragazze sono arrivate ieri sera da Trieste.<br><em>Les filles sont arriv\u00e9es hier soir de Trieste.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Mia nonna \u00e8 nata a Lecce nel 1948.<br><em>Ma grand-m\u00e8re est n\u00e9e \u00e0 Lecce en 1948.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S&#8217;ajoutent les verbes r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis et pronominaux, comme chez vous : <em>mi sono alzata<\/em> (je me suis lev\u00e9e), <em>ci siamo vestiti in maschera<\/em> (nous nous sommes d\u00e9guis\u00e9s), <em>si \u00e8 trasferita a Modena<\/em> (elle s&#8217;est install\u00e9e \u00e0 Mod\u00e8ne). Et le verbe <em>essere<\/em> lui-m\u00eame, dont le participe est <em>stato<\/em> : <em>\u00e8 stata una bella serata<\/em>, c&#8217;\u00e9tait une belle soir\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jusque-l\u00e0, votre instinct de francophone donne la bonne r\u00e9ponse presque \u00e0 chaque fois. La section suivante est celle o\u00f9 il faut le surveiller de pr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pieges\">Les pi\u00e8ges pour les francophones : avoir chez vous, essere chez eux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici le vrai morceau du pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien. Une famille de verbes intransitifs qui expriment un \u00e9tat ou un changement subi par le sujet prend <em>essere<\/em> en italien, alors que leurs \u00e9quivalents fran\u00e7ais se conjuguent avec \u00ab avoir \u00bb. C&#8217;est la premi\u00e8re source d&#8217;erreurs chez les francophones, et elle se corrige avec une simple liste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Fran\u00e7ais (avec avoir)<\/th><th>Italien (avec essere)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>elle a r\u00e9ussi<\/td><td>\u00e8 riuscita<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>il a v\u00e9cu ici<\/td><td>\u00e8 vissuto qui<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tu as chang\u00e9<\/td><td>sei cambiato \/ cambiata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>elle a grandi<\/td><td>\u00e8 cresciuta<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>il a vieilli<\/td><td>\u00e8 invecchiato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>le film m&#8217;a plu<\/td><td>il film mi \u00e8 piaciuto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>la visite a co\u00fbt\u00e9 cher<\/td><td>la visita \u00e8 costata cara<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>les prix ont augment\u00e9<\/td><td>i prezzi sono aumentati<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>elle a maigri<\/td><td>\u00e8 dimagrita<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>le spectacle a dur\u00e9 deux heures<\/td><td>lo spettacolo \u00e8 durato due ore<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quelques exemples en situation, pour ancrer le r\u00e9flexe :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Martina \u00e8 riuscita a trovare un banco libero al mercato.<br><em>Martina a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 trouver un stand libre au march\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Quanto \u00e8 costata la visita dal veterinario?<br><em>Combien a co\u00fbt\u00e9 la visite chez le v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire ?<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Mi \u00e8 piaciuta molto la mostra su Modena romana.<br><em>L&#8217;exposition sur la Mod\u00e8ne romaine m&#8217;a beaucoup plu.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le moyen mn\u00e9motechnique qui marche : ces verbes d\u00e9crivent quelque chose qui <em>arrive au<\/em> sujet plut\u00f4t qu&#8217;une action qu&#8217;il accomplit. On ne d\u00e9cide pas de grandir, de vieillir ou de plaire. Quand le sujet subit, l&#8217;italien prend <em>essere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-pc9b\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-exercice :<\/strong> avere ou essere ? Compl\u00e9tez au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sonia (dimagrire) ______ da quando va in piscina.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Lorenzo (riparare) ______ il motorino in officina.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Questo viaggio (costare) ______ gli occhi della testa.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Noi (vivere) ______ tre anni a Trieste.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Tu (cambiare) ______ macchina?