{"id":46670,"date":"2024-08-04T20:06:13","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T11:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=46670"},"modified":"2026-05-17T23:34:25","modified_gmt":"2026-05-17T14:34:25","slug":"italian-passato-prossimo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-passato-prossimo\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Passato Prossimo: Forms, Auxiliary, Agreement (A2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> The <strong>italian passato prossimo<\/strong> is the everyday past tense for completed actions: <em>ho mangiato<\/em>, <em>sono andato<\/em>, <em>ci siamo divertiti<\/em>. It is a compound tense built from two pieces: the present of <em>avere<\/em> or <em>essere<\/em> plus the past participle of the main verb. The two hard parts are choosing the right auxiliary and making the participle agree when it has to. This guide covers regular and irregular participles, the avere\/essere split, agreement, verbs that take both, modal verbs, passato prossimo vs passato remoto, with audio, a listening task, and a quiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian passato prossimo pairs with the imperfetto to tell any past story: the passato prossimo marks what happened, the imperfetto paints the background. By the end of this guide you will form it correctly and pick essere or avere on your own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-pp\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-pp gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What the italian passato prossimo does<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#formation\">How to form it: auxiliary + participle<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#participle-regular\">Regular participles: -ato, -uto, -ito<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#participle-irregular\">Irregular past participles<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#avere\">When to use avere<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#essere\">When to use essere<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#agreement\">Past-participle agreement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#both-aux\">Verbs that take both essere and avere<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#modal\">Modal verbs: dovere, potere, volere<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pp-vs-remoto\">Passato prossimo vs passato remoto<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian passato prossimo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#audio\">Audio examples<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Listening task: Anna and Marco&#8217;s weekend<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What the italian passato prossimo does<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian passato prossimo describes an action that is finished, that you can place on a timeline with a start and an end. The name means &#8220;near past&#8221;, but in modern Italian it covers any completed event, recent or far: <em>stamattina ho preso il treno<\/em>, <em>nel 2009 sono andato a vivere a Bologna<\/em>. The connection with the present is psychological, not chronological.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It looks like the English present perfect (<em>ho mangiato<\/em> = &#8220;I have eaten&#8221;), but most of the time it translates better as the simple past: <em>ieri ho mangiato un panino<\/em> = &#8220;yesterday I ate a sandwich&#8221;, not &#8220;I have eaten&#8221;. This mismatch is the first thing to unlearn: do not map the italian passato prossimo onto &#8220;have + participle&#8221; one to one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It pairs with the imperfetto, which carries description and background: <em>mentre cenavo, \u00e8 arrivato Pietro<\/em> (&#8220;while I was having dinner, Pietro arrived&#8221;). The imperfetto sets the scene, the italian passato prossimo drops in the event. Together they handle nearly all past-tense storytelling in spoken Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"formation\">How to form the italian passato prossimo: auxiliary + participle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian passato prossimo is a compound tense. You always need two pieces in this order: the present indicative of an auxiliary verb (<em>avere<\/em> or <em>essere<\/em>) plus the past participle of the main verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>auxiliary (avere \/ essere, present) + past participle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>avere + mangiare<\/th><th>essere + andare<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>io<\/td><td>ho mangiato<\/td><td>sono andato\/a<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tu<\/td><td>hai mangiato<\/td><td>sei andato\/a<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>ha mangiato<\/td><td>\u00e8 andato\/a<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>noi<\/td><td>abbiamo mangiato<\/td><td>siamo andati\/e<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>voi<\/td><td>avete mangiato<\/td><td>siete andati\/e<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>loro<\/td><td>hanno mangiato<\/td><td>sono andati\/e<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice the asymmetry already: with <em>avere<\/em> the participle does not change (<em>ho mangiato<\/em>, <em>abbiamo mangiato<\/em>), but with <em>essere<\/em> it ends in -o, -a, -i, -e depending on who the subject is (<em>sono andato<\/em> for a man, <em>sono andata<\/em> for a woman, <em>siamo andati<\/em> for a mixed group). That agreement is the rule learners forget most; we dedicate a whole section to it below.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho finito il romanzo di Pennacchi che mi avevi consigliato.<br><em>I finished the Pennacchi novel you had recommended to me.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro \u00e8 andato a Modena per la fiera del libro.<br><em>Pietro went to Modena for the book fair.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha cucito tre vestiti questa settimana.<br><em>Caterina sewed three dresses this week.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Siamo tornati da Lucca dopo un lungo viaggio.<br><em>We came back from Lucca after a long trip.