{"id":60832,"date":"2026-05-28T08:08:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T23:08:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=60832"},"modified":"2026-05-28T08:08:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T23:08:39","slug":"italian-cui-all-functions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-cui-all-functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Cui: All Functions (Di Cui, A Cui, Per Cui) (B1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> The Italian word <em>cui<\/em> does one job and does it everywhere: it stands in for a noun inside a relative clause, always paired with a preposition. <strong>Italian cui functions<\/strong> split neatly by which preposition is glued in front: <em>a cui<\/em> for indirect objects (the person you spoke to), <em>di cui<\/em> for verbs that take <em>di<\/em> (the book you talked about), <em>in cui<\/em> for place and time (the year you were born), <em>con cui<\/em> for company, <em>da cui<\/em> for origin, <em>su cui<\/em> for surface or topic, <em>per cui<\/em> for reason or as a sentence-level &#8220;and so&#8221;, and the possessive <em>il cui \/ la cui \/ i cui \/ le cui<\/em> for &#8220;whose&#8221;. This guide walks you through each one with a couple at the Spoleto Festival dei Due Mondi, Sveva and Ottavio, who use the whole set in a single afternoon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reason Italian needs <em>cui<\/em> at all is simple: Italian refuses to leave prepositions hanging at the end of a clause. English happily says <em>the friend I went with<\/em>; Italian must say <em>l&#8217;amico con cui sono andato<\/em>, with the preposition welded to the relative. Once you internalise that one rule, the seven or eight Italian cui functions stop looking like a list to memorise and start looking like one pattern repeated. Each of the Italian cui functions then becomes a matter of picking the right preposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the end of this guide on the Italian cui functions you will know when <em>cui<\/em> can drop its preposition (only one of the Italian cui functions allows the drop), why <em>il cui libro<\/em> uses <em>il<\/em> even when the owner is a woman, why <em>per cui<\/em> often acts like a sentence connector, and when natives quietly switch from the Italian cui functions to <em>il quale<\/em> instead. Then you can take the quiz and lock the whole set in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-cui\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to sections<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#why-cui\">Why Italian needs cui at all<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#a-cui\">A cui: the indirect-object slot<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#di-cui\">Di cui: verbs that take di<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#in-cui\">In cui: place and time<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#con-cui-da-cui-su-cui\">Con cui, da cui, su cui, tra cui<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#per-cui\">Per cui: reason and &#8220;and so&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#il-cui\">Il cui, la cui, i cui, le cui: whose<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cui-or-quale\">Cui or il quale: when natives switch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: all the Italian cui functions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue at the Spoleto Festival<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mini-challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-cui\">Why Italian needs cui at all<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Picture Sveva at the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto, looking for the seat next to the friend she came with. To understand the Italian cui functions, start from this everyday scene. In English she would say <em>I&#8217;m looking for the friend I came with<\/em>, dropping the preposition <em>with<\/em> at the end. In Italian that sentence is impossible. The preposition must stay attached to its noun phrase, and the relative pronoun that links the two clauses must carry the preposition on its back. That carrier is <em>cui<\/em>: <em>cerco l&#8217;amica con cui sono venuta<\/em>. Without <em>cui<\/em>, the sentence would either strand <em>con<\/em> at the end (ungrammatical) or use <em>che<\/em> after a preposition (also ungrammatical). <em>Cui<\/em> is the only pronoun that can sit between a preposition and the rest of the relative clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mechanics of all the Italian cui functions reduce to one single move. Pick the verb or expression that governs your noun (<em>parlare di, telefonare a, abitare in, viaggiare con, partire da, contare su, votare per<\/em>). The preposition that verb wants goes in front of <em>cui<\/em>. The result is one of the eight Italian cui functions: <em>di cui, a cui, in cui, con cui, da cui, su cui, per cui, tra cui<\/em>. The pronoun itself never changes shape: <em>cui<\/em> stays <em>cui<\/em>, whether the noun it replaces is masculine, feminine, singular or plural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The one exception to &#8220;always with a preposition&#8221; is the silent <em>a<\/em>. When the missing preposition would be <em>a<\/em> in its indirect-object role (the person you wrote to, telephoned, gave something to), modern Italian allows you to drop it. <em>La persona a cui ho scritto<\/em> and <em>la persona cui ho scritto<\/em> are both correct. This is a Latin survival from the indirect-object case, and Treccani lists it as fully acceptable. With every other preposition the drop is impossible.