{"id":59990,"date":"2026-05-14T16:44:19","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T07:44:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=59990"},"modified":"2026-05-27T00:40:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T15:40:13","slug":"italian-tuttavia-nondimeno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-tuttavia-nondimeno\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Tuttavia, Nondimeno, Ciononostante: Adversatives (C1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> Italian has a family of formal adversative connectives that climb the register ladder past everyday <em>per\u00f2<\/em> and <em>ma<\/em>. <strong>Italian tuttavia<\/strong> means &#8220;however&#8221; or &#8220;nevertheless&#8221; and lives in essays, editorials, and careful spoken Italian. <strong>Italian nondimeno<\/strong> means &#8220;nonetheless&#8221; and goes one rung higher: academic prose, legal writing, formal journalism. <strong>Italian ciononostante<\/strong> means &#8220;despite this&#8221; or &#8220;in spite of that&#8221; and acts as a discourse marker that ties one paragraph to the next. The three share a job (signalling contrast with what was said before) but differ in tone, position, and the size of the contrast they mark. This C1 guide untangles each one, with a newsroom dialogue in Pisa and a position-and-punctuation cheat sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-tn\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-tn-t gb-headline-text\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#one-liner\">The one-line rule for italian tuttavia and friends<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tuttavia\">Tuttavia: the written &#8216;however&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nondimeno\">Nondimeno: the academic &#8216;nonetheless&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ciononostante\">Ciononostante: &#8216;despite this&#8217; across paragraphs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#spelling\">Ciononostante or ci\u00f2 nonostante: spelling rules<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#reinforcer\">Reinforcing bench\u00e9 and nonostante in the main clause<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#position\">Position and punctuation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#register\">Register ladder: from per\u00f2 to nondimeno<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#stacking\">Ma tuttavia, ma nondimeno: is stacking ever right?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet for italian tuttavia and friends<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue in a Pisa newsroom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"one-liner\">The one-line rule for italian tuttavia and friends<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All three of these italian tuttavia connectives signal a contrast with what was said before. <em>Italian tuttavia<\/em> is the workhorse of formal Italian: editorials, essays, careful speech. <em>Italian nondimeno<\/em> goes one rung higher and lives in academic prose, legal documents, and book introductions. <em>Italian ciononostante<\/em> is the discourse marker of the three: it ties a new sentence (or paragraph) to a fact already established, often summarising a chain of obstacles. The differences are register and reach: tuttavia for a sentence-level pivot, nondimeno for a learned counterweight, ciononostante for a wider rhetorical bridge.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L&#8217;inchiesta era piena di lacune; tuttavia, il giornale decise di pubblicarla. <em>The investigation was full of gaps; however, the paper decided to publish it.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La tradizione l&#8217;ha condannata; nondimeno, la forma \u00e8 ancora in uso. <em>Tradition has condemned it; nonetheless, the form is still in use.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il governo ha varato la riforma. Ciononostante, le proteste non si sono fermate. <em>The government passed the reform. Despite this, the protests didn&#8217;t stop.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tuttavia\">Tuttavia: the written &#8216;however&#8217;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common member of the italian tuttavia family is <em>tuttavia<\/em> itself. It matches English &#8220;however&#8221; almost one-to-one. In writing it&#8217;s a default adversative connector, comfortable in essays, news articles, and longer letters. In speech it appears in careful registers (an academic seminar, a board meeting, a measured argument), where <em>per\u00f2<\/em> would sound too colloquial.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Era una giornata splendida; tuttavia il fotografo non si \u00e8 presentato. <em>It was a beautiful day; however, the photographer didn&#8217;t show up.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;articolo era ben scritto; tuttavia mancava una fonte fondamentale. <em>The article was well written; however, a key source was missing.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Tuttavia, vorrei sentire prima il parere del direttore. <em>However, I&#8217;d like to hear the director&#8217;s opinion first.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le cifre sembrano confortanti, tuttavia gli analisti restano cauti. <em>The numbers look reassuring; however, the analysts remain cautious.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ho letto il manoscritto due volte; tuttavia c&#8217;\u00e8 ancora qualcosa che non mi convince. <em>I&#8217;ve read the manuscript twice; nonetheless, something still doesn&#8217;t convince me.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Position of italian tuttavia is flexible. <em>Tuttavia<\/em> can open a sentence (after a semicolon or full stop), sit between subject and verb (set off by commas), or follow the main verb. The position fine-tunes the emphasis: initial <em>tuttavia<\/em> announces the pivot; mid-clause <em>tuttavia<\/em> softens it; sentence-final <em>tuttavia<\/em> is rarer but possible in writing for a deliberate rhetorical effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"nondimeno\">Nondimeno: the academic &#8216;nonetheless&#8217;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Climbing the italian tuttavia register ladder, the next rung is <em>italian nondimeno<\/em>. The word is built from <em>non<\/em> + <em>di<\/em> + <em>meno<\/em>, literally &#8220;not the less&#8221;, and English &#8220;nonetheless&#8221; is the perfect match. It belongs to academic prose, legal writing, art and literary criticism, and the longer-form essays that fill the cultural pages of an Italian newspaper. In daily speech it sounds bookish; written, it sounds careful.