{"id":28145,"date":"2019-10-23T00:11:08","date_gmt":"2019-10-22T15:11:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=28145"},"modified":"2026-05-27T00:48:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T15:48:13","slug":"italian-passive-voice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-passive-voice\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Passive Voice: Essere, Venire, Andare and the SI Passivante"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> The <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> has three auxiliaries, not one. <em>Essere<\/em> + past participle is the workhorse, available in every tense (<em>il dipinto \u00e8 stato restaurato dal museo<\/em>). <em>Venire<\/em> + past participle is the dynamic alternative, limited to simple tenses, common in regulations, procedures and habitual processes (<em>la mostra viene inaugurata domani<\/em>). <em>Andare<\/em> + past participle carries a deontic punch, equivalent to <em>deve essere<\/em>, also restricted to simple tenses (<em>il modulo va presentato entro venerd\u00ec<\/em>). On top of these, the <em>si passivante<\/em> hides the agent altogether (<em>si vendono libri usati<\/em>). This B2 guide untangles when each auxiliary is allowed, what register it carries, and the traps that English speakers stumble into.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-pv\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#one-liner\">The one-liner rule for the italian passive voice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#essere\">Essere + past participle: the workhorse<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#agreement\">Italian passive voice: agreement and the agent with da<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#venire\">Venire + past participle: the dynamic auxiliary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#andare\">Andare + past participle: obligation and lexicalised loss<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#si-passivante\">Si passivante: hiding the agent<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#restrictions\">Italian passive voice restrictions: only transitive verbs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Italian passive voice cheat sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#traps\">Italian passive voice: five traps for English speakers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">Italian passive voice in dialogue: a museum exhibition in Lucca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mini-challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"one-liner\">The one-liner rule for the italian passive voice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> turns the object of an active sentence into the subject of a new one, and lets you push the agent into the background or remove it altogether. The choice of auxiliary is not just stylistic. <em>Essere<\/em> is neutral and works in any tense, <em>venire<\/em> highlights the action as it unfolds and only fits simple tenses, <em>andare<\/em> adds a duty colour or sticks to a handful of verbs of loss. The <em>si passivante<\/em> is the fourth option, an agentless construction that natives reach for constantly. Pick the auxiliary that matches the meaning, respect the tense restrictions, make the past participle agree, and you are already past the most common pitfalls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"essere\">Essere + past participle: the workhorse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The default form of the <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> is <em>essere<\/em> + past participle. This pairing is available in every tense an Italian verb has, with the single exception of the trapassato remoto. It is the neutral, all-purpose option: when a textbook says &#8220;the passive&#8221;, this is the structure it usually means. The subject of the new sentence is the entity undergoing the action, the past participle agrees with that subject in gender and number, and the agent, if expressed, is introduced by <em>da<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il dipinto \u00e8 stato restaurato dal museo.<br><em>The painting has been restored by the museum.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le sale sono state riallestite per la nuova mostra.<br><em>The rooms have been redesigned for the new exhibition.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il manoscritto fu catalogato nel 1923 dalla Biblioteca Nazionale.<br><em>The manuscript was catalogued in 1923 by the National Library.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Quel romanzo \u00e8 stato tradotto in dodici lingue.<br><em>That novel has been translated into twelve languages.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le iscrizioni saranno raccolte entro il quindici settembre.<br><em>The registrations will be collected by September fifteenth.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice that the same structure works in present (<em>\u00e8 restaurato<\/em>), passato prossimo (<em>\u00e8 stato restaurato<\/em>), imperfect (<em>era restaurato<\/em>), passato remoto (<em>fu restaurato<\/em>), future (<em>sar\u00e0 restaurato<\/em>), conditional (<em>sarebbe restaurato<\/em>), and subjunctive (<em>che sia restaurato<\/em>). The full tense palette of the italian passive voice is on display here, in a way that <em>venire<\/em> and <em>andare<\/em> simply cannot match. The only forbidden combination is the trapassato remoto: <em>*dopo che furono stati visti<\/em> does not exist, you drop the <em>stati<\/em> and use the simple form (<em>dopo che furono visti<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One detail worth remembering about this corner of the italian passive voice. With <em>essere<\/em>, the result-versus-action ambiguity is real. <em>La porta \u00e8 aperta<\/em> can mean &#8220;the door is open&#8221; (a state) or &#8220;the door is being opened \/ gets opened&#8221; (an action). Context usually resolves it, but if you want to lock the dynamic reading, Italian switches to <em>venire<\/em>. We will return to that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"agreement\">Italian passive voice: agreement and the agent with da<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two micro-rules govern every passive in the <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> system: the past participle agrees, and the agent takes <em>da<\/em>. Both feel obvious once seen, both cause hesitation under pressure. Agreement is with the grammatical subject of the passive sentence, which used to be the direct object in the active version. Singular masculine, feminine, plural masculine, plural feminine: four endings to track.