{"id":60860,"date":"2026-05-28T07:06:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T22:06:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=60860"},"modified":"2026-06-01T09:08:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T00:08:08","slug":"italian-may-not-vs-cannot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-may-not-vs-cannot\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian May Not vs Cannot: Pu\u00f2 Non vs Non Pu\u00f2 (B1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> English uses one frame, <em>may not \/ might not \/ cannot<\/em>, where <strong>italian may not vs cannot<\/strong> splits into three or four different shapes. <em>Non pu\u00f2 venire<\/em> means &#8220;she cannot come&#8221;: something blocks her, the door is shut. <em>Pu\u00f2 non venire<\/em> means &#8220;she may well not come&#8221;: the option of not coming is open. <em>Potrebbe non venire<\/em> is softer still, &#8220;she might not come&#8221;, a guess you are floating. And <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che non venga<\/em> (with the subjunctive) is the most tentative of all, &#8220;maybe she won&#8217;t come&#8221;. Get the four apart and Italian stops sounding like a translation of English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This italian may not vs cannot guide untangles the four patterns one by one, with a Pisa pasticceria dialogue, a cheat sheet, and a quiz to lock them in. By the end of the italian may not vs cannot walk-through, you will know exactly where the <em>non<\/em> goes, why the subjunctive shows up after <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che<\/em>, and why <em>non pu\u00f2 non venire<\/em> means the opposite of what a beginner expects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-mnvc\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-mnvc gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#oneliner\">The italian may not vs cannot one-liner<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#non-puo\">Non pu\u00f2: the door is shut<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#puo-non\">Pu\u00f2 non: the option of not doing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#puo-anche-non\">Pu\u00f2 anche non: the reinforced version<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#potrebbe-non\">Potrebbe non: the speculative might-not<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#puo-darsi\">Pu\u00f2 darsi che non plus subjunctive<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#non-puo-non\">Non pu\u00f2 non: the double negative trap<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue at Salza in Borgo Stretto, Pisa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mini-challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"oneliner\">The italian may not vs cannot one-liner<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where you put the <em>non<\/em> changes the meaning. <em>Non<\/em> before <em>pu\u00f2<\/em> denies the modal itself: nothing is possible, full stop. <em>Non<\/em> after <em>pu\u00f2<\/em>, before the infinitive, leaves the modal alive and denies only the action: not doing the thing is on the table. That is the whole italian may not vs cannot puzzle in one line.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loredana non pu\u00f2 venire alla festa.<br><em>Loredana cannot come to the party. (she is blocked, the door is shut)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Loredana pu\u00f2 non venire alla festa.<br><em>Loredana may well not come to the party. (the option of skipping is open)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English collapses both into &#8220;Loredana may not come&#8221; or &#8220;Loredana might not come&#8221;, and lets context sort the rest. Italian asks you to pick before you finish the sentence. Add a third tier with <em>potrebbe non venire<\/em> (softer guess) and a fourth with <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che non venga<\/em> (impersonal, with the subjunctive) and you have the full italian may not vs cannot inventory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"non-puo\">Non pu\u00f2: the door is shut<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first shape in the italian may not vs cannot family is the easiest. Picture a small pasticceria in Pisa: the owner has run out of fresh cream and the millefoglie cannot be made today. <em>Non posso prepararla<\/em>, she says: the ingredient is missing, the result is impossible. <em>Non pu\u00f2<\/em> plus infinitive denies the modal itself, the cleanest of the italian may not vs cannot patterns. There is no permission, no ability, no chance.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loredana non pu\u00f2 venire al compleanno, \u00e8 bloccata in ufficio fino alle nove.<br><em>Loredana cannot come to the birthday, she is stuck at the office until nine.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ettore non pu\u00f2 rispondere al telefono, ha le mani nella pasta sfoglia.<br><em>Ettore cannot answer the phone, his hands are in the puff pastry.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il forno non pu\u00f2 cuocere il pane sopra i duecentocinquanta gradi, si brucia.<br><em>The oven cannot bake bread above 250 degrees, it burns.