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tutto sembrava perduto; nondimeno il pezzo \u00e8 uscito in prima pagina. <em>Everything seemed lost; nonetheless, the piece ran on the front page.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La condanna del grammatico era immotivata; nondimeno l&#8217;uso ne ha sofferto. <em>The grammarian&#8217;s condemnation was unfounded; nonetheless, common usage suffered.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;autore non era un giurista; nondimeno ha saputo riassumere la sentenza con precisione. <em>The author wasn&#8217;t a jurist; nonetheless, he managed to summarise the ruling precisely.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;opera non ebbe successo immediato; nondimeno influenz\u00f2 profondamente la generazione successiva. <em>The work didn&#8217;t have immediate success; nonetheless, it deeply influenced the next generation.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The shade that distinguishes italian nondimeno from italian tuttavia is solemnity. <em>Tuttavia<\/em> can be neutral, even brisk; <em>nondimeno<\/em> carries weight, as if the writer is balancing a serious counterargument. For a contemporary cultural review or a thesis introduction, <em>nondimeno<\/em> is the right register. For a news report or a routine letter, <em>tuttavia<\/em> sits better.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-tn-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge:<\/strong> Pick the best adversative for each sentence: <em>tuttavia<\/em>, <em>nondimeno<\/em>, or <em>ciononostante<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L&#8217;editore ha rifiutato il manoscritto. ____, la giovane scrittrice ha continuato a inviarlo ad altre case.<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;articolo \u00e8 ben documentato; ____ il titolo va rivisto.<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;opera ricevette stroncature feroci alla prima; ____ \u00e8 oggi considerata un capolavoro.<\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha la sciatica; ____, \u00e8 venuta in redazione lo stesso.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 See answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>Ciononostante<\/strong> (discourse marker tying new sentence to established fact).<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>tuttavia<\/strong> (everyday formal pivot, news register).<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>nondimeno<\/strong> (academic \/ literary critical register).<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>ciononostante<\/strong> or <strong>tuttavia<\/strong> (both work; <em>ciononostante<\/em> emphasises that Caterina came despite the pain).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ciononostante\">Ciononostante: &#8216;despite this&#8217; across paragraphs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most rhetorically muscular of the three is <em>italian ciononostante<\/em>. The word literally means &#8220;this notwithstanding&#8221; and acts as a discourse marker that points back to an established fact (sometimes a whole paragraph of facts) and pivots to a contrasting consequence. It is the connector you reach for when you want to say &#8220;and yet, despite everything just said&#8221;. Register: formal, written-leaning, but more colourful than <em>nondimeno<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il governo ha varato la riforma; ciononostante, le proteste non si sono fermate. <em>The government passed the reform; despite this, the protests didn&#8217;t stop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pensavamo di chiudere il numero in serata. Ciononostante, \u00e8 arrivato un comunicato urgente che ci ha tenuti svegli fino all&#8217;alba. <em>We thought we&#8217;d close the issue by evening. Despite this, an urgent press release came in and kept us up until dawn.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Lorenzo aveva tutte le ragioni per dirsi sconfitto; ciononostante, ha proposto un nuovo angolo per il pezzo. <em>Lorenzo had every reason to consider himself beaten; despite this, he suggested a new angle for the piece.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il romanzo era stato bocciato da tre editori. Ciononostante, l&#8217;autrice insistette e oggi ha vinto il Premio Strega. <em>The novel had been rejected by three publishers. Despite this, the author persisted and today she&#8217;s won the Strega Prize.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike its cousins italian tuttavia and italian nondimeno, <em>ciononostante<\/em> is built around the pronoun <em>ci\u00f2<\/em> (&#8220;this&#8221;), and it cannot start a fresh thought from nothing. It needs an antecedent: a fact, a chain of facts, a paragraph. That&#8217;s why it works so well across paragraph boundaries: it lets you say &#8220;all of what I just told you notwithstanding, this happened&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"spelling\">Ciononostante or ci\u00f2 nonostante: spelling rules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A common doubt at C1 level for italian tuttavia learners. Treccani confirms that all four written forms are correct: <em>ciononostante<\/em> (one word), <em>ci\u00f2 nonostante<\/em> (two words), <em>ci\u00f2 non ostante<\/em> (three words), and the rarer <em>cionnonostante<\/em> (with syntactic doubling of the n). Contemporary written Italian prefers the single-word form <em>ciononostante<\/em>, which is also the version you&#8217;ll see in the major newspapers and in academic writing.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ciononostante, la mostra \u00e8 stata un successo. <em>Despite this, the exhibition was a success.