{"id":59787,"date":"2026-05-12T18:23:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T09:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=59787"},"modified":"2026-05-27T00:44:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T15:44:43","slug":"italian-nonche-peraltro-viceversa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-nonche-peraltro-viceversa\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Nonch\u00e9, Peraltro, Viceversa: Formal Connectives (C1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> A contract signed in front of a notary, the editorial of a national newspaper, the introduction of a doctoral thesis. <strong>Italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa<\/strong> are three formal connectives that live in these registers: bureaucratic Italian, written journalism, academic prose. They almost never show up in casual speech, but they fill the page of any official document. <em>Nonch\u00e9<\/em> adds the last item of a list with emphasis (&#8220;not to mention, as well as&#8221;). <em>Peraltro<\/em> contrasts or qualifies a previous statement (&#8220;however, moreover, by the way&#8221;). <em>Viceversa<\/em> swaps two terms reciprocally or turns the statement on its head (&#8220;vice versa, conversely&#8221;). This C1 guide untangles each one with examples from real Italian formal writing.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-nv\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#one-liner\">The one-line rule for italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nonche\">Nonch\u00e9: the formal &#8216;as well as&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#peraltro\">Peraltro: &#8216;however&#8217; and &#8216;moreover&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#viceversa\">Viceversa: reciprocity and contrast<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#register\">Register: where these connectives live<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#position\">Position and punctuation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#alternatives\">Plain Italian alternatives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet for italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue at an enoteca in Lecce<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"one-liner\">The one-line rule for italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three formal connectives, three jobs. <em>Nonch\u00e9<\/em> closes a list with emphasis on the last item; it lives in journalism, bureaucratic forms, contracts. <em>Peraltro<\/em> opens or interrupts a clause to add a &#8220;however&#8221; or &#8220;by the way&#8221;; it favours written register but appears in careful speech. <em>Viceversa<\/em> swaps two terms (&#8220;and the other way round&#8221;) or marks a sharp contrast with a previous statement (&#8220;on the contrary&#8221;). Italian italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa belong to formal Italian; in casual conversation, switch to <em>e anche<\/em>, <em>per\u00f2<\/em>, <em>invece<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"nonche\">Nonch\u00e9: the formal &#8216;as well as&#8217;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The word <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em> precedes the last item in a list, adding a touch of emphasis and signalling that the writer is closing the enumeration. It corresponds to English &#8220;as well as&#8221; or &#8220;not to mention&#8221;. The structure is consistent: comma + <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em> + final item.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Saggi, poesie, dissertazioni, nonch\u00e9 un diario enciclopedico sono solo alcuni dei suoi lavori. <em>Essays, poems, dissertations, as well as an encyclopaedic diary, are but a few of his works.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I lavori previsti includono la sostituzione delle tegole, il ripristino dei pluviali, nonch\u00e9 la verifica delle grondaie. <em>The planned works include replacing the roof tiles, restoring the downpipes, as well as inspecting the gutters.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Riceverete l&#8217;ordine del giorno, nonch\u00e9 il prospetto delle spese annuali. <em>You will receive the agenda, as well as the annual expense statement.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;azienda si occupa di consulenza fiscale, dichiarazioni dei redditi, nonch\u00e9 contenziosi tributari. <em>The firm handles tax consulting, income tax filings, as well as tax disputes.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il candidato deve presentare il curriculum, la lettera di motivazione, nonch\u00e9 due referenze professionali. <em>The candidate must submit the CV, the cover letter, as well as two professional references.