{"id":510,"date":"2013-05-15T23:49:00","date_gmt":"2013-05-15T21:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=510"},"modified":"2026-05-16T06:10:37","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T21:10:37","slug":"italian-articles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-articles\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Articles: Il, Lo, La, Un + Preposizioni (A1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <strong>Italian articles<\/strong> agree with the noun in gender and number, and the exact form depends on the sound that follows: <em>il libro<\/em>, <em>lo studente<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amico<\/em>, <em>gli zaini<\/em>. Italian also uses articles where English does not: with body parts, countries, languages, abstract nouns, and most family relations with modifiers. Master the sound-triggered forms first and the rest falls into place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have ever wondered why Italians say <em>lo studente<\/em> but <em>il libro<\/em>, or <em>l&#8217;amico<\/em> but <em>la casa<\/em>, the answer lies in the sound of the word that follows, not in the meaning. The seven <strong>italian articles<\/strong> in the definite set (<em>il, lo, l&#8217;, i, gli, la, le<\/em>) and the four indefinite ones (<em>un, uno, una, un&#8217;<\/em>) are organised by phonetics: gender, number, and the first sound of the noun. This guide walks through every form, the contractions with prepositions, and the everyday choices that catch English speakers off guard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The other half of the topic is when to use a <strong>italian articles<\/strong> at all. English drops articles in front of body parts, languages, abstract nouns, and habitual days of the week. Italian keeps them. By the end of this page you will know exactly when to insert one, when to skip it, and why <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em> and <em>vado a scuola<\/em> sit in the same language without contradiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-title-art gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#why\">Why italian articles feel harder than they look<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#definite\">Definite articles: the full map<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lo-gli\">When to use lo and gli<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#indefinite\">Indefinite articles: un, uno, una, un&#8217;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#prepositions\">Preposizioni articolate: a, da, di, in, su<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#keep\">When italian articles stay and English drops them<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#skip\">When italian articles disappear<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tricky\">Tricky cases: surnames, dates, famous names<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Dialogue in a Milan bookshop<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#challenge\">\ud83c\udfaf Mini-challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions on italian articles<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why\">Why italian articles feel harder than they look<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>English gives you two choices: <em>the<\/em> or <em>a<\/em>. Italian asks three questions before it hands you one: is the noun masculine or feminine, singular or plural, and what sound does it start with? Answer those and the form is automatic. The stumbling block for English speakers is not the rule itself but the fact that Italian insists on an article in places English happily drops it: <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em>, <em>parlo l&#8217;italiano<\/em>, <em>vado in Italia ma torno dagli Stati Uniti<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This guide walks through every definite and indefinite form, the contractions with prepositions, and the real-life choices you need to make at A1 and A2. Keep the sound-rules in mind: they decide almost everything about the <strong>italian articles<\/strong> system.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-obs-art1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The sound, not the letter.<\/strong> <em>Lo studente<\/em> is not chosen because the word starts with <em>s<\/em>: it is chosen because the word starts with a consonant cluster that <em>s<\/em> begins. Swap the word and the article moves with the sound, not the spelling.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"definite\">Definite articles: the full map<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Italian has seven definite <strong>italian articles<\/strong>. They all translate as <em>the<\/em> in English, but they split across gender, number, and the first sound of the next word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Used with<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>il<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine singular, before a regular consonant<\/td><td><em>il libro<\/em>, <em>il cane<\/em>, <em>il treno<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>lo<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine singular, before s+consonant, z, ps, pn, gn, x, y, i+vowel<\/td><td><em>lo studente<\/em>, <em>lo zaino<\/em>, <em>lo psicologo<\/em>, <em>lo yogurt<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>l&#8217;<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine or feminine singular, before a vowel<\/td><td><em>l&#8217;amico<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amica<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;isola<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>i<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine