{"id":60693,"date":"2026-05-29T06:32:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T21:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=60693"},"modified":"2026-06-01T17:40:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T08:40:49","slug":"italian-suddetto-predetto-formal-reference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-suddetto-predetto-formal-reference\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Suddetto, Predetto: Formal Reference Words (B2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> When Italian writing turns formal, a small family of words takes over the job of pointing back to something already mentioned, or forward to something coming next. <em>Suddetto<\/em> means &#8220;aforementioned&#8221;, <em>predetto<\/em> means &#8220;aforesaid&#8221;, <em>sopraddetto<\/em> and <em>sopra menzionato<\/em> mean &#8220;above-mentioned&#8221;, <em>sottoindicato<\/em> means &#8220;indicated below&#8221;, <em>soprascritto<\/em> means &#8220;written above&#8221;, <em>di cui sopra<\/em> means &#8220;mentioned above&#8221;, and <em>come specificato sopra<\/em> means &#8220;as specified above&#8221;. They live in contracts, notary deeds, legal letters, academic papers and official emails. This B2 guide for <strong>italian suddetto predetto<\/strong> covers what each one really means, when to use them, when they sound stuffy, and how to read them without panic when a notary hands you a document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You will not say <em>italian suddetto predetto<\/em> phrasing at the bar. You will read it the first time you sign a rental contract in Italy, the first time you receive a letter from a lawyer, the first time you open a university transcript. Learn the eight words below and the wall of formal Italian becomes a door.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-sudd\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-sudd gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What these formal reference words do<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#suddetto\">Suddetto: the everyday workhorse<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#predetto\">Predetto and sopraddetto: the legal cousins<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sopra-sotto\">Sopra and sotto: pointing up and down the page<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#di-cui-sopra\">Di cui sopra and come specificato sopra: the flexible phrases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#agreement\">How they agree with the noun<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian suddetto predetto and the 8 reference words<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#stuffy\">When they sound stuffy and what to use instead<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: at the notary office in Genova<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What these formal reference words do<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine you are writing a contract two pages long. On page two you need to refer back to the apartment described on page one. In a chat with a friend you would say <em>l&#8217;appartamento di cui ti ho parlato prima<\/em>. In a contract that is too loose. You need a single word that says &#8220;the one already named&#8221;. Italian uses a small family of formal words for this job. The main word is <em>suddetto<\/em> (literally &#8220;said-above&#8221;), with its near-twin <em>predetto<\/em> (literally &#8220;said-before&#8221;) and a wider circle of partners. They all share the same italian suddetto predetto logic: a quick, official label that points to a piece of the document already written, or about to be written.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is not optional vocabulary for someone at B2. You will meet <strong>italian suddetto predetto<\/strong> the moment you rent a flat, open a bank account, sign a school enrolment for a child, request a tax certificate, or read an academic paper. The good news: the family is small (about eight common members), the grammar is regular, and once you see the pattern, the wall of formality drops. The italian suddetto predetto pattern repays a single careful read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"suddetto\">Suddetto: the everyday workhorse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Suddetto<\/em> is the most common of these words. It combines <em>su<\/em> (above) and <em>detto<\/em> (said) and translates as &#8220;aforementioned&#8221; or &#8220;above-said&#8221;. It acts as an adjective placed before the noun and agreeing with it in gender and number: <em>suddetto, suddetta, suddetti, suddette<\/em>. The formal flavour of <strong>italian suddetto predetto<\/strong> is unmistakable, but inside its tone it is neutral. A rental contract reading italian suddetto predetto, a tax letter, a school regulation, a doctoral thesis: you will read it in all of them without surprise.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il suddetto immobile \u00e8 situato in via Balbi, civico 14.<br><em>The aforementioned property is located at via Balbi, number 14.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La suddetta clausola entra in vigore dalla data della firma.<br><em>The aforementioned clause takes effect from the date of signature.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I suddetti documenti devono essere allegati alla domanda.<br><em>The aforementioned documents must be attached to the application.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le suddette parti dichiarano di aver letto e accettato.<br><em>The aforementioned parties declare that they have read and accepted.