{"id":60927,"date":"2026-05-27T17:24:25","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T08:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=60927"},"modified":"2026-06-04T02:54:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T17:54:31","slug":"italian-burocratese-decode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-burocratese-decode\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Burocratese: How to Decode Bureaucracy Italian (C1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <strong>Italian burocratese<\/strong> is the unmistakable register of public-administration letters: noun-heavy sentences, passive verbs, formulaic phrases like <em>ai sensi di<\/em> and <em>codesto ufficio<\/em>, archaic pronouns like <em>la Signoria Vostra<\/em>, scattered Latinisms (<em>iter<\/em>, <em>nulla osta<\/em>), and a forest of abbreviations (S.V., u.s., c.m., PEC, cfr.). It survives in town halls, courts, schools and ministries even after thirty years of simplification campaigns. This C1 guide gives you a working decoder: how the syntax bends toward nouns, what each formula really means, why the addressee becomes a feminine abstraction, and how to translate any italian burocratese sentence into the plain Italian you would actually speak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a C1 learner the goal is not to write italian burocratese (most natives find it painful too). The goal is to read a raccomandata from the Comune without panic, answer a PEC from the Agenzia delle Entrate, and recognise the moves a bureaucrat makes when they want to sound official.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-buro\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-buro gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What italian burocratese actually is<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nouns\">Noun-heavy sentences: when verbs disappear<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#passive\">Passives and impersonal si: nobody is doing it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#address\">La Signoria Vostra, codesto ufficio: addressing a ghost<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#formulae\">Formulae: ai sensi di, in oggetto, per quanto di competenza<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#latinisms\">Latinisms and archaisms: iter, nulla osta, previo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#abbreviations\">Abbreviations: S.V., c.m., u.s., PEC, cfr.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#letters\">Letter conventions: Egregio, Distinti saluti<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Italian burocratese cheat sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: decoding a letter at the Frosinone anagrafe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#challenge\">Mini-challenge: rewrite three sentences in plain Italian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What italian burocratese actually is<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian burocratese is the in-house dialect of public offices: the Comune, the Agenzia delle Entrate, the INPS, the tribunale, the prefettura, the school principal&#8217;s office. It is not Italian with hard words bolted on. It is a register with its own grammar choices, its own pronouns, its own way of avoiding the human being who is doing or asking something. The term <em>burocratese<\/em> circulates with a few near-synonyms (<em>antilingua<\/em>, after Italo Calvino&#8217;s 1965 essay, <em>linguaggio amministrativo<\/em>, <em>burolingua<\/em>), but burocratese is the everyday tag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why does italian burocratese exist? Three reasons stack up. First, an obsession with legal precision: every formula points to an article of law that justifies the act. Second, the desire to sound impersonal, as if no specific clerk wrote the letter and no specific citizen received it. Third, sheer inertia: the Codice di Stile signed by minister Cassese in 1993, the 2002 simplification directive, and the steady work of the <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/contenuti\/guida-alla-redazione-degli-atti-amministrativi-regole-e-suggerimenti\/155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca on administrative writing<\/a> have all chipped away at the worst excesses, but a Comune letter today still sounds remarkably like one from 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"nouns\">Noun-heavy sentences: when verbs disappear<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first move of italian burocratese is to turn verbs into nouns. Where everyday Italian says <em>quando paghiamo<\/em> (&#8220;when we pay&#8221;), the bureaucrat writes <em>all&#8217;atto del pagamento<\/em> (&#8220;at the moment of payment&#8221;). Where you would say <em>se non rispondi<\/em> (&#8220;if you don&#8217;t reply&#8221;), italian burocratese says <em>in difetto di riscontro<\/em> (&#8220;in lack of reply&#8221;). Nouns are easier to stack, easier to disconnect from a subject, and easier to ornament with prepositions, which is why italian burocratese reaches for them by default.