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"participle-regular\">Regular past participles: -ato, -uto, -ito<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For regular verbs, the past participle that the italian passato prossimo needs follows the conjugation group. Drop the infinitive ending and add the participle ending: -are verbs take -ato, -ere verbs take -uto, -ire verbs take -ito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Group<\/th><th>Infinitive<\/th><th>Participle ending<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>-are<\/td><td>parlare<\/td><td>-ato<\/td><td>parlato<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-ere<\/td><td>vendere<\/td><td>-uto<\/td><td>venduto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>-ire<\/td><td>dormire<\/td><td>-ito<\/td><td>dormito<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two small spelling families behave predictably. Verbs in -care and -gare keep the hard sound but that only matters in the present, not the participle (<em>cercare<\/em> \u2192 <em>cercato<\/em>). Verbs in -urre come from longer Latin stems and give -otto: <em>tradurre<\/em> \u2192 <em>tradotto<\/em>, <em>produrre<\/em> \u2192 <em>prodotto<\/em>, <em>condurre<\/em> \u2192 <em>condotto<\/em>. Verbs in -cere and -scere often go irregular: <em>piacere<\/em> \u2192 <em>piaciuto<\/em>, <em>conoscere<\/em> \u2192 <em>conosciuto<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Abbiamo visto un bellissimo tramonto dalle mura di Lucca.<br><em>We saw a beautiful sunset from the walls of Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Hai chiuso la libreria a chiave ieri sera?<br><em>Did you lock the bookshop last night?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I ragazzi hanno dormito poco prima della gita a Firenze.<br><em>The kids slept little before the trip to Florence.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-uto\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The -uto trap.<\/strong> The regular -ere participle is -uto (<em>venduto<\/em>, <em>creduto<\/em>, <em>potuto<\/em>), but a large share of the most common -ere verbs are irregular (<em>preso<\/em>, <em>letto<\/em>, <em>scritto<\/em>, <em>visto<\/em>). When in doubt about an -ere verb, assume it might be irregular and check the next section.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"participle-irregular\">Irregular past participles in the italian passato prossimo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most irregular participles in the italian passato prossimo are -ere verbs, and the highest-frequency verbs in the language sit right here. There is no shortcut: this list is learned by heart, a few at a time, with the verbs you actually use first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Infinitive<\/th><th>Participle<\/th><th>Infinitive<\/th><th>Participle<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>aprire<\/td><td>aperto<\/td><td>chiedere<\/td><td>chiesto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>chiudere<\/td><td>chiuso<\/td><td>decidere<\/td><td>deciso<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>dire<\/td><td>detto<\/td><td>fare<\/td><td>fatto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>leggere<\/td><td>letto<\/td><td>mettere<\/td><td>messo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>perdere<\/td><td>perso<\/td><td>prendere<\/td><td>preso<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>rispondere<\/td><td>risposto<\/td><td>rompere<\/td><td>rotto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>scrivere<\/td><td>scritto<\/td><td>scendere<\/td><td>sceso<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>spendere<\/td><td>speso<\/td><td>vedere<\/td><td>visto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>venire<\/td><td>venuto<\/td><td>vincere<\/td><td>vinto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>vivere<\/td><td>vissuto<\/td><td>essere<\/td><td>stato<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One oddity worth memorising now: the participle of <em>essere<\/em> is <em>stato<\/em>, the same as the participle of <em>stare<\/em>. So <em>sono stato a Roma<\/em> can mean both &#8220;I have been to Rome&#8221; and &#8220;I stayed in Rome&#8221;; context tells them apart. The participle of <em>nascere<\/em> is <em>nato<\/em> (<em>sono nato a Pisa<\/em>), and <em>morire<\/em> gives <em>morto<\/em> (<em>\u00e8 morto l&#8217;anno scorso<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro ha letto tutta la trilogia in due settimane.<br><em>Pietro read the whole trilogy in two weeks.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ho scritto una lettera al comune per il permesso del banco libri.<br><em>I wrote a letter to the town hall for the book-stall permit.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha perso le chiavi della sartoria al mercato di Lucca.<br><em>Caterina lost the keys to the tailor shop at the Lucca market.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"avere\">When to use avere in the italian passato prossimo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The default auxiliary of the italian passato prossimo is <em>avere<\/em>. Every transitive verb takes <em>avere<\/em>: a transitive verb is one that can carry a direct object, the thing that answers <em>che cosa?<\/em> or <em>chi?<\/em> right after the verb, with no preposition in between.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho comprato (che cosa?) un regalo per il compleanno di mia sorella.<br><em>I bought a present for my sister&#8217;s birthday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Abbiamo visto (chi?) un vecchio amico alla fiera del libro.<br><em>We saw an old friend at the book fair.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Hai finito (che cosa?) il lavoro alla sartoria?<br><em>Did you finish the work at the tailor shop?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A useful extra rule: many intransitive verbs that describe an activity rather than a movement or a change also take <em>avere<\/em>, even though they have no object. Learn this short group by heart, because the &#8220;intransitive equals essere&#8221; shortcut you read in beginner books is misleading.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho dormito bene anche se ho viaggiato tutta la notte.<br><em>I slept well even though I travelled all night.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I ragazzi hanno camminato per ore sulle mura di Lucca.<br><em>The kids walked for hours on the Lucca walls.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Abbiamo telefonato a Elena ma non ha risposto.<br><em>We phoned Elena but she didn&#8217;t answer.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-avere\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Activity vs change.