{"id":28972,"date":"2019-11-21T00:31:42","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T15:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=28972"},"modified":"2026-05-26T11:39:38","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T02:39:38","slug":"italian-cleft-sentences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-cleft-sentences\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Cleft Sentences: \u00c8 &#8230; Che for Focus and Emphasis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <strong>Italian cleft sentences<\/strong> (<em>frasi scisse<\/em>) split one plain sentence into two parts to spotlight a single element: <em>Pietro ha firmato<\/em> becomes <em>\u00c8 stato Pietro a firmare<\/em> or <em>\u00c8 Pietro che ha firmato<\/em> (&#8220;it was Pietro who signed&#8221;). The structure is <em>essere<\/em> plus the focused word plus <em>che<\/em> + verb, or <em>essere<\/em> plus the focused word plus <em>a<\/em> + infinitive for intentional actions. <em>Essere<\/em> agrees with the subject of the subordinate clause, except when a focused object pronoun like <em>me<\/em> or <em>te<\/em> forces a third-person <em>\u00e8<\/em>. There are also pseudo-clefts: <em>Quello che conta \u00e8&#8230;<\/em>, <em>C&#8217;\u00e8&#8230; che&#8230;<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Get the italian cleft sentences right and your B2 speech gains a precise emphasis tool English handles with stress alone: &#8220;it was <em>Pietro<\/em> who signed, not Elena&#8221;. By the end you will build both cleft structures, get the agreement right, and tell a cleft from a dislocation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-28972\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-28972 gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What an Italian cleft sentence is<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#why\">Why use a cleft: focusing the new information<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#eche\">The \u00e8 &#8230; che structure<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#einf\">The \u00e8 &#8230; a + infinitive variant<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#agree\">Agreement: essere and the subordinate subject<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#object\">\u00c8 me, \u00e8 te: focusing an object<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pseudo\">Pseudo-clefts: Quello che&#8230; \u00e8&#8230;, C&#8217;\u00e8&#8230; che&#8230;<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#vs\">Cleft vs dislocation vs hanging theme<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#corrective\">Corrective and stacked clefts<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian cleft sentences<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: at the editorial meeting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What an Italian cleft sentence is<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian cleft sentences take a single plain clause and cut it in two so that one element is thrown into the spotlight. Italian builds it with the copula <em>essere<\/em>: the verb introduces the highlighted, new piece of information, and a subordinate clause with <em>che<\/em> carries the part already known. <em>Pietro ha rotto il vaso<\/em> becomes the cleft <em>\u00c8 stato Pietro che ha rotto il vaso<\/em>, with all the weight on <em>Pietro<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English does this mostly with stress, or with &#8220;it is X that&#8221;. Italian prefers the structural device, which is why the italian cleft sentences feel so frequent once you start listening for them. They are the language&#8217;s main way of saying &#8220;this element, not another one&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why\">Why use a cleft: focusing the new information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The whole point of the italian cleft sentences is information structure: the copula presents the <em>dato nuovo<\/em> (the new, contrastive fact), the <em>che<\/em> clause supplies the <em>dato gi\u00e0 noto<\/em> (what the listener already has). It is contrast and correction in one move.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Era Lucia che doveva scrivermi, non Pietro.<\/em><br>It was Lucia who was supposed to write to me, not Pietro.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00c8 per questo motivo che insisto tanto.<\/em><br>It is for this reason that I insist so much.<\/li>\n<li><em>Era il vento che faceva sbattere la porta tutta la notte.<\/em><br>It was the wind that made the door bang all night.