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Teresa non pu\u00f2 mangiare le fragole perch\u00e9 \u00e8 allergica.<br><em>Teresa cannot eat strawberries because she is allergic.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non puoi entrare con il cane, in questo negozio non \u00e8 permesso.<br><em>You cannot come in with the dog, it is not allowed in this shop.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reason behind <em>non pu\u00f2<\/em> can be physical (the oven), medical (the allergy), legal (the no-dogs rule), social (an unbreakable engagement), or just practical (the hands in the dough). What unites them is that the speaker treats the action as <strong>off the table<\/strong>. English &#8220;cannot&#8221; or &#8220;can&#8217;t&#8221; lands almost every time.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-mnvc-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task on italian may not vs cannot.<\/strong> Decide whether the situation calls for <em>non pu\u00f2<\/em> (impossible \/ blocked).<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The doctor said no salt for a month. Loredana ___ aggiungere il sale alla zuppa.<\/li>\n<li>The shop is closed on Mondays. Oggi ___ comprare la focaccia.<\/li>\n<li>The bank refused the loan. Ettore ___ aprire la pasticceria a Pisa quest&#8217;anno.<\/li>\n<li>Ettore is free until seven and would love to drop by. (Does <em>non pu\u00f2<\/em> fit? Yes\/No)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. non pu\u00f2 aggiungere (medical block)<\/p>\n<p>2. non possiamo comprare (the shop is shut)<\/p>\n<p>3. non pu\u00f2 aprire (the loan was denied)<\/p>\n<p>4. No. <em>Non pu\u00f2<\/em> would be wrong: nothing blocks Ettore. Use <em>pu\u00f2 venire<\/em> or <em>potrebbe passare<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"puo-non\">Pu\u00f2 non: the option of not doing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second shape in the italian may not vs cannot system is where the <em>non<\/em> slips to the other side of the modal. <em>Pu\u00f2 non<\/em> plus infinitive keeps the modal alive and applies it to the negative action: doing nothing, skipping, holding back. The possibility is open, the door is not shut at all, and this is where italian may not vs cannot starts to feel less obvious to English speakers.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loredana pu\u00f2 non venire alla festa, preferisce stare con i nipoti.<br><em>Loredana may well not come to the party, she prefers to stay with her grandchildren.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il pasticcere pu\u00f2 non aggiungere lo zucchero a velo, se preferisci la sfogliatella al naturale.<br><em>The pastry chef can leave out the icing sugar, if you prefer the sfogliatella plain.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Loredana pu\u00f2 non firmare il contratto, le clausole non le piacciono.<br><em>Loredana is free not to sign the contract, she doesn&#8217;t like the clauses.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;abbreviazione pu\u00f2 non essere segnalata dal punto finale.<br><em>The abbreviation may not be marked by a final dot.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last example is the kind of sentence you find in usage notes from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/potere2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani<\/a>: <em>pu\u00f2 non<\/em> plus infinitive is normal written Italian, used when the speaker wants to flag a real possibility of the action <em>not<\/em> happening. In spoken Italian, the same shape carries a faint flavour of permission or option: <em>puoi non venire, basta che ci avvisi<\/em> means &#8220;you are free not to come, just let us know&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compare the two side by side:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loredana non pu\u00f2 firmare il contratto. <em>(her lawyer forbids it, signing is off the table)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Loredana pu\u00f2 non firmare il contratto. <em>(signing or not signing is her choice)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Same six words, the <em>non<\/em> moves by two positions, the meaning flips. This is the italian may not vs cannot trap in its purest form, and it sits right at the centre of the italian may not vs cannot puzzle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"puo-anche-non\">Pu\u00f2 anche non: the reinforced version<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The third shape in the italian may not vs cannot inventory is a reinforced cousin of <em>pu\u00f2 non<\/em>. Italians often slip <em>anche<\/em> between the modal and the <em>non<\/em> to underline that the option is genuinely open. <em>Pu\u00f2 anche non venire<\/em> says: yes, it&#8217;s perfectly possible she won&#8217;t come, and that&#8217;s fine. Without <em>anche<\/em>, the sentence stays a bit dry; with <em>anche<\/em>, it sounds relaxed and conversational.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loredana pu\u00f2 anche non venire al compleanno, basta che ci avvisi entro venerd\u00ec.<br><em>Loredana may well not come to the birthday, as long as she lets us know by Friday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Puoi anche non rispondere subito al messaggio, ti aspetto.<br><em>You don&#8217;t have to reply to the message right away, I&#8217;ll wait.