{"id":510,"date":"2013-05-15T23:49:00","date_gmt":"2013-05-15T21:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=510"},"modified":"2026-05-27T00:47:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T15:47:23","slug":"italian-articles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-articles\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Articles: Il, Lo, La, Un + Preposizioni (A1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <strong>Italian articles<\/strong> agree with the noun in gender and number, and the exact form depends on the sound that follows: <em>il libro<\/em>, <em>lo studente<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amico<\/em>, <em>gli zaini<\/em>. Italian also uses articles where English does not: with body parts, countries, languages, abstract nouns, and most family relations with modifiers. Master the sound-triggered forms first and the rest falls into place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you have ever wondered why Italians say <em>lo studente<\/em> but <em>il libro<\/em>, or <em>l&#8217;amico<\/em> but <em>la casa<\/em>, the answer lies in the sound of the word that follows, not in the meaning. The seven <strong>italian articles<\/strong> in the definite set (<em>il, lo, l&#8217;, i, gli, la, le<\/em>) and the four indefinite ones (<em>un, uno, una, un&#8217;<\/em>) are organised by phonetics: gender, number, and the first sound of the noun. This guide walks through every form, the contractions with prepositions, and the everyday choices that catch English speakers off guard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The other half of the topic is when to use a <strong>italian articles<\/strong> at all. English drops articles in front of body parts, languages, abstract nouns, and habitual days of the week. Italian keeps them. By the end of this page you will know exactly when to insert one, when to skip it, and why <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em> and <em>vado a scuola<\/em> sit in the same language without contradiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-title-art gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#why\">Why italian articles feel harder than they look<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#definite\">Definite articles: the full map<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lo-gli\">When to use lo and gli<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#indefinite\">Indefinite articles: un, uno, una, un&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#prepositions\">Preposizioni articolate: a, da, di, in, su<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#keep\">When italian articles stay and English drops them<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#skip\">When italian articles disappear<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tricky\">Tricky cases: surnames, dates, famous names<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue in a Milan bookshop<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#challenge\">\ud83c\udfaf Mini-challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions on italian articles<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why\">Why italian articles feel harder than they look<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English gives you two choices: <em>the<\/em> or <em>a<\/em>. Italian asks three questions before it hands you one: is the noun masculine or feminine, singular or plural, and what sound does it start with? Answer those and the form is automatic. The stumbling block for English speakers is not the rule itself but the fact that Italian insists on an article in places English happily drops it: <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em>, <em>parlo l&#8217;italiano<\/em>, <em>vado in Italia ma torno dagli Stati Uniti<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide walks through every definite and indefinite form, the contractions with prepositions, and the real-life choices you need to make at A1 and A2. Keep the sound-rules in mind: they decide almost everything about the <strong>italian articles<\/strong> system.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-obs-art1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The sound, not the letter.<\/strong> <em>Lo studente<\/em> is not chosen because the word starts with <em>s<\/em>: it is chosen because the word starts with a consonant cluster that <em>s<\/em> begins. Swap the word and the article moves with the sound, not the spelling.