<\/em> (preferred today)<\/li>\n<li>Ci\u00f2 nonostante, la mostra \u00e8 stata un successo. <em>Despite this, the exhibition was a success.<\/em> (older form, still accepted)<\/li>\n<li>Ci\u00f2 non ostante, la mostra \u00e8 stata un successo. <em>Despite this, the exhibition was a success.<\/em> (rarest, literary)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The take-home for writers: pick <em>ciononostante<\/em> in modern formal Italian. The two-word version <em>ci\u00f2 nonostante<\/em> is fine, especially in older texts or when the writer wants a slightly more deliberate rhythm. The three-word form <em>ci\u00f2 non ostante<\/em> is almost only encountered in nineteenth-century writing and legal language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reinforcer\">Reinforcing bench\u00e9 and nonostante in the main clause<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One C1 use that catches learners by surprise. Italian routinely places italian tuttavia or <em>nondimeno<\/em> in the main clause to reinforce a concessive subordinate clause introduced by <em>bench\u00e9<\/em>, <em>sebbene<\/em>, <em>nonostante<\/em>, or <em>per quanto<\/em>. English would not double the contrast; Italian does, especially in writing.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bench\u00e9 fosse ammalato, l&#8217;anziano scrittore decise tuttavia di uscire per visitare la mostra. <em>Although he was ill, the elderly writer nevertheless decided to go out to visit the exhibition.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Sebbene il manoscritto fosse pieno di refusi, l&#8217;editore decise nondimeno di pubblicarlo. <em>Although the manuscript was full of typos, the publisher nonetheless decided to publish it.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Nonostante l&#8217;opposizione del consiglio, il direttore tuttavia procedette con la nomina. <em>Despite the board&#8217;s opposition, the director nevertheless proceeded with the appointment.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Per quanto fosse stanco, Lorenzo fin\u00ec nondimeno l&#8217;articolo entro la mezzanotte. <em>Tired as he was, Lorenzo nonetheless finished the article by midnight.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The doubling adds emphasis. English speakers translating literally would write only one of the two adversatives (&#8220;Although he was ill, the writer decided to go out&#8221;). Italian likes the doubled signal in formal writing, where it underlines the contrast and gives the sentence a balanced rhythm. The same logic produces <em>ma tuttavia<\/em> and <em>ma nondimeno<\/em>, which we cover next.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"position\">Position and punctuation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian writers handle italian tuttavia, italian nondimeno, and italian ciononostante with a few flexible punctuation conventions. The rules below cover most cases; literary writers will bend them for rhythm.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Word<\/th><th>Typical position<\/th><th>Punctuation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>tuttavia (initial)<\/td><td>start of a new sentence or clause<\/td><td>preceded by full stop, semicolon, or comma; followed by comma<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tuttavia (mid)<\/td><td>between subject and verb, or after verb<\/td><td>commas on both sides: <em>Il pezzo, tuttavia, era pronto<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>nondimeno (initial)<\/td><td>start of a new sentence (formal)<\/td><td>preceded by full stop or semicolon; followed by comma<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>nondimeno (mid)<\/td><td>between subject and verb<\/td><td>commas on both sides<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ciononostante (initial)<\/td><td>start of a new sentence linked to previous content<\/td><td>preceded by full stop or semicolon; followed by comma<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ciononostante (mid)<\/td><td>rare; usually after subject<\/td><td>commas on both sides<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The semicolon is a favourite of Italian formal writers when pivoting with these connectors. A semicolon followed by <em>tuttavia<\/em> or <em>nondimeno<\/em> signals that the new clause is closely tied to the previous one, while a full stop opens more breathing room. The choice is stylistic, not grammatical, and reading a few editorials makes it intuitive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"register\">Register ladder: from per\u00f2 to nondimeno<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To pick the right italian tuttavia or one of its cousins, think of a register ladder. The bottom rung is everyday speech, the top rung is academic prose. Italian tuttavia, italian nondimeno, and italian ciononostante all sit near the top.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Word<\/th><th>Register<\/th><th>Where you hear it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>ma<\/td><td>spoken, neutral<\/td><td>everywhere, all registers<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>per\u00f2<\/td><td>spoken, neutral<\/td><td>conversation, friendly writing<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>comunque<\/td><td>spoken to informal written<\/td><td>email, casual essay, conversation<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tuttavia<\/td><td>formal written, careful spoken<\/td><td>news articles, essays, board meetings<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ciononostante<\/td><td>formal written, occasionally spoken<\/td><td>opinion pieces, longer reports<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>nondimeno<\/td><td>academic \/ legal \/ literary<\/td><td>thesis introductions, court rulings, book prefaces<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ladder is approximate. A skilled writer will lean down or up for effect, mixing <em>per\u00f2<\/em> into an academic piece for warmth, or sliding <em>nondimeno<\/em> into a friendly letter for irony. But as a default, match the register of your text to the rung you climb. A casual blog post wants <em>per\u00f2<\/em>; an editorial wants <em>tuttavia<\/em>; a research paper wants <em>nondimeno<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"stacking\">Ma tuttavia, ma nondimeno: is stacking ever right?