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-why\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>One sentence rule.<\/strong> Italian never leaves a preposition hanging at the end of a relative clause. Move the preposition to the front, glue <em>cui<\/em> behind it, and place the pair right after the noun. Every one of the Italian cui functions works that way, and the Italian cui functions form a single pattern repeated with different prepositions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-cui\">A cui: the indirect-object slot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first of the Italian cui functions covers what schoolbooks call the indirect object: the person or thing you write to, telephone, hand something to, ask a question of. Of all the Italian cui functions, this one is the most frequent in everyday speech. The Italian verbs that govern this slot all take <em>a<\/em>: <em>scrivere a, telefonare a, dare a, chiedere a, rispondere a, dire a, raccontare a, regalare a, prestare a, mandare a, parlare a<\/em>. When you wrap a relative clause around one of those verbs, you get <em>a cui<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il maestro <strong>a cui<\/strong> Ottavio ha chiesto un autografo era gentilissimo.<br><em>The conductor Ottavio asked for an autograph was very kind.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La signora <strong>a cui<\/strong> ho prestato il programma siede in seconda fila.<br><em>The lady I lent the programme to is sitting in the second row.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Gli amici <strong>a cui<\/strong> Sveva ha telefonato non sono ancora arrivati.<br><em>The friends Sveva called haven&#8217;t arrived yet.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non ricordo l&#8217;agenzia <strong>cui<\/strong> ho mandato la mail per i biglietti.<br><em>I don&#8217;t remember the agency I sent the email to for the tickets.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last example uses bare <em>cui<\/em> without <em>a<\/em>. This is the Latin indirect-object survival mentioned above: Treccani notes that with verbs of giving, writing, telephoning, both <em>a cui ho scritto<\/em> and <em>cui ho scritto<\/em> are correct. In conversation Italians keep the <em>a<\/em> more often, because it makes the sentence more transparent. In careful writing the bare form returns, and it sounds slightly more polished. With every other preposition (<em>di, in, con, da, su, per, tra<\/em>) the drop is not an option, and the bare-<em>cui<\/em> shortcut stays unique among the Italian cui functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"di-cui\">Di cui: verbs that take di<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second of the Italian cui functions hangs off verbs and expressions that govern <em>di<\/em>. Of the Italian cui functions, this group has by far the longest list of triggering verbs: <em>parlare di, scrivere di, discutere di, occuparsi di, fidarsi di, ricordarsi di, accorgersi di, aver bisogno di, aver paura di, aver voglia di, dubitare di, lamentarsi di, pentirsi di, vergognarsi di, andare orgoglioso di<\/em>. Whenever the verb in the relative clause is one of these, the relative pronoun arrives wearing <em>di<\/em> in front.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il concerto <strong>di cui<\/strong> parla tutta Spoleto \u00e8 quello di apertura.<br><em>The concert all of Spoleto is talking about is the opening one.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;autore <strong>di cui<\/strong> mi sto occupando questa settimana \u00e8 Calvino.<br><em>The author I&#8217;m working on this week is Calvino.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u00c8 un musicista <strong>di cui<\/strong> mi fido completamente.<br><em>He&#8217;s a musician I trust completely.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non c&#8217;\u00e8 niente <strong>di cui<\/strong> doversi preoccupare prima del concerto.<br><em>There&#8217;s nothing to worry about before the concert.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il libretto <strong>di cui<\/strong> Sveva ha bisogno \u00e8 esaurito in libreria.<br><em>The libretto Sveva needs is sold out at the bookshop.