{"id":27396,"date":"2019-09-18T01:57:14","date_gmt":"2019-09-17T16:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=27396"},"modified":"2026-04-22T04:55:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T19:55:38","slug":"italian-past-participle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-past-participle\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Past Participle: Forms, Agreement, and Clausal Uses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>In short:<\/strong> <em>The Italian past participle (<\/em>participio passato<em>) does four jobs. It builds every compound tense from <\/em>passato prossimo<em> to <\/em>condizionale passato<em>, it agrees with the subject when the auxiliary is <\/em>essere<em>, it agrees with a preceding direct object pronoun when the auxiliary is <\/em>avere<em>, and it works as both a plain adjective (<\/em>la porta chiusa<em>) and as the core of a clausal construction (<\/em>finita la riunione, uscimmo<em>). Learn the regular endings, memorise the top irregulars, and the agreement rules fall into place.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-27396\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-head-27396 gb-headline-text\">What we&#8217;ll cover today<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&#x1F446;&#x1F3FB;<br>Jump to sections<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What is the Italian past participle?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#regular\">How do you form the regular past participle?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#irregular\">Which irregular past participles are worth memorising?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#compound\">How do you use the past participle in compound tenses?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#essere\">Agreement rule 1: with <em>essere<\/em>, agree with the subject<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#avere\">Agreement rule 2: with <em>avere<\/em>, only with a preceding direct object<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#adjective\">The past participle as an adjective<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#clausal\">The clausal past participle (<em>Finita la cena, uscimmo<\/em>)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#exercise\">Exercise<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-what-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"what\">What is the Italian past participle?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>participio passato<\/em> is one of the three indefinite moods of Italian, alongside <em>infinito<\/em> and <em>gerundio<\/em>. On its own it does not carry person or tense; it is a verb form that leans on an auxiliary or a noun to do its work. You already meet it the moment you learn the <em>passato prossimo<\/em> (<em>ho mangiato<\/em>, <em>sono andato<\/em>), but the Italian past participle has a much wider range than &#8220;the past half of compound tenses&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Four jobs worth naming: compound tenses, subject agreement with <em>essere<\/em>, object agreement with <em>avere<\/em>, and standalone uses as adjective or clausal head. Master those four and most of the B1 to B2 past-tense workload clicks into place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-regular-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"regular\">How do you form the regular Italian past participle?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Three conjugation groups, three endings: drop the infinitive ending and add <em>-ato<\/em>, <em>-uto<\/em>, or <em>-ito<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Infinitive<\/th><th>Ending<\/th><th>Past participle<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><em>parlare<\/em><\/td><td>-are &rarr; -ato<\/td><td><em>parlato<\/em><\/td><td><em>Ho parlato con Marco.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>credere<\/em><\/td><td>-ere &rarr; -uto<\/td><td><em>creduto<\/em><\/td><td><em>Non ci ho creduto.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>dormire<\/em><\/td><td>-ire &rarr; -ito<\/td><td><em>dormito<\/em><\/td><td><em>Ho dormito male.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The first and third conjugations are almost entirely regular. The second (-ere) is where most irregular forms live, and where you will spend the majority of your memorisation time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-irregular-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"irregular\">Which irregular past participles are worth memorising?