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You will hear and read italian tuttavia stacked with <em>ma<\/em>, <em>ma nondimeno<\/em>, even <em>ma ciononostante<\/em> in spoken Italian and in informal writing. Both halves are adversatives, and stacking them is grammatically possible but stylistically poor in formal prose. Italian style manuals discourage the doubling because the meaning is already complete with one of the two.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Era stanco, ma tuttavia ha finito il pezzo. (everyday emphasis, OK in speech, sloppy in formal writing) <em>He was tired, but nevertheless he finished the piece.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Era stanco, tuttavia ha finito il pezzo. (clean formal version) <em>He was tired; nevertheless, he finished the piece.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Era stanco, ma ha finito il pezzo. (everyday clean version) <em>He was tired but finished the piece.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For italian tuttavia in C1 written work (university papers, formal reports, editorials), pick one adversative and stop. If you want emphasis, use position and punctuation: <em>era stanco; tuttavia, ha finito il pezzo<\/em>. The semicolon plus initial <em>tuttavia<\/em> does the same emphatic work that <em>ma tuttavia<\/em> tries to do, but with much more elegance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using <em>per\u00f2<\/em> in academic prose: <em>l&#8217;autore cita Dante, per\u00f2 senza distinguere fra le cantiche<\/em>. In academic register, use <em>tuttavia<\/em>: <em>l&#8217;autore cita Dante, tuttavia senza distinguere fra le cantiche<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Translating &#8220;however&#8221; as <em>comunque<\/em> in formal writing. <em>Comunque<\/em> often means &#8220;anyway&#8221; or &#8220;in any case&#8221; rather than &#8220;however&#8221;; the better formal match is <em>tuttavia<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Stacking <em>ma + tuttavia<\/em> in formal writing. Pick one. In speech the doubling is fine; in an essay it sounds redundant.<\/li>\n<li>Writing <em>cionnonostante<\/em> (with double n). Treccani lists it as a possible historical form with syntactic doubling, but modern Italian uses <em>ciononostante<\/em> (single n).<\/li>\n<li>Starting a sentence with <em>ciononostante<\/em> when there&#8217;s no clear antecedent. The word needs a &#8220;this&#8221; to refer back to. If the previous sentence doesn&#8217;t supply the contrast, switch to <em>tuttavia<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Confusing <em>nondimeno<\/em> with <em>nientedimeno<\/em>. The two look similar but are different words: <em>nondimeno<\/em> = &#8220;nonetheless&#8221; (adversative); <em>nientedimeno<\/em> = &#8220;no less than&#8221;, a phrase of surprise (<em>nientedimeno che il presidente<\/em> = &#8220;none other than the president&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet for italian tuttavia and friends<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quick reference for italian tuttavia and the three formal adversatives plus their cousins.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Italian<\/th><th>English<\/th><th>Register<\/th><th>Typical use<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>tuttavia<\/td><td>however, nevertheless<\/td><td>formal written, careful spoken<\/td><td>editorials, essays, news<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>nondimeno<\/td><td>nonetheless, none the less<\/td><td>academic, legal, literary<\/td><td>thesis intros, court rulings, criticism<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ciononostante<\/td><td>despite this, in spite of that<\/td><td>formal written, occasionally spoken<\/td><td>discourse marker linking paragraphs<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ci\u00f2 nonostante<\/td><td>despite this (two-word variant)<\/td><td>same as ciononostante<\/td><td>older texts, deliberate rhythm<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>per\u00f2<\/td><td>but, however<\/td><td>spoken, neutral<\/td><td>conversation, friendly writing<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>comunque<\/td><td>anyway, however<\/td><td>spoken to informal written<\/td><td>casual essay, email<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ma<\/td><td>but<\/td><td>all registers<\/td><td>universal adversative<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue in a Pisa newsroom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following dialogue shows italian tuttavia, nondimeno, and ciononostante in a setting where they belong: a newsroom on deadline. Caterina edits the culture section of a Pisa weekly; Lorenzo is the junior journalist who filed the piece an hour ago. They&#8217;re revising sentence by sentence before sending the layout to press.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-tn\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Lorenzo, leggimi l&#8217;attacco. Mi suona zoppo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> \u00abIl festival ha registrato il tutto esaurito; per\u00f2, gli organizzatori parlano gi\u00e0 di un ridimensionamento\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Ecco, l\u00ec il \u00abper\u00f2\u00bb suona da bar. Per la prima pagina serve \u00abtuttavia\u00bb. Cambia con: \u00abIl festival ha registrato il tutto esaurito; tuttavia, gli organizzatori parlano gi\u00e0 di un ridimensionamento\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Capito. Anche pi\u00f9 sotto ho usato un \u00abper\u00f2\u00bb. Te lo leggo: \u00abBench\u00e9 il bilancio fosse positivo, il direttore ha annunciato dei tagli\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Quello regge. Per\u00f2 potremmo rafforzarlo: \u00abBench\u00e9 il bilancio fosse positivo, il direttore ha tuttavia annunciato dei tagli\u00bb. Il doppio segnale d\u00e0 pi\u00f9 peso al contrasto.