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice you can cleave almost any element: a subject (<em>era Lucia<\/em>), a cause (<em>\u00e8 per questo<\/em>), a time (<em>\u00e8 domani<\/em>), a person addressed (<em>\u00e8 a te<\/em>). That flexibility is what makes the italian cleft sentences such a sharp emphasis tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"eche\">The \u00e8 &#8230; che structure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The default pattern of the italian cleft sentences is <em>essere<\/em> + focused element + <em>che<\/em> + verb. <em>Essere<\/em> usually sits at the start, in the present, imperfect or future; the verb after <em>che<\/em> carries the tense detail.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>\u00c8<\/strong> il Barcellona <strong>che<\/strong> vincer\u00e0 la coppa.<\/em><br>It is Barcelona that will win the cup. (focus the subject)<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00c8<\/strong> a te <strong>che<\/strong> parlo, non al tuo collega.<\/em><br>It is you I am talking to, not your colleague. (focus the addressee)<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00c8<\/strong> domani <strong>che<\/strong> dobbiamo partire per Padova.<\/em><br>It is tomorrow that we have to leave for Padua. (focus the time)<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Era<\/strong> l&#8217;emozione <strong>che<\/strong> mi aveva chiuso la gola.<\/em><br>It was the excitement that had choked me. (imperfect copula, pluperfect inside)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>che<\/em> here is a pseudo-relative: it links the highlighted element back to its clause without being a true relative pronoun. This is the workhorse form of the italian cleft sentences, good for any focused part.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"einf\">The \u00e8 &#8230; a + infinitive variant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the focused element is the subject and the action is voluntary or intentional, Italian often prefers a second pattern of the italian cleft sentences: <em>essere<\/em> + subject + <em>a<\/em> + infinitive.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>\u00c8 stato<\/strong> Pietro <strong>a<\/strong> firmare il contratto, non Elena.<\/em><br>It was Pietro who signed the contract, not Elena.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Sar\u00e0<\/strong> la commissione <strong>a<\/strong> decidere il vincitore.<\/em><br>It will be the committee that decides the winner.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Sono<\/strong> io <strong>ad<\/strong> aver torto stavolta.<\/em><br>It is I who am wrong this time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a meaning filter. The <em>a + infinitive<\/em> form is dispreferred for non-volitional events: <em>\u00c8 stato l&#8217;albero a cadere<\/em> and <em>\u00c8 stato Mario a morire<\/em> sound odd, and Italians say <em>\u00c8 l&#8217;albero che \u00e8 caduto<\/em>, <em>\u00c8 Mario che \u00e8 morto<\/em> instead. So within the italian cleft sentences, choose <em>a + infinitive<\/em> for deliberate actions, <em>che + verb<\/em> for everything else.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-inf-28972\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The volition test.<\/strong> Did the subject do it on purpose? Yes: <em>\u00e8 stato Pietro a firmare<\/em> (deliberate). No, it just happened: <em>\u00e8 l&#8217;albero che \u00e8 caduto<\/em> (use <em>che<\/em>). Picking the wrong form is the most audible slip foreign speakers make with the italian cleft sentences.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"agree\">Agreement: essere and the subordinate subject<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the italian cleft sentences the copula <em>essere<\/em> agrees in person and number with the subject of the subordinate clause, not with a fixed &#8220;it&#8221; as in English.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Sono<\/strong> Caterina e Francesca <strong>che<\/strong> verranno premiate.<\/em><br>It is Caterina and Francesca who will be awarded.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Siete<\/strong> voi <strong>che<\/strong> avete proposto la modifica.<\/em><br>It is you (plural) who proposed the change.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Sei<\/strong> tu <strong>che<\/strong> avrai ragione, alla fine.<\/em><br>It is you who will be right, in the end.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So <em>sono io che<\/em>, <em>sei tu che<\/em>, <em>siamo noi che<\/em>: the verb tracks the cleaved subject. This person-and-number agreement is one of the clearest markers of the italian cleft sentences and a frequent error point for English speakers, who default to a flat &#8220;it is&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"object\">\u00c8 me, \u00e8 te: focusing an object<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One exception sharpens the agreement rule. When the focused element is a first or second person pronoun acting as an object, not a subject, the copula stays third-person singular <em>\u00e8<\/em>, and the pronoun appears in its object form.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>\u00c8 me<\/strong> che cercano, non Caterina.