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The function of <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em> is to elevate the register. In a contract or an official letter, the simple <em>e<\/em> (&#8220;and&#8221;) feels too casual; <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em> signals that the document is taking the enumeration seriously. The same content rewritten with <em>e<\/em> would still be grammatically correct but would lose the formal tone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is also a secondary use of <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em> in negative contexts, where it means &#8220;and not to mention&#8221; or &#8220;let alone&#8221;. <em>Non riesce neanche a leggere un titolo di giornale, nonch\u00e9 un romanzo di cinquecento pagine<\/em> (&#8220;he can&#8217;t even read a newspaper headline, let alone a five-hundred-page novel&#8221;). This use is rarer and lives mostly in literary or essayistic prose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"peraltro\">Peraltro: &#8216;however&#8217; and &#8216;moreover&#8217;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The word <em>peraltro<\/em> is one of the most flexible connectives in italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa. It can mean &#8220;however&#8221; (mild contrast), &#8220;moreover&#8221; (adding information), or &#8220;by the way&#8221; (introducing a parenthetical remark). The exact reading depends on context and position in the sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il contratto va firmato dal proprietario, peraltro anche dall&#8217;inquilino in caso di sublocazione. <em>The contract must be signed by the owner; moreover, also by the tenant in case of subletting.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La proposta \u00e8 interessante; peraltro, vorrei discuterne con il mio socio. <em>The proposal is interesting; however, I&#8217;d like to discuss it with my business partner.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;amministratore ha presentato il bilancio, peraltro gi\u00e0 approvato dal revisore. <em>The administrator presented the budget, which had already been approved by the auditor.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;autore cita Dante, peraltro senza distinguere fra le tre cantiche. <em>The author cites Dante, although without distinguishing between the three canticles.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il candidato ha esperienza internazionale, peraltro confermata dalle referenze. <em>The candidate has international experience, which is also confirmed by the references.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The position of <em>peraltro<\/em> can be initial, mid-clause (typically after the subject or after the verb), or in a parenthetical mid-sentence. In all positions the function is to introduce a qualifying observation. The closest English match shifts with the position: at the start it leans toward &#8220;however&#8221;; in the middle or end it leans toward &#8220;moreover&#8221; or &#8220;by the way&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viceversa\">Viceversa: reciprocity and contrast<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The word <em>viceversa<\/em> has two distinct functions in italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa. The first is the Latin literal sense, &#8220;in the opposite way&#8221; or &#8220;reciprocally&#8221;, corresponding to English &#8220;vice versa&#8221;. The second is adversative: &#8220;on the contrary&#8221;, &#8220;conversely&#8221;, marking a sharp reversal of expectation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Reciprocal use<\/strong> (everyday meaning, often at end of clause):<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>I residenti possono parcheggiare nel cortile dei vicini, e viceversa. <em>Residents can park in the neighbours&#8217; courtyard, and vice versa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I libri della biblioteca comunale possono essere restituiti nelle altre sedi, e viceversa. <em>Books from the city library can be returned at other branches, and vice versa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Lui chiama lei &#8220;amica&#8221;, e viceversa. <em>He calls her &#8220;friend&#8221;, and vice versa.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Adversative use<\/strong> (formal, often at start of clause, reverses expectation):<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pensavamo di poter rinviare i lavori, viceversa l&#8217;amministratore ha indicato urgenza. <em>We thought we could postpone the works; on the contrary, the administrator indicated urgency.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le iscrizioni chiudono il 15 maggio, viceversa per i non-residenti la scadenza \u00e8 anticipata al 30 aprile. <em>Registrations close on 15 May; conversely, for non-residents the deadline is brought forward to 30 April.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il treno ritarda di mezz&#8217;ora, viceversa l&#8217;autobus parte puntuale. <em>The train is delayed by half an hour; the bus, on the other hand, leaves on time.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The two uses can shade into each other in actual text. Italian writers exploit the ambiguity to suggest both &#8220;the reverse pattern also holds&#8221; and &#8220;but in fact the opposite is true&#8221; in a single word. The reader picks up the right reading from context.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-nv-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge:<\/strong> Fill in the blank with <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em>, <em>peraltro<\/em>, or <em>viceversa<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il candidato presenter\u00e0 il CV, la lettera di motivazione, ____ due referenze. (list close)<\/li>\n<li>La pratica \u00e8 stata accettata; ____, va completata con una firma. (qualifying remark)<\/li>\n<li>I dipendenti possono lavorare da casa, e ____ (reciprocal)<\/li>\n<li>Pensavo di trovare il negozio chiuso, ____ era ancora aperto. (contrast)<\/li>\n<li>Il libro tratta linguistica, semantica, ____ pragmatica. (list close)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 See answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>nonch\u00e9<\/strong> (formal list