<\/strong> A working test: if the verb puts the spotlight on something the subject does (<em>dormire<\/em>, <em>camminare<\/em>, <em>viaggiare<\/em>, <em>telefonare<\/em>), it tends to take <em>avere<\/em>. If instead the subject moves somewhere or turns into something different (<em>andare<\/em>, <em>arrivare<\/em>, <em>diventare<\/em>, <em>nascere<\/em>), it takes <em>essere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"essere\">When to use essere in the italian passato prossimo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A smaller but very frequent group of verbs builds the italian passato prossimo with <em>essere<\/em>. With <em>essere<\/em> the past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number. Four families cover almost all of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Verbs of movement<\/strong> from or to a place: <em>andare, venire, arrivare, partire, entrare, uscire, tornare, salire, scendere, cadere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>I ragazzi sono partiti per la gita scolastica a Firenze.<br><em>The kids left for the school trip to Florence.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Elena \u00e8 uscita dalla sartoria e \u00e8 salita sul treno delle sette.<br><em>Elena left the tailor shop and got on the seven o&#8217;clock train.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Verbs of change<\/strong> of state or condition: <em>diventare, nascere, morire, crescere, ingrassare, dimagrire, guarire<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Matteo \u00e8 diventato architetto e si \u00e8 trasferito a Modena.<br><em>Matteo became an architect and moved to Modena.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mia nonna \u00e8 nata a Pisa ed \u00e8 cresciuta in Lunigiana.<br><em>My grandmother was born in Pisa and grew up in Lunigiana.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Reflexive and pronominal verbs<\/strong>, always with <em>essere<\/em>, participle agreeing with the subject: <em>alzarsi, vestirsi, svegliarsi, divertirsi, sposarsi, incontrarsi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elena si \u00e8 alzata presto per prendere il treno delle sette.<br><em>Elena got up early to catch the seven o&#8217;clock train.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ci siamo divertiti molto alla fiera del libro di Modena.<br><em>We had a great time at the Modena book fair.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Verbs like piacere<\/strong> (and <em>mancare, servire, sembrare, bastare, succedere<\/em>): the thing liked is the grammatical subject, so the participle agrees with it.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mi \u00e8 piaciuto il romanzo, ma mi sono piaciute di pi\u00f9 le poesie.<br><em>I liked the novel, but I liked the poems more.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ci sono mancati gli amici di Padova durante l&#8217;inverno.<br><em>We missed our friends from Padova during the winter.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"agreement\">Past-participle agreement in the italian passato prossimo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agreement is the single rule that separates a clean italian passato prossimo from a learner&#8217;s sentence. There are two situations and they are easy to keep apart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>With essere: the participle always agrees with the subject.<\/strong> Four endings: -o (masculine singular), -a (feminine singular), -i (masculine or mixed plural), -e (feminine plural). <em>Pietro \u00e8 tornato<\/em>, <em>Caterina \u00e8 tornata<\/em>, <em>i ragazzi sono tornati<\/em>, <em>le ragazze sono tornate<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>With avere: the participle normally does not change.<\/strong> <em>Ho mangiato la mela<\/em>, <em>ho mangiato le mele<\/em>, <em>abbiamo mangiato i panini<\/em>. The one exception: when a direct object pronoun (<em>lo, la, li, le<\/em>) comes before the verb, the participle agrees with that pronoun.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hai visto Caterina al mercato? S\u00ec, l&#8217;ho vista vicino al banco dei fiori.<br><em>Did you see Caterina at the market? Yes, I saw her near the flower stall.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Hai comprato le mele? S\u00ec, le ho comprate al mercato di Lucca.<br><em>Did you buy the apples? Yes, I bought them at the Lucca market.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Hai letto i romanzi di Pennacchi? S\u00ec, li ho letti tutti l&#8217;estate scorsa.<br><em>Did you read Pennacchi&#8217;s novels? Yes, I read them all last summer.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-agree\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Agreement survives the apostrophe.<\/strong> <em>L&#8217;ho vista<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;ho visto<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;ho letta<\/em>, <em>l&#8217;ho letto<\/em>. The apostrophe hides whether the pronoun was <em>lo<\/em> or <em>la<\/em>; the ending on the participle is what reveals it. With <em>li<\/em> and <em>le<\/em> there is no apostrophe: <em>li ho visti<\/em>, <em>le ho viste<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"both-aux\">Verbs that take both essere and avere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A group of verbs in the italian passato prossimo can take either auxiliary, and the choice changes the meaning entirely. The pattern: <em>avere<\/em> when the verb has a direct object (used transitively), <em>essere<\/em> when it does not (used intransitively, often with movement or completion).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho corso una maratona a Lucca. \/ Sono corso a casa per la pioggia.<br><em>I ran a marathon in Lucca. \/ I ran home because of the rain.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro ha finito i soldi. \/ Il film \u00e8 finito tardi.<br><em>Pietro ran out of money. \/ The film ended late.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mia nonna ha vissuto a Pisa per quarant&#8217;anni. \/ Mia nonna \u00e8 vissuta felice.<br><em>My grandmother lived in Pisa for forty years. \/ My grandmother lived a happy life.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Weather verbs are a special case: <em>piovere<\/em>, <em>nevicare<\/em>, <em>grandinare<\/em> accept both, with no change of meaning. <em>Stamattina \u00e8 piovuto<\/em> and <em>stamattina ha piovuto<\/em> are both correct and both common; <em>essere<\/em> is a little more formal, <em>avere<\/em> a little more colloquial. Do not lose sleep over this one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"modal\">Modal verbs in the italian passato prossimo: dovere, potere, volere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modal verbs are the last tricky corner of the italian passato prossimo. <em>Dovere<\/em>, <em>potere<\/em> and <em>volere<\/em> borrow the auxiliary of the verb in the infinitive that follows them. If the following verb takes <em>essere<\/em>, the modal takes <em>essere<\/em> too; if it takes <em>avere<\/em>, the modal takes <em>avere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro \u00e8 dovuto andare a Pisa per la consegna dei libri.