{"id":37796,"date":"2025-09-28T06:49:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T21:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=37796"},"modified":"2026-05-27T00:43:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T15:43:35","slug":"italian-relative-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-relative-pronouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Relative Pronouns: Che, Cui, Il Quale, Whose (B1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> The <strong>italian relative pronouns<\/strong> are the small words that link two sentences into one: <em>che<\/em>, <em>cui<\/em>, <em>il quale<\/em>, <em>il cui<\/em>, <em>il che<\/em>, <em>chi<\/em>, and <em>dove<\/em>. Italian uses them constantly, in writing and in conversation, but the choice between them follows clear rules. Once you map each pronoun to its job, the system clicks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide walks through every italian relative pronouns form with real examples from textbooks and everyday speech: a tailor in Lucca whose shop opened last spring, the bookshop where Pietro works, the friend you went to dinner with. Each section gives the rule, three or four sentences to anchor it, and the cases where natives drop one pronoun in favour of another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the end you will know why <em>il cui<\/em> needs the article of the thing possessed (not the possessor), when <em>chi<\/em> replaces <em>colui che<\/em>, and why Italians usually say <em>la casa dove abito<\/em> instead of <em>la casa nella quale abito<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-rel\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What relative pronouns do in Italian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#che\">Che: the invariable workhorse<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cui\">Cui: always with a preposition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#quale\">Il quale, la quale, i quali, le quali<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cui-possessive\">Il cui: the possessive trap<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#il-che\">Il che: wrapping up a whole clause<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#chi\">Chi: &#8220;the one who&#8221; in a single word<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dove\">Dove replacing in cui<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: all italian relative pronouns<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">A small dialogue: at Pietro&#8217;s bookshop<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What relative pronouns do in Italian<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian relative pronouns join two sentences into one, replacing a noun that would otherwise repeat. Take two short sentences: <em>Ho letto un libro. Il libro era molto interessante<\/em>. The repetition of <em>libro<\/em> is clunky. Italian fuses them: <em>Ho letto un libro che era molto interessante<\/em>. The italian relative pronoun <em>che<\/em> takes the place of the repeated noun and stitches the two ideas together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian relative pronouns come in two groups. The <strong>invariable<\/strong> forms (<em>che<\/em>, <em>cui<\/em>, <em>chi<\/em>) do not change for gender or number. The <strong>variable<\/strong> forms (<em>il quale<\/em>, <em>la quale<\/em>, <em>i quali<\/em>, <em>le quali<\/em>) agree with the noun they refer to. The invariable forms dominate speech; the variable ones live mostly in formal writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before the rules, a quick map of which pronoun does which job:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>che<\/strong>: subject or direct object, never after a preposition.<\/li>\n<li><strong>cui<\/strong>: always after a preposition (<em>a cui, di cui, con cui, in cui, su cui, per cui, da cui<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>il quale \/ la quale \/ i quali \/ le quali<\/strong>: formal alternative to <em>che<\/em> or <em>cui<\/em>, agreeing with the noun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>il cui \/ la cui \/ i cui \/ le cui<\/strong>: possessive, equivalent to &#8220;whose&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>il che<\/strong>: refers to a whole previous clause, not a single noun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>chi<\/strong>: &#8220;the one who&#8221;, only for people, only third person singular.<\/li>\n<li><strong>dove<\/strong>: stands in for <em>in cui<\/em> when the antecedent is a place.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"che\">Che: the invariable workhorse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pronoun <em>che<\/em> is the most frequent of all italian relative pronouns. It stays the same regardless of gender and number, it covers both subject and direct object, and it never accepts a preposition or an article before it.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il libro <strong>che<\/strong> mi hai prestato era davvero interessante.<br><em>The book that you lent me was really interesting.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La giornalista <strong>che<\/strong> ha intervistato Caterina viene da Trieste.<br><em>The journalist who interviewed Caterina is from Trieste.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I ragazzi <strong>che<\/strong> sono entrati per primi hanno trovato i posti migliori.