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Mi piace. Sul pezzo principale, in chiusura, ho scritto: \u00abLe critiche sono state durissime. Ciononostante, l&#8217;autrice ha continuato il tour\u00bb. Va bene \u00abciononostante\u00bb l\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Perfetto. L\u00ec lega due frasi diverse e tira dentro tutta la lista di critiche. \u00c8 quello che fa \u00abciononostante\u00bb meglio degli altri. Tienilo cos\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> E \u00abnondimeno\u00bb quando lo uso?<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Lo tieni per il pezzo sulla biennale di Venezia. L\u00ec il registro \u00e8 critico-letterario, nondimeno ci sta benissimo. In una cronaca normale suona pretenzioso.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Vedi che l&#8217;hai usato adesso, nel parlarmi? \u00abCritico-letterario, nondimeno ci sta benissimo\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Hai ragione, mi \u00e8 scappato. \u00c8 deformazione professionale, scusami. Comunque, chiudiamo il pezzo. La tipografia chiama fra venti minuti.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Procedo. Cambio \u00abper\u00f2\u00bb in \u00abtuttavia\u00bb, aggiungo il \u00abtuttavia\u00bb dopo \u00abdirettore\u00bb, lascio \u00abciononostante\u00bb in chiusura, e tengo \u00abnondimeno\u00bb per la biennale. Va?<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Va. E la prossima volta che scrivi per la prima pagina, pensaci due volte prima di mettere \u00abper\u00f2\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What to notice in the dialogue<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>tuttavia<\/strong> replaces <em>per\u00f2<\/em> when the register climbs from conversational to journalistic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ha tuttavia annunciato<\/strong>: tuttavia reinforces the concessive <em>bench\u00e9<\/em>, doubling the contrast.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ciononostante, l&#8217;autrice ha continuato<\/strong>: discourse marker tying the new sentence to the chain of critiche.<\/li>\n<li><strong>nondimeno ci sta benissimo<\/strong>: nondimeno parked as the right word for a critical-literary register, while Caterina herself slips into it conversationally (deformazione professionale).<\/li>\n<li><strong>comunque, chiudiamo<\/strong>: comunque is the spoken-register cousin that signals &#8220;anyway, let&#8217;s wrap up&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the quiz below to test what you&#8217;ve learned about italian tuttavia, nondimeno, and ciononostante.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-tutt\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_70\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. 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             <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"423\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Cloze: formal adversatives by register<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"424\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Spot the correct sentence: formal adversatives<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choose the right formal adversative for each register<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Pick the connector that fits the formal register of the sentence. <strong>Tuttavia<\/strong> is the workhorse of editorial and essay prose; <strong>nondimeno<\/strong> sits one rung higher (academic, legal, literary); <strong>ciononostante<\/strong> is a discourse marker that points back to an established fact. Watch for traps: <\/em><em>per&ograve;<\/em> is too colloquial for the front page, <em>comunque<\/em> means &#8220;anyway&#8221; rather than &#8220;however&#8221;, and <em>nientedimeno<\/em> is a false friend of <em>nondimeno<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> Adele Dra&scaron;kovi&cacute;, caporedattrice della cultura del settimanale triestino &#8220;Il Carso&#8221;, rilegge i pezzi di Massimiliano Tessari, giornalista junior. Sono in redazione, in via Mazzini a Trieste, e devono chiudere il numero in due ore. Adele caccia i &#8220;per&ograve;&#8221; colloquiali dalla prima pagina e suggerisce a Massimiliano quando usare <em>tuttavia<\/em>, <em>nondimeno<\/em> o <em>ciononostante<\/em> in base al registro. Alcune frasi vengono da bozze di articoli, altre da una lettera formale a Einaudi e da un saggio universitario su Italo Svevo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#888;\"><strong>If your keyboard doesn&#8217;t have Italian accents<\/strong>, you can type an apostrophe instead. e.g. <code>e'<\/code> for <code>&egrave;<\/code>, <code>perche'<\/code> for <code>perch&eacute;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6972\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Per la prima pagina del \u00abCarso\u00bb, Adele riscrive l'attacco. \u00abIl festival ha registrato il tutto esaurito; (per\u00f2, tuttavia, comunque) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tuttavia)<\/span><\/span> gli organizzatori parlano gi\u00e0 di un ridimensionamento\u00bb.<br><em>For the front page of \u00abIl Carso\u00bb, Adele rewrites the lede. \u00abThe festival sold out; however, the organisers are already talking about scaling back\u00bb.<\/em><\/li><li>Nell'introduzione della tesi su Italo Svevo, Massimiliano scrive: \u00abL'opera non riscosse successo immediato; (nondimeno, per\u00f2, comunque) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(nondimeno)<\/span><\/span> ha influenzato profondamente la generazione successiva\u00bb.<br><em>In his thesis introduction on Italo Svevo, Massimiliano writes: \u00abThe work did not enjoy immediate success; nonetheless, it deeply influenced the next generation\u00bb.<\/em><\/li><li>L'autrice aveva ricevuto tre rifiuti dagli editori, un'inchiesta interna in casa editrice e una stroncatura sul \u00abCorriere\u00bb. (Tuttavia, Ciononostante, Comunque) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Ciononostante)<\/span><\/span>, ha continuato il suo tour di presentazioni del romanzo.<br><em>The author had received three rejections from publishers, an internal review at her press, and a hatchet-job in the \u00abCorriere\u00bb. Despite all this, she went on with her book tour.<\/em><\/li><li>Bench\u00e9 fosse esausto dopo dodici ore davanti al manoscritto al caff\u00e8 San Marco, Massimiliano ha (per\u00f2, ma, tuttavia) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tuttavia)<\/span><\/span> consegnato il pezzo entro la mezzanotte.