<\/em><br>It is me they are looking for, not Caterina. (object: \u00e8, not sono)<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00c8 te<\/strong> che volevano premiare.<\/em><br>It is you they wanted to award. (object focus)<\/li>\n<li>Compare subject focus: <em><strong>Sono io<\/strong> che ho deciso<\/em> (sono, subject), versus object <em><strong>\u00c8 me<\/strong> che hanno scelto<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the plural, even an object pronoun agrees: <em>Siete voi che cerchiamo<\/em>. So the rule for the italian cleft sentences is: subject focus agrees fully; singular object <em>me<\/em> or <em>te<\/em> takes flat <em>\u00e8<\/em>; plural agrees regardless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pseudo\">Pseudo-clefts: Quello che&#8230; \u00e8&#8230;, C&#8217;\u00e8&#8230; che&#8230;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beside the basic pattern, the italian cleft sentences have two pseudo-cleft cousins. They package the same focus differently.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Quello che \/ Chi &#8230; \u00e8 &#8230;<\/strong> <em>Quello che mi sfugge \u00e8 come tu ci sia riuscito.<\/em><br>What escapes me is how you managed it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi &#8230; \u00e8 stato &#8230;<\/strong> <em>Chi ha trovato la soluzione \u00e8 stato Matteo.<\/em><br>The one who found the solution was Matteo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C&#8217;\u00e8 &#8230; che &#8230;<\/strong> <em>C&#8217;\u00e8 un pacco che ti aspetta alla reception.<\/em><br>There is a parcel waiting for you at reception.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Quello che&#8230; \u00e8&#8230;<\/em> type fronts a free relative and balances it with <em>essere<\/em>; the <em>c&#8217;\u00e8&#8230; che&#8230;<\/em> type is the presentative pseudo-cleft. Both belong to the broader family of the italian cleft sentences and are common in careful spoken Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vs\">Cleft vs dislocation vs hanging theme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian has three emphasis devices that learners blur together. Keeping the italian cleft sentences distinct from the other two prevents most confusion.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cleft:<\/strong> <em>\u00c8 Pietro che ha firmato.<\/em> (essere + element + che, strong contrast)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dislocation:<\/strong> <em>Il contratto, l&#8217;ha firmato Pietro.<\/em> (element moved, resumed by a clitic)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hanging theme:<\/strong> <em>Il contratto, Pietro ci ha messo la firma.<\/em> (theme announced, loose link)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quick test: if you see <em>essere<\/em> introducing the focused word with a <em>che<\/em> behind it, it is one of the italian cleft sentences. If the element just moved and a clitic picks it up, it is a dislocation. The cleft is the most emphatic and the most contrastive of the three.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"corrective\">Corrective and stacked clefts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two refinements show the italian cleft sentences at full power: the corrective cleft and the stacked infinitival cleft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The corrective cleft pairs the focused element with an explicit denial of the alternative, usually with <em>non<\/em>. This is the sharpest use: you assert one thing and rule out another in a single breath.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u00c8 stato Pietro a firmare, <strong>non<\/strong> Elena.<\/em><br>It was Pietro who signed, not Elena.<\/li>\n<li><em>Era Lucia che doveva scrivermi, <strong>non<\/strong> Pietro.<\/em><br>It was Lucia who was supposed to write to me, not Pietro.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00c8 a te che parlo, <strong>non<\/strong> al tuo collega.<\/em><br>It is you I am talking to, not your colleague.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stacked cleft chains several <em>a + infinitive<\/em> phrases under one <em>essere<\/em>, attributing a whole sequence of intentional actions to the same focused subject. It is a literary, high-register feature of the italian cleft sentences.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u00c8 stato Matteo <strong>a<\/strong> trovare il guasto, <strong>a<\/strong> chiamare il tecnico e <strong>a<\/strong> restare fino a tardi.<\/em><br>It was Matteo who found the fault, called the technician and stayed late.<\/li>\n<li><em>Sar\u00e0 la direttrice <strong>a<\/strong> rivedere le bozze e <strong>a<\/strong> firmare il visto si stampi.<\/em><br>It will be the director who reviews the proofs and signs off for print.