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"definite\">Definite articles: the full map<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian has seven definite <strong>italian articles<\/strong>. They all translate as <em>the<\/em> in English, but they split across gender, number, and the first sound of the next word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Used with<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>il<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine singular, before a regular consonant<\/td><td><em>il libro<\/em>, <em>il cane<\/em>, <em>il treno<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>lo<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine singular, before s+consonant, z, ps, pn, gn, x, y, i+vowel<\/td><td><em>lo studente<\/em>, <em>lo zaino<\/em>, <em>lo psicologo<\/em>, <em>lo yogurt<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>l&#8217;<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine or feminine singular, before a vowel<\/td><td><em>l&#8217;amico<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amica<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;isola<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>i<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine plural, plural of <em>il<\/em><\/td><td><em>i libri<\/em>, <em>i cani<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>gli<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine plural, plural of <em>lo<\/em> and <em>l&#8217;<\/em><\/td><td><em>gli studenti<\/em>, <em>gli zaini<\/em>, <em>gli amici<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>la<\/strong><\/td><td>feminine singular, before a consonant<\/td><td><em>la casa<\/em>, <em>la ragazza<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>le<\/strong><\/td><td>feminine plural (always, even before vowels)<\/td><td><em>le case<\/em>, <em>le amiche<\/em>, <em>le isole<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A few observations worth internalising. <em>L&#8217;<\/em> is unisex in the singular but splits back apart in the plural (<em>gli<\/em> for masculine, <em>le<\/em> for feminine). <em>Le<\/em> never elides, so <em>le amiche<\/em> keeps the full form. And <em>gli<\/em> covers two masculine plural roles: the plural of <em>lo<\/em> and the plural of <em>l&#8217;<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lo-gli\">When to use lo and gli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The long-form masculine article <em>lo<\/em> (and its plural <em>gli<\/em>) appears whenever the following word begins with a sound that would be awkward after <em>il<\/em>. The list is short and worth memorising:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>s + consonant<\/strong>: <em>lo studente<\/em>, <em>lo spagnolo<\/em>, <em>gli stivali<\/em>, <em>gli sport<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>z<\/strong>: <em>lo zaino<\/em>, <em>lo zucchero<\/em>, <em>gli zii<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>ps, pn, gn<\/strong>: <em>lo psicologo<\/em>, <em>lo pneumatico<\/em>, <em>lo gnocco<\/em>, <em>gli gnocchi<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>x, y<\/strong>: <em>lo xilofono<\/em>, <em>lo yogurt<\/em>, <em>gli yeti<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>i + vowel<\/strong>: <em>lo iato<\/em>, <em>gli iugoslavi<\/em> (rare, mostly older texts)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everything else masculine takes <em>il<\/em> in the singular and <em>i<\/em> in the plural. A reliable test: if the noun starts with a normal single consonant (<em>c<\/em>, <em>d<\/em>, <em>f<\/em>, <em>g<\/em> before hard vowels, <em>l<\/em>, <em>m<\/em>, <em>n<\/em>, <em>p<\/em>, <em>r<\/em>, <em>t<\/em>, <em>v<\/em>), use <em>il<\/em>. If it stacks consonants or starts with one of the special sounds, use <em>lo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-obs-art2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Frozen expressions keep older forms.<\/strong> A few set phrases hold on to archaic uses: <em>per lo pi\u00f9<\/em> (mostly), <em>gli dei<\/em> (the gods). Do not try to regularise them.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"indefinite\">Indefinite articles: un, uno, una, un&#8217;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The indefinite article is the Italian equivalent of <em>a<\/em> or <em>an<\/em>. It exists only in the singular. The four forms follow the same sound logic as the definite <strong>italian articles<\/strong>, just without the plural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Used with<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>un<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine, before regular consonant or vowel<\/td><td><em>un libro<\/em>, <em>un amico<\/em>, <em>un treno<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>uno<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine, before s+cons, z, ps, pn, gn, x, y, i+vowel<\/td><td><em>uno studente<\/em>, <em>uno zaino<\/em>, <em>uno psicologo<\/em>, <em>uno yogurt<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>una<\/strong><\/td><td>feminine, before a consonant<\/td><td><em>una casa<\/em>, <em>una studentessa<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>un&#8217;<\/strong><\/td><td>feminine, before a vowel (apostrophe mandatory)<\/td><td><em>un&#8217;amica<\/em>, <em>un&#8217;idea<\/em>, <em>un&#8217;ora<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two easy traps. <em>Un amico<\/em> takes no apostrophe because it is masculine, but <em>un&#8217;amica<\/em> does because it is feminine. And <em>uno<\/em> is never followed by an apostrophe: it is already long enough to stand on its own.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task1-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task.