<br><em>Although he was exhausted after twelve hours over the manuscript at Caff&amp;egrave; San Marco, Massimiliano nevertheless delivered the article by midnight.<\/em><\/li><li>Sebbene il manoscritto fosse pieno di refusi, l'editore Einaudi decise (comunque, per\u00f2, nondimeno) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(nondimeno)<\/span><\/span> di pubblicarlo per il valore letterario del testo.<br><em>Although the manuscript was full of typos, the publisher Einaudi nonetheless decided to publish it for the literary value of the text.<\/em><\/li><li>Adele rilegge il sommario e annota a margine: \u00abIl pezzo sulla Biennale, (tuttavia, ciononostante, nondimeno) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tuttavia)<\/span><\/span>, era gi\u00e0 pronto venerd\u00ec scorso\u00bb.<br><em>Adele rereads the summary and notes in the margin: \u00abThe piece on the Biennale, however, was already ready last Friday\u00bb.<\/em><\/li><li>La giuria della Biennale ha bocciato il padiglione triestino con tre voti contrari. (Tuttavia, Per\u00f2, Ciononostante) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Ciononostante)<\/span><\/span>, il curatore ha aperto la mostra al pubblico nel giorno previsto.<br><em>The Biennale jury rejected the Trieste pavilion with three contrary votes. Despite this, the curator opened the exhibition to the public on the scheduled day.<\/em><\/li><li>Nella lettera formale all'editore, Massimiliano corregge la bozza: \u00abIl saggio \u00e8 denso di citazioni; (tuttavia, comunque, beh) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tuttavia)<\/span><\/span>, la prosa resta lineare e accessibile al lettore non specialista\u00bb.<br><em>In the formal letter to the publisher, Massimiliano edits the draft: \u00abThe essay is dense with citations; however, the prose remains linear and accessible to the non-specialist reader\u00bb.<\/em><\/li><li>Nella recensione del nuovo saggio su Calvino, Adele cassa il \u00abper\u00f2\u00bb di Massimiliano: \u00abL'autore cita le Cosmicomiche con disinvoltura; (per\u00f2, comunque, tuttavia) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tuttavia)<\/span><\/span> la sua lettura ne ignora la struttura combinatoria\u00bb.<br><em>In the review of the new essay on Calvino, Adele cuts Massimiliano's \u00abper\u00f2\u00bb: \u00abThe author cites Cosmicomics with ease; however, his reading ignores their combinatorial structure\u00bb.<\/em><\/li><li>Adele preferisce sempre la grafia moderna nei pezzi del giornale: scrive (cionnonostante, ciononostante, ci\u00f2 non ostante) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ciononostante)<\/span><\/span> in una sola parola, come consigliano i manuali di stile contemporanei.<br><em>Adele always prefers the modern spelling in newspaper pieces: she writes \u00abciononostante\u00bb as a single word, as contemporary style manuals recommend.<\/em><\/li><li>La critica era stata severa con il romanzo d'esordio; (nientedimeno, nondimeno, comunque) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(nondimeno)<\/span><\/span>, l'autrice ha vinto il Premio Campiello con il secondo libro a soli ventotto anni.<br><em>The critics had been harsh with the debut novel; nonetheless, the author won the Campiello Prize with her second book at just twenty-eight.<\/em><\/li><li>Per il saggio sull'editoria veneta degli anni Settanta, Massimiliano sceglie la versione pulita: \u00abI bilanci erano in rosso; (tuttavia, ma tuttavia, ma per\u00f2) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tuttavia)<\/span><\/span> la casa editrice continu\u00f2 a pubblicare poesia\u00bb.<br><em>For his essay on Veneto publishing in the 1970s, Massimiliano picks the clean version: \u00abThe balance sheets were in the red; however, the publishing house kept printing poetry\u00bb.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 right out of 12. You handle the formal adversative ladder like a senior editor at a quality newspaper.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review the register ladder and the discourse-marker logic:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>tuttavia<\/strong> = formal &#8220;however&#8221;, at home in news editorials, essays, board meetings, and careful written argument.<\/li>\n<li><strong>nondimeno<\/strong> = &#8220;nonetheless&#8221;, a rung higher than <em>tuttavia<\/em>: academic prose, legal writing, art criticism, thesis introductions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ciononostante<\/strong> = &#8220;despite this&#8221;: a discourse marker that needs an antecedent (a fact, a chain of facts, a paragraph). It links a new sentence back to what was just said.<\/li>\n<li><strong>per&ograve;<\/strong> is colloquial and out of register on the front page or in a thesis. <strong>comunque<\/strong> usually means &#8220;anyway&#8221;, not &#8220;however&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Reinforcer pattern: <em>bench&eacute; \/ sebbene \/ nonostante \/ per quanto<\/em> in the subordinate, then <em>tuttavia<\/em> or <em>nondimeno<\/em> in the main clause for a balanced rhythm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orthography<\/strong>: modern formal Italian prefers <em>ciononostante<\/em> in one word. <em>Ci&ograve; nonostante<\/em> (two words) is accepted in older texts. <em>Cionnonostante<\/em> (double n) is rare and archaic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>False friend<\/strong>: <em>nondimeno<\/em> = &#8220;nonetheless&#8221;; <em>nientedimeno<\/em> = &#8220;no less than&#8221; (surprise marker, not adversative).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stacking<\/strong>: <em>ma tuttavia<\/em> is fine in speech, stylistically poor in formal prose. Pick one connector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Register first, position second.<\/strong> Match the connector to the formality of the text: editorial &rarr; <em>tuttavia<\/em>; academic \/ literary &rarr; <em>nondimeno<\/em>; paragraph bridge with antecedent &rarr; <em>ciononostante<\/em>. Per&ograve; and comunque are spoken-register cousins, not formal twins.