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A quick test for any of the Italian cui functions: rewrite the relative as a standalone sentence and check what preposition the verb wants. <em>Il concerto di cui parla tutta Spoleto<\/em> rebuilds as <em>tutta Spoleto parla di un concerto<\/em>, where the verb wants <em>di<\/em>, so the relative needs <em>di cui<\/em>. <em>L&#8217;autore di cui mi sto occupando<\/em> rebuilds as <em>mi sto occupando di un autore<\/em>: same logic. If the rebuilt sentence uses <em>a<\/em>, you need <em>a cui<\/em>; if <em>con<\/em>, then <em>con cui<\/em>; and so on through the Italian cui functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note that <em>di cui<\/em> has two further specialised uses: as a partitive (&#8220;of whom&#8221;, &#8220;including&#8221;) after a number, and in the frozen legal phrase <em>di cui sopra<\/em> (&#8220;above-mentioned&#8221;). Both of those land at B2 and we treat them in the focused guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-di-cui-including-mentioned\/\">di cui as including and mentioned<\/a>. For this B1 overview we stay with the basic relative use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"in-cui\">In cui: place and time<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The third member of the Italian cui functions is <em>in cui<\/em>, and it is the most flexible of the set. It covers both physical place (the city in which, the room in which) and time (the year in which, the moment in which, the day in which). For physical place, spoken Italian usually swaps <em>in cui<\/em> for the lighter <em>dove<\/em>. For time, <em>in cui<\/em> is the only option, since Italian does not allow <em>quando<\/em> in relative clauses.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La piazza <strong>in cui<\/strong> suonano l&#8217;orchestra ogni sera \u00e8 quella del Duomo.<br><em>The square where they play the orchestra every evening is the Duomo one.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;anno <strong>in cui<\/strong> Menotti fond\u00f2 il festival era il 1958.<br><em>The year Menotti founded the festival was 1958.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il momento <strong>in cui<\/strong> si abbassano le luci \u00e8 il pi\u00f9 bello della serata.<br><em>The moment the lights go down is the best of the evening.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La sala <strong>in cui<\/strong> si recita Shakespeare ha solo trecento posti.<br><em>The hall where they perform Shakespeare has only three hundred seats.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il giorno <strong>in cui<\/strong> ho conosciuto Sveva era piovoso e freddo.<br><em>The day I met Sveva was rainy and cold.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the first and fourth examples (physical places) you can equally say <em>la piazza dove suonano<\/em> and <em>la sala dove si recita<\/em>. For the second, third and fifth (time slots) only <em>in cui<\/em> works: never <em>l&#8217;anno quando<\/em>, never <em>il giorno quando<\/em>. Italian also uses <em>in cui<\/em> for manner, in the fixed phrase <em>il modo in cui<\/em> (&#8220;the way in which&#8221;). <em>Il modo come<\/em>, which sounds tempting to English speakers, is wrong. So <em>in cui<\/em>, among the Italian cui functions, is the one with the widest reach.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-cui-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Fill in <em>a cui<\/em>, <em>di cui<\/em> or <em>in cui<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il regista ____ ti parlavo ieri \u00e8 seduto al secondo tavolino.<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;orchestra ____ Ottavio ha chiesto la firma viene da Vienna.<\/li>\n<li>La sala ____ va in scena Macbeth \u00e8 la Sala Pegasus.<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;anno ____ Sveva ha studiato a Roma era il 2020.<\/li>\n<li>Il programma ____ abbiamo bisogno \u00e8 ancora dal tipografo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. di cui (parlare di) \u00b7 2. a cui (chiedere a) \u00b7 3. in cui (place) \u00b7 4. in cui (time) \u00b7 5. di cui (aver bisogno di)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"con-cui-da-cui-su-cui\">Con cui, da cui, su cui, tra cui<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four more Italian cui functions cover the remaining everyday prepositions, and they round out the core set of Italian cui functions you need at B1. They behave identically: pick the verb&#8217;s preposition, glue it in front of <em>cui<\/em>, place the pair after the noun. None of them allow the bare-<em>cui<\/em> drop that <em>a cui<\/em> permits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Con cui<\/strong> covers company, instrument, or means: people you went with, tools you worked with, vehicles you travelled with.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La signora <strong>con cui<\/strong> Sveva ha condiviso il tavolo veniva da Perugia.<br><em>The lady Sveva shared the table with was from Perugia.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il taxi <strong>con cui<\/strong> siamo arrivati dalla stazione era pieno di valigie.<br><em>The taxi we came from the station with was full of suitcases.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Da cui<\/strong> covers origin, source, or the person you go to for a service (the verb <em>andare da<\/em> = &#8220;go to someone&#8217;s place&#8221;). It also appears in <em>nascere da, derivare da, partire da, dipendere da, scappare da<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il vicolo <strong>da cui<\/strong> siamo passati porta dritto alla Rocca Albornoziana.