plural, plural of <em>il<\/em><\/td><td><em>i libri<\/em>, <em>i cani<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>gli<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine plural, plural of <em>lo<\/em> and <em>l&#8217;<\/em><\/td><td><em>gli studenti<\/em>, <em>gli zaini<\/em>, <em>gli amici<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>la<\/strong><\/td><td>feminine singular, before a consonant<\/td><td><em>la casa<\/em>, <em>la ragazza<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>le<\/strong><\/td><td>feminine plural (always, even before vowels)<\/td><td><em>le case<\/em>, <em>le amiche<\/em>, <em>le isole<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A few observations worth internalising. <em>L&#8217;<\/em> is unisex in the singular but splits back apart in the plural (<em>gli<\/em> for masculine, <em>le<\/em> for feminine). <em>Le<\/em> never elides, so <em>le amiche<\/em> keeps the full form. And <em>gli<\/em> covers two masculine plural roles: the plural of <em>lo<\/em> and the plural of <em>l&#8217;<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lo-gli\">When to use lo and gli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The long-form masculine article <em>lo<\/em> (and its plural <em>gli<\/em>) appears whenever the following word begins with a sound that would be awkward after <em>il<\/em>. The list is short and worth memorising:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>s + consonant<\/strong>: <em>lo studente<\/em>, <em>lo spagnolo<\/em>, <em>gli stivali<\/em>, <em>gli sport<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>z<\/strong>: <em>lo zaino<\/em>, <em>lo zucchero<\/em>, <em>gli zii<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>ps, pn, gn<\/strong>: <em>lo psicologo<\/em>, <em>lo pneumatico<\/em>, <em>lo gnocco<\/em>, <em>gli gnocchi<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>x, y<\/strong>: <em>lo xilofono<\/em>, <em>lo yogurt<\/em>, <em>gli yeti<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>i + vowel<\/strong>: <em>lo iato<\/em>, <em>gli iugoslavi<\/em> (rare, mostly older texts)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Everything else masculine takes <em>il<\/em> in the singular and <em>i<\/em> in the plural. A reliable test: if the noun starts with a normal single consonant (<em>c<\/em>, <em>d<\/em>, <em>f<\/em>, <em>g<\/em> before hard vowels, <em>l<\/em>, <em>m<\/em>, <em>n<\/em>, <em>p<\/em>, <em>r<\/em>, <em>t<\/em>, <em>v<\/em>), use <em>il<\/em>. If it stacks consonants or starts with one of the special sounds, use <em>lo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-obs-art2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Frozen expressions keep older forms.<\/strong> A few set phrases hold on to archaic uses: <em>per lo pi\u00f9<\/em> (mostly), <em>gli dei<\/em> (the gods). Do not try to regularise them.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"indefinite\">Indefinite articles: un, uno, una, un&#8217;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The indefinite article is the Italian equivalent of <em>a<\/em> or <em>an<\/em>. It exists only in the singular. The four forms follow the same sound logic as the definite <strong>italian articles<\/strong>, just without the plural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Used with<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>un<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine, before regular consonant or vowel<\/td><td><em>un libro<\/em>, <em>un amico<\/em>, <em>un treno<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>uno<\/strong><\/td><td>masculine, before s+cons, z, ps, pn, gn, x, y, i+vowel<\/td><td><em>uno studente<\/em>, <em>uno zaino<\/em>, <em>uno psicologo<\/em>, <em>uno yogurt<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>una<\/strong><\/td><td>feminine, before a consonant<\/td><td><em>una casa<\/em>, <em>una studentessa<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>un&#8217;<\/strong><\/td><td>feminine, before a vowel (apostrophe mandatory)<\/td><td><em>un&#8217;amica<\/em>, <em>un&#8217;idea<\/em>, <em>un&#8217;ora<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Two easy traps. <em>Un amico<\/em> takes no apostrophe because it is masculine, but <em>un&#8217;amica<\/em> does because it is feminine. And <em>uno<\/em> is never followed by an apostrophe: it is already long enough to stand on its own.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task1-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task.<\/strong> Choose the right article:<\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>___ studente (definite, masculine singular)<\/li>\n<li>___ amica (indefinite, feminine singular)<\/li>\n<li>___ stivali (definite, masculine plural)<\/li>\n<li>___ zaino (indefinite, masculine singular)<\/li>\n<li>___ isole (definite, feminine plural)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/summary>\n<p>1. lo (s+cons) \u00b7 2. un&#8217; (vowel, feminine) \u00b7 3. gli (plural of lo) \u00b7 4. uno (z trigger) \u00b7 5. le (feminine plural, never elides)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"prepositions\">Preposizioni articolate: a, da, di, in, su<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Five prepositions fuse with the definite <strong>italian articles<\/strong> into a single word: <strong>a<\/strong>, <strong>da<\/strong>, <strong>di<\/strong>, <strong>in<\/strong>, <strong>su<\/strong>. The prepositions <em>per<\/em>, <em>tra<\/em>, <em>fra<\/em>, <em>con<\/em> do not fuse: you write them separately (<em>per il bambino<\/em>, <em>con la