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the one correct sentence in each set of three<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>One sentence in each group respects the formal register, the punctuation, or the orthography rule for these connectors. The other two break it. Select the correct one.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6973\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Il festival ha registrato il tutto esaurito; tuttavia, gli organizzatori parlano di un ridimensionamento.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Il festival ha registrato il tutto esaurito; per\u00f2, gli organizzatori parlano di un ridimensionamento.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Il festival ha registrato il tutto esaurito; beh comunque gli organizzatori parlano di un ridimensionamento.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> L'opera non ebbe successo immediato; nondimeno ha influenzato profondamente la generazione successiva.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> L'opera non ebbe successo immediato; comunque ha influenzato profondamente la generazione successiva.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> L'opera non ebbe successo immediato; per\u00f2 ha influenzato profondamente la generazione successiva.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> L'autrice aveva ricevuto tre rifiuti. Cionnonostante, ha continuato il tour di presentazioni.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> L'autrice aveva ricevuto tre rifiuti. Ciononostante, ha continuato il tour di presentazioni.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> L'autrice aveva ricevuto tre rifiuti. Ci\u00f2 non ostante, ha continuato il tour di presentazioni.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Il pezzo sulla Biennale tuttavia era gi\u00e0 pronto venerd\u00ec scorso.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Il pezzo sulla Biennale, tuttavia era gi\u00e0 pronto venerd\u00ec scorso.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Il pezzo sulla Biennale, tuttavia, era gi\u00e0 pronto venerd\u00ec scorso.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Bench\u00e9 fosse esausto, Massimiliano ha per\u00f2 consegnato il pezzo entro la mezzanotte.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Bench\u00e9 fosse esausto, Massimiliano ha tuttavia consegnato il pezzo entro la mezzanotte.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Bench\u00e9 fosse esausto, Massimiliano ha ma consegnato il pezzo entro la mezzanotte.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Era una serata calma sul lungomare di Trieste; ciononostante, al piano di sopra si lavorava ancora al numero.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Era una serata calma sul lungomare di Trieste; ma tuttavia, al piano di sopra si lavorava ancora al numero.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_70_6973\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Era una serata calma sul lungomare di Trieste; tuttavia, al piano di sopra si lavorava ancora al numero.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 right out of 6. You can spot every trap that derails a formal Italian text.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The traps to watch for:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>Register slip<\/strong>: <em>per&ograve;<\/em> and <em>comunque<\/em> are colloquial. Front-page editorials and thesis introductions ask for <em>tuttavia<\/em> or <em>nondimeno<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orthography<\/strong>: modern formal Italian writes <em>ciononostante<\/em> as one word. <em>Cionnonostante<\/em> with double n is rare and archaic; <em>ci&ograve; non ostante<\/em> (three words) is literary.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Punctuation<\/strong>: mid-clause <em>tuttavia<\/em> sits between commas on both sides: <em>il pezzo, tuttavia, era pronto<\/em>. Drop a comma and the rhythm breaks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reinforcer<\/strong>: <em>bench&eacute; &#8230; tuttavia &#8230;<\/em> or <em>sebbene &#8230; nondimeno &#8230;<\/em> double the adversative signal in Italian formal prose. <em>Bench&eacute; &#8230; ma &#8230;<\/em> and <em>bench&eacute; &#8230; per&ograve; &#8230;<\/em> sound off in a polished text.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Antecedent<\/strong>: <em>ciononostante<\/em> needs a fact or chain of facts to point back to. Without an antecedent, switch to <em>tuttavia<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stacking<\/strong>: <em>ma tuttavia<\/em> is fine in speech, stylistically poor in formal writing. Pick one connector and use position or punctuation for emphasis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>For each trio, ask three quick questions: <strong>(1)<\/strong> Is the connector the right register for this context? <strong>(2)<\/strong> Is the punctuation around the connector right (commas on both sides for mid-clause)? <strong>(3)<\/strong> Does <em>ciononostante<\/em> have a real antecedent, or should the writer use <em>tuttavia<\/em> instead?<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_70',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 70,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"423\":12,\"424\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6972\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6972,\"catId\":423,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"tuttavia\"],[\"nondimeno\"],[\"ciononostante\"],[\"tuttavia\"],[\"nondimeno\"],[\"tuttavia\"],[\"ciononostante\"],[\"tuttavia\"],[\"tuttavia\"],[\"ciononostante\"],[\"nondimeno\"],[\"tuttavia\"]]},\"6973\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6973,\"catId\":424,\"points\":[1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1],\"correct\":[1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These questions about italian tuttavia, nondimeno, and ciononostante come from real C1 learners working through formal Italian texts. For the dictionary view, the Treccani entries on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/tuttavia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tuttavia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/nondimeno\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nondimeno<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/ciononostante\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ciononostante<\/a> give the full picture in standard Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-tn-q1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What&#8217;s the difference between tuttavia and per\u00f2?