<\/strong> Choose the right article:<\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>___ studente (definite, masculine singular)<\/li>\n<li>___ amica (indefinite, feminine singular)<\/li>\n<li>___ stivali (definite, masculine plural)<\/li>\n<li>___ zaino (indefinite, masculine singular)<\/li>\n<li>___ isole (definite, feminine plural)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/summary>\n<p>1. lo (s+cons) \u00b7 2. un&#8217; (vowel, feminine) \u00b7 3. gli (plural of lo) \u00b7 4. uno (z trigger) \u00b7 5. le (feminine plural, never elides)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"prepositions\">Preposizioni articolate: a, da, di, in, su<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Five prepositions fuse with the definite <strong>italian articles<\/strong> into a single word: <strong>a<\/strong>, <strong>da<\/strong>, <strong>di<\/strong>, <strong>in<\/strong>, <strong>su<\/strong>. The prepositions <em>per<\/em>, <em>tra<\/em>, <em>fra<\/em>, <em>con<\/em> do not fuse: you write them separately (<em>per il bambino<\/em>, <em>con la mamma<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>il<\/th><th>lo<\/th><th>l&#8217;<\/th><th>i<\/th><th>gli<\/th><th>la<\/th><th>le<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>a<\/strong><\/td><td>al<\/td><td>allo<\/td><td>all&#8217;<\/td><td>ai<\/td><td>agli<\/td><td>alla<\/td><td>alle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>da<\/strong><\/td><td>dal<\/td><td>dallo<\/td><td>dall&#8217;<\/td><td>dai<\/td><td>dagli<\/td><td>dalla<\/td><td>dalle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>di<\/strong><\/td><td>del<\/td><td>dello<\/td><td>dell&#8217;<\/td><td>dei<\/td><td>degli<\/td><td>della<\/td><td>delle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>in<\/strong><\/td><td>nel<\/td><td>nello<\/td><td>nell&#8217;<\/td><td>nei<\/td><td>negli<\/td><td>nella<\/td><td>nelle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>su<\/strong><\/td><td>sul<\/td><td>sullo<\/td><td>sull&#8217;<\/td><td>sui<\/td><td>sugli<\/td><td>sulla<\/td><td>sulle<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You will hear these everywhere: <em>vado al cinema<\/em>, <em>torno dallo stadio<\/em>, <em>il libro \u00e8 sulla sedia<\/em>, <em>abito nell&#8217;appartamento di sopra<\/em>, <em>la copertina della rivista<\/em>. They are not optional in modern Italian: the separated form (<em>a il<\/em>, <em>in il<\/em>) does not exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keep\">When italian articles stay and English drops them<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where English speakers leak <strong>italian articles<\/strong>. Italian puts one in front of several categories that English happily treats as bare nouns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Body parts and personal items<\/strong>, instead of the possessive: <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em> (I wash my hands), <em>si \u00e8 tolto le scarpe<\/em> (he took his shoes off), <em>ha gli occhi azzurri<\/em> (she has blue eyes).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Countries, regions, continents, large islands<\/strong>: <em>l&#8217;Italia \u00e8 bella<\/em>, <em>la Francia confina con la Spagna<\/em>, <em>la Sicilia \u00e8 calda d&#8217;estate<\/em>. The article disappears after <em>in<\/em> for unmodified country names in the singular feminine: <em>vivo in Italia<\/em>, but <em>vivo negli Stati Uniti<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Languages<\/strong>, when treated as a subject or object: <em>studio l&#8217;italiano<\/em>, <em>il tedesco \u00e8 difficile<\/em>. Dropped after <em>parlare<\/em> in neutral register: <em>parlo italiano<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abstract nouns and generic categories<\/strong>: <em>la pazienza \u00e8 una virt\u00f9<\/em>, <em>il tempo vola<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amore vince sempre<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Days of the week in habitual sense<\/strong>: <em>il luned\u00ec vado in piscina<\/em> (every Monday I go to the pool), versus <em>luned\u00ec vado in piscina<\/em> (this coming Monday).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titles and professions with surname<\/strong>: <em>il signor Rossi<\/em>, <em>la dottoressa Bianchi<\/em>. Drop the article when you address the person directly: <em>buongiorno, signor Rossi<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Percentages and fractions<\/strong>: <em>il 20 percento degli italiani<\/em>, <em>i due terzi della classe<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"skip\">When italian articles disappear<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian drops the article in several predictable slots:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Singular family members with a possessive adjective<\/strong>: <em>mia madre<\/em>, <em>tuo padre<\/em>, <em>suo fratello<\/em>. Plural family brings the article back: <em>i miei fratelli<\/em>, <em>le tue sorelle<\/em>. Diminutives or qualifiers also bring it back: <em>il mio fratellino<\/em>, <em>la tua zia preferita<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Professions after <em>essere<\/em><\/strong>: <em>sono insegnante<\/em>, <em>mio padre \u00e8 medico<\/em>. An article returns when you specify: <em>sono un insegnante di italiano<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zero-article set phrases with places<\/strong>: <em>a casa<\/em>, <em>a letto<\/em>, <em>a scuola<\/em>, <em>in chiesa<\/em>, <em>in ufficio<\/em>, <em>in biblioteca<\/em>, <em>in citt\u00e0<\/em>, <em>in campagna<\/em>, <em>in montagna<\/em>. Add specificity and the article returns: <em>alla casa dei miei nonni<\/em>, <em>nell&#8217;ufficio del direttore<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>After <em>di<\/em> in most quantity and material uses<\/strong>: <em>una tazza di caff\u00e8<\/em>, <em>un bicchiere di vino<\/em>, <em>un anello d&#8217;oro<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vocatives and direct address<\/strong>: <em>scusi, signora, mi pu\u00f2 dire l&#8217;ora?