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. \u00e8 dimagrita \u00b7 2. ha riparato (transitif) \u00b7 3. \u00e8 costato \u00b7 4. siamo vissuti (ou abbiamo vissuto, les deux existent) \u00b7 5. hai cambiato (transitif : changer quelque chose)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"accord\">L&#8217;accord du participe pass\u00e9 : plus simple qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Respirez : les r\u00e8gles d&#8217;accord du pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien sont moins retorses que celles que vous avez apprises au coll\u00e8ge. Deux principes couvrent l&#8217;essentiel des cas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avec <em>essere<\/em>, le participe s&#8217;accorde toujours en genre et en nombre avec le sujet, comme un adjectif : <em>Rita \u00e8 partita<\/em> (Rita est partie), <em>gli studenti sono tornati<\/em> (les \u00e9tudiants sont rentr\u00e9s), <em>le vacanze sono cominciate<\/em> (les vacances ont commenc\u00e9). Aucune exception \u00e0 m\u00e9moriser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avec <em>avere<\/em>, le participe reste invariable. <em>Giulia ha comprato due lampade<\/em> : pas d&#8217;accord avec le COD plac\u00e9 apr\u00e8s, exactement comme chez vous. La diff\u00e9rence arrive quand un pronom COD pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le verbe : avec <em>lo, la, li, le<\/em> et avec le pronom <em>ne<\/em>, l&#8217;accord devient <strong>obligatoire<\/strong>, et il s&#8217;entend \u00e0 l&#8217;oral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le chiavi? Le ho lasciate in piscina.<br><em>Les cl\u00e9s ? Je les ai laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 la piscine.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Hai preso delle cassette? S\u00ec, ne ho prese dieci.<br><em>Tu as pris des cassettes ? Oui, j&#8217;en ai pris dix.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>I biglietti li ha comprati Pietro.<br><em>Les billets, c&#8217;est Pietro qui les a achet\u00e9s.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notez le cas de <em>ne<\/em> : en fran\u00e7ais, \u00ab j&#8217;en ai pris dix \u00bb reste invariable, mais l&#8217;italien accorde <em>ne ho prese dieci<\/em> si l&#8217;on parle de cassettes. C&#8217;est l&#8217;un des rares points o\u00f9 l&#8217;italien est plus strict que le fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"double\">Un coup essere, un coup avere : les verbes \u00e0 double auxiliaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certains verbes jouent sur les deux tableaux, et le choix de l&#8217;auxiliaire change le sens de la phrase. La logique reste constante : emploi transitif (avec un COD) \u2192 <em>avere<\/em> ; emploi intransitif (changement d&#8217;\u00e9tat) \u2192 <em>essere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ieri ho finito i lavori di restauro.<br><em>Hier j&#8217;ai fini les travaux de r\u00e9novation.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>A che ora \u00e8 finito il balletto?<br><em>\u00c0 quelle heure le ballet s&#8217;est-il termin\u00e9 ?<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Il rivenditore ha aumentato i prezzi.<br><em>Le revendeur a augment\u00e9 les prix.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>I prezzi delle biciclette usate sono aumentati.<br><em>Les prix des v\u00e9los d&#8217;occasion ont augment\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans cette famille : <em>cominciare<\/em> (commencer), <em>finire<\/em> (finir), <em>passare<\/em> (passer), <em>cambiare<\/em> (changer), <em>aumentare<\/em> (augmenter), <em>diminuire<\/em> (diminuer), <em>migliorare<\/em> (s&#8217;am\u00e9liorer), <em>peggiorare<\/em> (empirer), <em>guarire<\/em> (gu\u00e9rir), <em>bruciare<\/em> (br\u00fbler), <em>salire<\/em> (monter), <em>scendere<\/em> (descendre). Le fran\u00e7ais conna\u00eet le m\u00eame jeu avec \u00ab monter \u00bb et \u00ab descendre \u00bb : j&#8217;ai mont\u00e9 les valises, mais je suis mont\u00e9 au troisi\u00e8me. Votre intuition fonctionne, \u00e9tendez-la simplement \u00e0 plus de verbes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour la m\u00e9t\u00e9o, l&#8217;usage h\u00e9site et les deux passent : <em>\u00e8 piovuto<\/em> ou <em>ha piovuto<\/em>, il a plu. Personne ne vous reprendra ni dans un sens ni dans l&#8217;autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"modaux\">Dovere, potere, volere au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les trois verbes modaux (devoir, pouvoir, vouloir) ont une particularit\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9gante : au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien, ils empruntent l&#8217;auxiliaire du verbe qui les suit. Si l&#8217;infinitif derri\u00e8re prend <em>essere<\/em>, le modal prend <em>essere<\/em> ; sinon, <em>avere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Giulia \u00e8 dovuta restare in biblioteca fino a tardi.<br><em>Giulia a d\u00fb rester \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que jusque tard.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Non ho voluto bere un caff\u00e8 e adesso dormo in piedi.<br><em>Je n&#8217;ai pas voulu boire de caf\u00e9 et maintenant je dors debout.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u00abSei andato alla mostra ieri?\u00bb \u00abPurtroppo non ho potuto!\u00bb<br><em>\u00ab Tu es all\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;expo hier ? \u00bb \u00ab H\u00e9las, je n&#8217;ai pas pu ! \u00bb<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans la langue parl\u00e9e, <em>avere<\/em> gagne du terrain m\u00eame devant un verbe de mouvement (<em>ho dovuto tornare<\/em> s&#8217;entend couramment), donc pas de panique si vous vous trompez. Une seule r\u00e8gle ferme : si l&#8217;infinitif qui suit est <em>essere<\/em> lui-m\u00eame, l&#8217;auxiliaire est toujours <em>avere<\/em>. <em>Ho dovuto essere a Milano per le dieci<\/em>, j&#8217;ai d\u00fb \u00eatre \u00e0 Milan pour dix heures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quand\">Quand l&#8217;utiliser (et que faire du passato remoto ?)