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il torrone pu\u00f2 anche non contenere miele, alcune varianti usano solo zucchero.<br><em>Torrone may well not contain honey, some versions use only sugar.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inside the italian may not vs cannot family, this <em>anche<\/em> is not &#8220;also&#8221;: it is closer to &#8220;even&#8221; or &#8220;perfectly well&#8221;. A natural English rendering is &#8220;you may well not&#8221;, &#8220;you don&#8217;t have to&#8221;, or &#8220;it&#8217;s perfectly fine not to&#8221;. Reach for <em>pu\u00f2 anche non<\/em> when you want to grant permission to do nothing, or to acknowledge that the negative outcome is acceptable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"potrebbe-non\">Potrebbe non: the speculative might-not<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fourth shape in the italian may not vs cannot range is the speculative one. Shift <em>pu\u00f2<\/em> to the conditional and you get <em>potrebbe<\/em>: a guess, a soft prediction, a hedge. <em>Potrebbe non venire<\/em> is &#8220;she might not come&#8221;: you are floating a possibility based on what you know, not stating a fact or granting an option. This is the italian may not vs cannot shape that most often shows up in weather forecasts, delivery updates, and any sentence about an uncertain future.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loredana potrebbe non venire, il treno da Lucca era in ritardo di mezz&#8217;ora.<br><em>Loredana might not come, the train from Lucca was half an hour late.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Potrebbe non piovere domani, ma portati l&#8217;ombrello lo stesso.<br><em>It might not rain tomorrow, but take your umbrella anyway.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La consegna potrebbe non arrivare in giornata, il corriere ha avuto un guasto.<br><em>The delivery might not arrive today, the courier had a breakdown.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ettore potrebbe non accettare lo sconto, \u00e8 molto preciso con i prezzi.<br><em>Ettore might not accept the discount, he is very strict about prices.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three flavours separate <em>pu\u00f2 non<\/em>, <em>pu\u00f2 anche non<\/em> and <em>potrebbe non<\/em>. <em>Pu\u00f2 non<\/em> states a flat possibility, often with a permission tone. <em>Pu\u00f2 anche non<\/em> turns up the volume on the option. <em>Potrebbe non<\/em> swaps possibility for speculation: the speaker is no longer granting freedom, just guessing about an outcome. English &#8220;might not&#8221; lines up with <em>potrebbe non<\/em> almost word for word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"puo-darsi\">Pu\u00f2 darsi che non plus subjunctive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fifth shape in the italian may not vs cannot family is the most tentative, and the only one that demands a different mood: <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che<\/em>. The phrase means &#8220;it may be that&#8221;, &#8220;perhaps&#8221;, &#8220;possibly&#8221;, and the verb in the clause that follows always sits in the subjunctive. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/potere2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani<\/a> lists it among the impersonal expressions of possibility; standard Italian usage treats the subjunctive after it as obligatory.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che Loredana non venga, ha la nonna malata a Lucca.<br><em>It may be that Loredana doesn&#8217;t come, her grandmother in Lucca is unwell.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che il treno non arrivi in orario, c&#8217;\u00e8 uno sciopero.<br><em>It may be that the train doesn&#8217;t arrive on time, there&#8217;s a strike.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che Ettore non riesca a finire la torta entro le sei.<br><em>It may be that Ettore doesn&#8217;t manage to finish the cake by six.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che non piova, ma il cielo \u00e8 scuro.<br><em>It may be that it doesn&#8217;t rain, but the sky is dark.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice the shape: <em>pu\u00f2 darsi<\/em> stays fixed in the present (it does not conjugate for person), <em>che<\/em> always follows, and the verb after switches to the subjunctive (<em>venga<\/em>, <em>arrivi<\/em>, <em>riesca<\/em>, <em>piova<\/em>). This pattern is so frozen that even in informal speech the subjunctive holds; replacing it with the indicative (<em>pu\u00f2 darsi che viene<\/em>) sounds wrong to native ears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An even softer variant exists: <em>potrebbe darsi che non venga<\/em>, where the conditional <em>potrebbe<\/em> adds one more layer of doubt. Reserve it for moments when you really want to underline that you are only guessing. For everyday speculation, <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che non venga<\/em> is the workhorse.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-mnvc-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task on italian may not vs cannot.<\/strong> Conjugate the verb in brackets in the present subjunctive after <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che Loredana ___ (venire) in ritardo.