<\/em> (no <em>la<\/em> before <em>signora<\/em> because you are speaking to her).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tricky\">Tricky cases: surnames, dates, famous names<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A handful of situations sit in the grey zone between rule and style, and they are the ones that reveal who learned Italian in a classroom and who absorbed it by living with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Feminine surnames<\/strong> standing alone take an article in literary or formal register: <em>la Deledda<\/em>, <em>la Merini<\/em>. Male surnames alone usually do not: <em>Moravia scrisse&#8230;<\/em>, not <em>il Moravia scrisse&#8230;<\/em>, unless you speak of historical figures (<em>il Manzoni<\/em>, <em>il Petrarca<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Full names<\/strong> take no article in neutral prose: <em>Giuseppe Verdi \u00e8 nato nel 1813<\/em>. With a qualifier, the article returns: <em>il celebre Giuseppe Verdi<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dates<\/strong> use the definite article before the day: <em>il 25 aprile<\/em>, <em>il primo gennaio<\/em>. Years alone keep the article too: <em>nel 1492<\/em>, <em>il 2026<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nicknames<\/strong> sometimes glue an article for colour: <em>il Cavaliere<\/em>, <em>la Divina<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Illnesses<\/strong>: Italian adds the article where English drops it: <em>ho la febbre<\/em>, <em>ha preso il raffreddore<\/em>, <em>soffre di emicrania<\/em> (note: after <em>di<\/em>, the article disappears again).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three patterns trip up English speakers learning <strong>italian articles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Choosing the article by letter, not by sound.<\/strong> <em>Il studente<\/em> looks fine on paper but breaks the cluster rule. The correct form is <em>lo studente<\/em>. Train yourself to listen to the first sound, not stare at the spelling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Dropping the article with body parts.<\/strong> Saying <em>*Lavo mie mani<\/em> instead of <em>Mi lavo le mani<\/em> is a tell-tale English calque. Italian uses the definite article plus a reflexive pronoun for body parts and clothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Inserting the article before singular family members.<\/strong> <em>*Il mio padre<\/em> sounds wrong. Italian drops the article in front of singular family with a possessive: <em>mio padre<\/em>, <em>tua madre<\/em>, <em>suo fratello<\/em>. The plural brings it back: <em>i miei fratelli<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task2-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task 2.<\/strong> Fill the blank with the correct article (definite, indefinite, preposizione articolata, or nothing):<\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mi fa male ___ testa.<\/li>\n<li>___ signora Bianchi \u00e8 ___ insegnante molto brava.<\/li>\n<li>Vado ___ scuola ogni mattina in bicicletta.<\/li>\n<li>Mio fratello vive ___ Stati Uniti da dieci anni.<\/li>\n<li>Ho comprato ___ zaino nuovo per ___ viaggio.<\/li>\n<li>___ luned\u00ec faccio sempre yoga, ma luned\u00ec prossimo non posso.<\/li>\n<li>___ pazienza \u00e8 la pi\u00f9 difficile delle virt\u00f9.<\/li>\n<li>Il libro \u00e8 ___ scaffale, accanto ___ dizionario.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><em>la<\/em> testa (body part, article replaces possessive)<\/li>\n<li><em>La<\/em> signora Bianchi \u00e8 <em>un&#8217;<\/em> insegnante molto brava (title + indefinite feminine before vowel)<\/li>\n<li>Vado <em>a<\/em> scuola (zero-article set phrase)<\/li>\n<li>Vive <em>negli<\/em> Stati Uniti (plural country, in + gli)<\/li>\n<li>Ho comprato <em>uno<\/em> zaino nuovo per <em>il<\/em> viaggio<\/li>\n<li><em>Il<\/em> luned\u00ec (habitual) vs <em>luned\u00ec<\/em> prossimo (specific)<\/li>\n<li><em>La<\/em> pazienza (abstract noun)<\/li>\n<li>Il libro \u00e8 <em>sullo<\/em> scaffale, accanto <em>al<\/em> dizionario<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>il \/ lo \/ l&#8217;<\/strong> = masculine singular, chosen by the sound that follows<\/li>\n<li><strong>i \/ gli<\/strong> = masculine plural; <em>gli<\/em> covers the plurals of both <em>lo<\/em> and <em>l&#8217;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>la \/ l&#8217; \/ le<\/strong> = feminine; <em>le<\/em> never elides<\/li>\n<li><strong>un \/ uno \/ una \/ un&#8217;<\/strong> = indefinite, same sound logic, no plural<\/li>\n<li><strong>a \/ da \/ di \/ in \/ su<\/strong> + article = <em>preposizione articolata<\/em> (single word). <em>per \/ tra \/ fra \/ con<\/em> stay separate.