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il volume \u00e8 stato pubblicato.<br><em>The volume has been published.<\/em> (m.sg.)<\/li>\n<li>La mostra \u00e8 stata inaugurata.<br><em>The exhibition has been opened.<\/em> (f.sg.)<\/li>\n<li>I cataloghi sono stati distribuiti.<br><em>The catalogues have been distributed.<\/em> (m.pl.)<\/li>\n<li>Le opere sono state restaurate.<br><em>The works have been restored.<\/em> (f.pl.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the agent in the italian passive voice, the preposition is always <em>da<\/em>, never <em>con<\/em>. The latter introduces the instrument used, not the doer of the action. A useful pair: <em>il restauro \u00e8 stato eseguito dai tecnici con strumenti molto delicati<\/em>, that is &#8220;the restoration was carried out by the technicians with very delicate tools&#8221;. <em>Dai tecnici<\/em> = agent. <em>Con strumenti delicati<\/em> = instrument. Mixing them up is a typical B1 fossil you want to drop at B2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A more formal variant exists: <em>da parte di<\/em>. It marks an agent in contrast with another, or one whose role is being underlined. Civic registers love it. <em>Da parte della Soprintendenza \u00e8 stata richiesta una verifica.<\/em> &#8220;A check was requested by the Soprintendenza.&#8221; It sounds bureaucratic, which is often exactly the point.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-pv-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task.<\/strong> Turn each active sentence into a passive with <em>essere<\/em>, making the past participle agree.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il museo ha restaurato la pala d&#8217;altare.<\/li>\n<li>La biblioteca ha catalogato cinquemila manoscritti.<\/li>\n<li>I tecnici hanno installato le nuove vetrine.<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;archivio comunale ha digitalizzato le fotografie storiche.<\/li>\n<li>La traduttrice ha tradotto due romanzi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. La pala d&#8217;altare <strong>\u00e8 stata restaurata<\/strong> dal museo.<\/p>\n<p>2. Cinquemila manoscritti <strong>sono stati catalogati<\/strong> dalla biblioteca.<\/p>\n<p>3. Le nuove vetrine <strong>sono state installate<\/strong> dai tecnici.<\/p>\n<p>4. Le fotografie storiche <strong>sono state digitalizzate<\/strong> dall&#8217;archivio comunale.<\/p>\n<p>5. Due romanzi <strong>sono stati tradotti<\/strong> dalla traduttrice.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"venire\">Venire + past participle: the dynamic auxiliary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second auxiliary of the <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> is <em>venire<\/em>. It does the same job as <em>essere<\/em>, but with one important nuance: it locks the dynamic reading. <em>Venire<\/em> + past participle says &#8220;an action is being carried out&#8221;, &#8220;a process is unfolding&#8221;, &#8220;this happens regularly&#8221;. It is the auxiliary of procedures, regulations, recurring habits and instructions, exactly the register you read on a museum notice or in a civic handbook.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La nuova mostra viene inaugurata domani alle diciotto.<br><em>The new exhibition is being opened tomorrow at six.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I manoscritti vengono digitalizzati uno alla volta.<br><em>The manuscripts are being digitised one at a time.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ogni autunno la grande pala viene spostata nel laboratorio di restauro.<br><em>Every autumn the large altarpiece is moved to the restoration workshop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le iscrizioni venivano raccolte in archivio fino agli anni Settanta.<br><em>The registrations used to be collected in the archive until the seventies.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Nel 1718 a Lucca venne aperta la prima biblioteca pubblica.<br><em>In 1718 the first public library was opened in Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tense restrictions are the part that catches learners off guard. <em>Venire<\/em> as a passive auxiliary works only in <strong>simple tenses<\/strong>: present (<em>viene restaurato<\/em>), imperfect (<em>veniva restaurato<\/em>), future (<em>verr\u00e0 restaurato<\/em>), conditional (<em>verrebbe restaurato<\/em>), passato remoto (<em>venne restaurato<\/em>), and the corresponding subjunctives. It does <strong>not<\/strong> work in compound tenses. <em>*\u00e8 venuto restaurato<\/em>, <em>*era venuto restaurato<\/em>, <em>*sar\u00e0 venuto restaurato<\/em> are all impossible. When you need the passato prossimo, the pluperfect or the future perfect, you must fall back on <em>essere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The agent slot inside this branch of the italian passive voice behaves the same way as with <em>essere<\/em>: it is introduced by <em>da<\/em> when expressed, and is often left implicit when the doer is generic or institutional. <em>I documenti vengono firmati dal direttore<\/em> or simply <em>i documenti vengono firmati<\/em>. Both are fine; the first names the responsible party, the second focuses on the procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One more nuance. In the passato remoto, the difference between <em>fu<\/em> and <em>venne<\/em> is genuinely felt. <em>Il volume fu pubblicato nel 1956<\/em> states a historical fact. <em>Il volume venne pubblicato nel 1956<\/em> highlights the act of publication, the moment something started circulating. Translators reach for <em>venne<\/em> when they want to dramatise; chroniclers prefer <em>fu<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"andare\">Andare + past participle: obligation and lexicalised loss<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The third auxiliary of the <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> is <em>andare<\/em>, and it has two distinct lives. The first is deontic: <em>andare<\/em> + past participle is equivalent to <em>dover essere<\/em> + past participle, meaning &#8220;must be done&#8221;, &#8220;ought to be done&#8221;, &#8220;is to be done&#8221;. It is the auxiliary of civic notices, instruction sheets, recipes, regulations and any context that prescribes a procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il modulo va presentato entro venerd\u00ec alle dodici.<br><em>The form must be submitted by Friday at noon.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le iscrizioni vanno inviate per posta elettronica.