<br><em>Pietro had to go to Pisa for the book delivery.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro ha dovuto chiudere la libreria prima del solito.<br><em>Pietro had to close the bookshop earlier than usual.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina non \u00e8 potuta venire perch\u00e9 ha dovuto finire un vestito.<br><em>Caterina couldn&#8217;t come because she had to finish a dress.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In everyday speech many Italians simplify and use <em>avere<\/em> for the modal regardless (<em>ho dovuto andare<\/em> instead of <em>sono dovuto andare<\/em>). It is widespread and understood, but the auxiliary-matching form is the one expected in writing and in exams. When the modal stands alone with no infinitive, it always takes <em>avere<\/em>: <em>non ho potuto<\/em>, <em>non ha voluto<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Choose the auxiliary and form the italian passato prossimo.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ieri Pietro ___ (andare) a Modena per la fiera.<\/li>\n<li>Caterina ___ (cucire) tre vestiti questa settimana.<\/li>\n<li>Le ragazze ___ (tornare) tardi da Lucca.<\/li>\n<li>Hai visto Elena? S\u00ec, ___ (vedere) al mercato.<\/li>\n<li>Stamattina ___ (piovere) tutto il giorno.<\/li>\n<li>Matteo ___ (dovere, andare) a Pisa in treno.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. \u00e8 andato \u00b7 2. ha cucito \u00b7 3. sono tornate \u00b7 4. l&#8217;ho vista \u00b7 5. \u00e8 piovuto \/ ha piovuto (both fine) \u00b7 6. \u00e8 dovuto andare<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pp-vs-remoto\">Passato prossimo vs passato remoto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian has a second simple past, the <em>passato remoto<\/em> (<em>andai<\/em>, <em>feci<\/em>, <em>vidi<\/em>). In theory it is for events with no connection to the present; the italian passato prossimo is for events that still feel close. In practice, register and region decide.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spoken, North and centre: Nel 1990 sono andato a vivere a Bologna.<br><em>In 1990 I went to live in Bologna.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Spoken, South: Nel 1990 andai a vivere a Bologna.<br><em>In 1990 I went to live in Bologna.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Written narrative: Manzoni scrisse i Promessi Sposi nell&#8217;Ottocento.<br><em>Manzoni wrote the Betrothed in the nineteenth century.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For an A2 learner the practical rule is simple: in conversation and informal writing, use the italian passato prossimo for every completed past event, recent or remote. The passato remoto is mostly literary and southern in speech; you need to recognise it when reading, but you do not need to produce it to sound natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: the italian passato prossimo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table, the whole italian passato prossimo system. Keep it open while you draft your next past-tense sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Question<\/th><th>Answer<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Structure<\/td><td>avere\/essere (present) + participle<\/td><td>ho parlato, sono andato<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Regular -are \/ -ere \/ -ire<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>-ato \/ -uto \/ -ito<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Transitive verb<\/td><td>avere<\/td><td>ho letto un libro<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Movement \/ change \/ reflexive \/ piacere<\/td><td>essere<\/td><td>sono partito, mi sono alzato<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Agreement with essere<\/td><td>with the subject<\/td><td>Caterina \u00e8 tornata<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Agreement with avere<\/td><td>only with lo\/la\/li\/le before<\/td><td>l&#8217;ho vista, le ho comprate<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Modal + infinitive<\/td><td>auxiliary of the infinitive<\/td><td>\u00e8 dovuto andare<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Weather verbs<\/td><td>essere or avere<\/td><td>\u00e8 piovuto \/ ha piovuto<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three slips flag an A2 italian passato prossimo as written by a learner. Fixing them is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Forgetting subject agreement with <em>essere<\/em>. Wrong: <em>Caterina \u00e8 andato a Lucca<\/em>. Correct: <em>Caterina \u00e8 andata a Lucca<\/em>. With <em>essere<\/em>, the participle is never frozen: it tracks the subject&#8217;s gender and number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Using <em>essere<\/em> for a transitive verb in the italian passato prossimo. Wrong: <em>Sono mangiato un panino<\/em>. Correct: <em>Ho mangiato un panino<\/em>. If the verb has a direct object, the auxiliary is <em>avere<\/em>, full stop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Inventing a regular participle for an irregular verb. Wrong: <em>ho prenduto<\/em>, <em>ho leggiuto<\/em>, <em>ho scrivuto<\/em>. Correct: <em>ho preso<\/em>, <em>ho letto<\/em>, <em>ho scritto<\/em>. The high-frequency -ere verbs are irregular; there is no -uto shortcut for them.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Fix the error in each sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elena \u00e8 tornato da Padova ieri sera.<\/li>\n<li>Ho andato al mercato di Lucca con Caterina.<\/li>\n<li>Hai visto le fotografie? S\u00ec, le ho visto.<\/li>\n<li>I ragazzi hanno partiti per Firenze.<\/li>\n<li>Pietro ha preso il treno e ha scrivuto una lettera.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. \u00e8 tornata (fem. subject) \u00b7 2. Sono andato (movement \u2192 essere) \u00b7 3. le ho viste (agreement with le) \u00b7 4. sono partiti (movement \u2192 essere) \u00b7 5. ha scritto (irregular participle)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"audio\">Audio examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Listen to these italian passato prossimo sentences and repeat them out loud. Notice how the auxiliary and the participle blend into one rhythmic unit (<em>ho-mangiato<\/em>, <em>sono-andato<\/em>) and how the stress falls on the participle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/passato-prossimo-2024.m4a\" preload=\"false\"><\/audio><figcaption>Model sentences in the passato prossimo with avere and essere.