<br><em>The boys who came in first found the best seats.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mi piacciono le scarpe <strong>che<\/strong> avevi ieri sera.<br><em>I like the shoes you were wearing last night.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you can paraphrase the sentence in English with &#8220;who&#8221;, &#8220;whom&#8221;, &#8220;which&#8221;, or &#8220;that&#8221;, and the relative is not preceded by a preposition, Italian almost certainly wants <em>che<\/em>. The choice does not depend on whether the antecedent is a person, an animal or a thing: <em>che<\/em> works for all three.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-che\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>One-sentence rule.<\/strong> If the relative pronoun would be the subject or direct object of its clause, with no preposition in front of it, use <em>che<\/em>. No exceptions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cui\">Cui: always with a preposition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pronoun <em>cui<\/em> is invariable like <em>che<\/em>, but it appears only after a simple preposition: <em>a cui, di cui, con cui, in cui, su cui, per cui, da cui, fra cui<\/em>. It never takes an article and the preposition stays simple, never articulated.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La persona <strong>a cui<\/strong> ho chiesto informazioni non ha saputo rispondere.<br><em>The person I asked for information didn&#8217;t know the answer.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;argomento <strong>di cui<\/strong> parla il professore \u00e8 molto tecnico.<br><em>The topic the professor is talking about is very technical.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La macchina <strong>con cui<\/strong> Caterina \u00e8 arrivata da Padova era una vecchia Panda.<br><em>The car Caterina arrived in from Padova was an old Panda.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La libreria <strong>in cui<\/strong> lavora Pietro si trova dentro le mura di Lucca.<br><em>The bookshop where Pietro works is inside the walls of Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non capisco la ragione <strong>per cui<\/strong> Francesco non \u00e8 venuto al pranzo.<br><em>I don&#8217;t understand the reason why Francesco didn&#8217;t come to lunch.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il dentista <strong>da cui<\/strong> vado riceve solo di mattina.<br><em>The dentist I go to only sees patients in the morning.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One small allowance: with the preposition <em>a<\/em>, Italians often drop the preposition altogether. <em>La ragazza cui ho telefonato<\/em> is the same as <em>la ragazza a cui ho telefonato<\/em>. Both are correct, the version with <em>a<\/em> is more common in spoken Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quale\">Il quale, la quale, i quali, le quali<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The variable forms <em>il quale<\/em>, <em>la quale<\/em>, <em>i quali<\/em>, <em>le quali<\/em> are a formal alternative to <em>che<\/em> (as subject) or to <em>cui<\/em> (after a preposition). They agree with the antecedent in gender and number, and after a preposition the article fuses with it (<em>nel quale, della quale, ai quali, con le quali<\/em>). Italians use them in writing, formal speech, and to avoid ambiguity when the antecedent is distant from the relative.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La professoressa <strong>la quale<\/strong> tiene il corso di letteratura \u00e8 un&#8217;esperta di Calvino.<br><em>The teacher who runs the literature course is an expert on Calvino.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Gli amici <strong>ai quali<\/strong> avevo scritto sono arrivati ieri sera da Trieste.<br><em>The friends I had written to arrived last night from Trieste.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La casa <strong>nella quale<\/strong> abito \u00e8 piccola ma ha un bel giardino.<br><em>The house in which I live is small but has a nice garden.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le ricerche, i risultati <strong>delle quali<\/strong> non sono ancora pubblici, hanno richiesto due anni.<br><em>The studies, whose results are not yet public, took two years.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The variable form is especially useful with numerals and quantifiers, where <em>di cui<\/em> can sound awkward: <em>ho provato sette apparecchi, tre dei quali non funzionavano<\/em> (I tried seven devices, three of which were not working). Outside this case, in conversation Italians prefer the lighter <em>che<\/em> or <em>cui<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task1-rel\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Complete each sentence with <em>che<\/em>, <em>cui<\/em> (plus the right preposition), or the right form of <em>il quale<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La sartoria ____ lavora Caterina \u00e8 in via Fillungo.<\/li>\n<li>Il libro ____ ho letto ieri parla della Resistenza.<\/li>\n<li>La ragazza ____ ho telefonato non ha risposto.<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;argomento ____ stiamo discutendo \u00e8 complicato.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. in cui (or nella quale): preposition needed because of &#8220;lavorare in&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>2. che: direct object, no preposition.