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verb: <em>erogare il contributo<\/em>. Noun: <em>l&#8217;erogazione del contributo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Verb: <em>inoltrare la pratica<\/em>. Noun: <em>l&#8217;inoltro della pratica<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Verb: <em>ripristinare il servizio<\/em>. Noun: <em>il ripristino del servizio<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Verb: <em>presentare l&#8217;istanza<\/em>. Noun: <em>la presentazione dell&#8217;istanza<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result of this italian burocratese habit is sentences that read like inventories. <em>Si dispone l&#8217;erogazione del contributo previa presentazione dell&#8217;istanza in oggetto entro il termine di trenta giorni dalla data di pubblicazione del presente avviso.<\/em> The verbs are <em>si dispone<\/em> and the buried <em>presentare<\/em>: everything else is a chain of nouns linked by prepositions. To translate it: <em>Per ricevere il contributo, presenti la domanda entro trenta giorni dalla pubblicazione di questo avviso.<\/em> Same content, half the syllables.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-buro-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Convert each bureaucratic noun back into the everyday verb.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>l&#8217;avvenuta consegna del plico (quando il plico ___)<\/li>\n<li>la cessazione del rapporto di lavoro (quando il rapporto ___)<\/li>\n<li>il rigetto dell&#8217;istanza (quando l&#8217;istanza ___)<\/li>\n<li>la decadenza dal beneficio (quando si ___ il beneficio)<\/li>\n<li>la trasmissione degli atti (quando gli atti ___)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. quando il plico \u00e8 stato consegnato \u00b7 2. quando il rapporto di lavoro finisce \u00b7 3. quando l&#8217;istanza viene respinta \u00b7 4. quando si perde il beneficio \u00b7 5. quando gli atti vengono trasmessi<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"passive\">Passives and impersonal si: nobody is doing it<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian burocratese loves the passive voice and the impersonal <em>si<\/em>, for the same reason: both let the writer avoid saying who is acting. <em>\u00c8 stato disposto<\/em> (&#8220;it has been ordered&#8221;) never tells you who ordered it. <em>Si comunica<\/em> (&#8220;it is communicated&#8221;) never reveals which clerk is doing the communicating. <em>Viene precisato<\/em> (&#8220;it is being specified&#8221;) points the finger at no one.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Si comunica alla S.V. che la documentazione risulta incompleta.<\/em> (&#8220;It is communicated to you that the documentation appears incomplete.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00c8 stato disposto l&#8217;accertamento d&#8217;ufficio.<\/em> (&#8220;The official check has been ordered.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><em>Si invita la S.V. a presentarsi entro il 30 giugno.<\/em> (&#8220;You are invited to appear by 30 June.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><em>Trasmettesi, per quanto di competenza, copia del verbale.<\/em> (&#8220;A copy of the minutes is hereby transmitted, for the matters within your remit.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That last form, <em>trasmettesi<\/em>, is a special italian burocratese trick: a pronoun glued to a present-tense verb (<em>si trasmette<\/em> becomes <em>trasmettesi<\/em>). The cousins are <em>dicesi<\/em>, <em>trattasi<\/em>, <em>vedasi<\/em>. They are rare in modern writing, but they still appear on stamped forms and protocols. Read them as ordinary <em>si trasmette<\/em>, <em>si dice<\/em>, <em>si tratta<\/em>, <em>si veda<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gerund deserves a word too. <em>Procedendosi all&#8217;esame della pratica, \u00e8 emersa la necessit\u00e0 di un&#8217;integrazione<\/em>: the <em>procedendosi<\/em> (&#8220;by proceeding&#8221;) is a gerund with the pronoun attached to the verb <em>si<\/em>, a structure almost unknown in conversation but routine in administrative reports. In plain Italian: <em>Esaminando la pratica, abbiamo visto che serve un&#8217;integrazione.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"address\">La Signoria Vostra, codesto ufficio: addressing a ghost<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the strangest features of italian burocratese is how the addressee is named. Instead of <em>Lei<\/em> or <em>voi<\/em>, the letter speaks to a feminine abstraction: <em>la Signoria Vostra<\/em> (often abbreviated <em>la S.V.<\/em>), <em>la Vostra Signoria<\/em>, <em>Vossignoria<\/em>. Treccani notes that this form survives only in highly formal contexts, especially official and bureaucratic communications, and adjectives or past participles agreeing with it stay feminine even when the addressee is a man: <em>il signor Mario Bianchi \u00e8 pregato di presentarsi<\/em> would be rephrased as <em>la S.V. \u00e8 pregata di presentarsi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>La S.V. \u00e8 invitata a produrre la documentazione richiesta.<\/em> (&#8220;You are invited to produce the requested documentation.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><em>Le SS.LL. riceveranno comunicazione ufficiale entro il mese.<\/em> (&#8220;You  will receive official notice within the month.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><em>Ella \u00e8 pregato di voler trasmettere copia del documento.