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho raccontato una storia interessante ai bambini.<br><em>I told the children an interesting story.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Hai incontrato il nuovo libraio di Pisa?<br><em>Did you meet the new bookseller from Pisa?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Siamo andati a cena fuori dopo la fiera.<br><em>We went out for dinner after the fair.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Hanno deciso di restare a casa per il temporale.<br><em>They decided to stay home because of the storm.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina si \u00e8 svegliata presto e ha finito il vestito.<br><em>Caterina woke up early and finished the dress.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Listening task: Anna and Marco&#8217;s weekend<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anna and Marco compare what they did over the weekend. Listen first, then read along. Track every italian passato prossimo and ask yourself why the auxiliary is <em>avere<\/em> or <em>essere<\/em>, and whether the participle agrees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/il-fine-settimana-passato-prossimo.mp3\" preload=\"false\"><\/audio><figcaption>Dialogue: il fine settimana, in the passato prossimo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-pp\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Marco:<\/strong> Ciao Anna! Che cosa hai fatto nel fine settimana?<br><em>Hi Anna! What did you do over the weekend?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Anna:<\/strong> Ciao Marco! Sono andata al mare con la mia famiglia. E tu?<br><em>Hi Marco! I went to the seaside with my family. And you?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Marco:<\/strong> Io ho fatto una passeggiata in montagna. Abbiamo camminato per ore e abbiamo visto delle capre selvatiche.<br><em>I went for a walk in the mountains. We walked for hours and saw some wild goats.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Anna:<\/strong> Che bello! Avete pranzato in un rifugio?<br><em>How nice! Did you have lunch in a mountain hut?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Marco:<\/strong> S\u00ec, ci siamo fermati a mezzogiorno e abbiamo mangiato una zuppa di farro. \u00c8 stata una giornata perfetta.<br><em>Yes, we stopped at noon and ate a spelt soup. It was a perfect day.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Anna:<\/strong> Al mare mi sono rilassata tanto. Ho preso il sole e ho letto un romanzo giallo.<br><em>At the seaside I relaxed a lot. I sunbathed and read a detective novel.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Marco:<\/strong> L&#8217;hai finito?<br><em>Did you finish it?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Anna:<\/strong> Quasi. La sera siamo tornati tardi e mi sono addormentata sul divano.<br><em>Almost. In the evening we got back late and I fell asleep on the sofa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Marco:<\/strong> Anche noi siamo rientrati tardi. Domenica abbiamo visto una commedia al cinema e ci siamo divertiti molto.<br><em>We got back late too. On Sunday we watched a comedy at the cinema and had a lot of fun.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Anna:<\/strong> La prossima volta potremmo andare al cinema insieme. Hai gi\u00e0 scelto un film?<br><em>Next time we could go to the cinema together. Have you already chosen a film?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Marco:<\/strong> Non ancora, ma ci ho pensato. Ti scrivo questa sera e decidiamo.<br><em>Not yet, but I&#8217;ve thought about it. I&#8217;ll write to you tonight and we&#8217;ll decide.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the auxiliaries. Marco&#8217;s activities take <em>avere<\/em>: <em>ho fatto<\/em>, <em>abbiamo camminato<\/em>, <em>abbiamo visto<\/em>, <em>abbiamo mangiato<\/em>. Anna&#8217;s movements and reflexives take <em>essere<\/em> with feminine agreement: <em>sono andata<\/em>, <em>mi sono rilassata<\/em>, <em>mi sono addormentata<\/em>. The shared evening uses <em>siamo tornati<\/em>, <em>siamo rientrati<\/em>, <em>ci siamo divertiti<\/em>: plural agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Tell your last weekend in five sentences using the italian passato prossimo: one transitive verb with <em>avere<\/em>, one movement verb with <em>essere<\/em>, one reflexive verb, one irregular participle, and one direct object pronoun with agreement (<em>l&#8217;ho vista<\/em>, <em>le ho comprate<\/em>). Read it out loud once.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below tests the whole italian passato prossimo: auxiliary choice, regular and irregular participles, agreement, and modal verbs. 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Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Passato Prossimo: Forms, Auxiliary, Agreement (A2)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F46670\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F46670\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"6a8d509460\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46670\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_resultTable\">\n                    <table>\n                        <tbody>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Average score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Your score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #F79646;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <\/tbody>\n                    <\/table>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"0\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Not categorized<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Il tuo punteggio \u00e8 troppo basso. Riprova!<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=Od6hu0c-P26M&amp;format=png\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Non ci siamo. Riprova il quiz <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=1slcPoyyUnjZ&amp;format=png\" width=\"103\" height=\"103\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Non male, ma potresti fare meglio. Riprova <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=68703&amp;format=png\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Bene! Hai ottenuto un buon punteggio, ma non \u00e8 ancora perfetto <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=113852&amp;format=png\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Punteggio pieno. Sono orgoglioso di te!