closure)<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>peraltro<\/strong> (qualifying)<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>viceversa<\/strong> (reciprocal)<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>viceversa<\/strong> (adversative)<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>nonch\u00e9<\/strong> (formal list closure)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"register\">Register: where these connectives live<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The three words of italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa share a register: formal Italian, written or carefully spoken. They are at home in:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Contracts and legal documents<\/strong>: <em>il presente accordo, nonch\u00e9 le clausole accessorie, costituisce parte integrante\u2026<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Journalism and editorials<\/strong>: <em>il governo ha annunciato la riforma, peraltro gi\u00e0 preparata da mesi<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Academic prose<\/strong>: <em>l&#8217;autore cita Manzoni, peraltro senza approfondirne la poetica<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Bureaucratic communications<\/strong>: <em>le scadenze valgono per i residenti, viceversa per i non-residenti\u2026<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Formal speeches<\/strong>: <em>ringraziamo i partecipanti, nonch\u00e9 gli organizzatori<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In everyday conversation Italians use the simpler alternatives: <em>e anche<\/em> or <em>pi\u00f9<\/em> for <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em>, <em>per\u00f2<\/em> or <em>tra l&#8217;altro<\/em> for <em>peraltro<\/em>, <em>al contrario<\/em> or <em>invece<\/em> for <em>viceversa<\/em>. Using the formal connectives in casual speech is not wrong, but it can sound stiff or self-consciously bookish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"position\">Position and punctuation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each connective in italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa has its preferred positions and standard punctuation. Getting these right is half of writing well in formal Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Word<\/th><th>Position<\/th><th>Standard punctuation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>nonch\u00e9<\/td><td>between penultimate and last list item<\/td><td>preceded by comma: <em>X, Y, nonch\u00e9 Z<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>peraltro (initial)<\/td><td>start of clause<\/td><td>followed by comma: <em>Peraltro, il bilancio\u2026<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>peraltro (mid)<\/td><td>after subject or verb<\/td><td>commas on both sides: <em>il bilancio, peraltro, \u00e8 approvato<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>viceversa (reciprocal)<\/td><td>end of clause<\/td><td>preceded by comma: <em>\u2026 e viceversa<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>viceversa (adversative)<\/td><td>start of clause<\/td><td>preceded by comma OR semicolon<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian written style favours commas around these connectives. In journalism you&#8217;ll often see them set off with commas on both sides for emphasis, especially <em>peraltro<\/em> in mid-position. In contracts, the punctuation is more rigid: comma before <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em>, semicolon before adversative <em>viceversa<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"alternatives\">Plain Italian alternatives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you want the same meaning in a less formal register, italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa each have everyday substitutes. The substitution doesn&#8217;t break the sentence; it just drops the register.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Formal<\/th><th>Everyday alternative<\/th><th>Register shift<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>nonch\u00e9<\/td><td>e anche, e pure, pi\u00f9<\/td><td>contract \u2192 conversation<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>peraltro (however)<\/td><td>per\u00f2, comunque, in ogni caso<\/td><td>essay \u2192 conversation<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>peraltro (moreover)<\/td><td>tra l&#8217;altro, inoltre<\/td><td>essay \u2192 conversation<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>viceversa (reciprocal)<\/td><td>e anche al contrario, e cos\u00ec pure<\/td><td>document \u2192 speech<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>viceversa (adversative)<\/td><td>al contrario, invece, anzi<\/td><td>essay \u2192 conversation<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A useful drill for C1 learners: rewrite a formal Italian sentence in everyday register and back. The exercise sharpens awareness of register without forcing a vocabulary list. A contract that opens with <em>il presente accordo, nonch\u00e9 le clausole accessorie<\/em> can be rephrased as <em>questo accordo, e anche le clausole accessorie<\/em> for a friend reading the same document. Going the other way is equally instructive: a casual sentence like <em>oggi ho preso il pane e anche il latte<\/em> becomes, in a formal report, <em>oggi ho acquistato il pane, nonch\u00e9 il latte<\/em>. The exercise reveals how Italian register is layered across a small set of substitutions; mastery of the layering is what separates B2 from C1 written competence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Writing <em>non ch\u00e9<\/em> (separated) or <em>nonch\u00e8<\/em> (grave accent). The correct spelling is <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em>, one word, acute accent on the final \u00e9, like <em>perch\u00e9<\/em> and <em>n\u00e9<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Using <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em> in casual conversation: <em>oggi ho comprato il pane, nonch\u00e9 il latte<\/em>. Grammatically fine, but it sounds like reading a contract aloud. In speech use <em>e anche<\/em> or <em>pi\u00f9<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Confusing <em>peraltro<\/em> with <em>per altro<\/em> (two words). The single-word form is the connective; the two-word form is the literal &#8220;for something else&#8221; (rare).