mamma<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>il<\/th><th>lo<\/th><th>l&#8217;<\/th><th>i<\/th><th>gli<\/th><th>la<\/th><th>le<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>a<\/strong><\/td><td>al<\/td><td>allo<\/td><td>all&#8217;<\/td><td>ai<\/td><td>agli<\/td><td>alla<\/td><td>alle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>da<\/strong><\/td><td>dal<\/td><td>dallo<\/td><td>dall&#8217;<\/td><td>dai<\/td><td>dagli<\/td><td>dalla<\/td><td>dalle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>di<\/strong><\/td><td>del<\/td><td>dello<\/td><td>dell&#8217;<\/td><td>dei<\/td><td>degli<\/td><td>della<\/td><td>delle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>in<\/strong><\/td><td>nel<\/td><td>nello<\/td><td>nell&#8217;<\/td><td>nei<\/td><td>negli<\/td><td>nella<\/td><td>nelle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>su<\/strong><\/td><td>sul<\/td><td>sullo<\/td><td>sull&#8217;<\/td><td>sui<\/td><td>sugli<\/td><td>sulla<\/td><td>sulle<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>You will hear these everywhere: <em>vado al cinema<\/em>, <em>torno dallo stadio<\/em>, <em>il libro \u00e8 sulla sedia<\/em>, <em>abito nell&#8217;appartamento di sopra<\/em>, <em>la copertina della rivista<\/em>. They are not optional in modern Italian: the separated form (<em>a il<\/em>, <em>in il<\/em>) does not exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"keep\">When italian articles stay and English drops them<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where English speakers leak <strong>italian articles<\/strong>. Italian puts one in front of several categories that English happily treats as bare nouns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Body parts and personal items<\/strong>, instead of the possessive: <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em> (I wash my hands), <em>si \u00e8 tolto le scarpe<\/em> (he took his shoes off), <em>ha gli occhi azzurri<\/em> (she has blue eyes).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Countries, regions, continents, large islands<\/strong>: <em>l&#8217;Italia \u00e8 bella<\/em>, <em>la Francia confina con la Spagna<\/em>, <em>la Sicilia \u00e8 calda d&#8217;estate<\/em>. The article disappears after <em>in<\/em> for unmodified country names in the singular feminine: <em>vivo in Italia<\/em>, but <em>vivo negli Stati Uniti<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Languages<\/strong>, when treated as a subject or object: <em>studio l&#8217;italiano<\/em>, <em>il tedesco \u00e8 difficile<\/em>. Dropped after <em>parlare<\/em> in neutral register: <em>parlo italiano<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abstract nouns and generic categories<\/strong>: <em>la pazienza \u00e8 una virt\u00f9<\/em>, <em>il tempo vola<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;amore vince sempre<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Days of the week in habitual sense<\/strong>: <em>il luned\u00ec vado in piscina<\/em> (every Monday I go to the pool), versus <em>luned\u00ec vado in piscina<\/em> (this coming Monday).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titles and professions with surname<\/strong>: <em>il signor Rossi<\/em>, <em>la dottoressa Bianchi<\/em>. Drop the article when you address the person directly: <em>buongiorno, signor Rossi<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Percentages and fractions<\/strong>: <em>il 20 percento degli italiani<\/em>, <em>i due terzi della classe<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"skip\">When italian articles disappear<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Italian drops the article in several predictable slots:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Singular family members with a possessive adjective<\/strong>: <em>mia madre<\/em>, <em>tuo padre<\/em>, <em>suo fratello<\/em>. Plural family brings the article back: <em>i miei fratelli<\/em>, <em>le tue sorelle<\/em>. Diminutives or qualifiers also bring it back: <em>il mio fratellino<\/em>, <em>la tua zia preferita<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Professions after <em>essere<\/em><\/strong>: <em>sono insegnante<\/em>, <em>mio padre \u00e8 medico<\/em>. An article returns when you specify: <em>sono un insegnante di italiano<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zero-article set phrases with places<\/strong>: <em>a casa<\/em>, <em>a letto<\/em>, <em>a scuola<\/em>, <em>in chiesa<\/em>, <em>in ufficio<\/em>, <em>in biblioteca<\/em>, <em>in citt\u00e0<\/em>, <em>in campagna<\/em>, <em>in montagna<\/em>. Add specificity and the article returns: <em>alla casa dei miei nonni<\/em>, <em>nell&#8217;ufficio del direttore<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>After <em>di<\/em> in most quantity and material uses<\/strong>: <em>una tazza di caff\u00e8<\/em>, <em>un bicchiere di vino<\/em>, <em>un anello d&#8217;oro<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vocatives and direct address<\/strong>: <em>scusi, signora, mi pu\u00f2 dire l&#8217;ora?<\/em> (no <em>la<\/em> before <em>signora<\/em> because you are speaking to her).