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two practical notes. First, <em>suddetto<\/em> can stand alone as a noun when the context is clear: <em>al suddetto compete la qualifica di dottore<\/em> means &#8220;the aforementioned person holds the title of dottore&#8221;. The word carries the noun inside it. Second, you will also find the variant <em>sopradetto<\/em> (one word, no double <em>d<\/em>) in older documents; modern usage prefers <em>sopraddetto<\/em> or <em>suddetto<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-sudd1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>One word, four endings.<\/strong> <em>Suddetto<\/em> behaves like any normal adjective: it agrees with the noun. <em>Il suddetto contratto, la suddetta clausola, i suddetti articoli, le suddette parti<\/em>. Get the italian suddetto predetto agreement wrong and your formal Italian sounds like a draft. Italian readers notice this faster than they notice a typo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"predetto\">Predetto and sopraddetto: the legal cousins<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Predetto<\/em> (&#8220;aforesaid&#8221;) is the legal sibling of <em>suddetto<\/em>. The meaning is almost identical, but the home territory is narrower: deeds, notary acts, court rulings, formal company documents. Read an Italian lease and you will see the italian suddetto predetto pair: both <em>suddetto<\/em> and <em>predetto<\/em> on the same page, with no clear semantic split. The pattern in practice: <em>suddetto<\/em> is the default; <em>predetto<\/em> shows up when the writer wants an extra layer of formality, often to avoid repeating <em>suddetto<\/em> within the same paragraph.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La predetta societ\u00e0 ha sede legale a Genova.<br><em>The aforesaid company has its registered office in Genova.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il predetto ammontare comprende le spese notarili.<br><em>The aforesaid amount includes the notary fees.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le predette norme si applicano a tutti gli iscritti.<br><em>The aforesaid rules apply to all enrolled members.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Sopraddetto<\/em> (or its variant <em>sopradetto<\/em>) is a third member of the family, with the same meaning of &#8220;above-mentioned&#8221; and the same agreement pattern. Today it is less common than <em>suddetto<\/em>, but you will still meet it in older documents, in academic writing, and in regional or notarial usage where the writer wants a more transparent word: <em>sopra<\/em> (above) is visible on the surface, so the reader sees the direction immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La sopraddetta clausola non si applica al presente caso.<br><em>The above-mentioned clause does not apply to the present case.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I sopraddetti termini decorrono dalla data di pubblicazione.<br><em>The above-mentioned deadlines start from the publication date.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One more useful word in this same neighbourhood: <em>sopra menzionato<\/em> (two words, or sometimes one), often shortened to <em>menzionato<\/em> alone in academic writing. It points back to something already discussed and reads more naturally in essays and reports than <em>suddetto<\/em> does. <em>L&#8217;articolo sopra menzionato<\/em> means &#8220;the article mentioned above&#8221; and would fit comfortably in a thesis chapter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sopra-sotto\">Sopra and sotto: pointing up and down the page<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So far every word has pointed backward, to something already written. But formal Italian also needs a way to point forward, to something the reader is about to see. The standard italian suddetto predetto word for forward direction is <em>sottoindicato<\/em> (&#8220;indicated below&#8221;), which behaves exactly like <em>suddetto<\/em> but in the opposite direction. You will read it in forms, in instruction sheets, in contracts with attached annexes, and in any document that announces a list still to come.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>I dati sottoindicati devono essere verificati prima della firma.<br><em>The data indicated below must be checked before signing.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Si prega di compilare i campi sottoindicati con attenzione.<br><em>Please fill in the fields indicated below carefully.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La somma sottoindicata corrisponde al saldo finale.<br><em>The amount indicated below corresponds to the final balance.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the italian suddetto predetto group you will also see the variant <em>sotto indicato<\/em> written as two words; both spellings are accepted, though one-word <em>sottoindicato<\/em> is the safer choice in formal writing. A parallel pair exists for &#8220;above&#8221;: <em>sopraindicato<\/em> (above-indicated) and the very formal <em>soprascritto<\/em> (literally &#8220;written above&#8221;). <em>Soprascritto<\/em> is the most archaic of the family, alive mostly in notarial language and in older administrative documents.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il soprascritto signor Cesaroni si impegna a versare l&#8217;acconto.<br><em>The above-written Mr Cesaroni undertakes to pay the deposit.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La somma soprascritta \u00e8 gi\u00e0 stata accreditata.<br><em>The above-written sum has already been credited.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If <em>soprascritto<\/em> sounds like something from a nineteenth-century deed, that is because it often is. Most modern writers reach for <em>suddetto<\/em> instead. Still, if you read enough Italian contracts, you will meet <em>soprascritto<\/em> at least once, and recognising it saves you a confused minute with a dictionary.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Pick the right word for each blank: <em>suddetto<\/em>, <em>predetto<\/em>, <em>sottoindicato<\/em>, <em>soprascritto<\/em>. Adjust the ending.