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Italian has a cluster of irregular past participles that show up in almost every conversation. Internalise the following thirty and you cover the vast majority of real speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Infinitive<\/th><th>Participle<\/th><th>Infinitive<\/th><th>Participle<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><em>essere<\/em><\/td><td><em>stato<\/em><\/td><td><em>fare<\/em><\/td><td><em>fatto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>dire<\/em><\/td><td><em>detto<\/em><\/td><td><em>scrivere<\/em><\/td><td><em>scritto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>leggere<\/em><\/td><td><em>letto<\/em><\/td><td><em>vedere<\/em><\/td><td><em>visto \/ veduto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>prendere<\/em><\/td><td><em>preso<\/em><\/td><td><em>mettere<\/em><\/td><td><em>messo<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>chiedere<\/em><\/td><td><em>chiesto<\/em><\/td><td><em>rispondere<\/em><\/td><td><em>risposto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>aprire<\/em><\/td><td><em>aperto<\/em><\/td><td><em>chiudere<\/em><\/td><td><em>chiuso<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>venire<\/em><\/td><td><em>venuto<\/em><\/td><td><em>nascere<\/em><\/td><td><em>nato<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>morire<\/em><\/td><td><em>morto<\/em><\/td><td><em>vivere<\/em><\/td><td><em>vissuto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>rimanere<\/em><\/td><td><em>rimasto<\/em><\/td><td><em>scegliere<\/em><\/td><td><em>scelto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>rompere<\/em><\/td><td><em>rotto<\/em><\/td><td><em>correre<\/em><\/td><td><em>corso<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>perdere<\/em><\/td><td><em>perso \/ perduto<\/em><\/td><td><em>vincere<\/em><\/td><td><em>vinto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>spegnere<\/em><\/td><td><em>spento<\/em><\/td><td><em>accendere<\/em><\/td><td><em>acceso<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>offrire<\/em><\/td><td><em>offerto<\/em><\/td><td><em>soffrire<\/em><\/td><td><em>sofferto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>bere<\/em><\/td><td><em>bevuto<\/em><\/td><td><em>piangere<\/em><\/td><td><em>pianto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>tradurre<\/em><\/td><td><em>tradotto<\/em><\/td><td><em>produrre<\/em><\/td><td><em>prodotto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Verbs built on the same Latin root share the irregular pattern: <em>produrre &rarr; prodotto<\/em> gives you <em>dedurre &rarr; dedotto<\/em>, <em>condurre &rarr; condotto<\/em>, <em>ridurre &rarr; ridotto<\/em>, <em>tradurre &rarr; tradotto<\/em>. Group them mentally by shape rather than drilling them one by one.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-obs1-27396\">\n\n<p>&#x1F50D; <strong>Memory shortcut: learn the families, not the single verbs.<\/strong> <em>Every <\/em>-urre<em> verb drops the ending and uses <\/em>-otto<em> (<\/em>tradotto<em>, <\/em>prodotto<em>, <\/em>condotto<em>, <\/em>dedotto<em>, <\/em>ridotto<em>). Every <\/em>-cedere<em> and <\/em>-cettere<em> verb in the &#8220;succeed \/ concede \/ permit&#8221; family uses <\/em>-sso<em> (<\/em>successo<em>, <\/em>concesso<em>, <\/em>permesso<em>). Learning these clusters cuts the irregular past participle workload by roughly two thirds.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-compound-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"compound\">How do you use the Italian past participle in compound tenses?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The past participle pairs with <em>essere<\/em> or <em>avere<\/em> to build every compound tense in Italian: <em>passato prossimo<\/em>, <em>trapassato prossimo<\/em>, <em>futuro anteriore<\/em>, <em>condizionale passato<\/em>, <em>congiuntivo passato<\/em> and <em>trapassato<\/em>. The real question at every step is the same: which auxiliary?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Transitive verbs<\/strong> (take a direct object) generally use <em>avere<\/em>: <em>Ho mangiato la pizza.<\/em> <em>Abbiamo visto il film.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Intransitive verbs of motion, change of state, and existence<\/strong> use <em>essere<\/em>: <em>Sono andato a Roma.<\/em> <em>&Egrave; nato ieri.<\/em> <em>Sei rimasta a casa.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Reflexive and reciprocal verbs<\/strong> always use <em>essere<\/em>: <em>Mi sono svegliato presto.<\/em> <em>Si sono incontrati al bar.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Modal verbs<\/strong> (<em>dovere, potere, volere<\/em>) copy the auxiliary of the verb they modify: <em>Ho dovuto lavorare<\/em> (<em>lavorare<\/em> takes <em>avere<\/em>), <em>Sono dovuto tornare<\/em> (<em>tornare<\/em> takes <em>essere<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A handful of verbs take both, with a meaning shift: <em>Ho corso dieci chilometri<\/em> (activity) vs <em>Sono corso a casa<\/em> (destination). The contrast is usually subtle and worth a dedicated dictionary check.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-essere-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"essere\">Agreement rule 1: with <em>essere<\/em>, agree with the subject<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the auxiliary is <em>essere<\/em>, the Italian past participle inflects like an adjective ending in <em>-o<\/em>. It agrees with the subject in gender and number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Marco &egrave; <strong>arrivato<\/strong>.