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You will meet stacked clefts in narrative and journalism more than in conversation, but recognising them keeps long sentences readable. Both refinements are still, structurally, the same italian cleft sentences: <em>essere<\/em> plus a focused element plus <em>che<\/em> or <em>a + infinitive<\/em>. Spotting the underlying skeleton under the literary surface is the skill that turns passive recognition into confident use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian cleft sentences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The whole system on one card. Keep it open while you rework a sentence for emphasis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Point<\/th><th>Rule<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Basic form<\/td><td>essere + element + che + verb<\/td><td><em>\u00e8 Pietro che firma<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Intentional subject<\/td><td>essere + subject + a + infinitive<\/td><td><em>\u00e8 stato Pietro a firmare<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Non-volitional<\/td><td>use che, not a + infinitive<\/td><td><em>\u00e8 l&#8217;albero che \u00e8 caduto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agreement<\/td><td>essere matches the subordinate subject<\/td><td><em>siete voi che \/ sono io che<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Object me \/ te<\/td><td>flat \u00e8 (singular)<\/td><td><em>\u00e8 me che cercano<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pseudo-cleft<\/td><td>Quello che&#8230; \u00e8&#8230; ; C&#8217;\u00e8&#8230; che&#8230;<\/td><td><em>quello che conta \u00e8&#8230;<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Not a cleft<\/td><td>moved element + clitic = dislocation<\/td><td><em>il libro, l&#8217;ho letto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make with italian cleft sentences<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Flat &#8220;it is&#8221; with no agreement.<\/strong> \u274c <em>\u00c8 voi che avete deciso<\/em>. \u2705 <em>Siete voi che avete deciso<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Subject pronoun for an object.<\/strong> \u274c <em>Sono io che cercano<\/em>. \u2705 <em>\u00c8 me che cercano<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A + infinitive for a non-volitional event.<\/strong> \u274c <em>\u00c8 stato l&#8217;albero a cadere<\/em>. \u2705 <em>\u00c8 l&#8217;albero che \u00e8 caduto<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dropping che.<\/strong> \u274c <em>\u00c8 Pietro ha firmato<\/em>. \u2705 <em>\u00c8 Pietro che ha firmato<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confusing cleft with dislocation.<\/strong> <em>\u00c8 il libro che ho letto<\/em> (cleft) is not <em>il libro, l&#8217;ho letto<\/em> (dislocation): different emphasis, different structure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the other main emphasis device, see our guide on the <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-hanging-theme-tema-sospeso\/\">Italian hanging theme<\/a>. For the pseudo-relative <em>che<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-relative-pronouns\/\">Italian relative pronouns<\/a>. For the <em>che<\/em> as connector, <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subordinating-conjunctions\/\">Italian subordinating conjunctions<\/a>. The institutional reference is the Accademia della Crusca note on the <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/\u00e8-da-tempo-che-non-ci-vediamo\/19176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">frase scissa<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1-28972\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Turn each plain sentence into a cleft, focusing the bold element. Read each one aloud once.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Pietro<\/strong> ha firmato il contratto.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Partiamo <strong>domani<\/strong>, non oggi.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Cercano <strong>me<\/strong>, non Caterina.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Voi<\/strong> avete proposto la modifica.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Insisto <strong>per questo motivo<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>L&#8217;albero<\/strong> \u00e8 caduto sulla recinzione.<\/em> (non volcontario)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. <em>\u00c8 stato Pietro a firmare il contratto<\/em> (intenzionale) \u00b7 2. <em>\u00c8 domani che partiamo, non oggi<\/em> \u00b7 3. <em>\u00c8 me che cercano, non Caterina<\/em> \u00b7 4. <em>Siete voi che avete proposto la modifica<\/em> \u00b7 5. <em>\u00c8 per questo motivo che insisto<\/em> \u00b7 6. <em>\u00c8 l&#8217;albero che \u00e8 caduto sulla recinzione<\/em> (non volontario, niente a + infinito)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: at the editorial meeting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caterina and Pietro review who did what before a deadline at a small publisher in Lucca. The dialog runs the italian cleft sentences across subject, time, cause and object focus.