<\/em> (&#8220;You are kindly requested to transmit a copy of the document.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pronoun <em>Ella<\/em> belongs to the same italian burocratese family: in everyday Italian it is dead, but in formal and bureaucratic letters it still surfaces, usually with the capital E of <em>maiuscola di reverenza<\/em> (&#8220;respect capital&#8221;). Then there is <em>codesto<\/em>: where modern Italian uses <em>questo<\/em> (close to me) or <em>quello<\/em> (far from me), bureaucratic Italian preserves the medieval three-way distinction and uses <em>codesto<\/em> for &#8220;close to you, the addressee&#8221;. <em>Codesto ufficio<\/em> means &#8220;your office&#8221;, <em>codesta amministrazione<\/em> means &#8220;your administration&#8221;. It only survives in italian burocratese and in Tuscan dialect.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-buro-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Replace the formal address with normal modern Italian.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La S.V. \u00e8 pregata di presentarsi presso codesto ufficio.<\/li>\n<li>Ella vorr\u00e0 comunicare l&#8217;esito alla scrivente amministrazione.<\/li>\n<li>Si invitano le SS.LL. a produrre copia conforme.<\/li>\n<li>Codesta Direzione provveda al riscontro entro trenta giorni.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Le chiediamo di venire nel suo ufficio. \u00b7 2. Le chiediamo di comunicarci l&#8217;esito. \u00b7 3. Vi chiediamo di consegnare una copia conforme. \u00b7 4. La sua Direzione risponda entro trenta giorni.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"formulae\">Formulae: ai sensi di, in oggetto, per quanto di competenza<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian burocratese is built around fixed phrases that signal legal references, subject lines, and remit. Learning a handful of them opens up half of any italian burocratese letter you will ever face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Burocratese<\/th><th>Literal sense<\/th><th>Plain Italian<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>ai sensi di \/ ai sensi dell&#8217;art.<\/td><td>&#8220;under the senses of \/ under article&#8221;<\/td><td>secondo, in base a<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>in oggetto<\/td><td>&#8220;in object&#8221;<\/td><td>citato nell&#8217;oggetto, di cui sopra<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>di cui sopra \/ di cui in epigrafe<\/td><td>&#8220;of which above \/ in epigraph&#8221;<\/td><td>che ho appena citato<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>per quanto di competenza<\/td><td>&#8220;for what concerns your remit&#8221;<\/td><td>per le cose che vi riguardano<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>in difetto di riscontro<\/td><td>&#8220;in lack of reply&#8221;<\/td><td>se non risponde<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>entro e non oltre il (data)<\/td><td>&#8220;within and not beyond&#8221;<\/td><td>entro il (data)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>si fa presente che<\/td><td>&#8220;it is made present that&#8221;<\/td><td>le diciamo che<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>si resta in attesa di<\/td><td>&#8220;one remains awaiting&#8221;<\/td><td>aspettiamo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>la presente vale come notifica<\/td><td>&#8220;the present serves as notification&#8221;<\/td><td>questa lettera \u00e8 la notifica<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>previa presentazione di<\/td><td>&#8220;before-having presentation of&#8221;<\/td><td>dopo aver presentato<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two formulae deserve a close look. <em>Ai sensi di<\/em> always introduces the legal anchor of the act: <em>ai sensi dell&#8217;art. 12 del D.lgs. 196\/2003<\/em> (&#8220;under article 12 of legislative decree 196\/2003&#8221;) tells you the writer is acting under that law. <em>In oggetto<\/em> refers back to the subject line at the top of the letter, called <em>l&#8217;oggetto<\/em>: <em>la pratica in oggetto<\/em> means &#8220;the case named in the subject line&#8221;. Strip these phrases and the rest of the sentence becomes much friendlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"latinisms\">Latinisms and archaisms: iter, nulla osta, previo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Latin survives in italian burocratese as fossilised expressions, the way English keeps <em>habeas corpus<\/em> or <em>per diem<\/em>. Some of these italian burocratese fossils you will see every week in real letters.