<br><em>The lane we came through leads straight up to the Rocca Albornoziana.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il dentista <strong>da cui<\/strong> vado a Spoleto riceve solo il marted\u00ec.<br><em>The dentist I go to in Spoleto only sees patients on Tuesdays.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La famiglia <strong>da cui<\/strong> discende il maestro era originaria di Cadegliano.<br><em>The family the conductor comes from was originally from Cadegliano.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Su cui<\/strong> covers a physical surface, a topic of focus, or something you count on: <em>scrivere su, contare su, riflettere su, basarsi su<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il programma <strong>su cui<\/strong> abbiamo segnato gli spettacoli \u00e8 pieno di appunti.<br><em>The programme on which we marked the shows is full of notes.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;unico amico <strong>su cui<\/strong> Ottavio pu\u00f2 contare a Spoleto \u00e8 Margherita.<br><em>The only friend Ottavio can count on in Spoleto is Margherita.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tra cui<\/strong> (or <em>fra cui<\/em>) introduces a sample from a wider group, where English would say &#8220;including&#8221; or &#8220;among them&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gli artisti <strong>tra cui<\/strong> c&#8217;\u00e8 anche il regista arriveranno tra poco.<br><em>The artists, who include the director, will arrive shortly.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le opere <strong>tra cui<\/strong> dobbiamo scegliere sono cinque.<br><em>The works we have to choose from are five.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"per-cui\">Per cui: reason and &#8220;and so&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the Italian cui functions, <em>per cui<\/em> is the most stretched of all. It has two distinct lives. The first is the regular relative use after a verb that takes <em>per<\/em>: <em>votare per, lottare per, cercare per<\/em>. The second is a sentence-level connector meaning &#8220;and so&#8221;, &#8220;therefore&#8221;. Modern Italian, says Treccani, has adopted <em>per cui<\/em> alongside <em>perci\u00f2<\/em> and <em>quindi<\/em> in this connector role, and you will hear it constantly in conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il festival <strong>per cui<\/strong> Spoleto \u00e8 famosa nel mondo dura tre settimane.<br><em>The festival Spoleto is famous in the world for lasts three weeks.<\/em> (regular relative)<\/li>\n<li>Ecco la ragione <strong>per cui<\/strong> siamo arrivati qui solo adesso.<br><em>That&#8217;s the reason we arrived here only just now.<\/em> (regular relative, fixed phrase <em>la ragione per cui<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Il candidato <strong>per cui<\/strong> ho votato non \u00e8 stato eletto.<br><em>The candidate I voted for wasn&#8217;t elected.<\/em> (regular relative)<\/li>\n<li>Stasera sono stanco, <strong>per cui<\/strong> vado a letto presto.<br><em>I&#8217;m tired tonight, so I&#8217;m going to bed early.<\/em> (sentence connector = perci\u00f2, quindi)<\/li>\n<li>Domani piove, <strong>per cui<\/strong> il concerto in piazza \u00e8 rinviato.<br><em>It will rain tomorrow, so the open-air concert is postponed.<\/em> (sentence connector)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Treccani explains the connector use as a contraction of <em>la ragione per cui<\/em> or <em>il motivo per cui<\/em>: the antecedent is silent, the relative refers back to the whole previous sentence. This makes <em>per cui<\/em> the most versatile of the Italian cui functions. In careful written Italian some readers still prefer <em>perci\u00f2<\/em> or <em>quindi<\/em> in this slot, but in everyday speech <em>per cui<\/em> is universal. Recognise both uses and you will not be confused when one sentence inside the same paragraph uses <em>per cui<\/em> as a regular relative and the next uses it as &#8220;therefore&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"il-cui\">Il cui, la cui, i cui, le cui: whose<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The possessive member of the Italian cui functions translates English <em>whose<\/em>. Unlike the other Italian cui functions, this one takes an article in front of <em>cui<\/em>. It always appears as <strong>article + cui + noun<\/strong>, and the article agrees with the noun that follows <em>cui<\/em>, not with the owner. This is the rule English speakers get wrong most often, because in English the possessive marker matches the owner, not the thing owned.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il compositore <strong>il cui<\/strong> ritratto \u00e8 in cattedrale \u00e8 morto a Spoleto.<br><em>The composer whose portrait is in the cathedral died in Spoleto.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La cantante <strong>la cui<\/strong> voce ha aperto la stagione \u00e8 siciliana.<br><em>The singer whose voice opened the season is Sicilian.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Gli artisti <strong>i cui<\/strong> nomi sono in cartellone arrivano da tutta Europa.<br><em>The artists whose names are on the programme come from all over Europe.