<br><em>Registrations are to be sent by email.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le regole della biblioteca vanno rispettate da tutti.<br><em>The library rules must be respected by everyone.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I libri presi in prestito vanno restituiti entro tre settimane.<br><em>Borrowed books must be returned within three weeks.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Le opere fragili vanno spostate con cura.<br><em>Fragile works must be moved with care.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same tense restriction as <em>venire<\/em> applies to this slice of the italian passive voice, with an extra exclusion: deontic <em>andare<\/em> works in simple tenses except the passato remoto, and it cannot take its own compound forms. <em>Va presentato<\/em>, <em>andava presentato<\/em>, <em>andr\u00e0 presentato<\/em>, <em>andrebbe presentato<\/em>: all fine. <em>*\u00e8 andato presentato<\/em>, <em>*and\u00f2 presentato<\/em>: both ungrammatical. The conditional <em>andrebbe<\/em> simply softens the obligation: <em>il modulo andrebbe presentato entro venerd\u00ec<\/em> = &#8220;the form should be submitted by Friday&#8221; (less peremptory than <em>va presentato<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In colloquial Italian, the imperfect of <em>andare<\/em> + past participle expresses a missed obligation in the past: <em>queste cose andavano dette subito<\/em> means &#8220;these things should have been said at once&#8221;. The conditional form is also extremely common in newspaper-style prose: <em>andrebbe sottolineato che\u2026<\/em> &#8220;it should be stressed that\u2026&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second life of <em>andare<\/em> as a passive auxiliary is narrower and lexicalised. With a small group of past participles meaning loss, destruction or disappearance (<em>perso<\/em>, <em>smarrito<\/em>, <em>distrutto<\/em>, <em>disperso<\/em>, <em>dimenticato<\/em>, <em>deluso<\/em>, <em>speso<\/em>), <em>andare<\/em> simply replaces <em>essere<\/em>, without any obligation flavour. The agent is never expressed. The English equivalent is often &#8220;get + adjective&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L&#8217;assegno \u00e8 andato perso fra le carte dello studio notarile.<br><em>The cheque got lost among the papers of the notary&#8217;s office.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Nel 1966 a Firenze andarono distrutte molte opere d&#8217;arte.<br><em>In 1966 in Florence many works of art were destroyed.<\/em> (historic flood)<\/li>\n<li>Il manoscritto \u00e8 andato smarrito durante il trasloco dell&#8217;archivio.<br><em>The manuscript got lost during the archive&#8217;s move.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Quei fondi sono andati spesi senza un vero criterio.<br><em>Those funds were spent without any real rationale.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two cues distinguish the two uses of <em>andare<\/em> within the italian passive voice. In the deontic case, the meaning is <em>dover essere<\/em>, the verb is open to any transitive past participle, and the agent can be added with <em>da<\/em>. In the lexicalised case, the meaning is &#8220;get + lost \/ destroyed \/ forgotten&#8221;, the participle comes from a closed list, and the agent is never expressed. If you can swap in <em>deve essere<\/em>, you are looking at the deontic <em>andare<\/em>; if you cannot, you are dealing with the lexicalised one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"si-passivante\">Si passivante: hiding the agent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fourth strategy of the <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> is the <em>si passivante<\/em>, a passive built without any of the three auxiliaries. It uses the clitic <em>si<\/em> + a third-person transitive verb, and treats the would-be direct object as the grammatical subject. The verb agrees in number. The agent is almost always left implicit (it is understood to be human and generic).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nel laboratorio si restaurano dipinti antichi.<br><em>In the workshop antique paintings are restored.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Si vendono libri usati al banco accanto all&#8217;ingresso.<br><em>Second-hand books are sold at the counter next to the entrance.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>In archivio si conservano documenti del Quattrocento.<br><em>Documents from the fifteenth century are kept in the archive.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Si cercano volontari per la prossima campagna di catalogazione.<br><em>Volunteers are sought for the next cataloguing campaign.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>In biblioteca non si parla a voce alta.<br><em>In the library one does not speak in a loud voice.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agreement is the most-watched detail in this strategy of the italian passive voice. If the would-be object is plural, the verb is plural: <em>si restaurano dipinti<\/em>, not <em>si restaura dipinti<\/em>. If it is singular, the verb is singular: <em>si restaura il dipinto<\/em>. This number agreement is the cleanest test that separates the <em>si passivante<\/em> (passive value) from the <em>si impersonale<\/em> (impersonal value, always singular, used with intransitive verbs and treated in a separate guide).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>si passivante<\/em> is at home in shop signs, notices, instructions, advertisements and any context where the doer of the action is generic, irrelevant, or simply not worth naming. <em>Si affitta appartamento<\/em>. <em>Si parla inglese<\/em>. <em>Si accettano carte di credito<\/em>. The construction has its own deeper machinery (compound tenses with <em>essere<\/em>, agreement of the past participle, behaviour with modal verbs), and we cover those at C1 in a separate guide linked at the end of this article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"restrictions\">Italian passive voice restrictions: only transitive verbs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The hard limit of the <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> is transitivity. Only verbs that take a direct object can be turned passive, in any of the four shapes seen above. Verbs that take an indirect object with <em>a<\/em> cannot be passivised, even when their English equivalents can. <em>Telefonare a qualcuno<\/em>, <em>rispondere a qualcuno<\/em>, <em>ubbidire a qualcuno<\/em> have no passive version in Italian. You cannot say <em>*il professore \u00e8 stato ubbidito dai ragazzi<\/em>; you must rephrase, often with a left-dislocated indirect object or with the <em>si passivante<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Active: I ragazzi hanno ubbidito al professore. <em>The boys obeyed the teacher.