<\/li>\n<li>Placing <em>viceversa<\/em> at the start of a non-reversal sentence: <em>viceversa, ho preso il treno<\/em>. Without an antecedent contrast or reciprocity, the word doesn&#8217;t work. It needs a previous statement to reverse or mirror.<\/li>\n<li>Mixing reciprocal and adversative viceversa: <em>i miei genitori possono visitarmi, viceversa devo lavorare<\/em>. The reciprocal use needs the same kind of action; the adversative needs a clean contrast. Better: <em>i miei genitori possono visitarmi quando vogliono, e viceversa<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Translating &#8220;vice versa&#8221; word-by-word into &#8220;vice versa&#8221; in English: in formal Italian, when the meaning is &#8220;on the contrary&#8221;, English would not use &#8220;vice versa&#8221; but &#8220;conversely&#8221; or &#8220;on the other hand&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet for italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Word<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Function<\/th><th>Register<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td>nonch\u00e9<\/td><td>as well as, not to mention<\/td><td>closes a list with emphasis<\/td><td>formal\/written<\/td><td>X, Y, nonch\u00e9 Z sono parte dell&#8217;accordo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>peraltro (start)<\/td><td>however<\/td><td>mild contrast<\/td><td>formal\/written<\/td><td>Peraltro, la proposta non \u00e8 definitiva<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>peraltro (mid)<\/td><td>moreover, by the way<\/td><td>adds qualifying info<\/td><td>formal\/written<\/td><td>Il candidato, peraltro, ha esperienza internazionale<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>viceversa (end)<\/td><td>vice versa<\/td><td>reciprocal exchange<\/td><td>everyday + formal<\/td><td>I libri vanno restituiti in altre sedi, e viceversa<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>viceversa (start)<\/td><td>on the contrary, conversely<\/td><td>reverses expectation<\/td><td>formal<\/td><td>Viceversa, l&#8217;amministratore ha indicato urgenza<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue at an enoteca in Lecce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following dialogue shows italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa in a more lived-in setting than a contract: a wine shop in Lecce on a Friday evening. Margherita runs the place; Lorenzo is a regular customer; his cousin Caterina, visiting from Padova, has tagged along to pick wines for a small dinner at his place. The register stays elevated : wine talk in Italy slips naturally into formal vocabulary : but the conversation is warm, opinionated, and far from a board meeting.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-nv\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Margherita, mia cugina \u00e8 venuta a trovarmi dal Veneto. Vorrei farle scoprire qualcosa di nostro: un Primitivo, un Negroamaro, nonch\u00e9 un Salice Salentino se ne hai uno che vale.<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Margherita:<\/strong> Il Salice ce l&#8217;ho, peraltro di un piccolo produttore di Guagnano che seguo da anni. Tua cugina ama i rossi corposi?<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> A casa bevo soprattutto vini del nord, Valpolicella, Refoschi. Viceversa qui al sud devo ancora orientarmi, non ho trovato un rosso che mi convinca davvero.<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Margherita:<\/strong> Tipico. Il Primitivo, peraltro, \u00e8 cugino dello Zinfandel californiano, ma in Salento prende un&#8217;altra anima. Te lo faccio assaggiare al volo.<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Per cena ho pensato a delle orecchiette con le cime di rapa, poi agnello alla brace. Il Primitivo regge la carne, viceversa la verdura amara vuole qualcosa di pi\u00f9 nervoso.<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Margherita:<\/strong> Per le orecchiette ti consiglio un rosato del Castello Monaci, fresco e leggero. Peraltro, la stessa cantina fa anche un bianco di Verdeca che ti sorprenderebbe.<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Posso peraltro chiedere come si conserva un rosato aperto? Da noi dura poco.<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Margherita:<\/strong> Frigorifero, tappo a vuoto, due giorni al massimo. I rossi corposi reggono di pi\u00f9, viceversa i rosati e i bianchi vanno bevuti subito.<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Prendiamo allora il rosato per l&#8217;antipasto, il Primitivo per il secondo, nonch\u00e9 una bottiglia di passito per dopo.