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le opere <strong>le cui<\/strong> prove cominciano oggi vanno in scena venerd\u00ec.<br><em>The works whose rehearsals start today open on Friday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Sveva, <strong>la cui<\/strong> famiglia vive a Perugia, viene a Spoleto ogni luglio.<br><em>Sveva, whose family lives in Perugia, comes to Spoleto every July.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Look at the second example. The singer is feminine, but the article is <em>la<\/em> only because the thing possessed (<em>voce<\/em>) happens to be feminine. If the same singer&#8217;s <em>nome<\/em> were the topic, you would say <em>la cantante il cui nome appare sul programma<\/em>, with <em>il<\/em> agreeing with <em>nome<\/em>. Look at the last example: Sveva is feminine, <em>famiglia<\/em> is feminine, so <em>la cui<\/em>, but if she had several brothers we would say <em>Sveva, i cui fratelli vivono a Perugia<\/em>. The possessor&#8217;s gender is irrelevant. Always ignore the owner and look at the noun that follows <em>cui<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The possessive variant of the Italian cui functions can also appear after a preposition, although the construction is rare and slightly stiff: <em>lo scrittore nella cui casa ho dormito<\/em> (&#8220;the writer in whose house I slept&#8221;), <em>il regista del cui film abbiamo parlato<\/em> (&#8220;the director of whose film we spoke&#8221;). The simpler alternative is to recast: <em>lo scrittore in casa del quale ho dormito<\/em> or, even better, <em>lo scrittore a casa del quale ho dormito<\/em>. In a B1 essay either version is fine; in conversation Italians often rephrase the whole sentence to avoid the structure altogether.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-il-cui\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The possessive trap.<\/strong> In <em>il cui libro<\/em> the article <em>il<\/em> matches <em>libro<\/em>, not the writer who owns it. Ignore the possessor, look at the noun after <em>cui<\/em>, pick the article that matches it. Same rule for <em>la cui voce<\/em>, <em>i cui nomi<\/em>, <em>le cui prove<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cui-or-quale\">Cui or il quale: when natives switch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every one of the Italian cui functions described so far has a parallel built on <em>il quale<\/em>, which agrees in gender and number with the antecedent. The two are interchangeable in meaning. The difference is register and length. Treccani notes that &#8220;as indirect complement, the type articulated-preposition + quale is just as common as the type simple-preposition + cui&#8221;: <em>il funzionario al quale ho parlato<\/em> equals <em>il funzionario a cui ho parlato<\/em>; <em>il film del quale mi dicevi<\/em> equals <em>il film di cui mi dicevi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three situations where natives quietly switch from <em>cui<\/em> to <em>il quale<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Distant antecedent.<\/strong> When the noun and the relative are separated by a long phrase, the agreement of <em>il quale<\/em> makes the connection clear. <em>L&#8217;unico spettacolo del festival, programmato in piazza Duomo per la sera del 5 luglio, al quale abbiamo deciso di andare<\/em> is easier to parse than the same sentence with <em>cui<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>After numerals and indefinites.<\/strong> <em>Ho provato sette violini, tre dei quali stonati<\/em> is preferred to <em>tre di cui stonati<\/em>, which sounds clipped.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formal writing and journalism.<\/strong> Court rulings, academic papers and quality newspapers reach for <em>il quale<\/em> more often, partly for clarity and partly for register.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In everyday speech and everyday writing, <em>cui<\/em> wins on lightness. Use it as your default for all the Italian cui functions and switch to <em>il quale<\/em> only when one of the three situations above applies. The Italian cui functions handle nine cases out of ten without help.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-cui-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Pick the right preposition + cui (or il cui).<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il compositore ____ ritratto \u00e8 appeso in cattedrale \u00e8 morto giovane.<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;amica ____ Sveva \u00e8 venuta a Spoleto vive a Roma.<\/li>\n<li>Non capisco la ragione ____ Ottavio non ha prenotato il tavolo.<\/li>\n<li>La libreria ____ esce il nuovo libro di Magrelli \u00e8 qui sotto i portici.<\/li>\n<li>Le poltrone ____ siamo seduti hanno il velluto rosso.