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il _________ contratto ha validit\u00e0 di cinque anni. (the aforementioned contract)<\/li>\n<li>I dati _________ devono essere completi prima dell&#8217;invio. (the data indicated below)<\/li>\n<li>La _________ societ\u00e0 ha la sede a Torino. (the aforesaid company)<\/li>\n<li>Le clausole _________ vanno firmate in calce. (the aforementioned clauses)<\/li>\n<li>Il _________ signor Marini riconosce il pagamento. (the above-written Mr Marini)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. <strong>suddetto<\/strong> contratto \u00b7 2. <strong>sottoindicati<\/strong> \u00b7 3. <strong>predetta<\/strong> societ\u00e0 \u00b7 4. clausole <strong>suddette<\/strong> \u00b7 5. <strong>soprascritto<\/strong> signor Marini<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"di-cui-sopra\">Di cui sopra and come specificato sopra: the flexible phrases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Single words are not the only italian suddetto predetto tool. Italian also relies on two short phrases that do the same pointing job with a softer touch. The first is <em>di cui sopra<\/em>, literally &#8220;of which above&#8221;, which works as a flexible tag attached to any noun: <em>il punto di cui sopra, l&#8217;articolo di cui sopra, la persona di cui sopra<\/em>. This italian suddetto predetto phrase is a touch lighter than <em>suddetto<\/em> and travels well outside strict legal writing. You will read it in business emails, in academic articles, in summary minutes of a meeting.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il punto di cui sopra richiede ulteriori chiarimenti.<br><em>The point mentioned above requires further clarification.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;articolo di cui sopra regola la garanzia di due anni.<br><em>The article mentioned above governs the two-year warranty.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La persona di cui sopra \u00e8 autorizzata a ritirare il pacco.<br><em>The person mentioned above is authorised to collect the parcel.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second flexible italian suddetto predetto phrase is <em>come specificato sopra<\/em> (&#8220;as specified above&#8221;), with sister forms <em>come indicato sopra, come detto sopra, come visto sopra<\/em>. These are full clauses rather than single tags, and they work as smooth transitions between paragraphs. They appear in textbooks, reports, instruction manuals, and academic essays at every level. Of all the family of <strong>italian suddetto predetto<\/strong>, these phrases are the ones most likely to feel useful in a B2 essay or in a polished work email.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Come specificato sopra, il pagamento avviene in due tranche.<br><em>As specified above, the payment is made in two instalments.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Come indicato sopra, gli orari di apertura cambiano in agosto.<br><em>As indicated above, the opening hours change in August.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Come visto sopra, la regola ammette due eccezioni.<br><em>As seen above, the rule allows two exceptions.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A handy italian suddetto predetto mirror exists for the forward direction too: <em>come specificato di seguito<\/em> (&#8220;as specified below&#8221;), <em>come indicato sotto<\/em>, <em>come vedremo<\/em>. These let you preview a topic without using <em>sottoindicato<\/em>, which can feel dry. The softer side of italian suddetto predetto serves textbooks better. A textbook chapter, for example, opens far better with <em>come vedremo nella sezione seguente<\/em> than with <em>nei paragrafi sottoindicati<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"agreement\">How they agree with the noun<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Five of the eight italian suddetto predetto words behave as adjectives and agree in gender and number with the noun: <em>suddetto, sopraddetto, sopra menzionato, predetto, sottoindicato, soprascritto<\/em>. The agreement is regular. <em>Il suddetto contratto<\/em> (masc. sing.), <em>la suddetta clausola<\/em> (fem. sing.), <em>i suddetti articoli<\/em> (masc. pl.), <em>le suddette parti<\/em> (fem. pl.). No surprises, no irregular forms.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il sottoscritto Marco Cesaroni dichiara di aver ricevuto la copia.<br><em>The undersigned Marco Cesaroni declares having received the copy.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La sottoscritta Federica Marini autorizza la pubblicazione.<br><em>The undersigned Federica Marini authorises the publication.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I sottoscritti coniugi Cesaroni accettano le condizioni.<br><em>The undersigned Cesaroni spouses accept the conditions.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two of the eight italian suddetto predetto words do not agree, because they are not adjectives. <em>Di cui sopra<\/em> and <em>come specificato sopra<\/em> are fixed phrases. They sit beside the noun or open a sentence and never change shape. <em>Il punto di cui sopra, gli articoli di cui sopra, la clausola di cui sopra, le norme di cui sopra<\/em>: the phrase stays identical. This is one of the reasons learners love them. No ending to remember, just one fixed italian suddetto predetto tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One more italian suddetto predetto agreement note. When these words stand in for the noun (the bare-noun use), the agreement still shows in the article: <em>il suddetto<\/em> (the aforementioned man), <em>la suddetta<\/em> (the aforementioned woman), <em>i suddetti<\/em> (the aforementioned people, masc.), <em>le suddette<\/em> (the aforementioned women). A formal letter using italian suddetto predetto and saying <em>i suddetti hanno firmato<\/em> means &#8220;the persons named above have signed&#8221;. The noun is absent, the gender visible from the article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian suddetto predetto and the 8 reference words<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One italian suddetto predetto cheat sheet: eight words, three columns. Use this italian suddetto predetto reference the next time you read a formal Italian document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Italian word<\/th><th>English<\/th><th>Direction \u00b7 tone \u00b7 example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>suddetto<\/td><td>aforementioned<\/td><td>back \u00b7 high formal \u00b7 il suddetto contratto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>sopraddetto \/ sopradetto<\/td><td>above-mentioned<\/td><td>back \u00b7 high formal (a touch dated) \u00b7 la sopraddetta clausola<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>sopra menzionato<\/td><td>above-mentioned<\/td><td>back \u00b7 formal but readable \u00b7 l&#8217;articolo sopra menzionato<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>predetto<\/td><td>aforesaid<\/td><td>back \u00b7 high formal (legal flavour) \u00b7 la predetta societ\u00e0<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>soprascritto<\/td><td>above-written<\/td><td>back \u00b7 very formal, near-archaic \u00b7 il soprascritto signor Rossi<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>di cui sopra<\/td><td>mentioned above<\/td><td>back \u00b7 formal but flexible \u00b7 il punto di cui sopra<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>come specificato sopra<\/td><td>as specified above<\/td><td>back \u00b7 formal-neutral, essay friendly \u00b7 come specificato sopra, &#8230;<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>sottoindicato<\/td><td>indicated below<\/td><td>forward \u00b7 high formal \u00b7 i dati sottoindicati<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A quick italian suddetto predetto reading rule for B2 learners: if you see one of these eight words, the document is officially formal. That tells you what to expect in the rest of the page: long sentences, no contractions, no slang, courteous closings like <em>distinti saluti<\/em>. The word is also a small signal to slow down. Each <em>suddetto<\/em> points back somewhere, and the writer is asking you to remember exactly where.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"stuffy\">When they sound stuffy and what to use instead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same italian suddetto predetto words that read perfectly inside a contract can sound ridiculous in a casual email to a friend. <em>Ti rimando al ristorante suddetto<\/em> in a WhatsApp to your colleague Lorenzo about lunch is not formal Italian, it is comedy. The Treccani dictionary lists <em>suddetto, anzidetto, citato, succitato, sottoscritto<\/em> as words &#8220;characteristic of bureaucratic language or formal written Italian&#8221;. Step outside that tone and they jar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three softer alternatives to italian suddetto predetto cover most non-legal needs. For semi-formal emails and business correspondence, <em>sopra menzionato<\/em>, <em>di cui sopra<\/em> and <em>come specificato sopra<\/em> read naturally. For neutral writing, you can simply repeat the noun (<em>il contratto, l&#8217;articolo, la persona<\/em>) with the regular demonstrative <em>quello<\/em>: <em>quel contratto, quell&#8217;articolo, quella persona<\/em>. For everyday speech, ordinary demonstratives plus a reminder of which item you mean carry the day: <em>quel contratto di cui ti parlavo, l&#8217;articolo che abbiamo letto<\/em>. Treccani&#8217;s grammar makes the point cleanly: outside formal writing, ordinary demonstratives and personal pronouns are far more common.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Formal contract: <em>Il suddetto immobile \u00e8 situato in via Balbi.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Business email: <em>L&#8217;immobile sopra menzionato \u00e8 situato in via Balbi.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Internal note: <em>L&#8217;immobile di cui sopra \u00e8 in via Balbi.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Friendly chat: <em>Quell&#8217;appartamento che ti dicevo \u00e8 in via Balbi.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each step down the italian suddetto predetto ladder sounds more human. The skill at B2 is not to use <em>suddetto<\/em> everywhere, but to recognise it in formal texts and to pick the right rung for your own writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: at the notary office in Genova<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Marco Cesaroni is buying his first apartment in Genova, in the centro storico near via Balbi. He arrives at the office of avvocato Federica Marini to review the preliminary contract before the notary appointment. Listen for italian suddetto predetto in action, and for how the lawyer translates them into plain Italian for the client.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-sudd\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Avv. Marini:<\/strong> Buongiorno, signor Cesaroni. Si accomodi. Le ho preparato il preliminare. Glielo leggo ad alta voce, cos\u00ec se qualcosa non \u00e8 chiaro mi ferma.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Sig. Cesaroni:<\/strong> Volentieri. Sa, \u00e8 la prima volta. Mi spaventano un po&#8217; tutte queste parole formali.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Avv. Marini:<\/strong> Glielo dico subito: la met\u00e0 di quello che legger\u00e0 oggi sono parole tecniche per non ripetere ogni volta gli stessi nomi. Per esempio, qui scrive: \u00abIl suddetto immobile \u00e8 situato in via Balbi, civico 14\u00bb. Il suddetto significa \u00abquello detto prima\u00bb, cio\u00e8 l&#8217;appartamento che abbiamo descritto nella riga sopra.