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien raconte une action accomplie dont les effets se font encore sentir au pr\u00e9sent, et cette proximit\u00e9 est d&#8217;abord psychologique : \u00ab l&#8217;an dernier \u00bb peut \u00eatre tout proche si l&#8217;\u00e9v\u00e9nement vous touche encore. En pratique, c&#8217;est le temps de tout r\u00e9cit oral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stanotte \u00e8 piovuto e la corsa \u00e8 saltata.<br><em>Cette nuit il a plu et la course a \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9e.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Caterina \u00e8 cresciuta a Lecce, poi si \u00e8 trasferita a Trieste per lavoro.<br><em>Caterina a grandi \u00e0 Lecce, puis elle s&#8217;est install\u00e9e \u00e0 Trieste pour le travail.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et le passato remoto, l&#8217;\u00e9quivalent de votre pass\u00e9 simple ? M\u00eame r\u00e9flexe qu&#8217;en fran\u00e7ais : c&#8217;est un temps de l&#8217;\u00e9crit, des romans et de l&#8217;histoire. \u00c0 l&#8217;oral, le nord et le centre de l&#8217;Italie l&#8217;ont pratiquement abandonn\u00e9 au profit du passato prossimo ; seul le sud le garde vivant dans la conversation. Pour un niveau A2, la strat\u00e9gie est limpide : tout raconter au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien, et apprendre \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre le remoto quand vous lisez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">L&#8217;essentiel en un tableau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Question<\/th><th>R\u00e9ponse<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Formation ?<\/td><td>avere\/essere au pr\u00e9sent + participe pass\u00e9<\/td><td>ho parlato \u00b7 sono partita<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Participes r\u00e9guliers ?<\/td><td>-are \u2192 -ato \u00b7 -ere \u2192 -uto \u00b7 -ire \u2192 -ito<\/td><td>parlato, creduto, dormito<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Verbe avec COD ?<\/td><td>toujours avere<\/td><td>ho comprato una lampada<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mouvement, changement, r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis ?<\/td><td>essere + accord avec le sujet<\/td><td>siamo arrivati \u00b7 si \u00e8 alzata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u00e9ussir, vivre, plaire, co\u00fbter ?<\/td><td>essere (\u2260 fran\u00e7ais !)<\/td><td>\u00e8 riuscita \u00b7 mi \u00e8 piaciuto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Accord avec avere ?<\/td><td>seulement apr\u00e8s lo, la, li, le, ne<\/td><td>le ho lasciate \u00b7 ne ho prese dieci<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dovere, potere, volere ?<\/td><td>auxiliaire de l&#8217;infinitif qui suit<\/td><td>\u00e8 dovuta restare \u00b7 ho potuto vedere<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pass\u00e9 simple ?<\/td><td>\u00e0 l&#8217;oral, presque toujours passato prossimo<\/td><td>ieri ho visto Anna<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue : au march\u00e9 aux puces de Padoue<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Martina retrouve Lorenzo au march\u00e9 aux puces de Padoue. Rep\u00e9rez les pass\u00e9s compos\u00e9s italiens : les auxiliaires alternent exactement comme dans les sections que vous venez de lire.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dlg-pc9\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Martina:<\/strong> Lorenzo! Sei arrivato presto stamattina?<br><em>Lorenzo ! Tu es arriv\u00e9 t\u00f4t ce matin ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Alle sette. Ho trovato un banco pieno di dischi e ne ho presi cinque.<br><em>\u00c0 sept heures. J&#8217;ai trouv\u00e9 un stand plein de disques et j&#8217;en ai pris cinq.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Martina:<\/strong> Bravo! Io sono riuscita a trovare una lampada degli anni Settanta.<br><em>Bravo ! Moi, j&#8217;ai r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 trouver une lampe des ann\u00e9es soixante-dix.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Quanto \u00e8 costata?<br><em>Elle a co\u00fbt\u00e9 combien ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Martina:<\/strong> Venti euro. Il venditore ha chiesto trenta, ma abbiamo trattato dieci minuti.<br><em>Vingt euros. Le vendeur a demand\u00e9 trente, mais nous avons n\u00e9goci\u00e9 dix minutes.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> I prezzi sono aumentati anche qui, eh. L&#8217;anno scorso ho pagato la met\u00e0 per una radio d&#8217;epoca.<br><em>Les prix ont augment\u00e9 ici aussi, hein. L&#8217;an dernier j&#8217;ai pay\u00e9 la moiti\u00e9 pour une radio d&#8217;\u00e9poque.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Martina:<\/strong> A proposito, \u00e8 gi\u00e0 passato Pietro? Ha detto che veniva con il furgone.