<\/em> (masculine singular)<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>Giulia &egrave; <strong>arrivata<\/strong>.<\/em> (feminine singular)<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>I ragazzi sono <strong>arrivati<\/strong>.<\/em> (masculine plural)<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>Le ragazze sono <strong>arrivate<\/strong>.<\/em> (feminine plural)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The rule is automatic and has no exceptions with <em>essere<\/em>: if the auxiliary is <em>essere<\/em>, the participle agrees. This is the agreement that most English speakers forget in the first two years of Italian, and the single easiest fix to raise your accuracy overnight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-avere-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"avere\">Agreement rule 2: with <em>avere<\/em>, only with a preceding direct object<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the auxiliary is <em>avere<\/em>, the default is no agreement: the participle stays in <em>-o<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Ho <strong>mangiato<\/strong> la pizza.<\/em> (no agreement, <em>la pizza<\/em> comes after)<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>Abbiamo <strong>visto<\/strong> le ragazze.<\/em> (no agreement, <em>le ragazze<\/em> comes after)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>But when a direct object pronoun (<em>lo, la, li, le, ne<\/em>) comes before the verb, the Italian past participle agrees with that pronoun in gender and number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>La pizza? <strong>L&#8217;ho mangiata<\/strong>.<\/em> (<em>la<\/em> &rarr; <em>-a<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>I libri? <strong>Li ho letti<\/strong>.<\/em> (<em>li<\/em> &rarr; <em>-i<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>Le ragazze? <strong>Le ho viste<\/strong>.<\/em> (<em>le<\/em> &rarr; <em>-e<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>Di caff&egrave;, <strong>ne ho bevuti<\/strong> tre.<\/em> (<em>ne<\/em> plural &rarr; <em>-i<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-obs2-27396\">\n\n<p>&#x1F50D; <strong>The B1 exam trap.<\/strong> <em>Agreement with <\/em>avere<em> + preceding direct object is the single most-tested Italian past participle rule in B1 certification exams, and one of the hallmarks of genuinely fluent writing. The shortcut: if you see <\/em>lo<em>, <\/em>la<em>, <\/em>li<em>, <\/em>le<em>, or <\/em>ne<em> before <\/em>ho<em>, <\/em>hai<em>, <\/em>ha<em>, <\/em>abbiamo<em>, <\/em>avete<em>, or <\/em>hanno<em>, the participle must agree. Drill this to reflex level.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-adjective-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"adjective\">The past participle as an adjective<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outside compound tenses, the Italian past participle regularly works as a plain adjective. It agrees with the noun in gender and number like any other <em>-o<\/em>-class adjective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Una finestra <strong>aperta<\/strong>, un libro <strong>chiuso<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>Un romanzo <strong>scritto<\/strong> in fretta, una lettera <strong>inviata<\/strong> ieri.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li><em>Le pietre <strong>rotte<\/strong>, i vasi <strong>riparati<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of these participle-adjectives double as ordinary dictionary adjectives. Some have drifted far enough to be classified as adjectives or nouns in their own right: <em>chiuso<\/em> (closed), <em>aperto<\/em> (open), <em>stanco<\/em> (tired, from an older participle), <em>dotto<\/em> (learned).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-clausal-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"clausal\">The clausal past participle (<em>Finita la cena, uscimmo<\/em>)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Italian writing uses the past participle to head an entire subordinate clause, with no auxiliary. The construction is called <em>participio assoluto<\/em> and is the written equivalent of &#8220;having finished dinner, we went out&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Finita la riunione<\/strong>, siamo andati a pranzo.<\/em><br>Once the meeting was over, we went to lunch.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Letta la lettera<\/strong>, Marco sorrise.<\/em><br>Having read the letter, Marco smiled.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Arrivati al mare<\/strong>, ci siamo tuffati subito.<\/em><br>Once we arrived at the sea, we dived in right away.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Scritto il saggio<\/strong>, lo spedimmo all&#8217;editore.<\/em><br>Having written the essay, we sent it to the publisher.