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Sig. Cesaroni:<\/strong> Ah, capisco. Quindi \u00e8 solo un modo per non ripetere \u00abl&#8217;appartamento\u00bb?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Avv. Marini:<\/strong> Esatto. Pi\u00f9 avanti vedr\u00e0 anche \u00abla predetta societ\u00e0\u00bb, che \u00e8 la societ\u00e0 che ha venduto, gi\u00e0 nominata nella prima pagina. Sono sinonimi: cambiamo parola solo per non essere monotoni.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Sig. Cesaroni:<\/strong> E qui, dove dice \u00abi dati sottoindicati\u00bb? Sotto a cosa?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Avv. Marini:<\/strong> Sotto alla riga in cui siamo. Vuol dire che subito dopo, in una tabella, trover\u00e0 il suo nome, la data, il codice fiscale. Sottoindicato \u00e8 il contrario di suddetto: punta in avanti, non indietro.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Sig. Cesaroni:<\/strong> E \u00abil sottoscritto\u00bb? Sono io?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Avv. Marini:<\/strong> \u00c8 lei, s\u00ec. Quando firmer\u00e0 in fondo alla pagina, diventa il sottoscritto: \u00abcolui che ha scritto sotto\u00bb, cio\u00e8 ha firmato in calce. Mia moglie, se firmasse insieme, sarebbe \u00abla sottoscritta\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Sig. Cesaroni:<\/strong> Adesso comincio a vedere il sistema. Sono come delle frecce nel testo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Avv. Marini:<\/strong> Bell&#8217;immagine. Frecce che indicano \u00abgi\u00e0 detto prima\u00bb o \u00abscritto qui sotto\u00bb. Una volta riconosciute, il contratto si legge molto pi\u00f9 velocemente. Vuole che continuiamo dall&#8217;articolo 3, dove parla del pagamento?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Sig. Cesaroni:<\/strong> S\u00ec, grazie. Come specificato sopra, ho gi\u00e0 versato la caparra.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Avv. Marini:<\/strong> Vede che ha gi\u00e0 imparato? \u00abCome specificato sopra\u00bb: l&#8217;ha usato in modo perfetto.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the reference words in the dialogue: <em>il suddetto immobile, la predetta societ\u00e0, i dati sottoindicati, il sottoscritto, la sottoscritta, come specificato sopra<\/em>. In ten lines avvocato Marini covered most of the italian suddetto predetto family by reading a single contract aloud. That is exactly how a B2 learner first meets the italian suddetto predetto family. They meet <strong>italian suddetto predetto<\/strong> in real life: not in a grammar book, but in someone&#8217;s office, with a coffee getting cold on the desk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three slips with italian suddetto predetto flag a formal Italian sentence as written by a learner. All three are quick to fix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Skipping the agreement on italian suddetto predetto words. Wrong: <em>la suddetto clausola<\/em>, <em>i suddetto articoli<\/em>. Correct: <em>la suddetta clausola, i suddetti articoli<\/em>. <em>Suddetto<\/em> takes the same four endings as any -o adjective. The mismatch is the most common slip, and the easiest for an Italian reader to spot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Using italian suddetto predetto vocabulary in casual writing. Wrong in an email to a friend: <em>Hai visto il film suddetto?<\/em>. Correct: <em>Hai visto quel film?<\/em> or <em>Hai visto il film di cui ti parlavo?<\/em>. <em>Suddetto<\/em> in friendly contexts sounds either pompous or unintentionally funny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Mixing italian suddetto predetto directions. Wrong: <em>i dati suddetti<\/em> when the data are still to come below. Correct: <em>i dati sottoindicati<\/em>, or <em>i dati indicati di seguito<\/em>. Backward and forward italian suddetto predetto words split cleanly: <em>suddetto, sopraddetto, predetto, di cui sopra<\/em> point back; <em>sottoindicato, di cui sotto, di seguito<\/em> point forward.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Spot and fix the mistake in each sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La suddetto clausola entra in vigore domani.<\/li>\n<li>Ti rimando al ristorante suddetto, ci vediamo l\u00ec alle otto.<\/li>\n<li>I dati suddetti si trovano nella tabella qui sotto, sotto al testo.<\/li>\n<li>Il predetto contratti scadono in dicembre.<\/li>\n<li>Come specificato sotto, il pagamento \u00e8 gi\u00e0 stato fatto. (referring to a previous paragraph)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. <strong>La suddetta clausola<\/strong> (agreement, fem. sing.) \u00b7 2. <strong>Ti rimando al ristorante di cui ti dicevo \/ quel ristorante<\/strong> (suddetto is too formal for a friendly message) \u00b7 3. <strong>I dati sottoindicati<\/strong> (forward direction, not suddetti) \u00b7 4. <strong>I predetti contratti scadono<\/strong> (agreement + plural verb) \u00b7 5. <strong>Come specificato sopra<\/strong> (sopra points back, sotto points forward)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the italian suddetto predetto quiz below to test what you&#8217;ve learned about <em>italian suddetto predetto<\/em> and the rest of the formal reference family.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-sudd60693\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_1226\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Suddetto, Predetto: Formal Reference Words (B2)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F60693\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F60693\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"1f453332a3\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60693\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n   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<div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pick the right form<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>suddetto (&#8216;aforementioned&#8217;) is a formal reference word that agrees with its noun: il suddetto articolo, la suddetta clausola, i suddetti documenti, le suddette norme.