<br><em>Au fait, Pietro est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pass\u00e9 ? Il a dit qu&#8217;il venait avec le fourgon.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> \u00c8 dovuto restare a casa, il gatto \u00e8 stato male tutta la notte.<br><em>Il a d\u00fb rester \u00e0 la maison, le chat a \u00e9t\u00e9 malade toute la nuit.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Martina:<\/strong> Povero! \u00c8 guarito almeno?<br><em>Le pauvre ! Il est gu\u00e9ri au moins ?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> S\u00ec, il veterinario gli ha prescritto un antibiotico e stamattina ha mangiato tutto.<br><em>Oui, le v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire lui a prescrit un antibiotique et ce matin il a tout mang\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-defi-pc9\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-d\u00e9fi final :<\/strong> traduisez en italien. Attention, trois phrases cachent un pi\u00e8ge d&#8217;auxiliaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le concert m&#8217;a beaucoup plu.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Nous avons ouvert une bouteille pour le Nouvel An.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Elle a d\u00fb partir avant la fin.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Les vacances ont commenc\u00e9 hier.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Tes lunettes ? Je les ai vues dans la cuisine.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Voir les r\u00e9ponses<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Il concerto mi \u00e8 piaciuto molto. (essere !) \u00b7 2. Abbiamo aperto una bottiglia per Capodanno. \u00b7 3. \u00c8 dovuta partire prima della fine. (essere, car partire prend essere) \u00b7 4. Le vacanze sono cominciate ieri. (essere + accord) \u00b7 5. I tuoi occhiali? Li ho visti in cucina. (accord avec li)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Teste ta compr\u00e9hension<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le quiz interactif sur le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien arrive ici tr\u00e8s bient\u00f4t : douze phrases \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter, corrig\u00e9es avec explications.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-pc9\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p style=\"text-align:center;color:#888\"><em>        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_29\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Temps limite: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">R&eacute;capitulatif du quiz<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Terminer le quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Terminer le quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Commencer le quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Chargement du quiz...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Quiz d&rsquo;italien gratuit<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">&laquo;&nbsp;Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien (passato prossimo)&nbsp;&raquo;<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Inscrivez-vous gratuitement pour faire ce quiz et acc&eacute;der en avant-premi&egrave;re aux nouvelles le&ccedil;ons d&rsquo;italien.\n        <\/p>\n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/fr\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F106\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continuer avec Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/fr\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Ffr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F106\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continuer avec Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>ou<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"4f6541a9c4\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"votre adresse e-mail\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Nom complet<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Votre nom complet\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Entrez un mot de passe\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    J'accepte les <a href=\"\/fr\/conditions-utilisation\/\" target=\"_blank\">Conditions<\/a> et <a href=\"\/fr\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\" target=\"_blank\">Politique de confidentialit\u00e9<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continuer<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continuer',\n            signIn: 'Se connecter',\n            createAccount: 'Cr\u00e9er un compte',\n            enterPassword: 'Entrez un mot de passe',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Entrez votre mot de passe',\n            choosePassword: 'Choisissez un mot de passe s\u00fbr',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'L\\'e-mail et le mot de passe sont obligatoires',\n            nameRequired: 'Le nom complet est obligatoire',\n            acceptTerms: 'Veuillez accepter les Conditions et la Politique de confidentialit\u00e9',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Traitement en cours...',\n            success: 'Parfait ! Redirection en cours...