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tricky\">Tricky cases: surnames, dates, famous names<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A handful of situations sit in the grey zone between rule and style, and they are the ones that reveal who learned Italian in a classroom and who absorbed it by living with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Feminine surnames<\/strong> standing alone take an article in literary or formal register: <em>la Deledda<\/em>, <em>la Merini<\/em>. Male surnames alone usually do not: <em>Moravia scrisse&#8230;<\/em>, not <em>il Moravia scrisse&#8230;<\/em>, unless you speak of historical figures (<em>il Manzoni<\/em>, <em>il Petrarca<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Full names<\/strong> take no article in neutral prose: <em>Giuseppe Verdi \u00e8 nato nel 1813<\/em>. With a qualifier, the article returns: <em>il celebre Giuseppe Verdi<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dates<\/strong> use the definite article before the day: <em>il 25 aprile<\/em>, <em>il primo gennaio<\/em>. Years alone keep the article too: <em>nel 1492<\/em>, <em>il 2026<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nicknames<\/strong> sometimes glue an article for colour: <em>il Cavaliere<\/em>, <em>la Divina<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Illnesses<\/strong>: Italian adds the article where English drops it: <em>ho la febbre<\/em>, <em>ha preso il raffreddore<\/em>, <em>soffre di emicrania<\/em> (note: after <em>di<\/em>, the article disappears again).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Three patterns trip up English speakers learning <strong>italian articles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Choosing the article by letter, not by sound.<\/strong> <em>Il studente<\/em> looks fine on paper but breaks the cluster rule. The correct form is <em>lo studente<\/em>. Train yourself to listen to the first sound, not stare at the spelling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Dropping the article with body parts.<\/strong> Saying <em>*Lavo mie mani<\/em> instead of <em>Mi lavo le mani<\/em> is a tell-tale English calque. Italian uses the definite article plus a reflexive pronoun for body parts and clothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Inserting the article before singular family members.<\/strong> <em>*Il mio padre<\/em> sounds wrong. Italian drops the article in front of singular family with a possessive: <em>mio padre<\/em>, <em>tua madre<\/em>, <em>suo fratello<\/em>. The plural brings it back: <em>i miei fratelli<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task2-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task 2.<\/strong> Fill the blank with the correct article (definite, indefinite, preposizione articolata, or nothing):<\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mi fa male ___ testa.<\/li>\n<li>___ signora Bianchi \u00e8 ___ insegnante molto brava.<\/li>\n<li>Vado ___ scuola ogni mattina in bicicletta.<\/li>\n<li>Mio fratello vive ___ Stati Uniti da dieci anni.<\/li>\n<li>Ho comprato ___ zaino nuovo per ___ viaggio.<\/li>\n<li>___ luned\u00ec faccio sempre yoga, ma luned\u00ec prossimo non posso.<\/li>\n<li>___ pazienza \u00e8 la pi\u00f9 difficile delle virt\u00f9.<\/li>\n<li>Il libro \u00e8 ___ scaffale, accanto ___ dizionario.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<details><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><em>la<\/em> testa (body part, article replaces possessive)<\/li>\n<li><em>La<\/em> signora Bianchi \u00e8 <em>un&#8217;<\/em> insegnante molto brava (title + indefinite feminine before vowel)<\/li>\n<li>Vado <em>a<\/em> scuola (zero-article set phrase)<\/li>\n<li>Vive <em>negli<\/em> Stati Uniti (plural country, in + gli)<\/li>\n<li>Ho comprato <em>uno<\/em> zaino nuovo per <em>il<\/em> viaggio<\/li>\n<li><em>Il<\/em> luned\u00ec (habitual) vs <em>luned\u00ec<\/em> prossimo (specific)<\/li>\n<li><em>La<\/em> pazienza (abstract noun)<\/li>\n<li>Il libro \u00e8 <em>sullo<\/em> scaffale, accanto <em>al<\/em> dizionario<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>il \/ lo \/ l&#8217;<\/strong> = masculine singular, chosen by the sound that follows<\/li>\n<li><strong>i \/ gli<\/strong> = masculine plural; <em>gli<\/em> covers the plurals of both <em>lo<\/em> and <em>l&#8217;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>la \/ l&#8217; \/ le<\/strong> = feminine; <em>le<\/em> never elides<\/li>\n<li><strong>un \/ uno \/ una \/ un&#8217;<\/strong> = indefinite, same sound logic, no plural<\/li>\n<li><strong>a \/ da \/ di \/ in \/ su<\/strong> + article = <em>preposizione articolata<\/em> (single word). <em>per \/ tra \/ fra \/ con<\/em> stay separate.<\/li>\n<li>Body parts, languages, countries, abstract nouns, habitual days, percentages: <strong>keep<\/strong> the article.<\/li>\n<li>Singular family + possessive, professions after <em>essere<\/em>, zero-article places (<em>a casa<\/em>, <em>a letto<\/em>, <em>a scuola<\/em>): <strong>drop<\/strong> the article.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Dialogue in a Milan bookshop<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Caterina walks into a small bookshop in central Milan looking for a birthday present for her mother. The owner Pietro knows his historical novels. Watch how often the <strong>italian articles<\/strong> show up.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\uddb3 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Buongiorno, cerco un regalo per mia madre.<br><em>Good morning, I&#8217;m looking for a present for my mother.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Certo. Che tipo di libro le piace? La narrativa? La poesia?<br><em>Of course. What kind of book does she like? Fiction? Poetry?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\uddb3 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Legge molto i romanzi storici. L&#8217;anno scorso le ho regalato un libro sulla Roma antica e le \u00e8 piaciuto molto.<br><em>She reads a lot of historical novels. Last year I gave her a book about ancient Rome and she loved it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Allora le consiglio lo scrittore Valerio Massimo Manfredi. Ha appena pubblicato un nuovo romanzo sugli etruschi.<br><em>Then I&#8217;d recommend the writer Valerio Massimo Manfredi. He has just published a new novel about the Etruscans.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\uddb3 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Perfetto. Lo prendo. Mi fa un pacchetto regalo?