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"7321\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <ul><li>Il (suddetta, suddetto, suddetti) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddetto)<\/span><\/span> contratto \u00e8 gi\u00e0 scaduto.<br><br><em>The aforementioned contract has already expired.<\/em><\/li><li>La (suddetta, suddetto, suddette) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddetta)<\/span><\/span> clausola va rivista con cura.<br><br><em>The aforementioned clause must be carefully revised.<\/em><\/li><li>I (suddetto, suddette, suddetti) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddetti)<\/span><\/span> documenti sono allegati alla domanda.<br><br><em>The aforementioned documents are attached to the application.<\/em><\/li><li>Le (suddette, suddetto, suddetti) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddette)<\/span><\/span> norme entrano in vigore domani.<br><br><em>The aforementioned rules come into force tomorrow.<\/em><\/li><li>Il (suddetta, suddetto, suddetti) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddetto)<\/span><\/span> autore ha vinto il premio.<br><br><em>The aforementioned author won the prize.<\/em><\/li><li>La (suddetto, suddette, suddetta) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddetta)<\/span><\/span> data non \u00e8 pi\u00f9 valida.<br><br><em>The aforementioned date is no longer valid.<\/em><\/li><li>I (suddetto, suddetti, suddette) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddetti)<\/span><\/span> testimoni hanno confermato i fatti.<br><br><em>The aforementioned witnesses confirmed the facts.<\/em><\/li><li>Le (suddetto, suddetti, suddette) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddette)<\/span><\/span> condizioni restano invariate.<br><br><em>The aforementioned conditions remain unchanged.<\/em><\/li><li>Il (suddetto, suddetta, suddetti) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddetto)<\/span><\/span> provvedimento \u00e8 stato approvato.<br><br><em>The aforementioned measure was approved.<\/em><\/li><li>La (suddetto, suddetta, suddette) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suddetta)<\/span><\/span> societ\u00e0 ha sede a Pisa.<br><br><em>The aforementioned company is based in Pisa.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>All ten right. You make suddetto agree.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>il suddetto contratto; la suddetta clausola; i suddetti documenti; le suddette norme.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Make suddetto agree: suddetto (m.sg), suddetta (f.sg), suddetti (m.pl), suddette (f.pl).<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>In each group, pick the ONE correct sentence.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"7322\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> La suddetta contratto \u00e8 scaduto.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> I suddetti contratto \u00e8 scaduto.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Il suddetto contratto \u00e8 scaduto.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> La suddetta clausola va rivista.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Il suddetto clausola va rivista.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Le suddette clausola va rivista.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Il suddetto documenti sono allegati.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> I suddetti documenti sono allegati.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Le suddette documenti sono allegati.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Le suddette norme entrano in vigore.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Il suddetto norme entrano in vigore.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> I suddetti norme entrano in vigore.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> La suddetta autore ha vinto il premio.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> I suddetti autore ha vinto il premio.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Il suddetto autore ha vinto.<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Il suddetto societ\u00e0 ha sede a Pisa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> La suddetta societ\u00e0 ha sede a Pisa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_1226_7322\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Le suddette societ\u00e0 ha sede a Pisa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Six out of six.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Il suddetto contratto; La suddetta clausola; I suddetti documenti; Le suddette norme; Il suddetto autore; La suddetta societ\u00e0.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>suddetto agrees with the noun: il suddetto contratto, la suddetta clausola, i suddetti documenti, le suddette norme.