<\/li>\n<li>Sono molto stanca, ____ vado a casa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. il cui (possessive, ritratto masc. sing.) \u00b7 2. con cui (company) \u00b7 3. per cui (reason: la ragione per cui) \u00b7 4. da cui (origin: uscire da) \u00b7 5. su cui (surface: sedere su) \u00b7 6. per cui (sentence connector = perci\u00f2)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: all the Italian cui functions in one table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table to keep open while you write your next paragraph. The pattern across all Italian cui functions is always preposition + <em>cui<\/em> + verb that wants that preposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Function<\/th><th>Triggered by<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>a cui (or bare cui)<\/td><td>indirect object<\/td><td>scrivere a, telefonare a, dare a, chiedere a<\/td><td>l&#8217;amico a cui ho scritto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>di cui<\/td><td>topic, source, need<\/td><td>parlare di, fidarsi di, aver bisogno di<\/td><td>il libro di cui ti parlavo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>in cui<\/td><td>place and time<\/td><td>abitare in, viare in, l&#8217;anno in cui, il momento in cui<\/td><td>la citt\u00e0 in cui vivo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>con cui<\/td><td>company, instrument<\/td><td>uscire con, viaggiare con, scrivere con<\/td><td>l&#8217;amica con cui sono partita<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>da cui<\/td><td>origin, source person<\/td><td>venire da, partire da, andare da (al dentista)<\/td><td>il dentista da cui vado<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>su cui<\/td><td>surface, topic, reliance<\/td><td>contare su, scrivere su, riflettere su<\/td><td>la mensola su cui ho messo il libro<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>per cui (relative)<\/td><td>reason, purpose<\/td><td>la ragione per cui, votare per<\/td><td>la ragione per cui non sono venuto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>per cui (connector)<\/td><td>&#8220;and so&#8221;, &#8220;therefore&#8221;<\/td><td>sentence-level, equals perci\u00f2 \/ quindi<\/td><td>sono stanco, per cui vado a letto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tra cui \/ fra cui<\/td><td>&#8220;among them&#8221;, &#8220;including&#8221;<\/td><td>partitive after a group noun<\/td><td>gli ospiti, tra cui il sindaco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>il cui \/ la cui \/ i cui \/ le cui<\/td><td>possessive (&#8220;whose&#8221;)<\/td><td>article matches the thing possessed<\/td><td>lo scrittore il cui libro \u00e8 uscito<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three errors with the Italian cui functions flag a B1 essay as written by a learner. Spotting and fixing them is fast, and the same three mistakes recur across all the Italian cui functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1. Stranding the preposition.<\/strong> This is the cardinal error across the Italian cui functions. Wrong: <em>il concerto cui sono andato a<\/em>. Wrong: <em>l&#8217;amica con la quale sono uscita con<\/em>. Italian never lets a preposition trail off at the end of a relative clause. Correct: <em>il concerto a cui sono andato<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amica con cui sono uscita<\/em>. The preposition must precede <em>cui<\/em> and stay glued to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2. Articulating the preposition before cui.<\/strong> This second error trips up learners across all the Italian cui functions. Wrong: <em>il libro del cui ti parlavo<\/em>. Wrong: <em>l&#8217;amico al cui ho scritto<\/em>. The simple preposition stays simple in front of <em>cui<\/em>: never <em>del cui, al cui, nel cui, sul cui, dal cui<\/em>. The articulated form (<em>del, al, nel, sul, dal<\/em>) belongs only with <em>il quale<\/em>: <em>il libro del quale ti parlavo<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amico al quale ho scritto<\/em>. With <em>cui<\/em>, plain <em>di, a, in, su, da<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3. Matching il cui with the owner instead of the noun.<\/strong> Wrong: <em>Sveva, il cui famiglia vive a Perugia<\/em>. Sveva is feminine, but the article must match <em>famiglia<\/em>, which is feminine: <em>Sveva, la cui famiglia vive a Perugia<\/em>. Same logic in the reverse: an article must agree with the noun even when the owner is a different gender, as in <em>la pianista il cui repertorio comprende Liszt<\/em>, where <em>il<\/em> matches <em>repertorio<\/em>, not the female pianist. Always look at the noun that follows <em>cui<\/em>, never at the owner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue at the Spoleto Festival<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sveva and Ottavio meet for an aperitivo at the caff\u00e8 della cattedrale during the Festival dei Due Mondi, the international performing-arts festival that fills Spoleto every July. Count the Italian cui functions as they appear: nearly the whole set turns up in fifteen minutes of conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dlg-cui\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Sveva:<\/strong> Finalmente ti trovo. Il tavolino su cui ho lasciato il programma \u00e8 quello vicino alla cancellata, vedi?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Ottavio:<\/strong> Ti ho cercata a Sant&#8217;Eufemia, dove pensavo fossi tu. Senti, il concerto di cui parlavi ieri \u00e8 quello di stasera o di domani?