<\/p>\n<p>3. a cui (or alla quale, or simply cui): preposition required by &#8220;telefonare a&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>4. di cui (or del quale): preposition required by &#8220;discutere di&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cui-possessive\">Il cui: the possessive trap<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To express possession (English &#8220;whose&#8221;), italian relative pronouns use the form <strong>article + cui + noun<\/strong>. The article agrees with the thing possessed, not with the possessor. This is the rule English speakers get wrong most often.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Questo \u00e8 il pittore <strong>i cui<\/strong> quadri sono esposti al museo di Padova.<br><em>This is the painter whose paintings are on show at the Padova museum.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina, <strong>la cui<\/strong> sartoria ha aperto in primavera, \u00e8 di Lucca.<br><em>Caterina, whose tailor&#8217;s shop opened in spring, is from Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Lo scrittore <strong>il cui<\/strong> libro ha vinto il premio \u00e8 seduto al primo tavolo.<br><em>The writer whose book won the prize is seated at the first table.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le ragazze <strong>le cui<\/strong> foto sono sul giornale frequentano la stessa scuola.<br><em>The girls whose photos are in the newspaper attend the same school.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice the pattern in the second example: Caterina is feminine, but the article is <em>la<\/em> because the thing possessed (<em>sartoria<\/em>) is feminine singular. In the third, the writer is masculine, the book is masculine singular, so <em>il cui<\/em>. Possessor gender is irrelevant: only the noun that follows <em>cui<\/em> matters.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-cui\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The possessive trap.<\/strong> In <em>il cui libro<\/em>, the article <em>il<\/em> agrees with <em>libro<\/em> (the book), not with the writer who owns it. Ignore the possessor, look at the noun after <em>cui<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"il-che\">Il che: wrapping up a whole clause<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the relative refers not to a single noun but to the entire previous clause, italian relative pronouns use <em>il che<\/em>. The English equivalent is &#8220;which&#8221; referring back to a whole situation.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Francesco ha mancato la riunione, <strong>il che<\/strong> significa che dovr\u00e0 recuperare con il capo.<br><em>Francesco missed the meeting, which means he will have to catch up with the boss.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mi sento molto stanca, <strong>il che<\/strong> probabilmente vuol dire che ho preso un raffreddore.<br><em>I feel very tired, which probably means I&#8217;ve caught a cold.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro ha venduto solo tre libri ieri, <strong>il che<\/strong> non \u00e8 un buon segno per la stagione.<br><em>Pietro sold only three books yesterday, which is not a good sign for the season.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha riaperto la sartoria a febbraio, <strong>il che<\/strong> \u00e8 stato un grande sollievo per i clienti abituali.<br><em>Caterina reopened the tailor&#8217;s shop in February, which was a great relief for the regular customers.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The construction <em>il che<\/em> is invariable: there is no <em>la che<\/em>, <em>i che<\/em>, <em>le che<\/em>. You can find it at any sentence position, but most commonly after a comma, when adding a reflection or consequence to what was just said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"chi\">Chi: &#8220;the one who&#8221; in a single word<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pronoun <em>chi<\/em> compresses &#8220;the one who&#8221; or &#8220;anyone who&#8221; into a single word. It is the only italian relative pronoun that already contains its antecedent: there is no <em>la persona chi<\/em>, just <em>chi<\/em>. It refers only to people, takes only the third person singular, and triggers masculine singular agreement on adjectives and participles.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Chi<\/strong> arriva in ritardo dovr\u00e0 aspettare la prossima sessione.<br><em>Anyone who arrives late will have to wait for the next session.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi<\/strong> sostiene queste idee non ha letto bene il documento.<br><em>Whoever supports these ideas hasn&#8217;t read the document properly.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Parla solo con <strong>chi<\/strong> \u00e8 davvero interessato al progetto.<br><em>Talk only with those who are genuinely interested in the project.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi<\/strong> dorme non piglia pesci, dice il proverbio.<br><em>&#8220;The one who sleeps catches no fish&#8221;, as the proverb says.