<\/li>\n<li>Body parts, languages, countries, abstract nouns, habitual days, percentages: <strong>keep<\/strong> the article.<\/li>\n<li>Singular family + possessive, professions after <em>essere<\/em>, zero-article places (<em>a casa<\/em>, <em>a letto<\/em>, <em>a scuola<\/em>): <strong>drop<\/strong> the article.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue in a Milan bookshop<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caterina walks into a small bookshop in central Milan looking for a birthday present for her mother. The owner Pietro knows his historical novels. Watch how often the <strong>italian articles<\/strong> show up.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\uddb3 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Buongiorno, cerco un regalo per mia madre.<br><em>Good morning, I&#8217;m looking for a present for my mother.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Certo. Che tipo di libro le piace? La narrativa? La poesia?<br><em>Of course. What kind of book does she like? Fiction? Poetry?<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\uddb3 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Legge molto i romanzi storici. L&#8217;anno scorso le ho regalato un libro sulla Roma antica e le \u00e8 piaciuto molto.<br><em>She reads a lot of historical novels. Last year I gave her a book about ancient Rome and she loved it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Allora le consiglio lo scrittore Valerio Massimo Manfredi. Ha appena pubblicato un nuovo romanzo sugli etruschi.<br><em>Then I&#8217;d recommend the writer Valerio Massimo Manfredi. He has just published a new novel about the Etruscans.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\uddb3 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Perfetto. Lo prendo. Mi fa un pacchetto regalo?<br><em>Perfect. I&#8217;ll take it. Can you wrap it for me?<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Volentieri. Sono venti euro, con il pacchetto compreso.<br><em>Gladly. That&#8217;s twenty euros, wrapping included.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\uddb3 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Posso pagare con la carta?<br><em>Can I pay by card?<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Certo. Il POS \u00e8 qui sul bancone. Grazie e buona giornata.<br><em>Of course. The card reader is here on the counter. Thanks and have a nice day.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count them: <em>la narrativa<\/em>, <em>la poesia<\/em>, <em>i romanzi<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;anno<\/em>, <em>un libro<\/em>, <em>la Roma antica<\/em>, <em>lo scrittore<\/em>, <em>un nuovo romanzo<\/em>, <em>sugli etruschi<\/em>, <em>il pacchetto<\/em>, <em>la carta<\/em>, <em>il POS<\/em>, <em>sul bancone<\/em>. Thirteen <strong>italian articles<\/strong> in eight short exchanges. That density is normal for any retail conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you transcribe a real conversation in a Padova caff\u00e8, a Lucca bakery, or a Catania edicola, you will find the same pattern. The <strong>italian articles<\/strong> are the connective tissue of every sentence about objects, places, and people. Train your ear by listening for them once a paragraph while watching an Italian show, and within a week you will start producing the right form automatically. Beginners often think the difficulty is the long list of forms: in practice, three or four forms account for roughly 90% of daily usage, and the rest fall in via patient and steady repetition over a few weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-challenge-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenge\">\ud83c\udfaf Mini-challenge<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Describe your morning routine in five short Italian sentences. Use at least one definite article, one indefinite, one preposizione articolata, and one zero-article set phrase.<\/p>\n\n<details><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Sample answer<\/summary>\n<p>La mattina mi alzo presto. Faccio colazione con un caff\u00e8 e una fetta di torta. Esco di casa alle otto e vado a lavoro in bicicletta. Nell&#8217;ufficio ci sono gi\u00e0 i colleghi. Ho la giornata piena di riunioni.<\/p>\n<p><em>In the morning I get up early. I have breakfast with a coffee and a slice of cake. I leave home at eight and go to work by bike. In the office my colleagues are already there. My day is full of meetings.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Practise the <strong>italian articles<\/strong> rules with the quiz below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_202\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Articles: Il, Lo, La, Un + Preposizioni (A1)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F510\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F510\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"bad9b87efd\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/510\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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             <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"155\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Articles and preposizioni<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"98\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Spot the correct sentence<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Let&#8217;s strengthen the foundations on this topic.