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Sveva:<\/strong> Domani sera. Il direttore con cui esordisce l&#8217;Orchestra Giovanile \u00e8 quello cubano, di Cienfuegos. La signora a cui ho chiesto i biglietti due mesi fa li aveva ancora in agenzia, per fortuna.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Ottavio:<\/strong> Il problema per cui ti telefono adesso \u00e8 un altro. Il taxi con cui dovevo arrivare dalla stazione mi ha lasciato in Piazza della Vittoria, da cui ho fatto tutta la salita a piedi.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Sveva:<\/strong> Si vede! Sei rosso come una passata di pomodori. Prendi un&#8217;acqua fresca, intanto. La cameriera a cui devo chiedere il conto \u00e8 quella con il grembiule blu, sta servendo il tavolo accanto.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Ottavio:<\/strong> Senti, parlando di gente: la coppia di cui mi parlavi al telefono, quelli di Padova che vengono ogni anno, li abbiamo visti ieri al Caio Melisso. Lei \u00e8 la storica dell&#8217;arte il cui marito lavora alla Fondazione.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Sveva:<\/strong> Esatto, quelli. La conferenza in cui ha presentato il suo libro su Lippi ha riempito il Salone d&#8217;Onore. Mi hai detto che vuoi vedere il Macbeth in cartellone, vero?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Ottavio:<\/strong> S\u00ec, il regista \u00e8 quello di cui ho parlato a mia sorella settimana scorsa. Ha lavorato anche a Torino e a Praga. La compagnia con cui mette in scena lo spettacolo \u00e8 met\u00e0 italiana e met\u00e0 tedesca, per cui credo che sar\u00e0 sottotitolato.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Sveva:<\/strong> Bene. Il libretto di cui hai bisogno per seguire la traduzione lo vendono all&#8217;ingresso, costa cinque euro. Ah, la collega le cui foto erano sul giornale locale ieri viene anche lei.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Ottavio:<\/strong> Margherita? Quella su cui posso sempre contare per i passaggi in macchina? Bene, le dico di fermarsi a cena dopo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Sveva:<\/strong> Allora rimaniamo intesi cos\u00ec. Il festival per cui Spoleto si svuota di silenzio e si riempie di musica \u00e8 cominciato, per cui godiamocelo fino in fondo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the forms Sveva and Ottavio use: <em>su cui, di cui, con cui, a cui, per cui, da cui, in cui, il cui, le cui<\/em>. Nine of the Italian cui functions, all of them deployed without effort, and the whole set of Italian cui functions feels natural in context. The last sentence even slips in two <em>per cui<\/em>: the first one is a regular relative (Spoleto is famous for the festival), the second one is the sentence connector (&#8220;therefore&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-cui-final\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Write a 5-6 sentence paragraph about the last festival, concert or event you attended. Use at least five of the Italian cui functions: minimum one <em>a cui<\/em>, one <em>di cui<\/em>, one <em>in cui<\/em>, one <em>con cui<\/em>, and one possessive <em>il cui \/ la cui \/ i cui \/ le cui<\/em>. Bonus point if you slip in a <em>per cui<\/em> as a sentence connector. Read it out loud once to check the prepositions sound natural.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the quiz below to test what you have learned about the Italian cui functions, drilling each preposition + <em>cui<\/em> pattern in context.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-cui\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n(Quiz coming soon)\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about the Italian cui functions come up in every B1 cohort, and the answers below cover the corners of the Italian cui functions that students keep returning to. The answers below draw on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/relativi-pronomi_(La-grammatica-italiana)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani entry on pronomi relativi<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/uso-del-pronome-relativo-cui\/1235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca consultation on the relative pronoun cui<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-cui-q1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I always drop the preposition before cui?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. The drop is allowed only with the preposition a in its indirect-object role, the so-called complemento di termine: la persona a cui ho scritto and la persona cui ho scritto are both correct, and the form without a is a Latin indirect-object survival. With every other preposition (di, in, con, da, su, per, tra, fra) the preposition is mandatory and dropping it produces ungrammatical Italian: il libro cui ti parlavo is wrong, il libro di cui ti parlavo is right. In conversation Italians keep the a more often because it makes the sentence more transparent.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cui-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between a cui and al quale?