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>iter<\/em>: the procedure, the path of a file through offices (&#8220;l&#8217;iter della pratica&#8221;)<\/li>\n<li><em>nulla osta<\/em>: formal clearance, &#8220;nothing stands in the way&#8221; (now a noun: <em>il nulla osta<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>de cuius<\/em>: the deceased person in inheritance proceedings<\/li>\n<li><em>ex officio<\/em> or <em>d&#8217;ufficio<\/em>: by virtue of the office, without need to be asked<\/li>\n<li><em>in toto<\/em>: completely<\/li>\n<li><em>memorandum<\/em>: internal note<\/li>\n<li><em>previa<\/em> or <em>previo<\/em>: &#8220;having first&#8230;&#8221; (previa autorizzazione = after authorisation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Add to these the Italian archaisms that survive only in bureaucratic Italian: <em>siffatto<\/em> (&#8220;such a&#8221;), <em>obliterare<\/em> (to validate a ticket), <em>afferire<\/em> (&#8220;to pertain to&#8221;), <em>ubicare<\/em> (&#8220;to be located&#8221;), <em>perfezionare<\/em> in the sense of &#8220;to finalise paperwork&#8221;. The Treccani entry on burocratese groups them as <em>parole rare<\/em>; in administrative letters they are routine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bureaucratic Italian also keeps a clutch of &#8220;text-internal&#8221; demonstratives, those pointers that say <em>I mentioned this above<\/em>: <em>suddetto<\/em>, <em>predetto<\/em>, <em>anzidetto<\/em>, <em>citato<\/em>, <em>succitato<\/em>, <em>sottoscritto<\/em>. In a Comune letter, <em>la pratica suddetta<\/em> means simply &#8220;the case I mentioned earlier&#8221;. The Crusca and Treccani both flag this cluster as characteristic of administrative writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"abbreviations\">Abbreviations: S.V., c.m., u.s., PEC, cfr.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Administrative letters are dense with abbreviations. Some are decorative (anyone can write <em>questo mese<\/em> instead of <em>c.m.<\/em>), but they are part of the look of italian burocratese and you need to read them at sight. The italian burocratese habit of stacking three or four sigle in a single header line still trips up native speakers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Abbrev.<\/th><th>Full form<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>S.V.<\/td><td>Signoria Vostra<\/td><td>You (formal addressee)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>SS.LL.<\/td><td>Signorie Loro<\/td><td>You (plural formal)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>c.m.<\/td><td>corrente mese<\/td><td>this month<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>u.s.<\/td><td>ultimo scorso<\/td><td>last month<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>p.v.<\/td><td>prossimo venturo<\/td><td>next month<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>n.s. \/ Vs.<\/td><td>nostro \/ Vostro<\/td><td>our \/ your<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>prot.<\/td><td>protocollo<\/td><td>filing number<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>cfr.<\/td><td>confronta<\/td><td>compare, see<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>PEC<\/td><td>Posta Elettronica Certificata<\/td><td>certified email<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>SPID<\/td><td>Sistema Pubblico di Identit\u00e0 Digitale<\/td><td>public digital identity<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>CAP<\/td><td>Codice di Avviamento Postale<\/td><td>postcode<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>IRPEF<\/td><td>Imposta sul Reddito delle Persone Fisiche<\/td><td>personal income tax<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A practical tip: when an Italian administrative letter packs three abbreviations in a row (<em>la pratica n. 1247\/2025 prot. 8891 del 14 u.s.<\/em>), do not translate left to right. Read the noun spine first (<em>la pratica<\/em>) and treat the rest as a filing reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"letters\">Letter conventions: Egregio, Distinti saluti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian formal correspondence has rigid openings and closings, and italian burocratese is the most rigid corner of that world. Memorising the italian burocratese letter scaffolding saves you from rewriting an opening from scratch every time you answer the Comune. The salutation depends on the title of the addressee and the temperature you want to project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Opening<\/th><th>When to use<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Egregio Dottore \/ Egregia Dottoressa<\/td><td>formal, slightly cold, default for letters to professionals<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Spettabile <\/td><td>writing to an office or company, no named person<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Illustre Professore \/ Chiarissimo Prof.<\/td><td>academic context, very formal<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Gentile Signora \/ Gentile Dottoressa<\/td><td>warmer than Egregio, common in modern letters<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Alla cortese attenzione di&#8230;<\/td><td>to flag the named reader inside a company<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Closings follow a similar gradient. <em>Distinti saluti<\/em> is the coldest professional closing, normal in italian burocratese; <em>Cordiali saluti<\/em> is warmer and equally appropriate for business; <em>Cordialmente<\/em> on its own is short and pleasant; <em>In fede<\/em> closes a sworn statement; <em>RingraziandoLa anticipatamente, porgo distinti saluti<\/em> is the full ornate version. Inside a PEC, <em>Distinti saluti<\/em> is still the default unless your relationship with the recipient is friendly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The body in between is built around fixed connectives: <em>in riscontro alla Sua del 12 u.s.