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Passive (impossible): *Il professore \u00e8 stato ubbidito dai ragazzi.<\/li>\n<li>Workaround: Al professore i ragazzi hanno ubbidito (left-dislocation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another classic case is the indirect-object construction with <em>promettere<\/em> or <em>offrire<\/em>. In English you can say &#8220;the student was promised a book&#8221;; in the italian passive voice the indirect object <em>allo studente<\/em> cannot become the subject of a passive. The book, the direct object, is the only candidate. <em>Il libro fu promesso allo studente<\/em> is the standard solution. Forcing <em>*lo studente fu promesso il libro<\/em> is ungrammatical, no matter how natural the calque feels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Italian passive voice cheat sheet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Form<\/th><th>Tense scope<\/th><th>Nuance<\/th><th>Agent with <em>da<\/em>?<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><em>essere<\/em> + p.p.<\/td><td>all tenses except trapassato remoto<\/td><td>neutral, default<\/td><td>yes<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><em>venire<\/em> + p.p.<\/td><td>simple tenses only<\/td><td>dynamic, action in progress, procedural<\/td><td>yes<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><em>andare<\/em> + p.p. (deontic)<\/td><td>simple tenses except passato remoto<\/td><td>obligation = <em>dover essere<\/em><\/td><td>yes<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><em>andare<\/em> + p.p. (lexicalised loss)<\/td><td>simple and compound tenses<\/td><td>&#8220;get lost \/ destroyed \/ forgotten&#8221;; closed list<\/td><td>no<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><em>si<\/em> passivante<\/td><td>simple and compound (essere aux)<\/td><td>agent hidden, often generic<\/td><td>rare (da parte di)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"traps\">Italian passive voice: five traps for English speakers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>italian passive voice<\/strong> trips English speakers in a handful of recurring spots. Most of them come from over-applying the English passive to Italian without checking the auxiliary&#8217;s tense scope or the verb&#8217;s transitivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Using <em>venire<\/em> in a compound tense.<\/strong> English &#8220;has been opened&#8221; is a passato prossimo. The instinct is to write <em>*\u00e8 venuta aperta<\/em>. Wrong: in the italian passive voice, <em>venire<\/em> lives only in simple tenses. The correct form is <em>\u00e8 stata aperta<\/em>. Reserve <em>viene aperta<\/em> for the present, <em>verr\u00e0 aperta<\/em> for the future, <em>veniva aperta<\/em> for the imperfect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Forgetting the agent preposition.<\/strong> English uses &#8220;by&#8221;. Italian uses <em>da<\/em>, not <em>con<\/em>. <em>Il restauro \u00e8 stato eseguito da tecnici esperti con strumenti specifici<\/em>. <em>Dai tecnici<\/em> answers &#8220;by whom?&#8221;, <em>con strumenti<\/em> answers &#8220;with what?&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Passivising an indirect object.<\/strong> Tempting English structures like &#8220;the student was given a book&#8221; do not survive translation. In the italian passive voice only the direct object can be the subject of a passive verb. <em>Allo studente \u00e8 stato dato un libro<\/em> works; <em>*lo studente \u00e8 stato dato un libro<\/em> does not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Mixing deontic <em>andare<\/em> with the wrong tense.<\/strong> If you mean &#8220;must be submitted&#8221;, you need a simple tense: <em>va presentato<\/em>, <em>andava presentato<\/em>, <em>andrebbe presentato<\/em>. The compound <em>*\u00e8 andato presentato<\/em> and the passato remoto <em>*and\u00f2 presentato<\/em> do not exist in this construction. For the past, switch to <em>doveva essere presentato<\/em> or just <em>\u00e8 stato presentato<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Treating the <em>si passivante<\/em> as always singular.<\/strong> The verb agrees with the noun. If the noun is plural, the verb is plural: <em>si restaurano dipinti<\/em>, <em>si vendono libri<\/em>, <em>si cercano volontari<\/em>. A singular verb with a plural noun is the impersonal pattern, which belongs to intransitive verbs (and you can read about it in the dedicated B1 guide below). The italian passive voice keeps these two close but separate, and a B2 student is expected to feel the difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">Italian passive voice in dialogue: a museum exhibition in Lucca<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dlg-pv\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Caterina, conservation curator at Palazzo Mansi in Lucca, walks Federica, a visitor and amateur historian, through a newly opened room of restored paintings.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Benvenuta. Questa sala \u00e8 stata aperta solo la settimana scorsa.<br><em>Welcome. This room was opened only last week.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Federica:<\/strong> Bellissima. Le pale sono state restaurate tutte qui?<br><em>It&#8217;s lovely. Were the altarpieces all restored here?<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> S\u00ec, vengono restaurate nel laboratorio al piano terra. Una alla volta, perch\u00e9 ogni intervento dura mesi.<br><em>Yes, they get restored in the workshop on the ground floor. One at a time, because each intervention takes months.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Federica:<\/strong> E questi cartigli accanto alle opere?<br><em>And these labels next to the works?<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Vengono aggiornati ogni due anni. Le informazioni vanno controllate con l&#8217;archivio storico prima della stampa.<br><em>They get updated every two years. The information has to be checked against the historical archive before printing.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Federica:<\/strong> Ho letto che un dipinto era andato perso negli anni Settanta.<br><em>I read that a painting had gotten lost in the seventies.