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    Vous avez obtenu <span>0<\/span> points sur <span>0<\/span>, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Cat&eacute;gories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"61\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Choix de phrases : le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"60\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Texte \u00e0 trous : le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Votre r&eacute;sultat &middot; 0 &agrave; 40&nbsp;%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Renfor&ccedil;ons les bases sur ce sujet.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Notre conseil.<\/strong> Un <strong>forfait de 10 le&ccedil;ons<\/strong> vous donne dix s&eacute;ances individuelles de 55 minutes avec un professeur de langue maternelle italienne, &agrave; votre rythme.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prochaine &eacute;tape sugg&eacute;r&eacute;e<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Forfait 10 le&ccedil;ons<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Cours individuel<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Forfait 10 le&ccedil;ons\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Tous niveaux<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">S&eacute;ance individuelle de 55 minutes sur Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Votre professeur natif personnel<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Supports interactifs en ligne<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Devoirs apr&egrave;s chaque le&ccedil;on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">D&eacute;couvrir le forfait 10 le&ccedil;ons &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Votre r&eacute;sultat &middot; 41 &agrave; 65&nbsp;%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Base solide. Construisons dessus.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Notre conseil.<\/strong> Un <strong>cours hebdomadaire individuel<\/strong> vous donne le rythme et le retour personnalis&eacute; pour transformer ce que vous savez en italien que vous parlez sans y penser.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prochaine &eacute;tape sugg&eacute;r&eacute;e<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Cours hebdomadaire 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Cours individuel<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Cours hebdomadaire 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Tous niveaux<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">S&eacute;ance individuelle de 55 minutes sur Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Votre professeur natif personnel<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Supports interactifs en ligne<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Devoirs apr&egrave;s chaque le&ccedil;on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">R&eacute;server un cours hebdomadaire &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Votre r&eacute;sultat &middot; 66 &agrave; 85&nbsp;%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Excellent travail. Vous &ecirc;tes pr&ecirc;t pour le groupe.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Notre conseil.<\/strong> Dans le <strong>cours en groupe Milano (A2-B1)<\/strong>, vous passez de la grammaire solide &agrave; la conversation r&eacute;elle.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prochaine &eacute;tape sugg&eacute;r&eacute;e<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Groupe Milano<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Groupe Milano\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Petits groupes, 4 &eacute;tudiants maximum<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">S&eacute;ances hebdomadaires en direct sur Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammaire, vocabulaire, &eacute;coute, &eacute;criture<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Devoirs apr&egrave;s chaque le&ccedil;on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Rejoindre le groupe Milano &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Votre r&eacute;sultat &middot; 86 &agrave; 100&nbsp;%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo&nbsp;! C&rsquo;est r&eacute;ussi.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Notre conseil.<\/strong> Rejoignez le <strong>cours en groupe Milano (A2-B1)<\/strong> pour transformer un italien correct en italien fluide.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prochaine &eacute;tape sugg&eacute;r&eacute;e<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Groupe Milano<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Groupe Milano\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Petits groupes, 4 &eacute;tudiants maximum<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">S&eacute;ances hebdomadaires en direct sur Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammaire, vocabulaire, &eacute;coute, &eacute;criture<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Devoirs apr&egrave;s chaque le&ccedil;on<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Rejoindre le groupe Milano &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">R&eacute;pondue<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Marqu&eacute;e<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Marquer la question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Texte &agrave; trous&nbsp;: le pass&eacute; compos&eacute;<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Conjuguez chaque verbe au pass&eacute; compos&eacute; (passato prossimo). &Eacute;crivez la forme enti&egrave;re&nbsp;: auxiliaire + participe.