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both mean however, but the register differs. Per\u00f2 is everyday, neutral, and works in conversation and friendly writing. Tuttavia is formal: it lives in editorials, essays, news articles, and careful spoken Italian (a seminar, a board meeting). Picking per\u00f2 in a university paper sounds too casual; picking tuttavia in a chat with friends sounds bookish. Italians switch register fluently, and so should you.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-tn-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I write ci\u00f2 nonostante as two words?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Treccani recognises both ciononostante (one word) and ci\u00f2 nonostante (two words) as correct, plus the rarer ci\u00f2 non ostante (three words) and cionnonostante (with syntactic doubling). Contemporary Italian newspapers and academic writing prefer the single-word ciononostante. The two-word form is older and survives in literary or legal texts. For modern formal writing, default to ciononostante.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-tn-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Tuttavia or nondimeno: which is more formal?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Nondimeno is more formal. Tuttavia is the workhorse of formal Italian, comfortable in any serious written register and in careful speech. Nondimeno goes a rung higher: academic prose, legal writing, art criticism, book prefaces. In a newsroom, you&#8217;d pick tuttavia for a news article and nondimeno for a Venice Biennale review. In a thesis introduction, nondimeno fits; in a board email, tuttavia is enough.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-tn-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I stack ma + tuttavia in the same sentence?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Grammatically yes, stylistically no for formal writing. The pattern era stanco, ma tuttavia ha finito il pezzo is common in spoken Italian and informal writing, but Italian style manuals discourage it in essays and academic prose because both halves are adversatives and the meaning is already complete with one. For C1 written work, pick one: era stanco, tuttavia ha finito il pezzo (formal) or era stanco, ma ha finito il pezzo (everyday).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-tn-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Where does tuttavia go in the sentence?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Three positions, all flexible. Initial: tuttavia opens a new sentence or clause, set off by a comma, after a semicolon or full stop. Mid-clause: tuttavia sits between subject and verb (il pezzo, tuttavia, era pronto) or after the verb, flanked by commas. Final: rarer, mainly in writing for a deliberate rhetorical effect (il pezzo era pronto, tuttavia). The position fine-tunes emphasis: initial announces the pivot, mid-clause softens it.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-tn-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">After bench\u00e9 or nonostante, can I add tuttavia in the main clause?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, and Italian formal writing actively encourages it. The pattern bench\u00e9&#8230; tuttavia&#8230; or sebbene&#8230; nondimeno&#8230; doubles the adversative signal and gives the sentence a balanced rhythm. English avoids the doubling (you wouldn&#8217;t say although&#8230; however) but Italian likes it: bench\u00e9 fosse ammalato, decise tuttavia di uscire. The doubling is especially common with nondimeno in literary or critical prose.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-tn-q7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is comunque the same as tuttavia?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Almost, but not quite. Comunque belongs to spoken or informal written Italian; tuttavia is the formal version. Comunque also has a second meaning: anyway, in any case, which tuttavia doesn&#8217;t carry. Vado a casa comunque means I&#8217;m going home anyway (regardless of what happens), while vado a casa, tuttavia would mean I&#8217;m going home, however (with a contrast to something previously said). In formal writing, prefer tuttavia; in conversation, comunque is fine.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-nonche-peraltro-viceversa\/\">Italian Nonch\u00e9, Peraltro, Viceversa: Formal Connectives (C1)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subordinating-conjunctions\/\">Italian Subordinating Conjunctions: All 10 Types With Examples and Mood<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/affinche-poiche-benche-che\/\">Affinch\u00e9, Poich\u00e9, Bench\u00e9: Subjunctive Conjunctions With -ch\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-ma-pero-eppure\/\">Italian Ma, Per\u00f2, Eppure: Adversative Conjunctions (A2)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian has a family of formal adversative connectives that climb the register ladder past everyday per\u00f2 and ma. Italian tuttavia means &#8220;however&#8221; or &#8220;nevertheless&#8221; and lives in essays, editorials, and careful spoken Italian. Italian nondimeno means &#8220;nonetheless&#8221; and goes one rung higher: academic prose, legal writing, formal journalism. Italian ciononostante means &#8220;despite &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Tuttavia, Nondimeno, Ciononostante: Adversatives (C1)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-tuttavia-nondimeno\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Tuttavia, Nondimeno, Ciononostante: Adversatives (C1)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1867,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c1","category-lingua","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59990"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61161,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59990\/revisions\/61161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}