<\/li>\n<li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Margherita:<\/strong> Ottima scelta. Lorenzo, ti incarto io tutto. Caterina, viceversa, torna a Padova con questa lista: te la scrivo, cos\u00ec a casa hai i nomi giusti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What to notice in the dialogue<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>un Primitivo, un Negroamaro, nonch\u00e9 un Salice Salentino<\/strong>: classic list closure, formal but lively register.<\/li>\n<li><strong>peraltro di un piccolo produttore di Guagnano<\/strong>: mid-clause qualifying remark adding background info.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Viceversa qui al sud devo ancora orientarmi<\/strong>: adversative, marking the contrast between Caterina&#8217;s northern habit and the southern terroir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Il Primitivo, peraltro, \u00e8 cugino dello Zinfandel<\/strong>: parenthetical aside introducing a curious fact.<\/li>\n<li><strong>viceversa la verdura amara vuole qualcosa di pi\u00f9 nervoso<\/strong>: contrast between two food-wine pairings.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Peraltro, la stessa cantina fa anche un bianco<\/strong>: start-of-clause &#8220;moreover&#8221;, adding a related suggestion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Posso peraltro chiedere<\/strong>: polite mid-clause &#8220;by the way&#8221;, introducing a tangential question.<\/li>\n<li><strong>viceversa i rosati e i bianchi vanno bevuti subito<\/strong>: contrast between aging behaviour of reds and ros\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>il Primitivo per il secondo, nonch\u00e9 una bottiglia di passito<\/strong>: list closure that adds a fourth item with a flourish.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Caterina, viceversa, torna a Padova con questa lista<\/strong>: contrast between Lorenzo (who stays and takes the bottles) and Caterina (who goes home with the names).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Take the quiz below to test your grasp of these formal connectives.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-npv\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_51\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Nonch\u00e9, Peraltro, Viceversa: Formal Connectives (C1)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F59787\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F59787\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"c0016dffbd\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59787\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"your email address\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Full Name<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Your full name\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Enter password\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    I accept the <a href=\"\/eng\/terms\/\" target=\"_blank\">Terms<\/a> and <a href=\"\/eng\/privacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Policy<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continue<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continue',\n            signIn: 'Sign In',\n            createAccount: 'Create Account',\n            enterPassword: 'Enter password',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Enter your password',\n            choosePassword: 'Choose a secure password',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'Email and password are required',\n            nameRequired: 'Full name is required',\n            acceptTerms: 'Please accept Terms and Privacy Policy',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Processing...',\n            success: 'Success! Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"419\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Choose the connective<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"98\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Spot the correct sentence<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choose the right connective<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Pick one of the three formal connectives (<strong>nonch\u00e9<\/strong>, <strong>peraltro<\/strong>, <strong>viceversa<\/strong>) for each sentence. Watch the register: every sentence belongs to a written formal context such as legal, journalistic, academic, or bureaucratic Italian.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>If your keyboard does not have Italian accents<\/strong>, you can type an apostrophe instead. For <code>nonch\u00e9<\/code> type <code>nonche'<\/code>; both are accepted.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6966\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Il quotidiano ospita reportage di cronaca, inchieste politiche, (peraltro, nonch\u00e9, viceversa) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(nonch\u00e9, nonche')<\/span><\/span> una rubrica letteraria settimanale.<br><br><em>The newspaper hosts news reportage, political investigations, as well as a weekly literary column.<\/em><\/li><li>I residenti del quartiere possono usufruire della biblioteca civica e gli abbonati della civica possono accedere alla biblioteca di quartiere, e (viceversa, nonch\u00e9, peraltro) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(viceversa)<\/span><\/span>.<br><br><em>Neighbourhood residents can use the civic library and civic-library members can access the neighbourhood branch, and vice versa.<\/em><\/li><li>Il bando finanzia ricerca di base, attivit\u00e0 divulgative, (peraltro, viceversa, nonch\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(nonch\u00e9, nonche')<\/span><\/span> progetti di terza missione.<br><br><em>The call funds basic research, outreach activities, as well as third-mission projects.