<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=2x&amp;id=jw6r9he4B6zD&amp;format=png\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                    <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"restartQuiz\"\n                           value=\"Restart quiz\">\n                                    <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"reShowQuestion\"\n                           value=\"View questions\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=160&amp;id=112158&amp;format=png\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/>Avere<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Completa le frasi scrivendo il passato prossimo con il verbo avere<br \/>Complete the sentences by writing the Passato Prossimo with &#8220;avere&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"1252\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <ul><li>Io (leggere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ho letto)<\/span><\/span> un libro molto interessante. <i>I read a very interesting book.<\/i><\/li><li>Tu (scrivere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hai scritto)<\/span><\/span> una lettera al tuo amico. <i>You wrote a letter to your friend.<\/i><\/li><li>Maria (disegnare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha disegnato)<\/span><\/span> un bellissimo paesaggio. <i>Maria drew a beautiful landscape.<\/i><\/li><li>Noi (visitare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(abbiamo visitato)<\/span><\/span> il museo d'arte moderna. <i>We visited the modern art museum.<\/i><\/li><li>Voi (ascoltare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avete ascoltato)<\/span><\/span> la nuova canzone alla radio. <i>You listened to the new song on the radio.<\/i><\/li><li>Giovanni (cucinare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha cucinato)<\/span><\/span> una cena deliziosa per tutti. <i>Giovanni cooked a delicious dinner for everyone.<\/i><\/li><li>Gli studenti (finire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno finito)<\/span><\/span> i loro compiti prima del weekend. <i>The students finished their homework before the weekend.<\/i><\/li><li>Lei (guardare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha guardato)<\/span><\/span> le stelle con il telescopio. <i>She looked at the stars with the telescope.<\/i><\/li><li>Io (trovare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ho trovato)<\/span><\/span> le chiavi sotto il divano. <i>I found the keys under the sofa.<\/i><\/li><li>Tu (pulire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hai pulito)<\/span><\/span> la tua stanza questa mattina. <i>You cleaned your room this morning.<\/i><\/li><li>Loro (studiare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno studiato)<\/span><\/span> per l'esame di storia. <i>They studied for the history exam.<\/i><\/li><li>Voi (chiedere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avete chiesto)<\/span><\/span> informazioni al turista. <i>You asked the tourist for information.<\/i><\/li><li>Lui (comprare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha comprato)<\/span><\/span> un nuovo orologio in gioielleria. <i>He bought a new watch at the jewelry store.<\/i><\/li><li>Noi (giocare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(abbiamo giocato)<\/span><\/span> a calcio al parco. <i>We played soccer at the park.<\/i><\/li><li>Anna (insegnare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha insegnato)<\/span><\/span> matematica ai bambini. <i>Anna taught math to the children.<\/i><\/li><\/ul>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Controlla le risposte e prosegui<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Controlla le risposte e prosegui<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=160&amp;id=112158&amp;format=png\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/>Essere<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">Completa le frasi scrivendo il passato prossimo con il verbo essere<em><br \/>Complete the sentences by writing the Passato Prossimo with &#8220;essere&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Use an apostrophe instead of an accent if you don&#8217;t have an Italian keyboard (\u00e8 = e&#8217;)<\/em><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"1420\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <ul><li>Il bambino (nascere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 nato, e' nato)<\/span><\/span> in una calda giornata di luglio. <i>The baby was born on a hot July day.<\/i><\/li><li>Lucia (andare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 andata, e' andata)<\/span><\/span> al cinema con le sue amiche. <i>Lucia went to the cinema with her friends.<\/i><\/li><li>Noi (arrivare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(siamo arrivati)<\/span><\/span> tardi alla festa. <i>We arrived late to the party.<\/i><\/li><li>Il treno (partire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 partito, e' partito)<\/span><\/span> in orario questa mattina. <i>The train left on time this morning.<\/i><\/li><li>I miei nonni (venire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono venuti)<\/span><\/span> a trovarci durante le vacanze. <i>My grandparents came to visit us during the holidays.<\/i><\/li><li>Le foglie (cadere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono cadute)<\/span><\/span> dagli alberi in autunno. <i>The leaves fell from the trees in autumn.<\/i><\/li><li>Giulia (salire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 salita, e' salita)<\/span><\/span> al secondo piano per prendere il libro. <i>Giulia went up to the second floor to get the book.<\/i><\/li><li>Voi (diventare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(siete diventati)<\/span><\/span> esperti nel vostro campo. <i>You became experts in your field.<\/i><\/li><li>Il sole (tramontare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 tramontato, e' tramontato)<\/span><\/span> alle sei di sera. <i>The sun set at six in the evening.<\/i><\/li><li>Maria (uscire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 uscita, e' uscita)<\/span><\/span> presto stamattina per fare una passeggiata. <i>Maria went out early this morning for a walk.<\/i><\/li><li>Giovanni e Marco (restare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono restati)<\/span><\/span> a casa tutto il giorno. <i>Giovanni and Marco stayed home all day.