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> S\u00ec, una tavola minore. \u00c8 stata ritrovata in un deposito comunale due anni fa e adesso si restaura proprio qui dietro.<br><em>Yes, a minor panel. It was found in a municipal storehouse two years ago and now it&#8217;s being restored right behind here.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Federica:<\/strong> Posso vedere il laboratorio?<br><em>Can I see the workshop?<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Le visite vanno prenotate con una settimana di anticipo. Per\u00f2 oggi possiamo fare uno strappo: la porta viene aperta solo per gli specialisti, ma con la guida si entra senza problemi.<br><em>Visits have to be booked a week in advance. But today we can bend the rules: the door is only opened for specialists, but with a guide one gets in without trouble.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Federica:<\/strong> Magnifico. E quel manoscritto in vetrina?<br><em>Wonderful. And that manuscript in the display case?<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> \u00c8 stato catalogato l&#8217;anno scorso dalla Biblioteca Statale. Verr\u00e0 digitalizzato entro la primavera, cos\u00ec potr\u00e0 essere consultato online.<br><em>It was catalogued last year by the State Library. It will be digitised by spring, so it can be consulted online.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Federica:<\/strong> E le iscrizioni alle visite guidate?<br><em>And the registrations for the guided tours?<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Vanno inviate per posta elettronica al nostro ufficio. Vengono confermate il giorno stesso.<br><em>They have to be sent by email to our office. They get confirmed the same day.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mini-challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-pv-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Choose between <em>essere<\/em>, <em>venire<\/em>, <em>andare<\/em>, or the <em>si passivante<\/em> for each sentence. More than one option may be acceptable; pick the most idiomatic.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il modulo per la visita (\u00e8 \/ viene \/ va) presentato entro venerd\u00ec.<\/li>\n<li>Quel romanzo (\u00e8 \/ viene \/ va) stato tradotto in dodici lingue l&#8217;anno scorso.<\/li>\n<li>Nel laboratorio (sono \/ vengono \/ vanno) restaurati dipinti del Seicento.<\/li>\n<li>Il manoscritto (\u00e8 \/ viene \/ va) andato smarrito durante il trasloco.<\/li>\n<li>In archivio (si conserva \/ si conservano) documenti del Quattrocento.<\/li>\n<li>Le iscrizioni (sono \/ vengono \/ vanno) inviate per posta elettronica.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>va presentato<\/strong> (deontic obligation, simple tense)<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>\u00e8<\/strong> stato tradotto (compound tense, only <em>essere<\/em> works)<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>vengono<\/strong> restaurati (recurring procedure, dynamic auxiliary)<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>\u00e8<\/strong> andato smarrito (lexicalised loss with compound; <em>andato<\/em> here is the past participle of <em>andare<\/em>, not the auxiliary)<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>si conservano<\/strong> (plural noun, plural verb: si passivante)<\/p>\n<p>6. <strong>vanno<\/strong> inviate (procedural obligation, civic register)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A short quiz to consolidate the four constructions of the italian passive voice and the tense restrictions that go with each. Build the right form of the italian passive voice for each prompt, mixing <em>essere<\/em>, <em>venire<\/em>, <em>andare<\/em> and the <em>si passivante<\/em>. The italian passive voice rewards careful attention to tense scope, so take your time on the andare and venire prompts.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-pv\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_93\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Passive Voice: Essere, Venire, Andare and the SI Passivante\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F28145\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F28145\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"1f453332a3\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28145\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n   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         <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Production: pick the right passive form<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> Augusta gestisce una piccola bottega di restauro tessile e merletti antichi nel centro storico di Ascoli Piceno, nelle Marche meridionali. Romolo, apprendista da quattro anni, si occupa delle pulizie e dei primi interventi sui tessuti. Cesira, signora di Comunanza, ha portato in bottega il corredo di seta della nonna in vista del matrimonio della figlia. Iginio, geometra, segue i lavori edili dei locali; Marisa, funzionaria della Soprintendenza di Ancona, valuta le opere per i fondi regionali di restauro. La pieve sconsacrata di Comunanza, nei Sibillini, &egrave; il cantiere principale di quest&#8217;anno: piviali, paramenti, pergamene.<\/p>\n<p><em>For each item, read the hint in parentheses (infinitive + tense + passive type, plus gender\/number when ambiguous) and type the full passive form in the gap, including the auxiliary and the agreeing past participle.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#888;\"><strong>Italian accents.<\/strong> If your keyboard does not have Italian accents, you can type an apostrophe instead. For example, write <code>e'<\/code> for <code>&egrave;<\/code>, <code>verra'<\/code> for <code>verr&agrave;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6736\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Il piviale trecentesco della pieve di Comunanza (restaurare - presente passivo essere, M.sing) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 restaurato, e' restaurato)<\/span><\/span> ogni due anni dalla bottega di Augusta, secondo il calendario concordato con la parrocchia.<br><br><em>The fourteenth-century cope from the Comunanza parish church is restored every two years by Augusta's workshop, according to the schedule agreed with the parish.<\/em><\/li><li>La cassapanca cinquecentesca di Cesira (spostare - passato prossimo passivo essere, F.sing) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"17\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 stata spostata, e' stata spostata)<\/span><\/span> ieri pomeriggio dagli operai di Iginio nel deposito al piano terra della bottega.