<\/li>\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che il pasticcere non ___ (avere) abbastanza panna.<\/li>\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che Ettore ___ (essere) ancora al telefono.<\/li>\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che noi non ___ (riuscire) a trovare parcheggio in Borgo Stretto.<\/li>\n<li>Pu\u00f2 darsi che voi ___ (sapere) la risposta meglio di me.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. venga &middot; 2. abbia &middot; 3. sia &middot; 4. riusciamo &middot; 5. sappiate<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"non-puo-non\">Non pu\u00f2 non: the double negative trap<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One last shape in the italian may not vs cannot inventory, and it catches every English speaker once. Stack two <em>non<\/em>&#8216;s around <em>pu\u00f2<\/em> and you get the opposite of what you might expect. <em>Non pu\u00f2 non venire<\/em> does not mean &#8220;she cannot not come&#8221; in some confused sense: it means she simply <strong>has to<\/strong> come, there is no way around it. Two negatives cancel, the modal turns into an obligation in disguise.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loredana non pu\u00f2 non venire al matrimonio di sua sorella.<br><em>Loredana simply has to come to her sister&#8217;s wedding.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non puoi non assaggiare i bocconotti di Salza, sono leggendari a Pisa.<br><em>You simply have to try Salza&#8217;s bocconotti, they are legendary in Pisa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ettore non pu\u00f2 non rispondere al messaggio del capo entro stasera.<br><em>Ettore simply has to reply to the boss&#8217;s message by tonight.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This italian may not vs cannot construction works best when the speaker wants to sound emphatic without using <em>deve<\/em>. <em>Deve venire<\/em> states a plain duty; <em>non pu\u00f2 non venire<\/em> dresses the same duty in a more rhetorical shape, closer to &#8220;she can&#8217;t possibly stay away&#8221; or &#8220;there&#8217;s no way she doesn&#8217;t come&#8221;. You will hear this italian may not vs cannot pattern in journalism, in heated conversations, in the kind of sentence that ends with an exclamation point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table for the italian may not vs cannot system, six rows for the six italian may not vs cannot shapes. Keep this italian may not vs cannot cheat sheet open while you build your next sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Italian shape<\/th><th>What it means<\/th><th>English equivalent<\/th><th>Mood after<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>non pu\u00f2 + inf.<\/td><td>the action is impossible \/ blocked<\/td><td>cannot, can&#8217;t<\/td><td>infinitive<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>pu\u00f2 non + inf.<\/td><td>the option of not doing is open<\/td><td>may well not, doesn&#8217;t have to<\/td><td>infinitive<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>pu\u00f2 anche non + inf.<\/td><td>reinforced: skipping is perfectly fine<\/td><td>you don&#8217;t have to, it&#8217;s fine not to<\/td><td>infinitive<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>potrebbe non + inf.<\/td><td>speculation \/ soft prediction<\/td><td>might not<\/td><td>infinitive<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>pu\u00f2 darsi che non + verb<\/td><td>impersonal speculation, most tentative<\/td><td>maybe &#8230; not, it may be that &#8230; not<\/td><td>subjunctive<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>non pu\u00f2 non + inf.<\/td><td>double negative equals strong obligation<\/td><td>simply has to, can&#8217;t possibly not<\/td><td>infinitive<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three mistakes English speakers make<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three slips with italian may not vs cannot give a learner away every time. Fixing the three italian may not vs cannot mistakes below is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1 with italian may not vs cannot.<\/strong> Using <em>non pu\u00f2<\/em> for &#8220;might not&#8221;. English &#8220;she might not come&#8221; is a guess, not a blockage. The right Italian is <em>potrebbe non venire<\/em> or <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che non venga<\/em>, never <em>non pu\u00f2 venire<\/em> (which firmly shuts the door).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2 with italian may not vs cannot.<\/strong> Putting the indicative after <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che<\/em>. The phrase fixes the subjunctive: <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che venga<\/em>, <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che non riesca<\/em>, <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che sia<\/em>. Saying <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che viene<\/em> is one of the cleanest signs of a beginner, and even casual Italian keeps the subjunctive here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3 with italian may not vs cannot.