<\/em> (&#8220;in reply to yours of 12th of last month&#8221;), <em>con la presente Le comunico che&#8230;<\/em> (&#8220;with this letter I inform you that&#8230;&#8221;), <em>resto a disposizione per ogni eventuale chiarimento<\/em> (&#8220;I remain available for any clarifications&#8221;). Recognising the scaffolding lets you focus on the one or two sentences that carry the actual content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Italian burocratese cheat sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use this italian burocratese cheat sheet as a pocket decoder. When you meet an italian burocratese formula in the wild, swap it for the plain version on the right and the sentence usually clears up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Italian burocratese<\/th><th>Plain Italian<\/th><th>English<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Si comunica alla S.V. che&#8230;<\/td><td>Le scriviamo per dirle che&#8230;<\/td><td>We are writing to inform you that&#8230;<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>In riscontro alla Sua del 12 u.s.<\/td><td>In risposta alla sua lettera del 12 del mese scorso<\/td><td>In reply to your letter of the 12th<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Ai sensi dell&#8217;art. 12 del&#8230;<\/td><td>Secondo l&#8217;articolo 12 del&#8230;<\/td><td>Under article 12 of&#8230;<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Si invita la S.V. a produrre&#8230;<\/td><td>Le chiediamo di mandarci&#8230;<\/td><td>We ask you to send&#8230;<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Entro e non oltre il 30 giugno c.m.<\/td><td>Entro il 30 giugno di questo mese<\/td><td>By 30 June at the latest<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>In difetto di riscontro si proceder\u00e0&#8230;<\/td><td>Se non risponde, faremo&#8230;<\/td><td>Without a reply, we will proceed&#8230;<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Per quanto di competenza<\/td><td>Per la parte che vi riguarda<\/td><td>For the matters in your remit<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Codesto ufficio<\/td><td>Il vostro ufficio<\/td><td>Your office<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>L&#8217;avvenuta presentazione<\/td><td>Quando ha presentato<\/td><td>When you submitted<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Trattasi di mero errore materiale<\/td><td>\u00c8 un semplice errore di trascrizione<\/td><td>It is a simple clerical error<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Si resta in attesa, porgendo distinti saluti<\/td><td>Aspettiamo una risposta. Cordiali saluti<\/td><td>We await reply. Best regards<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Qualora la S.V. non intendesse aderire<\/td><td>Se non vuole accettare<\/td><td>If you do not wish to accept<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: decoding a letter at the Frosinone anagrafe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valentina has just started work at the anagrafe of the Comune di Frosinone. She is reading a raccomandata from the Prefettura and getting tangled in the formulae. Her cousin Edmondo, an avvocato, is on the phone walking her through it. The conversation runs entirely in italian, with Edmondo translating each piece of burocratese into something a human can read.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-buro\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Valentina:<\/strong> Edmondo, mi \u00e8 arrivata una lettera che sembra scritta in un&#8217;altra lingua. Comincia con \u00abAi sensi dell&#8217;art. 7 della legge 241\/1990, si comunica alla S.V. l&#8217;avvio del procedimento in oggetto\u00bb. Cosa vuol dire, esattamente?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Edmondo:<\/strong> Tradotto in italiano normale: \u00abSecondo l&#8217;articolo 7 della legge 241 del 1990, le scriviamo per dirle che stiamo aprendo la pratica indicata nell&#8217;oggetto\u00bb. Quel \u00absi comunica\u00bb nasconde sempre la stessa cosa: un ufficio che ti sta avvisando di qualcosa. L&#8217;articolo della legge serve solo a giustificare perch\u00e9 ti scrivono.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Valentina:<\/strong> E poi continua cos\u00ec: \u00abLa S.V. \u00e8 invitata a produrre la documentazione integrativa entro e non oltre il termine perentorio di trenta giorni dalla ricezione della presente\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Edmondo:<\/strong> Cuore della lettera. \u00abLe chiediamo di mandarci i documenti che mancano entro trenta giorni da quando ha ricevuto questa lettera, ed \u00e8 un termine obbligatorio\u00bb. \u00abTermine perentorio\u00bb significa che se lo sfori perdi il diritto, non \u00e8 una scadenza indicativa.