<\/i><\/li><li>La neve (sciogliersi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si \u00e8 sciolta, si e' sciolta)<\/span><\/span> rapidamente al sole. <i>The snow melted quickly in the sun.<\/i><\/li><li>Lara e Chiara (entrare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono entrate)<\/span><\/span> in aula dopo la pausa. <i>Lara and Chiara entered the classroom after the break.<\/i><\/li><li>Tu (tornare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sei tornato)<\/span><\/span> dalle vacanze ieri sera. <i>You returned from vacation last night.<\/i><\/li><li>Il fiore (sbocciare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 sbocciato, e' sbocciato)<\/span><\/span> nel giardino di primavera. <i>The flower bloomed in the spring garden.<\/i><\/li><\/ul>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Controlla le risposte e prosegui<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Controlla le risposte e prosegui<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>3<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>3<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/?size=160&amp;id=112158&amp;format=png\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/>Essere o Avere?<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; padding-left: 40px;\">Completa le frasi utilizzando il verbo ausiliare corretto <br \/><em>Complete the sentences using the correct verb<\/p>\n<p>Use an apostrophe instead of an accent if you don&#8217;t have an Italian keyboard (\u00e8 = e&#8217;)<\/em><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"1250\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr \/><br \/><ul><li>Giorgio (cucinare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha cucinato)<\/span><\/span> un risotto per i suoi amici. <i>Giorgio cooked a risotto for his friends.<\/i><\/li><li>Luisa (partire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 partita, e' partita)<\/span><\/span> per le vacanze. <i>Luisa left for vacation.<\/i><\/li><li>Voi (guardare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avete guardato)<\/span><\/span> un film interessante ieri sera. <i>You (plural) watched an interesting movie last night.<\/i><\/li><li>Noi (diventare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(siamo diventati)<\/span><\/span> esperti nel nostro campo. <i>We became experts in our field.<\/i><\/li><li>Io (camminare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ho camminato)<\/span><\/span> al parco questa mattina. <i>I walked in the park this morning.<\/i><\/li><li>Le ragazze (andare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono andate)<\/span><\/span> a fare shopping ieri. <i>The girls went shopping yesterday.<\/i><\/li><li>Francesca (ascoltare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha ascoltato)<\/span><\/span> la sua canzone preferita alla radio. <i>Francesca listened to her favorite song on the radio.<\/i><\/li><li>Io (arrivare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono arrivato)<\/span><\/span> a casa tardi ieri sera. <i>I arrived home late last night.<\/i><\/li><li>Luca e Giulia (salire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono saliti)<\/span><\/span> sulla montagna durante il weekend. <i>Luca and Giulia climbed the mountain during the weekend.<\/i><\/li><li>Giacomo (nascere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 nato, e' nato)<\/span><\/span> in una piccola citt\u00e0. <i>Giacomo was born in a small town.<\/i><\/li><li>Anna (lavare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha lavato)<\/span><\/span> i piatti dopo cena. <i>Anna washed the dishes after dinner.<\/i><\/li><li>Marco (preparare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha preparato)<\/span><\/span> una cena deliziosa per la famiglia. <i>Marco prepared a delicious dinner for the family.<\/i><\/li><li>Marta (tornare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 tornata, e' tornata)<\/span><\/span> dall'universit\u00e0 molto tardi. <i>Marta returned from university very late.<\/i><\/li><li>Maria e Luca (ballare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno ballato)<\/span><\/span> alla sagra del paese. <em>Maria and Luca danced at the village festival.<\/em><\/li><li>Il treno (partire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 partito, e' partito)<\/span><\/span> alle nove. <i>The train left at nine.<\/i><\/li><li>Il bambino (giocare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha giocato)<\/span><\/span> nel giardino tutto il pomeriggio. <i>The child played in the garden all afternoon.<\/i><\/li><li>Il cane (uscire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 uscito, e' uscito)<\/span><\/span> di corsa dal cancello. <i>The dog ran out of the gate.<\/i><\/li><li>Giulia (parlare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha parlato)<\/span><\/span> con il suo amico al telefono per un'ora. <i>Giulia talked with her friend on the phone for an hour.<\/i><\/li><li>Io (studiare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ho studiato)<\/span><\/span> per l'esame di matematica tutto il giorno. <i>I studied for the math exam all day.<\/i><\/li><li>Loro (comprare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno comprato)<\/span><\/span> dei vestiti nuovi al centro commerciale. <i>They bought new clothes at the shopping center.<\/i><\/li><li>Il gatto (saltare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 saltato, e' saltato)<\/span><\/span> sul divano per dormire. <i>The cat jumped on the sofa to sleep.<\/i><\/li><li>Voi (rimanere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(siete rimasti)<\/span><\/span> a casa durante il temporale. <i>You (plural) stayed home during the storm.<\/i><\/li><li>Loro (telefonare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno telefonato)<\/span><\/span> ai nonni per il loro anniversario. <i>They called their grandparents for their anniversary.<\/i><\/li><li>Tu (viaggiare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hai viaggiato)<\/span><\/span> in pullman durante le vacanze. <i>You traveled by bus during the holidays.<\/i><\/li><li>Lei (entrare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 entrata, e' entrata)<\/span><\/span> nella stanza senza fare rumore. <i>She entered the room without making noise.