<\/strong> Reading <em>non pu\u00f2 non venire<\/em> as a negative. The two <em>non<\/em>&#8216;s cancel: the sentence means &#8220;she simply has to come&#8221;. If you mean &#8220;she cannot come&#8221;, drop one <em>non<\/em> and say <em>non pu\u00f2 venire<\/em>. If you mean &#8220;she may not come&#8221;, move the <em>non<\/em>: <em>pu\u00f2 non venire<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue at Salza in Borgo Stretto, Pisa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian may not vs cannot dialogue below shows the five shapes in action. Loredana stops by Salza, the historic pasticceria on Borgo Stretto in Pisa, where her friend Ettore works behind the counter. She is organising a small birthday for a cousin and trying to confirm who&#8217;s coming. Watch how all five italian may not vs cannot shapes turn up in a single conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-mnvc\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Loredana:<\/strong> Ciao Ettore, sono passata per ordinare la torta per il compleanno di Margherita. La vorrei per domenica alle quattro.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Ettore:<\/strong> Per domenica posso fare la millefoglie, per\u00f2 la chantilly la preparo all&#8217;ultimo. Non pu\u00f2 aspettare in vetrina pi\u00f9 di un&#8217;ora, altrimenti perde la consistenza.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Loredana:<\/strong> Va bene, allora la ritiro alle tre e mezza. Senti, pu\u00f2 darsi che siamo in meno del previsto. Mia cugina di Lucca potrebbe non venire, il marito \u00e8 influenzato.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Ettore:<\/strong> Quanti siete sicuri?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Loredana:<\/strong> Otto certi. Pi\u00f9 due forse. Anche Beatrice pu\u00f2 non venire, ha un turno in ospedale che le hanno spostato due volte.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Ettore:<\/strong> Allora preparo per dieci. Se siete in otto, la fetta abbondante non fa male a nessuno.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Loredana:<\/strong> Perfetto. E poi vorrei una scatola di bocconotti, anche di quelli alla crema. I bocconotti di Salza non puoi non assaggiarli, dico sempre.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Ettore:<\/strong> Ne ho una vaschetta fresca di stamattina. Vuoi che ti aggiunga anche due cantucci? Possono anche non piacerti, ma li offro come assaggio.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Loredana:<\/strong> Grazie, gentilissimo. Senti, una cosa: se domenica per qualche motivo non riesco a passare alle tre e mezza, pu\u00f2 darsi che mandi mio fratello a ritirare. Va bene lo stesso?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Ettore:<\/strong> Certo, basta che mi avvisi. La torta non pu\u00f2 restare fuori frigo dopo le cinque, quello s\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Loredana:<\/strong> Allora ci sentiamo sabato sera per conferma. A presto, Ettore.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Ettore:<\/strong> A presto, Loredana. Saluti a Margherita.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What to notice in the dialogue<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Non pu\u00f2 aspettare in vetrina pi\u00f9 di un&#8217;ora<\/strong>: <em>non pu\u00f2<\/em>, the action is impossible (the cream collapses).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pu\u00f2 darsi che siamo in meno<\/strong>: present subjunctive <em>siamo<\/em> (same form as the indicative for <em>noi<\/em>, which is why this looks invisible).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Potrebbe non venire<\/strong>: speculation about Loredana&#8217;s cousin, soft guess.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anche Beatrice pu\u00f2 non venire<\/strong>: the option of not coming is on the table, neutral statement of possibility.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Non puoi non assaggiarli<\/strong>: double negative, strong &#8220;you simply have to try them&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Possono anche non piacerti<\/strong>: reinforced option, &#8220;they may well not be to your taste, no pressure&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pu\u00f2 darsi che mandi<\/strong>: subjunctive <em>mandi<\/em>, speculation about a future action.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La torta non pu\u00f2 restare fuori frigo<\/strong>: <em>non pu\u00f2<\/em>, a hard rule of pastry handling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mini-challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-mnvc-final\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Final challenge on italian may not vs cannot.<\/strong> Translate into natural Italian using the right italian may not vs cannot shape.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Loredana cannot come, the office is keeping her until nine.<\/li>\n<li>Loredana may well not come, she&#8217;d rather stay home tonight.<\/li>\n<li>Loredana might not come, her train was late.<\/li>\n<li>Maybe Loredana doesn&#8217;t come, who knows.<\/li>\n<li>Loredana simply has to come, it&#8217;s her cousin&#8217;s birthday.<\/li>\n<li>You don&#8217;t have to taste the cantucci, they are a free sample.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Loredana non pu\u00f2 venire, l&#8217;ufficio la trattiene fino alle nove.