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Contesto.<\/strong> Elena e Davide raccontano le loro avventure dell&#8217;ultima settimana a Bologna.<\/p>\n<p><em>Elena et Davide racontent leurs aventures de la semaine &agrave; Bologna.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"56\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>L'altro ieri, a cena, Elena (mangiare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha mangiato)<\/span><\/span> una zuppa di pesce ottima.<br><em>Avant-hier, au d\u00eener, Elena a mang\u00e9 une soupe de poisson excellente.<\/em><\/li><li>Il pullman (arrivare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 arrivato, e' arrivato)<\/span><\/span> a Bologna con venti minuti di ritardo.<br><em>L'autocar est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 Bologna avec vingt minutes de retard.<\/em><\/li><p><em>Astuce clavier&nbsp;: si votre clavier ne permet pas de taper \u00ab&nbsp;&egrave;&nbsp;\u00bb, utilisez l&#8217;apostrophe&nbsp;: <strong>e&#8217;<\/strong> (ex.&nbsp;: e&#8217; arrivato).<\/em><\/p><li>Davide e i suoi colleghi (lavorare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno lavorato)<\/span><\/span> fino a mezzanotte per finire il progetto.<br><em>Davide et ses coll\u00e8gues ont travaill\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 minuit pour finir le projet.<\/em><\/li><li>L'aereo per Napoli (partire - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 partito, e' partito)<\/span><\/span> puntuale questa mattina.<br><em>L'avion pour Naples est parti \u00e0 l'heure ce matin.<\/em><\/li><li>Le sorelle di Elena (andare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono andate)<\/span><\/span> alla Mostra del cinema di Venezia.<br><em>Les s\u0153urs d'Elena sont all\u00e9es \u00e0 la Mostra du cin\u00e9ma \u00e0 Venise.<\/em><\/li><li>Dopo dieci minuti, Davide (riuscire - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 riuscito, e' riuscito)<\/span><\/span> ad aprire il barattolo di marmellata.<br><em>Apr\u00e8s dix minutes, Davide a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 ouvrir le bocal de confiture.<\/em><\/li><li>Davide (prendere - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha preso)<\/span><\/span> l'ultimo treno per Bologna ed \u00e8 arrivato a mezzanotte.<br><em>Davide a pris le dernier train pour Bologna et est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 minuit.<\/em><\/li><li>Il giovane fornaio di via Rizzoli (diventare - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 diventato, e' diventato)<\/span><\/span> molto noto nel quartiere.<br><em>Le jeune boulanger de via Rizzoli est devenu tr\u00e8s connu dans le quartier.<\/em><\/li><li>Elena e Davide (vedere - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno visto)<\/span><\/span> un documentario molto interessante ieri sera.<br><em>Elena et Davide ont vu un documentaire tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant hier soir.<\/em><\/li><li>Il nuovo libro di ricette della nonna di Davide (uscire - passato prossimo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 uscito, e' uscito)<\/span><\/span> l'anno scorso.<br><em>Le nouveau livre de recettes de la grand-m\u00e8re de Davide est sorti l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>10 sur 10. Vous ma&icirc;trisez le pass&eacute; compos&eacute; italien.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>R&egrave;gle&nbsp;:<\/strong> <strong>avere<\/strong> avec les verbes transitifs (ha mangiato, ha preso, hanno visto)&nbsp;; <strong>essere<\/strong> avec les verbes de mouvement\/&eacute;tat et les intransitifs (&egrave; arrivato, &egrave; partito, &egrave; riuscito, &egrave; diventato, &egrave; uscito). Avec essere, le participe s&#8217;accorde avec le sujet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formes correctes&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>ha mangiato<\/em> &bull; a mang&eacute;<\/li>\n<li><em>&egrave; arrivato<\/em> &bull; est arriv&eacute;<\/li>\n<li><em>hanno lavorato<\/em> &bull; ont travaill&eacute;<\/li>\n<li><em>&egrave; partito<\/em> &bull; est parti<\/li>\n<li><em>sono andate<\/em> &bull; sont all&eacute;es (f. pl.)