<br><br><em>Cesira's sixteenth-century chest was moved yesterday afternoon by Iginio's workers into the ground-floor storeroom of the workshop.<\/em><\/li><li>Fino agli anni Sessanta le sete grezze (filare - imperfetto passivo essere, F.plur) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(erano filate)<\/span><\/span> dalle contadine dell'entroterra di Offida nelle veglie invernali, e poi vendute al mercato di Ascoli.<br><br><em>Until the 1960s the raw silks were spun by the peasant women of the Offida hinterland during winter wakes, and then sold at the Ascoli market.<\/em><\/li><li>Marisa ritiene che le tele di lino della pieve sconsacrata (stimare - congiuntivo passato passivo essere, F.plur) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"19\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(siano state stimate)<\/span><\/span> troppo in fretta dalla commissione della Soprintendenza lo scorso autunno.<br><br><em>Marisa believes that the linen cloths from the deconsecrated parish church were appraised too hastily by the Superintendency commission last autumn.<\/em><\/li><li>Ogni mattina prima dell'apertura le tele esposte in vetrina (pulire - presente passivo venire, F.plur) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(vengono pulite)<\/span><\/span> con un pennello morbido di tasso per togliere la polvere accumulata.<br><br><em>Every morning before opening, the cloths displayed in the window are cleaned with a soft badger-hair brush to remove the accumulated dust.<\/em><\/li><li>Negli anni Ottanta i merletti al tombolo di Offida (controllare - imperfetto passivo venire, M.plur) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"20\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(venivano controllati)<\/span><\/span> uno per uno dalla commissione del consorzio artigiano prima di ricevere il marchio di garanzia.<br><br><em>In the 1980s the bobbin lacework from Offida used to be checked one by one by the artisan consortium commission before receiving the quality mark.<\/em><\/li><li>La nuova collezione di paramenti restaurati di Augusta (presentare - futuro semplice passivo venire, F.sing) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"17\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(verr\u00e0 presentata, verra' presentata)<\/span><\/span> sabato prossimo nel chiostro di San Francesco insieme al catalogo bilingue.<br><br><em>Augusta's new collection of restored vestments will be presented next Saturday in the San Francesco cloister together with the bilingual catalogue.<\/em><\/li><li>Le stoffe antiche (conservare - presente andare deontico, F.plur) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(vanno conservate)<\/span><\/span> in ambienti privi di umidit\u00e0 e lontano dalla luce diretta del sole, altrimenti i pigmenti vegetali si degradano in pochi mesi.<br><br><em>Antique fabrics must be kept in humidity-free environments and away from direct sunlight, otherwise the vegetable pigments degrade within a few months.<\/em><\/li><li>La relazione tecnica di Marisa sul corredo di Cesira (consegnare - presente andare deontico, F.sing) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(va consegnata)<\/span><\/span> entro venerd\u00ec alla Soprintendenza, altrimenti il finanziamento regionale per il restauro salta.<br><br><em>Marisa's technical report on Cesira's trousseau must be submitted to the Superintendency by Friday, otherwise the regional restoration funding falls through.<\/em><\/li><li>Senza un intervento immediato delle restauratrici, l'unico esemplare seicentesco di velo da sposa in pizzo di Cant\u00f9 conservato nella bottega (perdere - presente andare lessicalizzato, M.sing) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(va perduto)<\/span><\/span> per sempre.<br><br><em>Without an immediate intervention by the restorers, the only seventeenth-century example of Cantu lace wedding veil kept in the workshop will be lost forever.<\/em><\/li><li>Per il restauro di un piviale come quello della pieve di Comunanza (richiedere - presente si passivante, sing) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si richiede)<\/span><\/span> un'esperienza di almeno dieci anni di bottega, oltre a un diploma specifico in conservazione tessile.<br><br><em>To restore a cope like the one from the Comunanza parish church, at least ten years of workshop experience is required, plus a specific diploma in textile conservation.<\/em><\/li><li>Nella piazza centrale di Offida ogni primo sabato del mese (vendere - presente si passivante, plur) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si vendono)<\/span><\/span> merletti antichi al tombolo e tessuti recuperati da vecchi corredi di famiglia.<br><br><em>In the central square of Offida on the first Saturday of every month, antique bobbin lacework and fabrics recovered from old family trousseaus are sold.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 of 12. You handled all four passive constructions cleanly, with full past participle agreement throughout.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review the four Italian passive constructions:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>ESSERE + past participle<\/strong>: standard passive, all tenses. The participle agrees with the subject in gender and number: <em>la cassapanca &egrave; stata spostata<\/em>, <em>le tele sono state catalogate<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VENIRE + past participle<\/strong>: dynamic passive, simple tenses only (presente, imperfetto, futuro semplice, condizionale presente). <em>Vengono pulite<\/em>, <em>venivano controllati<\/em>, <em>verr&agrave; presentata<\/em>. Never in compound tenses: <em>&egrave; venuto restaurato<\/em> is wrong.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ANDARE + past participle<\/strong>: obligation, equivalent to <em>deve essere<\/em>. Also simple tenses only. <em>Vanno conservate<\/em>, <em>va consegnata<\/em>. Lexicalised: <em>va perduto<\/em> = is lost forever.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SI passivante<\/strong>: active form with <em>si<\/em>, the verb agrees with the grammatical subject. <em>Si richiede<\/em> (sing), <em>si vendono<\/em> (plur). Never takes an explicit agent.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>The past participle always agrees with the grammatical subject in gender and number, regardless of which auxiliary you choose.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Two filters per item.<\/strong> First identify which passive construction the hint asks for (<em>passivo essere<\/em>, <em>passivo venire<\/em>, <em>andare deontico<\/em>, <em>si passivante<\/em>). Second, make the past participle agree with the subject in gender and number.