<\/em> (blocked)<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Loredana pu\u00f2 non venire, preferisce stare a casa stasera.<\/em> (option open)<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>Loredana potrebbe non venire, il treno era in ritardo.<\/em> (speculation)<\/p>\n<p>4. <em>Pu\u00f2 darsi che Loredana non venga, chi lo sa.<\/em> (impersonal + subjunctive)<\/p>\n<p>5. <em>Loredana non pu\u00f2 non venire, \u00e8 il compleanno di sua cugina.<\/em> (double neg = must)<\/p>\n<p>6. <em>Puoi anche non assaggiare i cantucci, sono un omaggio.<\/em> (reinforced option)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lock in italian may not vs cannot by reading the six shapes out loud, one after another, until your ear stops needing to think. Try this italian may not vs cannot drill: pick three friends and write one sentence with each of the five patterns about whether they will be at the next gathering. Reread your italian may not vs cannot sentences after a week and notice which patterns came naturally and which still feel forced. That gap is the muscle that needs the next round of practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the quiz below to test what you&#8217;ve learned about <em>italian may not vs cannot<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-mnvc\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_1164\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. 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style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Let&#8217;s strengthen the foundations on this topic.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>10-Lesson Package<\/strong> gives you ten focused 55-minute sessions with a native teacher, at your own pace.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">10-Lesson Package<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"10-Lesson Package\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Get the 10-Lesson Package &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Solid base. Let&#8217;s build on it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>weekly 1:1 lesson<\/strong> gives you the rhythm and the personalised feedback to turn what you know into what you say automatically.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Weekly 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Weekly 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Book a Weekly 1:1 lesson &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Great work. You&#8217;re ready for the group.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> In the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> you&#8217;ll move from solid grammar to live conversation.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! You nailed it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> Step into the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> to turn accurate Italian into fluent Italian.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pick the right order<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>non pu\u00f2 + infinitive = cannot (is unable); pu\u00f2 non + infinitive = may choose not to (is free not to). The meaning given in English tells you the order.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#888;\">If your keyboard has no Italian accents, type an apostrophe instead: <code>e'<\/code> for <code>\u00e8<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"7197\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <ul><li>\u00c8 a letto con la febbre e (pu\u00f2 non, non pu\u00f2, non possono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(non pu\u00f2, non puo')<\/span><\/span> venire al lavoro.<br><br><em>He's in bed with a fever and can't come to work.<\/em><\/li><li>Se preferisce, il testimone (pu\u00f2 non, non pu\u00f2, pu\u00f2 di non) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(pu\u00f2 non, puo' non)<\/span><\/span> rispondere alla domanda.<br><br><em>If he prefers, the witness may choose not to answer the question.<\/em><\/li><li>Con questa nebbia l'aereo (pu\u00f2 non, non puoi, non pu\u00f2) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(non pu\u00f2, non puo')<\/span><\/span> decollare.<br><br><em>With this fog the plane can't take off.<\/em><\/li><li>Nessuno ti obbliga: (puoi non, non puoi, puoi di non) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(puoi non)<\/span><\/span> partecipare al gioco.<br><br><em>No one's forcing you: you're free not to take part in the game.<\/em><\/li><li>Mi dispiace, ma adesso (posso non, non posso, non possa) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(non posso)<\/span><\/span> aiutarti.<br><br><em>I'm sorry, but I can't help you right now.<\/em><\/li><li>Sono fatti suoi: lui (non pu\u00f2, pu\u00f2 di non, pu\u00f2 non) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(pu\u00f2 non, puo' non)<\/span><\/span> dirci dove va.<br><br><em>It's his own business: he's free not to tell us where he's going.<\/em><\/li><li>La caviglia \u00e8 gonfia, il giocatore (pu\u00f2 non, non pu\u00f2, non puoi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(non pu\u00f2, non puo')<\/span><\/span> scendere in campo.<br><br><em>The ankle is swollen, the player can't take the field.<\/em><\/li><li>Sei libero di scegliere: (non puoi, puoi di non, puoi non) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(puoi non)<\/span><\/span> seguire il mio consiglio.