<\/li>\n<li><em>&egrave; riuscito<\/em> &bull; a r&eacute;ussi (verbe pi\u00e8ge: sempre essere)<\/li>\n<li><em>ha preso<\/em> &bull; a pris (prendere &rarr; preso)<\/li>\n<li><em>&egrave; diventato<\/em> &bull; est devenu<\/li>\n<li><em>hanno visto<\/em> &bull; ont vu (vedere &rarr; visto)<\/li>\n<li><em>&egrave; uscito<\/em> &bull; est sorti (verbe pi\u00e8ge: sempre essere)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Vocabulaire&nbsp;:<\/strong> barattolo = bocal &middot; fornaio = boulanger &middot; noto = connu &middot; documentario = documentaire &middot; in ritardo = en retard &middot; puntuale = &agrave; l&#8217;heure<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Indice<\/h5>\n                                    <p>M&eacute;thode&nbsp;: demandez-vous si le verbe peut avoir un compl&eacute;ment d&#8217;objet direct. Si oui &rarr; <strong>avere<\/strong>&nbsp;; si non &rarr; <strong>essere<\/strong>. Exceptions &agrave; retenir avec essere&nbsp;: riuscire, uscire, diventare, piacere, costare. Avec essere&nbsp;: le participe s&#8217;accorde (M=o, F=a, M pl=i, F pl=e).<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Indice\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"V&eacute;rifier\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Suivant\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choix de phrases&nbsp;: le pass&eacute; compos&eacute;<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Dans chaque groupe, s&eacute;lectionnez la <strong>seule phrase correcte<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"57\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Lorenzo \u00e8 andato al mercato sabato mattina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Lorenzo ha andato al mercato sabato mattina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Lorenzo \u00e8 andava al mercato sabato mattina.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Giulia \u00e8 partita per Venezia venerd\u00ec sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Giulia \u00e8 partito per Venezia venerd\u00ec sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Giulia ha partita per Venezia venerd\u00ec sera.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> I bambini hanno fatto i compite prima di cena.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> I bambini hanno fatto i compiti prima di cena.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> I bambini sono fatti i compiti prima di cena.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Gli studenti sono venuti in classe con dieci minuti di ritardo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Gli studenti sono venuto in classe con dieci minuti di ritardo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Gli studenti hanno venuti in classe con dieci minuti di ritardo.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Camilla \u00e8 nato a Verona nel 1995.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Camilla \u00e8 nata a Verona nel 1995.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_29_57\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Camilla ha nata a Verona nel 1995.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>5 sur 5. Le choix de l&#8217;auxiliaire et l&#8217;accord sont ma&icirc;tris&eacute;s.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>R&egrave;gle&nbsp;:<\/strong> andare, partire, venire, nascere = <strong>essere<\/strong> (jamais avere). Avec essere, le participe s&#8217;accorde&nbsp;: -o (M sg), -a (F sg), -i (M pl), -e (F pl). fare = verbe transitif &rarr; avere (ha fatto, hanno fatto).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Phrases correctes&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>Lorenzo &egrave; andato al mercato.<\/em> &bull; essere (andare)<\/li>\n<li><em>Giulia &egrave; partita per Venezia.<\/em> &bull; essere + accord F sg<\/li>\n<li><em>I bambini hanno fatto i compiti.<\/em> &bull; avere (fare, transitivo)<\/li>\n<li><em>Gli studenti sono venuti in classe.<\/em> &bull; essere + accord M pl<\/li>\n<li><em>Camilla &egrave; nata a Verona nel 1995.<\/em> &bull; essere + accord F sg<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Vocabulaire&nbsp;:<\/strong> compiti = devoirs &middot; in ritardo = en retard &middot; mercato = march&eacute; &middot; nato\/a = n&eacute;\/e &middot; venuto\/i = venu\/s<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Indice<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Repli&eacute;r sur les deux pi&egrave;ges fr&eacute;quents&nbsp;: (1) andare, venire, partire, nascere = <strong>essere<\/strong> (on dit &laquo;&nbsp;&egrave; andato&nbsp;&raquo;, jamais &laquo;&nbsp;ha andato&nbsp;&raquo;)&nbsp;; (2) v&eacute;rifiez l&#8217;accord du participe avec le sujet quand l&#8217;auxiliaire est essere (Giulia &egrave; partita, non partito).<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Indice\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"V&eacute;rifier\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Suivant\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_29',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 29,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 15,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"60\":10,\"61\":5},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Terminer le quiz\",\n                    json: {\"56\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":56,\"catId\":60,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"ha mangiato\"],[\"\\u00e8 arrivato\",\"e' arrivato\"],[\"hanno lavorato\"],[\"\\u00e8 partito\",\"e' partito\"],[\"sono andate\"],[\"\\u00e8 riuscito\",\"e' riuscito\"],[\"ha preso\"],[\"\\u00e8 diventato\",\"e' diventato\"],[\"hanno visto\"],[\"\\u00e8 uscito\",\"e' uscito\"]]},\"57\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":57,\"catId\":61,\"points\":[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1],\"correct\":[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        <\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces cinq questions reviennent sans cesse chez les apprenants francophones, sur les forums de langue comme en cours. Les r\u00e9ponses condensent ce que vous avez lu plus haut, avec le cas concret qui d\u00e9clenche le doute. Si la v\u00f4tre n&#8217;y figure pas, posez-la en commentaire : les meilleures questions finissent dans cette liste.