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tense restrictions<\/strong>: VENIRE and ANDARE work only in simple tenses. For compound tenses (passato prossimo, trapassato, congiuntivo passato), you must use ESSERE: <em>&egrave; stato restaurato<\/em>, not <em>&egrave; venuto restaurato<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Verifica: pick the correct sentence in each trio<\/h3>\n<p><em>For each trio, only one sentence forms a correct Italian passive. The other two fall into one of the five traps from the lesson: wrong agent preposition, indirect-object promotion, venire in a compound tense, si passivante with an explicit agent, past participle without agreement, or andare used in a compound tense.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6737\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Il merletto al tombolo \u00e8 stato disegnato di Marisa nel 1995, prima che entrasse alla Soprintendenza di Ancona.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Il merletto al tombolo \u00e8 stato disegnato da Marisa nel 1995, prima che entrasse alla Soprintendenza di Ancona.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Il merletto al tombolo \u00e8 stato disegnato con Marisa nel 1995, prima che entrasse alla Soprintendenza di Ancona.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Una collana di corallo \u00e8 stata regalata a Cesira dalla zia in occasione del battesimo della figlia.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Cesira \u00e8 stata regalata una collana di corallo dalla zia in occasione del battesimo della figlia.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Cesira \u00e8 stata regalata da una collana di corallo della zia in occasione del battesimo della figlia.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Il velo di pizzo del 1890 \u00e8 venuto restaurato l'anno scorso dalla bottega di Augusta ad Ascoli con tecniche tradizionali.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Il velo di pizzo del 1890 era venuto restaurato l'anno scorso dalla bottega di Augusta ad Ascoli con tecniche tradizionali.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Il velo di pizzo del 1890 \u00e8 stato restaurato l'anno scorso dalla bottega di Augusta ad Ascoli con tecniche tradizionali.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> A Offida i tomboli per le tovaglie cerimoniali sono lavorati da tutte le anziane del paese durante l'estate.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> A Offida si lavorano i tomboli per le tovaglie cerimoniali da tutte le anziane del paese durante l'estate.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> A Offida si lavorano i tomboli per le tovaglie cerimoniali con tutte le anziane del paese durante l'estate.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Le pergamene del Quattrocento della pieve di Comunanza sono stati catalogati ieri mattina da Iginio e Augusta in due ore di lavoro.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Le pergamene del Quattrocento della pieve di Comunanza sono state catalogate ieri mattina da Iginio e Augusta in due ore di lavoro.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Le pergamene del Quattrocento della pieve di Comunanza sono state catalogato ieri mattina da Iginio e Augusta in due ore di lavoro.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Il modulo per la richiesta di restauro della pieve \u00e8 andato firmato la settimana scorsa dal direttore della Soprintendenza di Ancona.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Il modulo per la richiesta di restauro della pieve va stato firmato la settimana scorsa dal direttore della Soprintendenza di Ancona.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_93_6737\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Il modulo per la richiesta di restauro della pieve \u00e8 stato firmato la settimana scorsa dal direttore della Soprintendenza di Ancona.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 of 6. You spotted every passive-voice trap.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The six trios map to the five traps from the pillar plus the andare-no-compound restatement:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>Trio 1.<\/strong> The agent of a passive sentence is always introduced by <strong>DA<\/strong>, never DI (which marks possession) and never CON (which marks instrument). Correct: <em>disegnato da Marisa<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trio 2.<\/strong> Italian allows only the direct object to become the passive subject. <em>Una collana<\/em> (direct object) can be promoted; <em>a Cesira<\/em> (indirect object) stays in the dative. The English calque <em>Cesira was given a necklace<\/em> does not translate directly into Italian passive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trio 3.<\/strong> VENIRE forms the passive only in simple tenses. In passato prossimo and other compound tenses, only ESSERE works: <em>&egrave; stato restaurato<\/em>, never <em>&egrave; venuto restaurato<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trio 4.<\/strong> The si passivante construction excludes any explicit agent by definition. If you want to name the agent, switch to the standard essere passive: <em>i tomboli sono lavorati da tutte le anziane<\/em>, not <em>si lavorano i tomboli da tutte le anziane<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trio 5.<\/strong> The past participle of every passive form agrees with the grammatical subject in gender and number. Subject = <em>le pergamene<\/em> (feminine plural) requires <em>state catalogate<\/em>, not <em>stati catalogati<\/em> nor <em>state catalogato<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trio 6.<\/strong> ANDARE as a passive auxiliary works only in simple tenses (presente, imperfetto, futuro, condizionale). For a compound tense like <em>&egrave; stato firmato<\/em>, you must use ESSERE: <em>&egrave; andato firmato<\/em> and <em>va stato firmato<\/em> are both ungrammatical.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Two filters per trio.<\/strong> First check the agent preposition (must be DA, never DI or CON). Second check the auxiliary against the tense: venire and andare only in simple tenses, essere always.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Past participle agreement<\/strong>: every passive form requires agreement with the grammatical subject. Feminine plural subject &rarr; <em>-ate<\/em> ending, regardless of the auxiliary chosen.