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The more formal equivalents are <em>colui che<\/em>, <em>colei che<\/em>, <em>coloro che<\/em>, which agree in gender and number but feel literary. In conversation <em>chi<\/em> covers all three. Italian also uses <em>quelli che<\/em> as a plural alternative: <em>quelli che arrivano in ritardo<\/em> means the same as <em>chi arriva in ritardo<\/em>, but with explicit plural marking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dove\">Dove replacing in cui<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the antecedent is a place, italian relative pronouns let you swap <em>in cui<\/em> (or <em>nel quale<\/em>) for the much simpler <em>dove<\/em>. Both are correct; <em>dove<\/em> sounds lighter and is preferred in everyday speech.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La libreria <strong>dove<\/strong> lavora Pietro si trova in via San Paolino.<br><em>The bookshop where Pietro works is on via San Paolino.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il paese <strong>dove<\/strong> Francesco \u00e8 cresciuto \u00e8 vicino a Lucca.<br><em>The village where Francesco grew up is near Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ho ritrovato il caff\u00e8 <strong>dove<\/strong> ci siamo incontrati la prima volta.<br><em>I found again the caf\u00e9 where we first met.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>La sartoria <strong>dove<\/strong> Caterina lavora ha le vetrine sempre piene di novit\u00e0.<br><em>The tailor&#8217;s shop where Caterina works always has fresh displays in the windows.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same shortcut does not work for time. Italian does not use <em>quando<\/em> as a relative: for &#8220;the day when I was born&#8221;, say <em>il giorno in cui sono nato<\/em> or simply <em>il giorno che sono nato<\/em>, never <em>il giorno quando sono nato<\/em>. Similarly, for manner, Italian uses <em>il modo in cui<\/em>, not <em>il modo come<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task2-rel\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Fill each gap with the right italian relative pronoun.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lo scrittore ____ romanzo ha vinto il premio Strega vive a Trieste.<\/li>\n<li>Francesco non ha risposto al telefono, ____ mi preoccupa un po&#8217;.<\/li>\n<li>Non conosco bene la zona ____ stai parlando.<\/li>\n<li>____ arriva dopo le otto trova chiuso.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. il cui: possessive, romanzo is masculine singular.<\/p>\n<p>2. il che: refers to the whole previous clause.<\/p>\n<p>3. di cui: preposition required by &#8220;parlare di&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>4. Chi: single word for &#8220;anyone who&#8221;, third person singular agreement.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: all italian relative pronouns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table, the whole system. Keep it open while you write your next paragraph in Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Pronoun<\/th><th>Function<\/th><th>Variable?<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>che<\/td><td>subject or direct object<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>Il libro <em>che<\/em> ho letto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>cui<\/td><td>after a preposition<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>La persona <em>a cui<\/em> ho scritto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>il quale \/ la quale \/ i quali \/ le quali<\/td><td>formal alt. for che or cui<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td>La professoressa <em>la quale<\/em> insegna<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>il cui \/ la cui \/ i cui \/ le cui<\/td><td>possessive (whose)<\/td><td>yes<\/td><td>Lo scrittore <em>il cui<\/em> libro \u00e8 uscito<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>il che<\/td><td>refers to a whole clause<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>Ha vinto, <em>il che<\/em> \u00e8 incredibile<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>chi<\/td><td>&#8220;the one who&#8221; (people)<\/td><td>no<\/td><td><em>Chi<\/em> dorme non piglia pesci<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>dove<\/td><td>replaces <em>in cui<\/em> for places<\/td><td>no<\/td><td>La libreria <em>dove<\/em> lavoro<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three errors flag a B1 essay as written by a learner. Fixing them is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Putting an article in front of <em>cui<\/em> as if it were a possessive. Wrong: <em>la ragazza la cui ho telefonato<\/em>. Correct: <em>la ragazza a cui ho telefonato<\/em> (or <em>cui ho telefonato<\/em>). The article only appears in the possessive structure (<em>la ragazza la cui madre vive a Trieste<\/em>), never in plain prepositional uses of <em>cui<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Using <em>che<\/em> after a preposition. Wrong: <em>il libro di che ti ho parlato<\/em>. Correct: <em>il libro di cui ti ho parlato<\/em>. The moment a preposition appears, <em>che<\/em> is impossible. Switch to <em>cui<\/em> or to the variable <em>il quale<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Using <em>quando<\/em> as a relative pronoun for time. Wrong: <em>il giorno quando ti ho conosciuto<\/em>. Correct: <em>il giorno in cui ti ho conosciuto<\/em> or <em>il giorno che ti ho conosciuto<\/em>. Italian does not use <em>quando<\/em> to introduce a relative clause about time; it uses <em>che<\/em> or <em>in cui<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">A small dialogue: at Pietro&#8217;s bookshop<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-rel\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Pietro, sto cercando un romanzo del cui autore mi parl\u00f2 Caterina la settimana scorsa. Si chiama Tabucchi, credo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Tabucchi \u00e8 uno scrittore che vendo abbastanza spesso. Il libro di cui ti ha parlato Caterina probabilmente \u00e8 &#8220;Sostiene Pereira&#8221;, che \u00e8 anche il mio preferito.