<br><br><em>You're free to choose: you don't have to follow my advice.<\/em><\/li><li>Senza la patente lui (non pu\u00f2, pu\u00f2 non, non possono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(non pu\u00f2, non puo')<\/span><\/span> guidare l'auto.<br><br><em>Without a licence he can't drive the car.<\/em><\/li><li>Se \u00e8 troppo stanca, stasera (non pu\u00f2, pu\u00f2 non, pu\u00f2 di non) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(pu\u00f2 non, puo' non)<\/span><\/span> finire il lavoro.<br><br><em>If she's too tired, tonight she can leave the work unfinished.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>All ten right. You place the negation by meaning.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>\u00e8 malato, non pu\u00f2 venire (cannot); se preferisce, pu\u00f2 non venire (free not to); l&#8217;aereo non pu\u00f2 decollare; puoi non firmare se hai dubbi.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Inability -> non pu\u00f2; permission\/freedom not to do it -> pu\u00f2 non. The word order carries the meaning.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>In each group, pick the ONE grammatically correct sentence.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"7198\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Con la febbre non puote uscire.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Con la febbre no pu\u00f2 uscire.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Con la febbre non pu\u00f2 uscire.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Se preferisce, pu\u00f2 non rispondere.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Se preferisce, pu\u00f2 di non rispondere.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Se preferisce, puote non rispondere.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> L'aereo non possono decollare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> L'aereo non pu\u00f2 decollare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> L'aereo no pu\u00f2 decollare oggi.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Sei libero: puoi non partecipare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Sei libero: puoi di non partecipare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Sei libero: puote non partecipare.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Mi dispiace, non possa aiutarti.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Mi dispiace, no posso aiutarti.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Mi dispiace, non posso aiutarti.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Senza patente non puote guidare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Senza patente non pu\u00f2 guidare.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1164_7198\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Senza patente no pu\u00f2 guidare lui.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Six out of six.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Con la febbre non pu\u00f2 uscire; Pu\u00f2 non rispondere; L&#8217;aereo non pu\u00f2 decollare; Puoi non partecipare; Non posso aiutarti; Senza patente non pu\u00f2 guidare.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Both orders exist, but watch the verb form: non puote \/ pu\u00f2 di non \/ no pu\u00f2 are wrong.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px 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                  <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_1164',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 1164,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 16,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"536\":10,\"98\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"7197\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":7197,\"catId\":536,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"non pu\\u00f2\",\"non puo'\"],[\"pu\\u00f2 non\",\"puo' non\"],[\"non pu\\u00f2\",\"non puo'\"],[\"puoi non\"],[\"non posso\"],[\"pu\\u00f2 non\",\"puo' non\"],[\"non pu\\u00f2\",\"non puo'\"],[\"puoi non\"],[\"non pu\\u00f2\",\"non puo'\"],[\"pu\\u00f2 non\",\"puo' non\"]]},\"7198\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":7198,\"catId\":98,\"points\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0],\"correct\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six italian may not vs cannot questions come up in every B1 cohort. These italian may not vs cannot answers draw on real classroom conversations and on real student questions about italian may not vs cannot from the forums. The institutional reference for the impersonal <em>pu\u00f2 darsi che<\/em> is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/potere2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani vocabolario entry on potere<\/a>, which lists <em>pu\u00f2 darsi<\/em> among the fixed impersonal expressions of possibility.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-mnvc-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between non pu\u00f2 venire and pu\u00f2 non venire?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Non puo venire means cannot come: something blocks the action, the door is shut. Maybe she is at work, maybe she is ill, maybe she is forbidden. Puo non venire means may well not come: the option of not coming is open, the modal stays alive and applies to the negative action. Same six words, the non moves by two positions, the meaning flips. Non puo venire is a flat impossibility; puo non venire is a real possibility of the action not happening, often with a permission tone in spoken Italian.