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>10-Lesson Package<\/strong> gives you ten focused 55-minute sessions with a native teacher, at your own pace.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">10-Lesson Package<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"10-Lesson Package\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Get the 10-Lesson Package &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Solid base. Let&#8217;s build on it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>weekly 1:1 lesson<\/strong> gives you the rhythm and the personalised feedback to turn what you know into what you say automatically.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Weekly 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Weekly 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Book a Weekly 1:1 lesson &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Great work. You&#8217;re ready for the group.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> In the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> you&#8217;ll move from solid grammar to live conversation.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! You nailed it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> Step into the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> to turn accurate Italian into fluent Italian.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choose the right article or preposizione articolata<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> Sofia studia all&#8217;universit\u00e0 di Vicenza e vive con il fratello Tommaso in un appartamento vicino al centro. Le scene sono di vita quotidiana: la biblioteca, la farmacia, lo stadio, la camera di Sofia.<\/p>\n<p><em>Setting (EN). Sofia studies at the University of Vicenza and lives with her brother Tommaso in a flat near the city centre. The scenes are everyday ones: the library, the pharmacy, the stadium, Sofia&#8217;s bedroom.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Choose the right form of the article or <em>preposizione articolata<\/em> for each sentence. Watch the sound that follows: <em>il \/ lo \/ l&#8217;<\/em> for masculine singular, <em>i \/ gli<\/em> for masculine plural, <em>la \/ l&#8217; \/ le<\/em> for feminine; <em>un \/ uno \/ una \/ un&#8217;<\/em> for indefinite; and the fused forms <em>al, dello, nella, sulla, dagli&#8230;<\/em> for preposition + article.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6691\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Sofia legge (l', il, lo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> libro di storia in biblioteca.<br><br><em>Sofia reads the history book in the library.<\/em><\/li><li>Tommaso prende (uno, una, un) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uno)<\/span><\/span> sciroppo per la tosse.<br><br><em>Tommaso takes a syrup for his cough.<\/em><\/li><li>Sofia studia (lo, il, l') <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> italiano e anche lo spagnolo.<br><br><em>Sofia studies Italian and also Spanish.<\/em><\/li><li>(Le, Gli, I) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Gli)<\/span><\/span> zaini dei bambini sono pesanti.<br><br><em>The kids' backpacks are heavy.<\/em><\/li><li>Tommaso compra (un', una, un) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> aspirina in farmacia.<br><br><em>Tommaso buys an aspirin at the pharmacy.<\/em><\/li><li>Sofia mette i libri (sullo, sulla, sul) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sullo)<\/span><\/span> scaffale della camera.<br><br><em>Sofia puts the books on the shelf in her bedroom.<\/em><\/li><li>Il cugino di Tommaso torna (da, dagli, dalle) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dagli)<\/span><\/span> Stati Uniti il mese prossimo.<br><br><em>Tommaso's cousin is coming back from the United States next month.<\/em><\/li><li>(Il, Lo, La) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(La)<\/span><\/span> signora Bianchi insegna italiano a Vicenza.<br><br><em>Ms. Bianchi teaches Italian in Vicenza.<\/em><\/li><li>Sofia mangia (il, la, le) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(le)<\/span><\/span> mele a colazione ogni mattina.<br><br><em>Sofia eats apples for breakfast every morning.<\/em><\/li><li>Tommaso va (allo, a, al) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(allo)<\/span><\/span> stadio ogni domenica con gli amici.<br><br><em>Tommaso goes to the stadium every Sunday with his friends.<\/em><\/li><li>Sofia ha mal (del, di, della) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di)<\/span><\/span> testa stamattina e prende un'aspirina.<br><br><em>Sofia has a headache this morning and takes an aspirin.<\/em><\/li><li>La copertina (di, delle, della) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(della)<\/span><\/span> rivista \u00e8 blu e gialla.<br><br><em>The cover of the magazine is blue and yellow.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 of 12. The sound-rule for italian articles is in place.