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: 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<\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_1226',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 1226,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 16,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"598\":10,\"98\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"7321\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":7321,\"catId\":598,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"suddetto\"],[\"suddetta\"],[\"suddetti\"],[\"suddette\"],[\"suddetto\"],[\"suddetta\"],[\"suddetti\"],[\"suddette\"],[\"suddetto\"],[\"suddetta\"]]},\"7322\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":7322,\"catId\":98,\"points\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0],\"correct\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about italian suddetto predetto formal reference words and the wider family come up in every B2 group that tackles formal Italian. The institutional reference for these words is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/suddetto\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani entry on suddetto<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-sudd-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is suddetto still used in modern Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, suddetto is alive and well in formal written Italian. You will read it in contracts, notary deeds, official letters, academic articles, and administrative documents. Treccani lists it together with anzidetto, citato, succitato and sottoscritto as a standard word of bureaucratic and formal written Italian. What changed is the tone: nobody says suddetto over coffee. In friendly conversation Italians use ordinary demonstratives like quello, quella, or simply repeat the noun. The word still earns its place every time a writer needs a precise back-reference inside a long formal text.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-sudd-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between suddetto and predetto?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The meaning is almost identical: both mean aforementioned or aforesaid. The difference is tone and territory. Suddetto is the everyday workhorse of formal Italian and shows up across contracts, official letters, school regulations, theses. Predetto carries a stronger legal flavour and is more common in notary deeds, court rulings, and formal company documents. Many writers use both on the same page to avoid repeating one word too often. If you are unsure which to pick in your own writing, default to suddetto: it fits more contexts.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-sudd-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I use di cui sopra instead of suddetto?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, and often it is the better choice. Di cui sopra is a fixed phrase that means mentioned above and works as a flexible tag attached to any noun: il punto di cui sopra, l&#8217;articolo di cui sopra, la persona di cui sopra. It is a touch lighter than suddetto and travels well outside strict legal writing. In a business email, an academic paragraph, or a summary of minutes, di cui sopra reads more natural. Both options are correct, but di cui sopra is friendlier without losing formality.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-sudd-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does suddetto agree in gender and number with the noun?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Suddetto behaves like any regular -o adjective and takes four endings: suddetto (masc. sing.), suddetta (fem. sing.), suddetti (masc. pl.), suddette (fem. pl.). Il suddetto contratto, la suddetta clausola, i suddetti articoli, le suddette parti. The same pattern applies to predetto, sopraddetto, sottoindicato, soprascritto. Two members of the family are exceptions: di cui sopra and come specificato sopra are fixed phrases and never change shape. They sit beside the noun unchanged for all genders and numbers.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-sudd-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is sottoindicato one word or two?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both spellings exist. Sottoindicato written as one word is the standard form in modern formal Italian and is the safer choice for contracts, official forms, and administrative documents. The two-word form sotto indicato is also accepted and you will read it in older or less standardised texts. The same pattern applies to sopraindicato and sopra indicato. When in doubt, write one word. The adverbs sopra and sotto bind tightly with verbs like indicato, scritto, menzionato, descritto in this formal tone, and the one-word form reflects that bond on the page.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-sudd-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Are these words too formal for a business email?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Some are, some are not. Suddetto, predetto, sopraddetto, soprascritto and sottoindicato sound stiff in an email between colleagues and very out of place in a friendly message. The three softer members of the family fit business correspondence well: sopra menzionato, di cui sopra, and come specificato sopra. They keep a polite tone without the bureaucratic edge. For an internal note or a quick update to a colleague, ordinary demonstratives (quello, quella) plus a short reminder of which item you mean are usually the best option.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-faq-block\"><div class=\"rank-math-faq-item\"><h3 id=\"faq-sudd-1\" class=\"rank-math-question\">Is suddetto still used in modern Italian?<\/h3><div class=\"rank-math-answer\">Yes, <em>suddetto<\/em> is alive and well in formal written Italian. You will read it in contracts, notary deeds, official letters, academic articles, and administrative documents. Treccani lists it together with <em>anzidetto, citato, succitato<\/em> and <em>sottoscritto<\/em> as a standard word of bureaucratic and formal written Italian. What changed is the tone: nobody says <em>suddetto<\/em> over coffee. In friendly conversation Italians use ordinary demonstratives like <em>quello, quella<\/em>, or simply repeat the noun. The word still earns its place every time a writer needs a precise back-reference inside a long formal text.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"rank-math-faq-item\"><h3 id=\"faq-sudd-2\" class=\"rank-math-question\">What is the difference between suddetto and predetto?