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-mnvc-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use pu\u00f2 darsi che and which mood comes after it?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Use puo darsi che for impersonal speculation, the equivalent of English maybe or it may be that. The expression is frozen in the present (it does not conjugate for person), it always takes che, and the verb in the clause that follows is always in the subjunctive: puo darsi che venga, puo darsi che non riesca, puo darsi che sia. Even casual Italian keeps the subjunctive here, so puo darsi che viene with the indicative sounds wrong to native ears.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-mnvc-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What does potrebbe non venire add compared to pu\u00f2 non venire?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Potrebbe non venire is the conditional version: it shifts from stating a flat possibility to floating a soft guess. Puo non venire often carries a permission tone, the option of not doing is granted or acknowledged. Potrebbe non venire is pure speculation based on what you know, closest to English might not. If you are guessing about the future based on evidence, reach for potrebbe non; if you are stating that the negative action is a real option, reach for puo non.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-mnvc-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is non pu\u00f2 non a real construction in Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, and it is very common. The two non&#8217;s cancel, so non puo non venire does not mean cannot not come in some confused way: it means simply has to come, there is no way around it. The construction works best when the speaker wants emphasis without using deve. Non puoi non assaggiare i bocconotti is the more rhetorical, slightly more colourful version of devi assaggiare i bocconotti. You will hear it in journalism, in heated conversation, in any sentence that wants a little extra force.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-mnvc-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can pu\u00f2 non be used in writing or only in speech?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both. Puo non plus infinitive is normal written Italian, used in academic prose, journalism, even legal language: l&#8217;abbreviazione puo non essere segnalata dal punto finale is a typical usage note. In speech, the same shape often picks up a faint flavour of permission or option: puoi non venire, basta che ci avvisi means you are free not to come, just let us know. Add anche between the modal and the non to soften further: puo anche non venire is friendly and conversational.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-mnvc-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does Italian have so many ways to translate English may not?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because Italian separates blockage, option, speculation and impersonal possibility into distinct shapes, while English collapses them under may not or might not and lets context sort the rest. Italian uses non puo for blockage, puo non for an open option, potrebbe non for speculation, and puo darsi che non plus subjunctive for impersonal guessing. The distinction is not a quirk: it gives speakers a finer set of tools, and learning to pick the right shape is one of the most reliable ways to make your Italian sound less translated.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three internal guides that pair with italian may not vs cannot, plus an institutional italian may not vs cannot reference for the impersonal pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-can-could-might\/\">Italian Can, Could, Might: Potere Across Tenses<\/a> &middot; potere in present, conditional, future, past.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-modal-verbs\/\">Italian Modal Verbs: Dovere, Potere, Volere, Sapere<\/a> &middot; the wider modal system with auxiliary and pronoun placement rules.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-pronouns-modal-verbs\/\">Italian Pronouns with Modal Verbs<\/a> &middot; where the object pronoun goes around <em>posso<\/em>, <em>devo<\/em>, <em>voglio<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/potere2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani: vocabolario, voce potere<\/a> &middot; institutional reference on the impersonal <em>pu\u00f2 darsi<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Italian may not vs cannot: when to use non puo, puo non, potrebbe non and puo darsi che non plus subjunctive. B1 guide with a Pisa pasticceria dialogue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1865,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b1","category-lingua","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60860"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62110,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60860\/revisions\/62110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}