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-28972\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Aspetta, <strong>\u00e8 stato Pietro a<\/strong> consegnare le bozze, non io.<br><em>Wait, it was Pietro who handed in the proofs, not me.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Vero, ma <strong>\u00e8 a te che<\/strong> hanno chiesto l&#8217;indice, non a me.<br><em>True, but it is you they asked for the index, not me.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Lo so. <strong>\u00c8 per questo che<\/strong> sono rimasta fino a tardi ieri.<br><em>I know. That is why I stayed late yesterday.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Allora <strong>\u00e8 domani che<\/strong> chiudiamo il capitolo, non venerd\u00ec?<br><em>So it is tomorrow we close the chapter, not Friday?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Esatto. E <strong>sei tu che<\/strong> devi rivedere le note, le hai scritte tu.<br><em>Exactly. And you are the one who has to check the notes, you wrote them.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> D&#8217;accordo. Per\u00f2 <strong>\u00e8 me che<\/strong> chiameranno se c&#8217;\u00e8 un errore in stampa.<br><em>All right. But it is me they will call if there is a misprint.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> <strong>Quello che conta \u00e8<\/strong> consegnare in tempo. <strong>Sar\u00e0 la direttrice a<\/strong> decidere il resto.<br><em>What matters is delivering on time. It will be the director who decides the rest.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Giusto. E <strong>c&#8217;\u00e8 un&#8217;altra cosa che<\/strong> dobbiamo controllare: la copertina.<br><em>Right. And there is one more thing we have to check: the cover.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the structures: <em>\u00e8 stato Pietro a, \u00e8 a te che, \u00e8 per questo che, \u00e8 domani che, sei tu che, \u00e8 me che, quello che conta \u00e8, sar\u00e0 la direttrice a, c&#8217;\u00e8&#8230; che<\/em>. One meeting runs the whole repertoire of the italian cleft sentences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A quiz on the italian cleft sentences, the two structures and the agreement rules, is on its way. For now, redo the mini-challenge from memory and rebuild the cheat-sheet table.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-cl28972\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_7\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Cleft Sentences: \u00c8 &#8230; Che for Focus and Emphasis\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F28972\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F28972\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"8df399447a\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28972\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"396\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Cloze: cleft structures<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"397\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Verifica: spot the correct cleft<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> A Macerata, nelle Marche, Severina rilega libri antichi nella sua bottega, Adelmo gestisce una libreria indipendente a Recanati, Mirella corregge bozze e Gualtiero dirige una piccola scuola di restauro a Tolentino. Tra una consegna e una presentazione, la cleft sentence aiuta a mettere a fuoco chi ha fatto cosa.<\/p>\n<p><em>Setting (EN). In Macerata, the Marche region, Severina binds antique books in her workshop, Adelmo runs an independent bookshop in Recanati, Mirella proofreads texts and Gualtiero directs a small restoration school in Tolentino. Between deliveries and presentations, the cleft sentence helps spotlight who did what.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Keyboard note.<\/strong> If your keyboard does not have Italian accents, you can type an apostrophe instead: <code>e'<\/code> for <code>\u00e8<\/code>, <code>sara'<\/code> for <code>sar\u00e0<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Complete each cleft sentence<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Type the form between the parentheses that follows the cleft rule (essere + element + che \/ a + infinitive). Mind the agreement and the object\/subject distinction.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6942\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>In bottega Severina ha guardato Adelmo e ha detto: \u00ab(Sono, \u00c8, Era) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8, e')<\/span><\/span> stato Gualtiero che ha scelto la copertina, non io\u00bb.<br><br><em>In the workshop, Severina looked at Adelmo and said: It was Gualtiero who chose the cover, not me.<\/em><\/li><li>Mirella ha precisato che (sar\u00e0, era, \u00e8) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8, e')<\/span><\/span> per questo motivo che il restauro \u00e8 durato due settimane in pi\u00f9.