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Esatto, quello in cui c&#8217;\u00e8 il giornalista a Lisbona, no? Caterina mi ha detto che \u00e8 il romanzo per cui Tabucchi ha vinto il Premio Viareggio.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> S\u00ec, quello. Ho ancora due copie sullo scaffale dietro di te, dove tengo gli autori italiani contemporanei. Vuoi anche dei consigli su altri libri dello stesso periodo?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Volentieri. Chi mi sa consigliare meglio di te? Ti fidi sempre dei lettori che vengono regolarmente, no?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Certo. Allora ti suggerisco anche Antonio Pennacchi, il cui &#8220;Canale Mussolini&#8221; ha vinto lo Strega nel 2010. \u00c8 un libro che racconta la bonifica delle paludi pontine attraverso una famiglia veneta, il che secondo me \u00e8 il modo pi\u00f9 intelligente di affrontare quella storia.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Lo prendo. E quella vetrina l\u00ec, dove hai messo i libri scontati, \u00e8 nuova?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> S\u00ec, la sartoria di Caterina, che \u00e8 qui di fronte, mi ha prestato un manichino vecchio. Ora lo uso per vestire la vetrina con i libri di stagione.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the italian relative pronouns Elena and Pietro use in two minutes: <em>del cui<\/em>, <em>che<\/em>, <em>di cui<\/em>, <em>in cui<\/em>, <em>per cui<\/em>, <em>dove<\/em>, <em>chi<\/em>, <em>il cui<\/em>, <em>il che<\/em>. Nearly the whole system, deployed without effort.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-challenge-rel\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Write a 4 to 6 sentence paragraph describing the last book you read. Use at least four different italian relative pronouns: at minimum <em>che<\/em>, one <em>cui<\/em> with a preposition, one <em>il cui<\/em> possessive, and one <em>il che<\/em> referring to a whole clause.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ready to test italian relative pronouns in context? The quiz below mixes all seven forms with real sentence stems, including a few traps with possessives and prepositions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-rel\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_300\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Relative Pronouns: Che, Cui, Il Quale, Whose (B1)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F37796\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F37796\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"2f08f36169\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37796\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"your email address\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Full Name<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Your full name\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Enter password\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    I accept the <a href=\"\/eng\/terms\/\" target=\"_blank\">Terms<\/a> and <a href=\"\/eng\/privacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Policy<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continue<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continue',\n            signIn: 'Sign In',\n            createAccount: 'Create Account',\n            enterPassword: 'Enter password',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Enter your password',\n            choosePassword: 'Choose a secure password',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'Email and password are required',\n            nameRequired: 'Full name is required',\n            acceptTerms: 'Please accept Terms and Privacy Policy',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Processing...',\n            success: 'Success! Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"199\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Cloze: choose the relative pronoun<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"200\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Ricomposizione: merge two sentences with a relative pronoun<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Let&#8217;s strengthen the foundations on this topic.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>10-Lesson Package<\/strong> gives you ten focused 55-minute sessions with a native teacher, at your own pace.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">10-Lesson Package<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"10-Lesson Package\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Get the 10-Lesson Package &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Solid base. Let&#8217;s build on it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>weekly 1:1 lesson<\/strong> gives you the rhythm and the personalised feedback to turn what you know into what you say automatically.