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Quick recap of the rules tested:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>il<\/em> + regular consonant (<em>il libro<\/em>), <em>lo<\/em> + s+cons, z, ps, pn, gn, x, y (<em>lo studente, lo zaino, lo sciroppo<\/em>), <em>l&#8217;<\/em> + vowel (<em>l&#8217;italiano, l&#8217;amico<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>i<\/em> = plural of <em>il<\/em>; <em>gli<\/em> = plural of <em>lo<\/em> and <em>l&#8217;<\/em> (<em>gli zaini, gli amici<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>la<\/em> + consonant (<em>la signora<\/em>), <em>le<\/em> = feminine plural, never elides (<em>le mele, le amiche<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>un&#8217;<\/em> only for feminine + vowel (<em>un&#8217;aspirina, un&#8217;idea<\/em>); <em>uno<\/em> is never apostrophed.<\/li>\n<li>Prepositions <em>a, da, di, in, su<\/em> + article fuse: <em>allo stadio, sullo scaffale, dagli Stati Uniti, della rivista<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>The set phrase <em>mal di testa<\/em> takes no article after <em>di<\/em>; similarly <em>una tazza di caff\u00e8<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Listen to the sound, not the letter.<\/strong> Words starting with s+consonant (<em>sciroppo, studente, stadio, scaffale<\/em>) and z (<em>zaino<\/em>) take <em>lo \/ uno<\/em> in the singular and <em>gli<\/em> in the plural. Country names in the plural keep the article: <em>vivo negli Stati Uniti, torno dagli Stati Uniti<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence<\/h3>\n<p><em>In each set, only one sentence uses the article (or <\/em><em>preposizione articolata<\/em>) correctly. The other two break the sound-rule. Pick the right one for each set.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6692\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Tommaso compra lo sciroppo in farmacia perch\u00e9 ha la tosse.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Tommaso compra il sciroppo in farmacia perch\u00e9 ha la tosse.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Tommaso compra un sciroppo in farmacia perch\u00e9 ha la tosse.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Sofia mette un zaino nuovo sul letto della camera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Sofia mette il zaino nuovo sul letto della camera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Sofia mette uno zaino nuovo sul letto della camera.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> A Vicenza Sofia ha uno amica che studia medicina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> A Vicenza Sofia ha un'amica che studia medicina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> A Vicenza Sofia ha un amica che studia medicina.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> I studenti di Sofia mangiano alla mensa tutti i giorni.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Le studenti di Sofia mangiano alla mensa tutti i giorni.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Gli studenti di Sofia mangiano alla mensa tutti i giorni.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Sofia mette il dizionario sullo scaffale vicino alla finestra.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Sofia mette il dizionario sul scaffale vicino alla finestra.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Sofia mette il dizionario sulla scaffale vicino alla finestra.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> La domenica Tommaso va al stadio con gli amici di universit\u00e0.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> La domenica Tommaso va allo stadio con gli amici di universit\u00e0.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_202_6692\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> La domenica Tommaso va alla stadio con gli amici di universit\u00e0.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 of 6. The sound-rule clicks.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The traps in this set:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S + consonant<\/strong> (<em>sciroppo, studenti, scaffale, stadio<\/em>) and <strong>z<\/strong> (<em>zaino, zio<\/em>) take <em>lo<\/em> \/ <em>uno<\/em> in the singular and <em>gli<\/em> in the plural.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Un<\/strong> never gets an apostrophe before a masculine noun: <em>un amico<\/em>, not <em>un&#8217; amico<\/em>. <strong>Un&#8217;<\/strong> is only for feminine + vowel: <em>un&#8217;amica, un&#8217;aspirina<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uno<\/strong> is never apostrophed and never used before a vowel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gli<\/strong> is the plural of <em>lo<\/em> and <em>l&#8217;<\/em>: <em>lo studente \u2192 gli studenti<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amico \u2192 gli amici<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Preposition + <em>lo<\/em> fuses into <strong>sullo, allo, dello, dallo, nello<\/strong> before s+consonant or z: <em>sullo scaffale, allo stadio<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Test the sound, not the spelling.