<br><br><em>Mirella clarified that it is for this reason that the restoration took two extra weeks.<\/em><\/li><li>Alla libreria di Recanati (\u00e8, era, sar\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8, e')<\/span><\/span> stato Adelmo a riordinare lo scaffale di filosofia prima dell'apertura.<br><br><em>At the bookshop in Recanati, it was Adelmo who tidied the philosophy shelf before opening.<\/em><\/li><li>Per la presentazione di sabato (\u00e8, sar\u00e0, \u00e8 stato) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sar\u00e0, sara')<\/span><\/span> Gualtiero a tenere il discorso di apertura.<br><br><em>For Saturday's presentation, it will be Gualtiero who gives the opening speech.<\/em><\/li><li>Una mattina, sopra la bottega, (\u00e8 stato il soffitto a, \u00e8 il soffitto che, \u00e8 il soffitto a) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"18\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 il soffitto che, e' il soffitto che)<\/span><\/span> ha iniziato a perdere acqua dopo il temporale.<br><br><em>One morning, above the workshop, it was the ceiling that started leaking water after the storm.<\/em><\/li><li>Per il restauro del messale antico (\u00e8 Severina a, \u00e8 stata Severina che ha, \u00e8 stata Severina a) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"19\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 stata Severina a, e' stata Severina a)<\/span><\/span> curare ogni dettaglio della cucitura.<br><br><em>For the restoration of the antique missal, it was Severina who took care of every detail of the binding.<\/em><\/li><li>Davanti al pubblico Gualtiero ha riconosciuto: \u00ab(\u00c8, Era, Sono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Sono)<\/span><\/span> Severina e Mirella che hanno salvato il manoscritto del Cinquecento\u00bb.<br><br><em>In front of the audience, Gualtiero acknowledged: It is Severina and Mirella who saved the sixteenth-century manuscript.<\/em><\/li><li>Alla cena della scuola di restauro Severina si \u00e8 rivolta agli allievi: \u00ab(Siete, \u00c8, Sono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Siete)<\/span><\/span> voi che porterete avanti il mestiere\u00bb.<br><br><em>At the restoration school dinner, Severina addressed the students: It is you who will carry the craft forward.<\/em><\/li><li>Quando il telefono ha squillato, Adelmo ha alzato gli occhi e ha detto: \u00ab(Sono, \u00c8 stato, \u00c8) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00c8, E')<\/span><\/span> me che cercano, non Severina\u00bb.<br><br><em>When the phone rang, Adelmo looked up and said: It is me they are looking for, not Severina.<\/em><\/li><li>Alla fine della presentazione in libreria Gualtiero ha concluso: \u00ab(Chi, Quello, Quale) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Quello)<\/span><\/span> che conta davvero \u00e8 consegnare il volume restaurato entro venerd\u00ec\u00bb.<br><br><em>At the end of the bookshop presentation, Gualtiero concluded: What really matters is delivering the restored volume by Friday.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>10 out of 10. You have the cleft architecture under control.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review the five axes of the italian cleft sentences:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>Basic \u00e8\/era + element + che + verb<\/strong>: focus subject, time, cause, addressee.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c8 stato\/sar\u00e0 + subject + a + infinitive<\/strong>: only for volitional actions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Non-volitional events<\/strong>: always <em>che + verb<\/em>, never <em>a + infinito<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agreement<\/strong>: <em>essere<\/em> matches the subordinate subject (<em>sono io che, siete voi che, sono X e Y che<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Object focus singular<\/strong>: <em>\u00e8 me che, \u00e8 te che<\/em> (flat \u00e8). Pseudo-cleft: <em>Quello che&#8230; \u00e8&#8230;<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Test before you type.<\/strong> Subject in focus &rarr; agree <em>essere<\/em>. Object pronoun <em>me\/te<\/em> singular &rarr; flat <em>\u00e8<\/em>. Did the subject act on purpose? Yes &rarr; <em>a + infinitive<\/em> works; no &rarr; use <em>che + verb<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct cleft<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>In each group of three, only one sentence respects the cleft rule. Select the correct one. The other two reproduce the five mistakes English speakers make.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6943\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> \u00c8 voi che avete proposto la modifica al calendario delle presentazioni.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Siete voi che avete proposto la modifica al calendario delle presentazioni.