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Valentina:<\/strong> Poi c&#8217;\u00e8 una frase che mi fa impazzire: \u00abIn difetto di riscontro, si proceder\u00e0 all&#8217;archiviazione d&#8217;ufficio della pratica suddetta\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Edmondo:<\/strong> Vuol dire: \u00abSe non risponde, chiudiamo la pratica per nostra iniziativa\u00bb. \u00abD&#8217;ufficio\u00bb \u00e8 il latino <em>ex officio<\/em>, e in burocratese vuol dire \u00absenza che nessuno ce lo chieda, lo facciamo noi automaticamente\u00bb. \u00abLa pratica suddetta\u00bb \u00e8 quella che hanno gi\u00e0 nominato sopra, niente di nuovo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Valentina:<\/strong> Mi blocco sull&#8217;ultima parte: \u00abCodesto ufficio provveder\u00e0 altres\u00ec a darne riscontro alla scrivente amministrazione per quanto di propria competenza\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Edmondo:<\/strong> Questa \u00e8 perfetta come esempio. \u00abCodesto ufficio\u00bb siete voi, l&#8217;anagrafe di Frosinone. \u00abAltres\u00ec\u00bb \u00e8 solo un \u00abanche\u00bb elegante. \u00abLa scrivente amministrazione\u00bb \u00e8 la Prefettura, cio\u00e8 chi ha scritto la lettera. Quindi: \u00abAnche il vostro ufficio deve rispondere alla Prefettura per la parte che vi riguarda\u00bb. Tre quarti delle parole servono solo a non dire n\u00e9 \u00abvoi\u00bb n\u00e9 \u00abnoi\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Valentina:<\/strong> Si chiude con \u00abSi resta in attesa di un cortese riscontro, porgendo distinti saluti\u00bb. A questo punto so anche da sola: \u00abAspettiamo una risposta, cordiali saluti\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Edmondo:<\/strong> Esatto. E hai notato che in tutta la lettera non c&#8217;\u00e8 un solo soggetto umano? \u00abSi comunica\u00bb, \u00ab\u00e8 invitata\u00bb, \u00absi proceder\u00e0\u00bb, \u00absi resta in attesa\u00bb. La Prefettura scrive come se fosse una nuvola, non un edificio pieno di funzionari. \u00c8 il marchio di fabbrica del burocratese italiano.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Valentina:<\/strong> Adesso preparo la risposta. Apro con \u00abEgregio Prefetto\u00bb o \u00abSpettabile Prefettura\u00bb?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Edmondo:<\/strong> Se conosci il nome del Prefetto, \u00abEgregio Prefetto\u00bb con il cognome. Se scrivi all&#8217;ufficio in generale, \u00abSpettabile Prefettura di Frosinone\u00bb. Chiudi con \u00abDistinti saluti\u00bb, \u00e8 il tono giusto. E se vuoi un consiglio: scrivi il corpo in italiano normale. La Prefettura \u00e8 abituata al burocratese, ma una lettera chiara fa sempre piacere.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenge\">Mini-challenge: rewrite three sentences in plain Italian<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-buro-3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Final challenge.<\/strong> Rewrite each italian burocratese sentence as something you would actually say or text to a friend.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si rappresenta alla S.V. che, qualora non venga prodotta la documentazione richiesta entro il termine sopra indicato, si proceder\u00e0 al rigetto dell&#8217;istanza in oggetto.<\/li>\n<li>Trasmettesi, per quanto di competenza, copia conforme del verbale prefato, ai sensi dell&#8217;art. 5 del vigente regolamento.<\/li>\n<li>Vossignoria \u00e8 pregata di voler comunicare alla scrivente amministrazione l&#8217;avvenuto ricevimento della presente, entro e non oltre il 15 c.m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Le diciamo che, se non ci manda i documenti entro la scadenza, respingiamo la sua domanda.<br>2. Le mandiamo, per le cose che la riguardano, una copia conforme del verbale che ho gi\u00e0 citato, secondo l&#8217;articolo 5 del regolamento attuale.<br>3. 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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"613\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Decoding bureaucratic Italian<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"98\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Spot the correct sentence<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pick the bureaucratic term<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Italian officialese has fixed words: il sottoscritto (the undersigned), ai sensi di (pursuant to), si allega (is enclosed), si trasmette (is forwarded). The distractors are everyday or invented words that don&#8217;t belong in a form.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"7351\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <ul><li>Il (sottofirmato, sottoscritto, sottinteso) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sottoscritto)<\/span><\/span> dichiara di essere maggiorenne.<br><br><em>The undersigned declares being of age.<\/em><\/li><li>Si (comunica, spiffera, sbandiera) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(comunica)<\/span><\/span> che gli sportelli resteranno chiusi.<br><br><em>It is hereby communicated that the offices will be closed.<\/em><\/li><li>La domanda va (buttata, lanciata, inoltrata) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(inoltrata)<\/span><\/span> entro il termine stabilito.<br><br><em>The application must be submitted by the set deadline.<\/em><\/li><li>Ai (sensi, versi, modi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sensi)<\/span><\/span> dell'articolo 3, si procede d'ufficio.<br><br><em>Pursuant to article 3, the matter proceeds automatically.<\/em><\/li><li>Si (sta, resta, mette) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(resta)<\/span><\/span> in attesa di un cortese riscontro.<br><br><em>We remain awaiting a kind reply.<\/em><\/li><li>Il presente atto (cade, casca, decade) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(decade)<\/span><\/span> alla scadenza indicata.<br><br><em>This deed lapses at the indicated expiry.