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_93',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 93,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"265\":12,\"266\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6736\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6736,\"catId\":265,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"\\u00e8 restaurato\",\"e' restaurato\"],[\"\\u00e8 stata spostata\",\"e' stata spostata\"],[\"erano filate\"],[\"siano state stimate\"],[\"vengono pulite\"],[\"venivano controllati\"],[\"verr\\u00e0 presentata\",\"verra' presentata\"],[\"vanno conservate\"],[\"va consegnata\"],[\"va perduto\"],[\"si richiede\"],[\"si vendono\"]]},\"6737\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6737,\"catId\":266,\"points\":[0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1],\"correct\":[0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recurring questions from learners working on the italian passive voice at B2 level, distilled from real forum threads on WordReference and the Treccani entry on <em>forma attiva, passiva e riflessiva<\/em>. These seven Q&amp;A cover the parts of the italian passive voice that get queried most often in class and online.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-pv-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the real difference between essere and venire in the italian passive voice?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Essere is neutral and stative-leaning: la porta \u00e8 aperta can mean the door is open (state) or the door is being opened (action). Venire is unambiguously dynamic and procedural: la porta viene aperta means the door gets opened, an action is happening. Venire is also restricted to simple tenses, while essere works in every tense except the trapassato remoto.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pv-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can venire be used in the passato prossimo?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Passive venire has no compound forms. Sentences like \u00e8 venuto aperto or era venuto restaurato do not exist. When you need a compound tense for the passive, switch to essere: \u00e8 stato aperto, era stato restaurato.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pv-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use andare as a passive auxiliary?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Two contexts. The first is deontic: va presentato = deve essere presentato, must be submitted. Used in regulations, notices, instructions, and limited to simple tenses except the passato remoto. The second is lexicalised, with a small list of past participles of loss or destruction (perso, smarrito, distrutto, dimenticato, speso). Here andare just replaces essere, with no obligation flavour and no agent expressed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pv-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between si passivante and si impersonale?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The si passivante uses a transitive verb with an expressed object that becomes the grammatical subject; the verb agrees in number (si restaurano dipinti, si vende un libro). The si impersonale uses intransitive verbs and is always singular (si lavora molto, si parte presto). Number agreement is the cleanest diagnostic.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pv-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why can I say il libro \u00e8 stato dato allo studente but not lo studente \u00e8 stato dato un libro?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Italian only allows the direct object to become the subject of a passive sentence. Lo studente is an indirect object (introduced by a in the active form), so it cannot be passivised. You can left-dislocate it for emphasis: Allo studente \u00e8 stato dato un libro, but the subject of the passive verb remains il libro.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pv-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is the italian passive voice used as often as the English one?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Less often. Italian prefers the active voice for everyday talk, and reserves the passive for civic, journalistic, instructional and historical registers. The si passivante is the everyday workaround, especially for generic doers (si vendono libri, si parla inglese). English learners typically over-use essere passives; switching to si or to an active sentence usually sounds more natural.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pv-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I express the agent with con instead of da?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Con introduces the instrument used to perform the action, not the agent. Il restauro \u00e8 stato eseguito dai tecnici con strumenti delicati. Dai tecnici answers by whom; con strumenti delicati answers with what. Mixing them is a typical B1 fossil.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-impersonal-form-with-si\/\">Italian impersonal form with si (B1)<\/a>: the intransitive cousin of the si passivante.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-si-passivante\/\">Si passivante deep dive (C1)<\/a>: compound tenses, modal interaction, agreement edge cases.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-si-va-tuscan\/\">Si va in Tuscan Italian (B2)<\/a>: when the si construction shifts in everyday speech.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-modal-verbs\/\">Italian modal verbs (B1)<\/a>: the dover essere connection behind deontic andare.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/forma-attiva-passiva-e-riflessiva_%28La-grammatica-italiana%29\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Treccani entry on forma attiva, passiva e riflessiva<\/a>: the native institutional reference.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The italian passive voice with essere, venire, andare and the si passivante: tense scope, agent with da, transitivity restrictions, five traps, plus a museum-exhibition dialogue and a B2 quiz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":28163,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1866],"tags":[1447,1577,1511,1510,1578],"class_list":["post-28145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b2","tag-forma-passiva","tag-frasi-passive-italiano-quiz","tag-italian-passive-voice","tag-passive-voice","tag-quiz-frasi-passive-italiano","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28145"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61267,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28145\/revisions\/61267"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}