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Weekly 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Weekly 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Book a Weekly 1:1 lesson &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Great work. You&#8217;re ready for the group.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> In the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> you&#8217;ll move from solid grammar to live conversation.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! You nailed it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> Step into the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> to turn accurate Italian into fluent Italian.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choose the right Italian relative pronoun<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Pick from the three options inside the parentheses and type the one that fits the sentence.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">Example: Il dentista (cui, <strong><u>da cui<\/u><\/strong>, alla quale) vado riceve solo di mattina.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6559\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Il libro (che, cui, il quale) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(che)<\/span><\/span> Pietro mi ha consigliato parla della Resistenza italiana.<br><br><em>The book Pietro recommended to me is about the Italian Resistance.<\/em><\/li><li>La giornalista (cui, che, il quale) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(che)<\/span><\/span> ha intervistato Caterina viene da Trieste.<br><br><em>The journalist who interviewed Caterina is from Trieste.<\/em><\/li><li>La libreria (in che, in cui, alla quale) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(in cui)<\/span><\/span> lavora Pietro si trova dentro le mura di Lucca.<br><br><em>The bookshop where Pietro works is inside the walls of Lucca.<\/em><\/li><li>L'argomento (di cui, che, su cui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di cui)<\/span><\/span> parla il professore \u00e8 abbastanza tecnico.<br><br><em>The topic the professor is talking about is rather technical.<\/em><\/li><li>La ragazza (che, di cui, a cui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(a cui)<\/span><\/span> Francesco ha telefonato ieri sera non ha risposto.<br><br><em>The girl Francesco called last night did not answer.<\/em><\/li><li>Non capisco la ragione (per cui, che, alla quale) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(per cui)<\/span><\/span> Pietro non \u00e8 venuto al pranzo.<br><br><em>I don't understand the reason why Pietro didn't come to lunch.<\/em><\/li><li>Caterina ha provato sette macchine, tre (di che, delle quali, di cui le) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(delle quali)<\/span><\/span> erano gi\u00e0 vendute.<br><br><em>Caterina tried seven cars, three of which were already sold.<\/em><\/li><li>Lo scrittore (cui, di cui, il cui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il cui)<\/span><\/span> romanzo ha vinto il Premio Strega vive a Trieste.<br><br><em>The writer whose novel won the Strega Prize lives in Trieste.<\/em><\/li><li>Caterina, (la cui, la quale, di cui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(la cui)<\/span><\/span> sartoria ha aperto in primavera, \u00e8 di Lucca.<br><br><em>Caterina, whose tailor shop opened in spring, is from Lucca.<\/em><\/li><li>Francesco non ha risposto al telefono, (che, il che, il quale) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il che)<\/span><\/span> significa che \u00e8 ancora fuori citt\u00e0.<br><br><em>Francesco did not answer the phone, which means he is still out of town.<\/em><\/li><li>(Quelli che, Che, Chi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Chi)<\/span><\/span> arriva in libreria dopo le otto trova la porta gi\u00e0 chiusa.<br><br><em>Whoever arrives at the bookshop after eight finds the door already closed.<\/em><\/li><li>Il paese (dove, che, in che) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dove)<\/span><\/span> Francesco \u00e8 cresciuto si trova a pochi chilometri da Lucca.<br><br><em>The village where Francesco grew up is a few kilometres from Lucca.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 of 12. Seven-axis coverage clean: che, prep+cui, il quale, il cui, il che, chi, dove.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Quick map of the seven axes:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>che<\/strong>: subject or direct object, never after a preposition.<\/li>\n<li><strong>prep + cui<\/strong>: <em>a cui, di cui, con cui, in cui, su cui, per cui, da cui<\/em>. Simple preposition, no article.<\/li>\n<li><strong>il quale \/ la quale \/ i quali \/ le quali<\/strong>: formal alt for che or cui, agrees with antecedent. Preferred after numerals (<em>tre delle quali<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>il cui \/ la cui \/ i cui \/ le cui<\/strong>: possessive (whose). The article agrees with the thing possessed, not the possessor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>il che<\/strong>: refers to a whole previous clause, invariable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>chi<\/strong>: &#8220;the one who&#8221; \/ &#8220;anyone who&#8221;. People only, third person singular.<\/li>\n<li><strong>dove<\/strong>: replaces <em>in cui<\/em> when the antecedent is a place.