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> \u00c8 stato voi a proporre la modifica al calendario delle presentazioni.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Sono io che cercano in bottega, non Severina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Sono me che cercano in bottega, non Severina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> \u00c8 me che cercano in bottega, non Severina.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> \u00c8 l'albero del cortile che \u00e8 caduto sul tetto della libreria.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> \u00c8 stato l'albero del cortile a cadere sul tetto della libreria.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> \u00c8 l'albero del cortile a essere caduto sul tetto della libreria.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> \u00c8 Adelmo ha firmato il contratto con la casa editrice di Macerata.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> \u00c8 Adelmo che ha firmato il contratto con la casa editrice di Macerata.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> \u00c8 Adelmo a ha firmato il contratto con la casa editrice di Macerata.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Il libro restaurato, Gualtiero che lo ha mostrato al pubblico ieri sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Il libro restaurato lo ha mostrato Gualtiero che al pubblico ieri sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_7_6943\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> \u00c8 il libro restaurato che Gualtiero ha mostrato al pubblico ieri sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>5 out of 5. You spotted every trap.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The five recurring traps of the italian cleft sentences:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>Flat \u00e8 with a plural subject<\/strong>: \u274c <em>\u00e8 voi che avete proposto<\/em> &rarr; \u2705 <em>siete voi che avete proposto<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Subject pronoun for an object<\/strong>: \u274c <em>sono io che cercano<\/em> &rarr; \u2705 <em>\u00e8 me che cercano<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A + infinitive for non-volitional events<\/strong>: \u274c <em>\u00e8 stato l&#8217;albero a cadere<\/em> &rarr; \u2705 <em>\u00e8 l&#8217;albero che \u00e8 caduto<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dropping che<\/strong>: \u274c <em>\u00e8 Adelmo ha firmato<\/em> &rarr; \u2705 <em>\u00e8 Adelmo che ha firmato<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cleft confused with dislocation<\/strong>: cleft = <em>\u00e8 il libro che ho letto<\/em> (essere + element + che); dislocation = <em>il libro, l&#8217;ho letto<\/em> (moved element + clitic resumption). Different structure, different emphasis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Quick checklist for each trio: (a) does <em>essere<\/em> agree with the subordinate subject? (b) is the focused word an object pronoun singular &rarr; flat <em>\u00e8<\/em>? (c) is the event volitional &rarr; <em>a + inf<\/em> allowed, else <em>che + verbo<\/em>? (d) is <em>che<\/em> there? (e) is it a cleft (essere + element + che) or a dislocation (moved element + clitic)?<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_7',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 7,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 15,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"396\":10,\"397\":5},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6942\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6942,\"catId\":396,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"\\u00e8\",\"e'\"],[\"\\u00e8\",\"e'\"],[\"\\u00e8\",\"e'\"],[\"sar\\u00e0\",\"sara'\"],[\"\\u00e8 il soffitto che\",\"e' il soffitto che\"],[\"\\u00e8 stata severina a\",\"e' stata severina a\"],[\"sono\"],[\"siete\"],[\"\\u00e8\",\"e'\"],[\"quello\"]]},\"6943\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6943,\"catId\":397,\"points\":[0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1],\"correct\":[0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seven questions about the italian cleft sentences come up in every B2 cohort. The answers draw on classroom usage and on the Accademia della Crusca note on the <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/\u00e8-da-tempo-che-non-ci-vediamo\/19176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">frase scissa<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-cl-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is an Italian cleft sentence?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A cleft sentence splits one plain clause in two to spotlight a single element. Italian uses the copula essere plus the focused word plus che + verb, or essere plus the subject plus a + infinitive. Pietro ha firmato becomes \u00e8 stato Pietro a firmare or \u00e8 Pietro che ha firmato. The structure is called frase scissa.