<\/strong> If the noun starts with <em>s<\/em> + another consonant (<em>sc-, sp-, st-<\/em>) or with <em>z<\/em>, you need <em>lo \/ uno \/ gli<\/em> in the article slot, and the preposition fuses as <em>sullo, allo, dello<\/em>. Plain consonants take <em>il \/ un \/ i<\/em>, and the fused forms are <em>sul, al, del<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_202',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 202,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"155\":12,\"98\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6691\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6691,\"catId\":155,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"il\"],[\"uno\"],[\"l'\"],[\"gli\"],[\"un'\"],[\"sullo\"],[\"dagli\"],[\"la\"],[\"le\"],[\"allo\"],[\"di\"],[\"della\"]]},\"6692\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6692,\"catId\":98,\"points\":[1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0],\"correct\":[1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions on italian articles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common doubts from learners working through the <strong>italian articles<\/strong> system. The answers stick to current standard usage as documented in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/articolo_(La-grammatica-italiana)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani entry on the article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-art-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is it lo studente and not il studente?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because studente starts with s plus another consonant. Italian avoids stacking il with an awkward consonant cluster and uses the longer form lo instead. The same logic applies to z, ps, pn, gn, x, y, and i followed by a vowel.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use l&#8217; instead of il or la?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Before a singular noun starting with a vowel, regardless of gender: l&#8217;amico (masculine), l&#8217;amica (feminine), l&#8217;isola (feminine), l&#8217;uomo (masculine). In the plural the forms split again: gli amici, le amiche.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do I say mio fratello or il mio fratello?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Singular family members with a possessive drop the article: mio fratello, tua madre, suo zio. Plural brings the article back (i miei fratelli) and diminutives or qualifiers also bring it back (il mio fratellino, la tua zia preferita).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does Italian say mi lavo le mani and not mi lavo mie mani?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>With body parts, clothing, and personal belongings Italian uses the definite article instead of the possessive adjective. The reflexive verb already makes clear whose hands they are.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between vado a scuola and vado alla scuola?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Vado a scuola is the set phrase meaning I go to school (habitual activity, zero article). Vado alla scuola di lingue points to a specific school identified by a qualifier. The article returns as soon as you specify which school.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do I use an article before country names?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, as a subject or object: l&#8217;Italia \u00e8 bella, la Francia confina con la Spagna. After the preposition in with singular feminine unmodified country names, the article disappears: vivo in Italia. Plural country names keep the article: vivo negli Stati Uniti.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When does Italian skip the article before a profession?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>After essere, when the profession is used in a bare identifying way: sono insegnante, \u00e8 medico. The article returns as soon as you add a modifier: sono un insegnante di italiano, \u00e8 una brava avvocatessa.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-nouns\/\">Italian nouns: 7 rules for gender and plurals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-fare-il-profession\/\">Italian fare il: how to say your job with the article<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-inalienable-possession\/\">Mi lavo le mani: body parts and the article rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/articolo_(La-grammatica-italiana)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani entry: articolo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Italian articles agree with the noun in gender and number, and the form is chosen by the sound that follows. A practical guide to il, lo, la, l&#8217;, i, gli, le plus the indefinite un, uno, una, un&#8217; and the preposizioni articolate al, dal, del, nel, sul. Built for English speakers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1863],"tags":[21,1460,18,1461,16,12,13],"class_list":["post-510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a1","tag-italian-articles","tag-italian-determinative-articles","tag-italian-grammar","tag-italian-indeterminative-articles","tag-italian-nouns","tag-italian-sounds","tag-vowels","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=510"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61248,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/510\/revisions\/61248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}