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Two quick tests<\/strong>: (1) if a preposition would appear in front of the relative, <em>che<\/em> is out: use <em>cui<\/em> or the variable <em>il quale<\/em>. (2) For possession (<em>whose<\/em>), the article in front of <em>cui<\/em> matches the noun that follows, not the possessor.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Merge the two sentences using the right relative pronoun<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>You will see two short sentences that share a noun. Type the relative clause that fuses them into one sentence. Mind the preposition.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#888;\"><strong>If your keyboard does not have Italian accents<\/strong>, you can type an apostrophe instead: <code>e'<\/code> for <code>\u00e8<\/code>, <code>perche'<\/code> for <code>perch\u00e9<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">Example:<br \/><em>Abbiamo comprato una casa. + La casa \u00e8 da restaurare.<\/em><br \/>&rarr; La casa <strong><u>che abbiamo comprato<\/u><\/strong> \u00e8 da restaurare.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6560\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li><em>Abbiamo letto un romanzo. + Il romanzo parla della Resistenza italiana.<\/em><br>&rarr; Il romanzo <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"17\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(che abbiamo letto)<\/span><\/span> parla della Resistenza italiana.<br><br><em>The novel we read is about the Italian Resistance.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Pietro lavora in una libreria. + La libreria si trova in via San Paolino.<\/em><br>&rarr; La libreria <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"20\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(in cui lavora Pietro)<\/span><\/span> si trova in via San Paolino.<br><br><em>The bookshop in which Pietro works is on via San Paolino.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Francesco ha telefonato a una ragazza. + La ragazza non ha risposto.<\/em><br>&rarr; La ragazza <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"29\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(a cui Francesco ha telefonato)<\/span><\/span> non ha risposto.<br><br><em>The girl Francesco called did not answer.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Caterina \u00e8 arrivata con una vecchia macchina. + La macchina aveva la targa di Padova.<\/em><br>&rarr; La macchina <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"28\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(con cui Caterina \u00e8 arrivata, con cui Caterina e' arrivata)<\/span><\/span> aveva la targa di Padova.<br><br><em>The car Caterina arrived in had a Padova licence plate.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Lo scrittore ha vinto un premio importante. + Il suo romanzo \u00e8 uscito in primavera.<\/em><br>&rarr; Lo scrittore <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"37\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il cui romanzo \u00e8 uscito in primavera, il cui romanzo e' uscito in primavera)<\/span><\/span> ha vinto un premio importante.<br><br><em>The writer whose novel came out in spring won an important prize.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Elena \u00e8 entrata in un caff\u00e8 di Lucca. + Nel caff\u00e8 aveva conosciuto Pietro anni prima.<\/em><br>&rarr; Elena \u00e8 entrata nel caff\u00e8 di Lucca <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"28\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dove aveva conosciuto Pietro)<\/span><\/span> anni prima.<br><br><em>Elena walked into the Lucca caf\u00e9 where she had met Pietro years before.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 of 6. The fusion of two sentences into one with a relative is the foundation of Italian written prose.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Six fusions, each with its own pronoun:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>Il romanzo che abbiamo letto parla della Resistenza italiana.<\/em> Direct object: <strong>che<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><em>La libreria in cui lavora Pietro si trova in via San Paolino.<\/em> Place plus verb that takes <em>in<\/em>: <strong>in cui<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><em>La ragazza a cui Francesco ha telefonato non ha risposto.<\/em> Verb <em>telefonare a<\/em>: <strong>a cui<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><em>La macchina con cui Caterina \u00e8 arrivata aveva la targa di Padova.<\/em> Instrument: <strong>con cui<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Lo scrittore il cui romanzo \u00e8 uscito in primavera ha vinto un premio importante.<\/em> Possessive: <strong>il cui<\/strong> agrees with <em>romanzo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Elena \u00e8 entrata nel caff\u00e8 di Lucca dove aveva conosciuto Pietro anni prima.<\/em> Place: <strong>dove<\/strong>, lighter than <em>in cui<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Three-step method<\/strong>: (1) identify the shared noun in the two sentences. (2) check what role that noun plays in the second sentence: subject\/direct object &rarr; <em>che<\/em>; after a preposition &rarr; <em>prep + cui<\/em>; possessor &rarr; <em>article + cui + thing<\/em>; place &rarr; <em>dove<\/em> or <em>in cui<\/em>. (3) drop the second mention of the noun and slot the relative clause in.