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Identical meaning, different register. A cui is shorter, lighter, and dominates spoken Italian and informal writing. Al quale agrees in gender and number with the antecedent and is preferred in formal writing, journalism, court rulings, and whenever the antecedent is far from the relative pronoun and the agreement helps clarity. Treccani explicitly treats the two as equivalent for indirect complements: il funzionario al quale ho parlato equals il funzionario a cui ho parlato. The same applies to del quale \/ di cui, nel quale \/ in cui, con il quale \/ con cui, and so on.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cui-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does il cui agree?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>With the thing possessed, not with the possessor. Sveva, la cui famiglia vive a Perugia: la matches famiglia (feminine), not Sveva. Il compositore il cui ritratto e in cattedrale: il matches ritratto (masculine), not the composer. The possessor&#8217;s gender and number are irrelevant. If the same composer&#8217;s musica (feminine) were the topic, you would say il compositore la cui musica conosciamo. Always ignore the owner and look at the noun that immediately follows cui to pick the article.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cui-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When can I use dove instead of in cui?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For physical places only. La piazza in cui ci siamo seduti and la piazza dove ci siamo seduti are both correct; dove sounds lighter and is preferred in everyday speech. For time, dove is impossible: il giorno in cui ti ho conosciuto cannot become il giorno dove ti ho conosciuto. The same restriction applies to manner: il modo in cui parla is the only correct form, never il modo come parla. So dove replaces in cui for space, in cui stays mandatory for time and manner.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cui-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is per cui the same as quindi or perci\u00f2?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, in its sentence-connector use. Treccani notes that modern Italian uses per cui as a contraction of la ragione per cui or il motivo per cui, with a meaning equivalent to and so, therefore. Stasera sono stanco, per cui vado a letto presto is identical to stasera sono stanco, quindi vado a letto presto. The connector use is universal in conversation. In careful written Italian some editors still prefer perci\u00f2 or quindi in this slot, but per cui is fully accepted. Note that per cui keeps its regular relative use too: la ragione per cui non sono venuto means the reason I didn&#8217;t come.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cui-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I use cui after a preposizione articolata like del or al?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Cui takes only simple prepositions: di cui, a cui, in cui, con cui, da cui, su cui, per cui, tra cui. Forms like del cui, al cui, nel cui, sul cui, dal cui are wrong with the relative pronoun and a sign of learner error. The articulated form belongs only to the il quale family: del quale, al quale, nel quale, sul quale, dal quale. The exception is the possessive il cui, where the article belongs to cui and matches the noun that follows: la libreria nel cui scaffale c&#8217;e il libro is grammatically possible but stiff; a native would recast as la libreria nei cui scaffali or, better, la libreria dove c&#8217;e il libro.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that pair with the Italian cui functions, plus an institutional reference on the broader relative pronoun system that hosts the Italian cui functions.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-relative-pronouns\/\">Italian Relative Pronouns: Che, Cui, Il Quale, Whose<\/a>: the full hub on the relative pronoun system, of which this post is the focused spin-off on <em>cui<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-di-cui-including-mentioned\/\">Di Cui in Italian: Including and Mentioned<\/a>: B2 deep-dive on the partitive use (di cui due minorenni) and the legal di cui sopra.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-reduced-relatives\/\">Italian Reduced Relatives: Una Lettera Arrivata<\/a>: B2 sister post on how Italian shortens relative clauses without a finite verb.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/uso-del-pronome-relativo-cui\/1235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Uso del pronome relativo cui<\/a>: institutional consultation on the use of the relative pronoun cui.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Italian cui functions B1 guide: a cui (indirect object), di cui (verbs with di), in cui (place and time), con cui, da cui, su cui, per cui, possessive il cui. Dialogue at the Spoleto Festival dei Due Mondi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1865,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b1","category-lingua","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60832"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61538,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60832\/revisions\/61538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}