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-pc9-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">On dit \u00ab ha vissuto \u00bb ou \u00ab \u00e8 vissuto \u00bb ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Les deux sont corrects. Vivere accepte les deux auxiliaires : \u00e8 vissuto a Padova ou ha vissuto a Padova. Avec un COD, seul avere est possible : ha vissuto una vita intensa. Au quotidien, choisissez avere et vous ne vous tromperez jamais.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pc9-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">\u00ab Mi sono dovuto cambiare \u00bb ou \u00ab ho dovuto cambiarmi \u00bb ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Les deux formes existent. Si le pronom r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi est plac\u00e9 avant le verbe, l&#8217;auxiliaire est essere : mi sono dovuto cambiare. Si le pronom est attach\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;infinitif, on emploie avere : ho dovuto cambiarmi. C&#8217;est la position du pronom qui d\u00e9cide.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pc9-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Comment dire \u00ab \u00e7a a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb ou \u00ab c&#8217;\u00e9tait \u00bb au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Avec \u00e8 stato, du verbe essere : \u00e8 stata una bella serata, c&#8217;\u00e9tait une belle soir\u00e9e. Le participe stato s&#8217;accorde avec le sujet : \u00e8 stata, sono stati. Pour \u00ab il y a eu \u00bb, l&#8217;italien dit c&#8217;\u00e8 stato ou c&#8217;\u00e8 stata : c&#8217;\u00e8 stata molta gente, il y a eu beaucoup de monde.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pc9-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Le participe pass\u00e9 s&#8217;accorde-t-il avec avere ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale non, il reste invariable. L&#8217;accord devient obligatoire quand un pronom COD lo, la, li, le ou le pronom ne pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le verbe : le ho comprate, ne ho prese due. Contrairement au fran\u00e7ais, cet accord s&#8217;entend \u00e0 l&#8217;oral, il n&#8217;est pas qu&#8217;orthographique.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pc9-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">\u00ab \u00c8 bruciato \u00bb ou \u00ab ha bruciato \u00bb ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Les deux, selon le sens. Transitif, avec un COD : ho bruciato la torta, j&#8217;ai br\u00fbl\u00e9 le g\u00e2teau. Intransitif, quand le sujet subit : la torta \u00e8 bruciata, le g\u00e2teau a br\u00fbl\u00e9. La m\u00eame logique vaut pour finire, cambiare, aumentare, salire et scendere.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Guides associ\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/apprendre-italien-gratuitement\/\">Tout notre mat\u00e9riel gratuit pour apprendre l&#8217;italien<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/nos-cours\/\">Nos cours d&#8217;italien sur Zoom, du A1 au C1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/\">Cr\u00e9ez votre parcours personnalis\u00e9 en 3 minutes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/passato-prossimo_(La-grammatica-italiana)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La fiche du passato prossimo sur Treccani (en italien)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d En bref. Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien s&#8217;appelle le passato prossimo. Il se construit exactement comme le v\u00f4tre : un auxiliaire (avere ou essere) au pr\u00e9sent, suivi du participe pass\u00e9. Ho mangiato, j&#8217;ai mang\u00e9. Sono partita, je suis partie. Si vous savez conjuguer un pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 en fran\u00e7ais, vous avez d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait la moiti\u00e9 du &#8230; <a title=\"Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien (passato prossimo)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/passe-compose-italien\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 italien (passato prossimo)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a2","category-non-classe","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":314,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions\/314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}