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_300',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 300,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"199\":12,\"200\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6559\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6559,\"catId\":199,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"che\"],[\"che\"],[\"in cui\"],[\"di cui\"],[\"a cui\"],[\"per cui\"],[\"delle quali\"],[\"il cui\"],[\"la cui\"],[\"il che\"],[\"chi\"],[\"dove\"]]},\"6560\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6560,\"catId\":200,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"che abbiamo letto\"],[\"in cui lavora pietro\"],[\"a cui francesco ha telefonato\"],[\"con cui caterina \\u00e8 arrivata\",\"con cui caterina e' arrivata\"],[\"il cui romanzo \\u00e8 uscito in primavera\",\"il cui romanzo e' uscito in primavera\"],[\"dove aveva conosciuto pietro\"]]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Five questions come up in every B1 cohort working on italian relative pronouns. The answers below draw on native usage and on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/pronomi-relativi_%28La-grammatica-italiana%29\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Treccani entry on relative pronouns<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When can I omit the preposition a before cui?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Italian allows omission of the preposition a in front of cui when the meaning is clear: la ragazza cui ho telefonato is the same as la ragazza a cui ho telefonato. Both are correct. In speech the version with a is more frequent because it sounds more transparent. With other prepositions (di, da, con, su, in, per) the preposition is mandatory.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Which is more common in spoken Italian, che or il quale?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Che dominates spoken Italian by a wide margin. Il quale and its variants live mostly in formal writing, journalism, and to avoid ambiguity when the antecedent is distant from the relative. In conversation Italians say il libro che ho letto, not il libro il quale ho letto. The variable form does become more attractive after numerals or quantifiers: ho provato tre macchine, una delle quali era guasta.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does il cui agree?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The article in front of cui agrees with the thing possessed, not the possessor. Lo scrittore il cui libro \u00e8 uscito: il agrees with libro (masculine singular), not with the writer. Caterina, la cui sartoria \u00e8 famosa: la agrees with sartoria, not with Caterina. The possessor&#8217;s gender is irrelevant. Just look at the noun that follows cui and pick the matching article.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I use quando as a relative pronoun for time?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Italian does not use quando in relative clauses. For the day when I was born, say il giorno in cui sono nato or, more colloquially, il giorno che sono nato. Quando is reserved for actual time questions and subordinate clauses (quando arrivi, telefonami). The same applies to manner: use il modo in cui, not il modo come.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between chi and quelli che?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both express the one(s) who, but chi is always third person singular and refers exclusively to people in a generic way: chi dorme non piglia pesci. Quelli che is explicitly plural and can feel more concrete: quelli che arrivano dopo le otto trovano chiuso. In a proverb or general rule, chi is the natural choice; in a specific group context, quelli che (or quelle che for females) feels right.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/tenses-italian-indicativo-mood\/\">Italian Indicativo Tenses: All 8, Explained for B1<\/a>: the natural companion guide for sentence construction.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subjunctive-tenses\/\">Italian Subjunctive Tenses<\/a>: many relative clauses introduced by chi or che require the subjunctive after expressions of doubt.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-conditional\/\">Italian Conditional<\/a>: pair italian relative pronouns with the conditional for elegant hypotheticals.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca<\/a>: institutional source for contested usage and historical evolution of italian relative pronouns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. The italian relative pronouns are the small words that link two sentences into one: che, cui, il quale, il cui, il che, chi, and dove. Italian uses them constantly, in writing and in conversation, but the choice between them follows clear rules. Once you map each pronoun to its job, the system &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Relative Pronouns: Che, Cui, Il Quale, Whose (B1)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-relative-pronouns\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Relative Pronouns: Che, Cui, Il Quale, Whose (B1)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":37831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1865],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b1","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37796"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61194,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37796\/revisions\/61194"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}