<\/em><\/li><li>Si (attacca, allega, incolla) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(allega)<\/span><\/span> copia del documento richiesto.<br><br><em>A copy of the requested document is enclosed.<\/em><\/li><li>L'istanza \u00e8 stata (cacciata, scacciata, respinta) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(respinta)<\/span><\/span> per vizio di forma.<br><br><em>The application was rejected on formal grounds.<\/em><\/li><li>Si (trasmette, molla, scarica) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(trasmette)<\/span><\/span> la pratica alla sede competente.<br><br><em>The file is forwarded to the competent branch.<\/em><\/li><li>Vogliate (prendere, gradire, beccare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(gradire)<\/span><\/span> i nostri distinti saluti.<br><br><em>Please accept our distinguished regards.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>All ten right. You read bureaucratic Italian.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>il sottoscritto dichiara; ai sensi dell&#8217;articolo 3; si allega copia; si trasmette la pratica; l&#8217;atto decade alla scadenza.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Officialese uses set terms: il sottoscritto, ai sensi di, si allega, si trasmette, decade.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>In each group, pick the sentence in correct bureaucratic style.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"7352\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Il sottofirmato dichiara quanto segue.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Il sottinteso dichiara quanto segue.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Il sottoscritto dichiara quanto segue.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Si comunica la chiusura degli sportelli.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Si spiffera la chiusura degli sportelli.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Si sbandiera la chiusura degli sportelli.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Ai versi dell'articolo 3 si procede.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Ai sensi dell'articolo 3 si procede.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Ai modi dell'articolo 3 si procede.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Si allega copia del documento.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Si attacca copia del documento.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Si incolla copia del documento.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Il presente atto cade alla scadenza.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Il presente atto casca alla scadenza.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Il presente atto decade alla scadenza.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Si molla la pratica alla sede.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Si trasmette la pratica alla sede.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1241_7352\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Si scarica la pratica alla sede.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Six out of six.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Il sottoscritto dichiara; Si comunica la chiusura; Ai sensi dell&#8217;articolo; Si allega copia; L&#8217;atto decade; Si trasmette la pratica.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Officialese: il sottoscritto, si comunica, ai sensi di, si allega, si trasmette, decade.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_1241',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 1241,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 16,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"613\":10,\"98\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"7351\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":7351,\"catId\":613,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"sottoscritto\"],[\"comunica\"],[\"inoltrata\"],[\"sensi\"],[\"resta\"],[\"decade\"],[\"allega\"],[\"respinta\"],[\"trasmette\"],[\"gradire\"]]},\"7352\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":7352,\"catId\":98,\"points\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0],\"correct\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about italian burocratese surface again and again among learners. The points below draw on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/tag\/burocratese\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani entry on burocratese<\/a> and the Crusca work on administrative language.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-buro-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why do Italian official letters still address me as la Signoria Vostra?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>La Signoria Vostra (abbreviated la S.V.) and its variants la Vostra Signoria and Vossignoria are forms of respect inherited from courtly Italian, where the addressee was named through an abstract feminine noun (la signoria, la dignita, la cortesia) rather than directly. Modern Italian uses Lei or voi, but italian burocratese kept the old courtly form because it sounds formal and impersonal at the same time. A practical note: adjectives and past participles agreeing with la S.V. stay feminine even when the addressee is a man (la S.V. e pregata di presentarsi).