<\/i><\/li><\/ul><hr \/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Controlla le risposte e prosegui<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>Controlla le risposte e prosegui<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_312',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 312,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 55,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,33,66,90,100],\n                    bo: 7552,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: [55],\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"1252\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":1252,\"catId\":0,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"ho letto\"],[\"hai scritto\"],[\"ha disegnato\"],[\"abbiamo visitato\"],[\"avete ascoltato\"],[\"ha cucinato\"],[\"hanno finito\"],[\"ha guardato\"],[\"ho trovato\"],[\"hai pulito\"],[\"hanno studiato\"],[\"avete chiesto\"],[\"ha comprato\"],[\"abbiamo giocato\"],[\"ha 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tornata\"],[\"hanno ballato\"],[\"\\u00e8 partito\",\"e' partito\"],[\"ha giocato\"],[\"\\u00e8 uscito\",\"e' uscito\"],[\"ha parlato\"],[\"ho studiato\"],[\"hanno comprato\"],[\"\\u00e8 saltato\",\"e' saltato\"],[\"siete rimasti\"],[\"hanno telefonato\"],[\"hai viaggiato\"],[\"\\u00e8 entrata\",\"e' entrata\"]]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about the italian passato prossimo come up in every A2 cohort. The answers below draw on real classroom usage and on the Crusca note <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/accordo-del-participio-passato\/23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accordo del participio passato<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do you form the italian passato prossimo?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Take the present indicative of an auxiliary verb (avere or essere) and add the past participle of the main verb: ho mangiato, sono andato. Regular participles are -ato for -are verbs (parlato), -uto for -ere verbs (venduto), -ito for -ire verbs (dormito). Transitive verbs use avere; movement, change, reflexive and piacere-type verbs use essere.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use essere vs avere as auxiliary?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Use avere with all transitive verbs (those that take a direct object: ho letto un libro) and with activity-type intransitives like dormire, camminare, viaggiare, telefonare. Use essere with verbs of movement (andare, venire, tornare, partire), change (nascere, diventare, morire), all reflexive and pronominal verbs (mi sono alzato), and piacere-type verbs (mi \u00e8 piaciuto). A few verbs take both, with a change of meaning: ho corso una maratona vs sono corso a casa.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When does the past participle agree?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>With essere, the participle always agrees with the subject in gender and number: Caterina \u00e8 tornata, i ragazzi sono partiti, le ragazze sono uscite. With avere, the participle normally stays invariable (ho mangiato le mele), except when a direct object pronoun lo, la, li, le comes before the verb: l&#8217;ho vista, le ho comprate, li ho letti. The agreement survives the apostrophe: l&#8217;ho vista vs l&#8217;ho visto.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the most common irregular past participles?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The high-frequency ones are mostly -ere verbs: fare\u2192fatto, dire\u2192detto, prendere\u2192preso, leggere\u2192letto, scrivere\u2192scritto, vedere\u2192visto, mettere\u2192messo, chiudere\u2192chiuso, aprire\u2192aperto, perdere\u2192perso, rispondere\u2192risposto, decidere\u2192deciso, vincere\u2192vinto, vivere\u2192vissuto, venire\u2192venuto. Note essere\u2192stato (same as stare), nascere\u2192nato, morire\u2192morto. There is no rule; they are memorised with the verbs you use most.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Which auxiliary do modal verbs take (dovere, potere, volere)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In careful Italian, the modal borrows the auxiliary of the infinitive that follows it: Pietro \u00e8 dovuto andare (andare takes essere), Pietro ha dovuto chiudere (chiudere takes avere). In everyday speech many speakers simplify to avere throughout (ho dovuto andare), which is widely understood but not the form expected in writing and exams. A modal with no infinitive always takes avere: non ho potuto, non ha voluto.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Passato prossimo or passato remoto?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In spoken and informal Italian, especially in the North and centre, the passato prossimo covers every completed past event, recent or remote: nel 1990 sono andato a Bologna. The passato remoto (andai, feci, vidi) survives in southern speech and in literary or historical writing. For an A2 learner: produce the passato prossimo for all completed actions, and learn to recognise the passato remoto when reading novels.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that pair well with the italian passato prossimo, plus an institutional reference on participle agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-passato-prossimo-vs-imperfetto\/\">Italian Imperfetto vs Passato Prossimo<\/a>: the contrast post, when to mark an event and when to paint the background.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-past-participle\/\">Italian Past Participle<\/a>: forms, agreement, and the participle as adjective and reduced clause.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-direct-object-pronouns\/\">Italian Direct Object Pronouns<\/a>: the lo\/la\/li\/le rule behind l&#8217;ho vista and le ho comprate.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/accordo-del-participio-passato\/23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Accordo del participio passato<\/a>: institutional note on past-participle agreement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. The italian passato prossimo is the everyday past tense for completed actions: ho mangiato, sono andato, ci siamo divertiti. It is a compound tense built from two pieces: the present of avere or essere plus the past participle of the main verb. The two hard parts are choosing the right auxiliary and &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Passato Prossimo: Forms, Auxiliary, Agreement (A2)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-passato-prossimo\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Passato Prossimo: Forms, Auxiliary, Agreement (A2)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1864],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a2","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60159,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46670\/revisions\/60159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}