<\/em><\/li><li>Cecilia ha redatto la bozza in tempi rapidi; (peraltro, nonch\u00e9, viceversa) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(peraltro)<\/span><\/span>, ha segnalato due passaggi che meritano un secondo parere.<br><br><em>Cecilia drafted the document quickly; however, she flagged two passages that deserve a second opinion.<\/em><\/li><li>Pensavamo che la riunione si sarebbe tenuta in presenza; (nonch\u00e9, viceversa, peraltro) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(viceversa)<\/span><\/span>, il consiglio ha optato per una sessione telematica.<br><br><em>We thought the gathering would be held in person; on the contrary, the board opted for a remote session.<\/em><\/li><li>La sentenza riconosce il danno patrimoniale; (viceversa, nonch\u00e9, peraltro) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(peraltro)<\/span><\/span>, dispone un risarcimento simbolico per quello morale.<br><br><em>The verdict acknowledges the financial damage; however, it grants only symbolic compensation for the moral one.<\/em><\/li><li>Edoardo cura la pagina culturale del quotidiano e collabora, (peraltro, viceversa, nonch\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(peraltro)<\/span><\/span>, alla redazione sportiva nei fine settimana.<br><br><em>Edoardo curates the cultural page of the newspaper and also contributes, by the way, to the sports desk at weekends.<\/em><\/li><li>Il convegno di Trento ha riunito storici, filologi, archeologi, (viceversa, peraltro, nonch\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(nonch\u00e9, nonche')<\/span><\/span> alcuni rappresentanti delle istituzioni locali.<br><br><em>The Trento conference brought together historians, philologists, archaeologists, as well as some representatives of local institutions.<\/em><\/li><li>I soci di minoranza possono partecipare alle assemblee dei soci di maggioranza, e (nonch\u00e9, viceversa, peraltro) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(viceversa)<\/span><\/span>.<br><br><em>Minority shareholders may attend the assemblies of majority shareholders, and vice versa.<\/em><\/li><li>Le iscrizioni ordinarie chiudono il 30 settembre; (viceversa, peraltro, nonch\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(viceversa)<\/span><\/span>, per gli studenti stranieri la scadenza \u00e8 prorogata al 31 ottobre.<br><br><em>Standard enrolment closes on 30 September; conversely, for international students the deadline is extended to 31 October.<\/em><\/li><li>Il manuale tratta diritto costituzionale, diritto amministrativo, (peraltro, nonch\u00e9, viceversa) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(nonch\u00e9, nonche')<\/span><\/span> alcuni temi di diritto comparato.<br><br><em>The handbook covers constitutional law, administrative law, as well as some topics in comparative law.<\/em><\/li><li>La candidata vanta esperienza accademica internazionale, (viceversa, nonch\u00e9, peraltro) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(peraltro)<\/span><\/span> documentata da numerose pubblicazioni.<br><br><em>The candidate has international academic experience, which is also documented by numerous publications.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 su 12. La tua sensibilit\u00e0 per il registro formale italiano \u00e8 impeccabile.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>Ripasso veloce dei tre connettivi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px;padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>nonch\u00e9<\/strong>: chiude un elenco con enfasi, sempre preceduto da virgola, secondo lo schema <em>X, Y, nonch\u00e9 Z<\/em>. Registro formale di contratti, giornalismo, prosa accademica.<\/li>\n<li><strong>peraltro<\/strong>: pu\u00f2 significare &#8220;tuttavia&#8221; (a inizio frase, con virgola), oppure &#8220;del resto \/ in aggiunta&#8221; (in posizione intermedia, fra virgole), oppure &#8220;a proposito&#8221; come incidentale. Univerbazione obbligatoria, mai <em>per altro<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>viceversa<\/strong>: uso reciproco a fine frase con virgola, nello schema <em>&#8230; e viceversa<\/em>. Uso avversativo a inizio frase, nello schema <em>; viceversa, &#8230;<\/em>, e richiede sempre un antecedente da capovolgere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Glossario lessicale.<\/strong> <em>bando<\/em> = funding call \u00b7 <em>terza missione<\/em> = third-mission (university outreach) \u00b7 <em>esercizio<\/em> = financial year \u00b7 <em>sentenza<\/em> = court verdict \u00b7 <em>rubrica<\/em> = newspaper column.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Quick decision tree.<\/strong> Lista che si chiude con virgola? \u2192 <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em>. Frase che aggiunge &#8220;tuttavia \/ inoltre \/ a proposito&#8221;? \u2192 <em>peraltro<\/em>. Capovolgimento (&#8220;e viceversa&#8221; finale o &#8220;; viceversa,&#8221; iniziale)? \u2192 <em>viceversa<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the formally correct sentence<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Each group has three versions. Select the ONE that respects spelling, punctuation and register conventions of formal written Italian. Watch the univerbazione (one word vs two), the acute accent on nonch\u00e9, and the placement of commas.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6967\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Il rapporto include statistiche, grafici, nonch\u00e8 una sintesi narrativa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Il rapporto include statistiche, grafici, non ch\u00e9 una sintesi narrativa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Il rapporto include statistiche, grafici, nonch\u00e9 una sintesi narrativa.