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-buro-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What does codesto mean and when is it used?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Codesto is a demonstrative meaning close to you, the listener or reader. It belonged to a three-way medieval system (questo near me, codesto near you, quello far from both) that modern spoken Italian has flattened to questo and quello. The word survives in Tuscan dialect and in italian burocratese, where codesto ufficio means your office and codesta amministrazione means your administration. In a Comune letter to another office, codesto is the standard polite reference to the recipient.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-buro-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between altresi and anche in formal Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Anche means also and works in every register. Altresi means exactly the same thing but is restricted to legal, juridical and bureaucratic writing. You will see altresi in court rulings, administrative letters, ministerial circulars, almost never in journalism or conversation. Treccani treats altresi as belonging only to scritto di registro giuridico o burocratico. If you are writing a formal letter to an office, altresi is appropriate; in a friendly message, it sounds laughable.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-buro-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does burocratese use nouns where ordinary Italian uses verbs?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Nominalization (verb turning into a noun) is one of the core features of italian burocratese. L&#8217;erogazione del contributo replaces erogare il contributo, l&#8217;inoltro della pratica replaces inoltrare la pratica. Nouns are easier to chain together with prepositions and detach from a specific subject, which suits the impersonal voice the administration wants to project. The cost is readability: noun-heavy sentences are slower to process and harder to remember than verb-driven ones. Treccani lists nominalization among the defining traits of administrative writing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-buro-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What does ai sensi di mean in administrative letters?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Ai sensi di plus the citation of a law or regulation means under, in accordance with, pursuant to. The phrase introduces the legal basis on which the administration is acting. Ai sensi dell&#8217;art. 7 della legge 241\/1990 tells you the writer is invoking article 7 of law 241 of 1990 as authority for what follows. In plain Italian you can replace ai sensi di with secondo or in base a. The full citation matters legally; for comprehension, you can almost always skip it on first read and focus on the actual request.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-buro-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How should I close a formal Italian email, Distinti saluti or Cordiali saluti?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both are correct in formal correspondence, with a small temperature difference. Distinti saluti is the most neutral and slightly cooler closing, traditional in italian burocratese and still the default for letters and PECs to offices, banks, and authorities you do not know personally. Cordiali saluti is warmer and works well in professional emails where you want to keep the formal tone but soften it. Cordialmente alone is short and pleasant. In fede is reserved for sworn statements. Avoid Saluti by itself in a formal letter: it sounds curt.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that pair with italian burocratese, plus the institutional reference on the language of public administration.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-newspaper-language\/\">Italian Newspaper Language: How Journalese Sounds (C1)<\/a>: the sister register, with nominalization and passive si in headlines.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-si-passivante\/\">Italian Si Passivante: Why &#8216;Si Vendono Libri&#8217; Is Plural (C1)<\/a>: the impersonal si construction at the heart of bureaucratic prose.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-questi-quegli-literary\/\">Italian Questi, Quegli: Literary Pronouns for He<\/a>: formal pronouns that overlap with bureaucratic and legal Italian.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/contenuti\/guida-alla-redazione-degli-atti-amministrativi-regole-e-suggerimenti\/155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Guida alla redazione degli atti amministrativi<\/a>: institutional guidelines on writing clearer administrative documents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Italian burocratese decoded for C1 learners: la Signoria Vostra, ai sensi di, codesto ufficio, noun-heavy passives, Latinisms, and PEC abbreviations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1867,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c1","category-lingua","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60927"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60927\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62338,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60927\/revisions\/62338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}