<br><em>Perfect. I&#8217;ll take it. Can you wrap it for me?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Volentieri. Sono venti euro, con il pacchetto compreso.<br><em>Gladly. That&#8217;s twenty euros, wrapping included.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\uddb3 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Posso pagare con la carta?<br><em>Can I pay by card?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Certo. Il POS \u00e8 qui sul bancone. Grazie e buona giornata.<br><em>Of course. The card reader is here on the counter. Thanks and have a nice day.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Count them: <em>la narrativa<\/em>, <em>la poesia<\/em>, <em>i romanzi<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;anno<\/em>, <em>un libro<\/em>, <em>la Roma antica<\/em>, <em>lo scrittore<\/em>, <em>un nuovo romanzo<\/em>, <em>sugli etruschi<\/em>, <em>il pacchetto<\/em>, <em>la carta<\/em>, <em>il POS<\/em>, <em>sul bancone<\/em>. Thirteen <strong>italian articles<\/strong> in eight short exchanges. That density is normal for any retail conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>If you transcribe a real conversation in a Padova caff\u00e8, a Lucca bakery, or a Catania edicola, you will find the same pattern. The <strong>italian articles<\/strong> are the connective tissue of every sentence about objects, places, and people. Train your ear by listening for them once a paragraph while watching an Italian show, and within a week you will start producing the right form automatically. Beginners often think the difficulty is the long list of forms: in practice, three or four forms account for roughly 90% of daily usage, and the rest fall in via patient and steady repetition over a few weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-challenge-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenge\">\ud83c\udfaf Mini-challenge<\/h3>\n\n<p>Describe your morning routine in five short Italian sentences. Use at least one definite article, one indefinite, one preposizione articolata, and one zero-article set phrase.<\/p>\n\n<details><summary>\ud83d\udc49 Sample answer<\/summary>\n<p>La mattina mi alzo presto. Faccio colazione con un caff\u00e8 e una fetta di torta. Esco di casa alle otto e vado a lavoro in bicicletta. Nell&#8217;ufficio ci sono gi\u00e0 i colleghi. Ho la giornata piena di riunioni.<\/p>\n<p><em>In the morning I get up early. I have breakfast with a coffee and a slice of cake. I leave home at eight and go to work by bike. In the office my colleagues are already there. My day is full of meetings.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Practise the <strong>italian articles<\/strong> rules with the quiz below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-art\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_202\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 4 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                            <li>4<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Articles: Il, Lo, La, Un + Preposizioni (A1)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F510\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F510\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"dc1f5ebfee\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/510\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_resultTable\">\n                    <table>\n                        <tbody>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Average score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Your score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #F79646;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <\/tbody>\n                    <\/table>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"0\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Not categorized<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Your score is too low. Try again!<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=Od6hu0c-P26M&amp;format=png\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">This won&#8217;t do. Try the quiz again.<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=1slcPoyyUnjZ&amp;format=png\" width=\"103\" height=\"103\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Not bad, but you could do better. Try again.<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=68703&amp;format=png\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Good job! You&#8217;ve achieved a good score, but it&#8217;s not perfect yet.<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=113852&amp;format=png\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Full score. I&#8217;m proud of you!<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=jw6r9he4B6zD&amp;format=png\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                    <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"restartQuiz\"\n                           value=\"Restart quiz\">\n                                    <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"reShowQuestion\"\n                           value=\"View questions\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                            <li>4<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>4<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">40 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Fill in the blanks with the <br \/>correct definite and indefinite article <br \/>(singular masculine)<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=160&amp;id=91328&amp;format=png\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>il &#8211; un<\/strong><\/span> &#8211; pesce<\/span><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"1400\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <!-- wp:columns --><div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column --><div class=\"wp-block-column\"><ul><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> libro<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(lo)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uno)<\/span><\/span> specchio<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> ombrello<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> treno<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(lo)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uno)<\/span><\/span> gnomo<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> albero<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> quaderno<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(lo)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uno)<\/span><\/span> studente<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> edificio<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> vestito<\/li><\/ul><\/div><!-- \/wp:column -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:column --><div class=\"wp-block-column\"><ul><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(lo)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uno)<\/span><\/span> pneumatico<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> coltello<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> errore<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(lo)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uno)<\/span><\/span> xilofono<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> sorriso<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> uomo<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(lo)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uno)<\/span><\/span> zaino<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> muro<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un)<\/span><\/span> cavallo<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(lo)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uno)<\/span><\/span> psicologo<\/li><\/ul><\/div><!-- \/wp:column --><\/div><!-- \/wp:columns -->                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><ul>\n<li>In <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> the errors, in <span style=\"color: #008000;\">green<\/span> the correct answers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><ul>\n<li>In <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> the errors, in <span style=\"color: #008000;\">green<\/span> the correct answers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>4<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">40 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Fill in the blanks with the <br \/>correct definite and indefinite article <br \/>(singular feminine)<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=160&amp;id=95045&amp;format=png\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>la &#8211; una<\/strong><\/span> &#8211; strada<\/span><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"1401\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <!-- wp:columns --><div class=\"wp-block-columns\"><!-- wp:column --><div class=\"wp-block-column\"><ul><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> macchina<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> amica<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> porta<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> idea<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> finestra<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> borsa<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> arancia<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> ragazza<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> scuola<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> occasione<\/li><\/ul><\/div><!-- \/wp:column -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:column --><div class=\"wp-block-column\"><ul><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> casa<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> ammiratrice<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> stanza<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> emozione<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> collina<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> alba<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> madre<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> notizia<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l')<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(un')<\/span><\/span> opera<\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la)<\/span><\/span> - <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(una)<\/span><\/span> chiave<\/li><\/ul><\/div><!-- \/wp:column --><\/div><!-- \/wp:columns -->                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><ul>\n<li>In <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> the errors, in <span style=\"color: #008000;\">green<\/span> the correct answers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><ul>\n<li>In <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> the errors, in <span style=\"color: #008000;\">green<\/span> the correct answers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>3<\/span> of <span>4<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>3<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">20 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Choose the Correct Definite Article<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=160&amp;id=111606&amp;format=png\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline;\">Il<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> libro \u00e8 interessante. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The book is interesting.<\/em><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"1402\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <ul><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Il)<\/span><\/span> cane abbaia spesso di notte. <em>(Dogs bark often at night.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(La)<\/span><\/span> pizza \u00e8 molto buona in Italia. <em>(Pizza is very good in Italy.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"1\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(I)<\/span><\/span> bambini giocano al parco. <em>(Children play in the park.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Le)<\/span><\/span> case in campagna sono tranquille. <em>(Houses in the countryside are quiet.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(L')<\/span><\/span>albero \u00e8 molto alto. <em>(The tree is very tall.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Lo)<\/span><\/span> zucchero \u00e8 dolce. <em>(Sugar is sweet.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Gli)<\/span><\/span> studenti sono attenti in classe. <em>(Students are attentive in class.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(L')<\/span><\/span>estate \u00e8 la stagione pi\u00f9 calda. <em>(Summer is the hottest season.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Il)<\/span><\/span> gatto dorme sulla sedia. <em>(The cat sleeps on the chair.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Le)<\/span><\/span> stelle brillano nel cielo notturno. <em>(Stars shine in the night sky.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"1\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(I)<\/span><\/span> fiori nel giardino sono colorati. <em>(Flowers in the garden are colorful.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(La)<\/span><\/span> scuola \u00e8 chiusa durante le vacanze. <em>(School is closed during the holidays.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Lo)<\/span><\/span> sport \u00e8 importante per la salute. <em>(Sport is important for health.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Gli)<\/span><\/span> amici sono venuti a trovarmi ieri. <em>(Friends came to visit me yesterday.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(L')<\/span><\/span>universit\u00e0 \u00e8 lontana da qui. <em>(The university is far from here.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Il)<\/span><\/span> libro \u00e8 sul tavolo. <em>(The book is on the table.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Le)<\/span><\/span> montagne in inverno sono innevate. <em>(Mountains in winter are snow-covered.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Lo)<\/span><\/span> studente ha superato l'esame. <em>(The student passed the exam.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(L')<\/span><\/span>isola \u00e8 un paradiso tropicale. <em>(The island is a tropical paradise.)<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(La)<\/span><\/span> macchina \u00e8 parcheggiata fuori. <em>(The car is parked outside.)<\/em><\/li><\/ul>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><ul>\n<li>In <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> the errors, in <span style=\"color: #008000;\">green<\/span> the correct answers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><ul>\n<li>In <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> the errors, in <span style=\"color: #008000;\">green<\/span> the correct answers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>4<\/span> of <span>4<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>4<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">15 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Choose the Correct Indefinite Article<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=160&amp;id=J2t_uKtMD3D7&amp;format=png\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Un<\/span><\/strong> ragazzo legge un libro.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A boy is reading a book<\/em><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"1403\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <ul><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Un)<\/span><\/span> uomo aspetta alla fermata dell\u2019autobus. <em>A man is waiting at the bus stop.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Una)<\/span><\/span> bambina corre nel parco. <em>A little girl is running in the park.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Uno)<\/span><\/span> zaino rosso \u00e8 sul tavolo. <em>A red backpack is on the table.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Un')<\/span><\/span> amica mi ha invitato a cena. <em>A friend invited me to dinner.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Una)<\/span><\/span> casa grande si trova in periferia. <em>A big house is located in the suburbs.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Uno)<\/span><\/span> studente lavora in biblioteca. <em>A student is working in the library.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Un)<\/span><\/span> fiore profumato cresce nel giardino. <em>A fragrant flower is growing in the garden.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Una)<\/span><\/span> persona gentile mi ha aiutato. <em>A kind person helped me.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Uno)<\/span><\/span> pneumatico \u00e8 bucato. <em>A tire is flat.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Una)<\/span><\/span> strada stretta attraversa il paese. <em>A narrow road crosses the village.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Un)<\/span><\/span> bambino gioca con un pallone. <em>A child is playing with a ball.