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> La proposta, peraltro, \u00e8 gi\u00e0 stata discussa in commissione.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> La proposta, per altro, \u00e8 gi\u00e0 stata discussa in commissione.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> La proposta peraltro \u00e8 gi\u00e0 stata discussa in commissione.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Viceversa, l'esercizio si \u00e8 chiuso in perdita.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Si prevedeva una crescita del fatturato; viceversa, l'esercizio si \u00e8 chiuso in perdita.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Si prevedeva una crescita del fatturato, e viceversa l'esercizio si \u00e8 chiuso in perdita.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> L'autore cita Manzoni, Verga, nonch\u00e9 Pirandello tra i suoi modelli.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> L'autore cita Manzoni, nonch\u00e9 Verga, nonch\u00e9 Pirandello tra i suoi modelli.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> L'autore cita nonch\u00e9 Manzoni, Verga, Pirandello tra i suoi modelli.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Il peraltro bilancio presenta voci che meritano un chiarimento.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Il bilancio peraltro presenta voci, peraltro, che meritano un chiarimento peraltro.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Peraltro, il bilancio presenta voci che meritano un chiarimento.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Le filiali del nord possono accedere ai dati delle filiali del sud viceversa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Le filiali del nord possono accedere ai dati delle filiali del sud, e viceversa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_51_6967\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Le filiali del nord possono accedere ai dati delle filiali del sud, viceversa lui.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 su 6. Riconosci il registro formale italiano con sicurezza da redattore.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p><strong>Gli errori pi\u00f9 ricorrenti<\/strong> con questi tre connettivi nel registro formale italiano.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px;padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>nonch\u00e9<\/strong> si scrive in una sola parola e con accento acuto sulla \u00e9 finale, come <em>perch\u00e9<\/em> e <em>n\u00e9<\/em>. Mai <em>nonch\u00e8<\/em>, mai <em>non ch\u00e9<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>peraltro<\/strong> univerbato \u00e8 il connettivo (= tuttavia, inoltre); <em>per altro<\/em> in due parole significa &#8220;per qualcos&#8217;altro&#8221; ed \u00e8 raro. La virgola che lo accompagna non \u00e8 opzionale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>viceversa avversativo<\/strong> richiede sempre un antecedente da capovolgere: senza la frase precedente che esprime un&#8217;aspettativa, l&#8217;avverbio non funziona.<\/li>\n<li><strong>nonch\u00e9<\/strong> chiude un elenco una sola volta; non si impila su pi\u00f9 elementi, e non apre mai una lista.<\/li>\n<li>La posizione di <strong>peraltro<\/strong> definisce il significato (iniziale = &#8220;tuttavia&#8221;, mediana = &#8220;inoltre&#8221;); ripeterlo pi\u00f9 volte nella stessa frase \u00e8 goffo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>viceversa reciproco<\/strong> si lega all&#8217;enunciato precedente con <em>e<\/em> e una virgola: <em>&#8230; e viceversa<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Tre verifiche rapide.<\/strong> (a) <em>nonch\u00e9<\/em> = una parola sola, accento acuto, una sola volta nella lista. (b) <em>peraltro<\/em> = una parola sola, sempre con virgola che ne segnala la funzione incidentale. (c) <em>viceversa<\/em> = ha bisogno di un&#8217;aspettativa che capovolge (uso avversativo) o di una situazione speculare (uso reciproco).<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_51',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 51,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"419\":12,\"98\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6966\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6966,\"catId\":419,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"nonch\\u00e9\",\"nonche'\"],[\"viceversa\"],[\"nonch\\u00e9\",\"nonche'\"],[\"peraltro\"],[\"viceversa\"],[\"peraltro\"],[\"peraltro\"],[\"nonch\\u00e9\",\"nonche'\"],[\"viceversa\"],[\"viceversa\"],[\"nonch\\u00e9\",\"nonche'\"],[\"peraltro\"]]},\"6967\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6967,\"catId\":98,\"points\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0],\"correct\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These questions about italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa come from real C1 learners working through formal Italian texts. For the dictionary view, the Treccani entries on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/nonche\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nonch\u00e9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/peraltro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peraltro<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/vocabolario\/viceversa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viceversa<\/a> give the full picture in standard Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-nv-q1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What&#8217;s the difference between nonch\u00e9 and e?