<\/h3><div class=\"rank-math-answer\">The meaning is almost identical: both mean <em>aforementioned<\/em> or <em>aforesaid<\/em>. The difference is tone and territory. <em>Suddetto<\/em> is the everyday workhorse of formal Italian and shows up across contracts, official letters, school regulations, theses. <em>Predetto<\/em> carries a stronger legal flavour and is more common in notary deeds, court rulings, and formal company documents. Many writers use both on the same page to avoid repeating one word too often. If you are unsure which to pick in your own writing, default to <em>suddetto<\/em>: it fits more contexts.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"rank-math-faq-item\"><h3 id=\"faq-sudd-3\" class=\"rank-math-question\">Can I use di cui sopra instead of suddetto?<\/h3><div class=\"rank-math-answer\">Yes, and often it is the better choice. <em>Di cui sopra<\/em> is a fixed phrase that means <em>mentioned above<\/em> and works as a flexible tag attached to any noun: <em>il punto di cui sopra, l&#8217;articolo di cui sopra, la persona di cui sopra<\/em>. It is a touch lighter than <em>suddetto<\/em> and travels well outside strict legal writing. In a business email, an academic paragraph, or a summary of minutes, <em>di cui sopra<\/em> reads more natural. Both options are correct, but <em>di cui sopra<\/em> is friendlier without losing formality.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"rank-math-faq-item\"><h3 id=\"faq-sudd-4\" class=\"rank-math-question\">Does suddetto agree in gender and number with the noun?<\/h3><div class=\"rank-math-answer\">Yes. <em>Suddetto<\/em> behaves like any regular -o adjective and takes four endings: <em>suddetto<\/em> (masc. sing.), <em>suddetta<\/em> (fem. sing.), <em>suddetti<\/em> (masc. pl.), <em>suddette<\/em> (fem. pl.). <em>Il suddetto contratto, la suddetta clausola, i suddetti articoli, le suddette parti<\/em>. The same pattern applies to <em>predetto, sopraddetto, sottoindicato, soprascritto<\/em>. Two members of the family are exceptions: <em>di cui sopra<\/em> and <em>come specificato sopra<\/em> are fixed phrases and never change shape. They sit beside the noun unchanged for all genders and numbers.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"rank-math-faq-item\"><h3 id=\"faq-sudd-5\" class=\"rank-math-question\">Is sottoindicato one word or two?<\/h3><div class=\"rank-math-answer\">Both spellings exist. <em>Sottoindicato<\/em> written as one word is the standard form in modern formal Italian and is the safer choice for contracts, official forms, and administrative documents. The two-word form <em>sotto indicato<\/em> is also accepted and you will read it in older or less standardised texts. The same pattern applies to <em>sopraindicato<\/em> and <em>sopra indicato<\/em>. When in doubt, write one word. The adverbs <em>sopra<\/em> and <em>sotto<\/em> bind tightly with verbs like <em>indicato, scritto, menzionato, descritto<\/em> in this formal tone, and the one-word form reflects that bond on the page.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"rank-math-faq-item\"><h3 id=\"faq-sudd-6\" class=\"rank-math-question\">Are these words too formal for a business email?<\/h3><div class=\"rank-math-answer\">Some are, some are not. <em>Suddetto, predetto, sopraddetto, soprascritto<\/em> and <em>sottoindicato<\/em> sound stiff in an email between colleagues and very out of place in a friendly message. The three softer members of the family fit business correspondence well: <em>sopra menzionato, di cui sopra<\/em>, and <em>come specificato sopra<\/em>. They keep a polite tone without the bureaucratic edge. For an internal note or a quick update to a colleague, ordinary demonstratives (<em>quello, quella<\/em>) plus a short reminder of which item you mean are usually the best option.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:post-content -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":2} -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Three guides that pair with italian suddetto predetto formal reference vocabulary and the formal reference family, plus the institutional Treccani entry.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list --><ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<!-- wp:list-item --><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-voi-singular-southern-polite\/\">Italian Voi for One Person: The Southern Polite Form<\/a>: another corner of formal address.<\/li><!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n<!-- wp:list-item --><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-stesso-vs-uguale-same-equal\/\">Italian Stesso vs Uguale: &#8216;Same&#8217; or &#8216;Equal&#8217;?<\/a>: the everyday reference word that pairs with suddetto in formal writing.<\/li><!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n<!-- wp:list-item --><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-modal-verbs\/\">Italian Modal Verbs: Dovere, Potere, Volere, Sapere<\/a>: vorrei, potrebbe and other formal politeness tools.<\/li><!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n<!-- wp:list-item --><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/suddetto\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani: voce suddetto<\/a>: institutional dictionary entry.<\/li><!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n<\/ul><!-- \/wp:list -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Italian formal reference words at B2: suddetto, predetto, sopraddetto, sottoindicato, soprascritto, di cui sopra, come specificato sopra. Notary office dialogue in Genova, comparison table, FAQ.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1866],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b2","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60693"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60693\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62172,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60693\/revisions\/62172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}