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Un')<\/span><\/span> idea interessante \u00e8 stata proposta. <em>An interesting idea was proposed.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Una)<\/span><\/span> valigia pesante \u00e8 sul pavimento. <em>A heavy suitcase is on the floor.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Uno)<\/span><\/span> psicologo ha scritto un libro famoso. <em>A psychologist wrote a famous book.<\/em><\/li><li><span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Un)<\/span><\/span> amico mi ha raccontato una storia. <em>A friend told me a story.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><ul>\n<li>In <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> the errors, in <span style=\"color: #008000;\">green<\/span> the correct answers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><ul>\n<li>In <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> the errors, in <span style=\"color: #008000;\">green<\/span> the correct answers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n         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               }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions on italian articles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Common doubts from learners working through the <strong>italian articles<\/strong> system. The answers stick to current standard usage as documented in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/articolo_(La-grammatica-italiana)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani entry on the article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-art-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is it lo studente and not il studente?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because studente starts with s plus another consonant. Italian avoids stacking il with an awkward consonant cluster and uses the longer form lo instead. The same logic applies to z, ps, pn, gn, x, y, and i followed by a vowel.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use l&#8217; instead of il or la?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Before a singular noun starting with a vowel, regardless of gender: l&#8217;amico (masculine), l&#8217;amica (feminine), l&#8217;isola (feminine), l&#8217;uomo (masculine). In the plural the forms split again: gli amici, le amiche.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do I say mio fratello or il mio fratello?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Singular family members with a possessive drop the article: mio fratello, tua madre, suo zio. Plural brings the article back (i miei fratelli) and diminutives or qualifiers also bring it back (il mio fratellino, la tua zia preferita).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does Italian say mi lavo le mani and not mi lavo mie mani?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>With body parts, clothing, and personal belongings Italian uses the definite article instead of the possessive adjective. The reflexive verb already makes clear whose hands they are.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between vado a scuola and vado alla scuola?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Vado a scuola is the set phrase meaning I go to school (habitual activity, zero article). Vado alla scuola di lingue points to a specific school identified by a qualifier. The article returns as soon as you specify which school.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do I use an article before country names?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, as a subject or object: l&#8217;Italia \u00e8 bella, la Francia confina con la Spagna. After the preposition in with singular feminine unmodified country names, the article disappears: vivo in Italia. Plural country names keep the article: vivo negli Stati Uniti.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-art-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When does Italian skip the article before a profession?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>After essere, when the profession is used in a bare identifying way: sono insegnante, \u00e8 medico. The article returns as soon as you add a modifier: sono un insegnante di italiano, \u00e8 una brava avvocatessa.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-nouns\/\">Italian nouns: 7 rules for gender and plurals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-fare-il-profession\/\">Italian fare il: how to say your job with the article<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-inalienable-possession\/\">Mi lavo le mani: body parts and the article rule<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/articolo_(La-grammatica-italiana)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani entry: articolo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Italian articles agree with the noun in gender and number, and the form is chosen by the sound that follows. A practical guide to il, lo, la, l&#8217;, i, gli, le plus the indefinite un, uno, una, un&#8217; and the preposizioni articolate al, dal, del, nel, sul. Built for English speakers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1863],"tags":[21,1460,18,1461,16,12,13],"class_list":["post-510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a1","tag-italian-articles","tag-italian-determinative-articles","tag-italian-grammar","tag-italian-indeterminative-articles","tag-italian-nouns","tag-italian-sounds","tag-vowels","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=510"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60026,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/510\/revisions\/60026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}