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cl-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why do Italians use cleft sentences?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For information structure and contrast. The copula presents the new, emphasised fact (dato nuovo) and the che clause carries what is already known (dato noto). It is the main way Italian says this element, not another one, where English would just stress a word: era Lucia che doveva scrivermi, non Pietro.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cl-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use a + infinitive instead of che + verb?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Use essere + subject + a + infinitive when the focused subject did something voluntary or intentional: \u00e8 stato Pietro a firmare, sar\u00e0 la commissione a decidere. For non-volitional events use che + verb: \u00e8 l&#8217;albero che \u00e8 caduto, \u00e8 Mario che \u00e8 morto. \u00c8 stato l&#8217;albero a cadere sounds odd.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cl-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does essere agree with the focused element?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Essere agrees in person and number with the subject of the subordinate clause: sono Caterina e Francesca che, siete voi che, sei tu che, sono io che. This is different from the flat English it is and is a frequent error point for English speakers.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cl-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is it \u00e8 me che and not sono io che?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because there the pronoun is the object, not the subject. With a focused first or second person object pronoun in the singular, the copula stays third-person \u00e8 and the pronoun is in object form: \u00e8 me che cercano, \u00e8 te che volevano. In the plural it still agrees: siete voi che cerchiamo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cl-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is a pseudo-cleft sentence?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A variant that packages the same focus differently. The Quello che&#8230; \u00e8&#8230; type fronts a free relative: quello che mi sfugge \u00e8 come tu ci sia riuscito. The Chi&#8230; \u00e8 stato&#8230; type works similarly. The c&#8217;\u00e8&#8230; che&#8230; type is presentative: c&#8217;\u00e8 un pacco che ti aspetta. All belong to the cleft family.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-cl-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between a cleft and a dislocation?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A cleft uses essere to introduce the focused element with a che behind it: \u00e8 Pietro che ha firmato. A dislocation just moves the element and resumes it with a clitic: il contratto, l&#8217;ha firmato Pietro. The cleft is the most emphatic and contrastive of the Italian emphasis devices.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that pair with the italian cleft sentences, plus an institutional reference.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-hanging-theme-tema-sospeso\/\">Italian Hanging Theme<\/a>: the other main emphasis device.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-relative-pronouns\/\">Italian Relative Pronouns<\/a>: the pseudo-relative che inside clefts.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subordinating-conjunctions\/\">Italian Subordinating Conjunctions<\/a>: che as connector versus relative.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/\u00e8-da-tempo-che-non-ci-vediamo\/19176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: la frase scissa<\/a>: institutional note.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian cleft sentences (frasi scisse) split one plain sentence into two parts to spotlight a single element: Pietro ha firmato becomes \u00c8 stato Pietro a firmare or \u00c8 Pietro che ha firmato (&#8220;it was Pietro who signed&#8221;). The structure is essere plus the focused word plus che + verb, or essere plus &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Cleft Sentences: \u00c8 &#8230; Che for Focus and Emphasis\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-cleft-sentences\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Cleft Sentences: \u00c8 &#8230; Che for Focus and Emphasis\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1866],"tags":[1356,1358,1357,1354,1355],"class_list":["post-28972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b2","tag-dislocazione","tag-dislocazione-a-destra","tag-dislocazione-a-sinistra","tag-frasi-scisse","tag-sintassi","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28972"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61053,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28972\/revisions\/61053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}