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both connect items in a list, but nonch\u00e9 is formal and signals that the last item is being added with emphasis. E is the everyday &#8216;and&#8217;. A contract will use &#8216;X, Y, nonch\u00e9 Z&#8217;; a friend talking will say &#8216;X, Y e Z&#8217;. Both are grammatically correct; the choice is register. Use nonch\u00e9 in writing, contracts, journalism; use e in conversation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-nv-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can peraltro mean both &#8216;however&#8217; and &#8216;moreover&#8217;?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. The exact meaning depends on position and context. At the start of a clause, peraltro tends to mean &#8216;however&#8217; (mild contrast). In the middle of a clause, it tends to mean &#8216;moreover&#8217; or &#8216;by the way&#8217; (adding information). The English match shifts with the position. Italian writers exploit this flexibility to soften contrasts or add qualifying remarks without changing word.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-nv-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is viceversa always &#8216;vice versa&#8217; (reciprocal)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Viceversa has two senses. The reciprocal sense matches English &#8216;vice versa&#8217; and usually closes a clause: &#8216;i libri vanno restituiti nelle altre sedi, e viceversa&#8217;. The adversative sense matches English &#8216;on the contrary&#8217; or &#8216;conversely&#8217; and usually opens a clause: &#8216;pensavamo di rinviare, viceversa c&#8217;\u00e8 urgenza&#8217;. The two senses can shade into each other, and Italian writers sometimes exploit the ambiguity.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-nv-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">In what register do these connectives appear?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Formal and written. You&#8217;ll find italian nonch\u00e9 peraltro viceversa in contracts, legal documents, academic prose, journalism editorials, bureaucratic communications, and careful spoken Italian (such as a board meeting, or a formal interview). They are rare in casual conversation, where Italians prefer e anche, per\u00f2, invece, tra l&#8217;altro.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-nv-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I use these in conversation?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You can, but you&#8217;ll sound bookish or self-conscious. Italians don&#8217;t reach for nonch\u00e9 when ordering a coffee or chatting with a friend; the simpler e anche or pi\u00f9 covers the same job. For C1 learners the strategy is to recognise these connectives confidently in written texts and to use them selectively when the register really calls for them, such as in a formal email or a written report.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-nv-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Where in the sentence does peraltro go?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Peraltro is flexible. It can open a clause (Peraltro, la proposta \u00e8 interessante), sit between subject and verb (la proposta, peraltro, \u00e8 interessante), or follow the verb (\u00e8 interessante, peraltro). The position fine-tunes the meaning: initial position leans toward &#8216;however&#8217;, mid-clause leans toward &#8216;moreover&#8217; or &#8216;by the way&#8217;. Italian writers also use comma-flanked peraltro for stronger emphasis on the qualifying remark.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-nv-q7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does Italian punctuate these connectives?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Nonch\u00e9 takes a comma before it: X, Y, nonch\u00e9 Z. Peraltro takes a comma after it when initial (Peraltro, \u2026), and commas on both sides when mid-clause (\u2026, peraltro, \u2026). Viceversa in reciprocal use takes a comma before it at the end of a clause (\u2026 e viceversa). In adversative use, viceversa often follows a comma or semicolon at the start of a new clause. Italian formal writing tends to be generous with commas around these connectives.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-ma-pero-eppure\/\">Italian Ma, Per\u00f2, Eppure: Adversative Conjunctions (A2)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-must-should-ought-to\/\">Italian Must, Should, Ought To: Dovere Across Tenses (B1)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-costui-colui-coloro\/\">Italian Costui, Colui, Coloro: Literary Demonstratives (C1)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-modal-verbs\/\">Italian Modal Verbs: 4 Essential Rules for Fluent Speaking<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Three formal Italian connectives that live in contracts, journalism, academic prose. Nonch\u00e9 closes a list with emphasis. Peraltro adds &#8216;however&#8217; or &#8216;moreover&#8217;. Viceversa marks reciprocity or contrast. This C1 guide untangles each with position, punctuation, and register notes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1867],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c1","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59787"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61211,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59787\/revisions\/61211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}