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Two rules govern the construction. First, the participle agrees with the noun that functions as its subject (<em>finita la riunione<\/em>, feminine singular; <em>arrivati al mare<\/em>, masculine plural matching &#8220;we&#8221;). Second, the event introduced by the clausal participle must be complete before the main clause happens. If both events are simultaneous, use the <em>gerundio<\/em> instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-mistakes-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make with the Italian past participle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Skipping subject agreement with <em>essere<\/em>.<\/strong> &#x274C; <em>*Maria &egrave; andato<\/em>. &#x2705; <em>Maria &egrave; andata<\/em>. With <em>essere<\/em>, the participle always agrees.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Adding agreement after <em>avere<\/em> by default.<\/strong> &#x274C; <em>*Ho mangiata la pizza<\/em>. &#x2705; <em>Ho mangiato la pizza<\/em>. No agreement, because the object comes after.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Forgetting the preceding-pronoun rule.<\/strong> &#x274C; <em>*Li ho visto<\/em>. &#x2705; <em>Li ho visti<\/em>. With a preceding <em>li<\/em>, the participle agrees.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Picking the wrong auxiliary.<\/strong> &#x274C; <em>*Ho andato a casa<\/em>. &#x2705; <em>Sono andato a casa<\/em>. Verbs of motion take <em>essere<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Using <em>avere<\/em> with reflexives.<\/strong> &#x274C; <em>*Mi ho alzato<\/em>. &#x2705; <em>Mi sono alzato<\/em>. Reflexive verbs always take <em>essere<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Confusing the clausal participle with the <em>gerundio<\/em>.<\/strong> <em>Finita la cena, usciamo<\/em> implies &#8220;once dinner is over&#8221;; <em>Finendo la cena, usciamo<\/em> would imply simultaneity and sounds odd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For the broader picture of how the past participle fits into the Italian past-tense system, see our guide on <a href=\"\/eng\/italian-passato-prossimo-vs-imperfetto\/\">passato prossimo vs imperfetto<\/a>. For the other indefinite mood, the <a href=\"\/eng\/italian-gerund\/\">Italian gerund<\/a>. For tenses that compound on the past participle, the <a href=\"\/eng\/italian-conditional\/\">Italian conditional<\/a>. The canonical Italian-language reference is the Treccani entry on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/participio_%28La-grammatica-italiana%29\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">participio<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-spick-27396\">\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h3-spick-27396 gb-headline-text\">&#x1F4CC; Cheat sheet: Italian past participle<\/h3>\n\n\n<p><strong>Regular endings:<\/strong> <em>-are<\/em> &rarr; <em>-ato<\/em>, <em>-ere<\/em> &rarr; <em>-uto<\/em>, <em>-ire<\/em> &rarr; <em>-ito<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Irregular clusters:<\/strong> most live in the <em>-ere<\/em> group. Learn families (<em>-urre &rarr; -otto<\/em>) rather than single verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>With <em>essere<\/em>:<\/strong> participle agrees with the subject. Always.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>With <em>avere<\/em>:<\/strong> no agreement by default; agreement kicks in only with a preceding direct object pronoun (<em>Le ho viste<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Reflexives:<\/strong> always <em>essere<\/em>. Modal verbs copy the auxiliary of the verb they govern.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>As adjective:<\/strong> agrees with its noun (<em>una porta chiusa<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Clausal participle:<\/strong> agrees with its subject, marks a completed prior event (<em>Finita la riunione, uscimmo<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #dddddd;border-radius:8px;padding:20px 25px;margin:20px 0;\">\n<p>&#x1F3AF; <strong>Mini-challenge: pick the correct past participle form.<\/strong><br><em>Scegli la forma corretta del participio passato.<\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>Giulia (arrivare) _____ alle otto.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Le chiavi? Le (perdere) _____ in ufficio.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>(Leggere) _____ il libro, lo consigli&ograve; a tutti.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I ragazzi si (svegliare) _____ tardi.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Maria (dovere) _____ tornare a casa in treno.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Di pizze ne (mangiare) _____ quattro.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>(Finire) _____ la cena, ci siamo addormentati.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ho (scrivere) _____ una lettera e l'(spedire) _____ subito.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<details><summary><strong>Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. <em>&egrave; arrivata<\/em> (<em>essere<\/em> + feminine)<br>2. <em>ho perse<\/em> (<em>avere<\/em> + preceding <em>le<\/em> &rarr; <em>-e<\/em>)<br>3. <em>Letto<\/em> (clausal, masculine singular, agrees with <em>libro<\/em>)<br>4. <em>sono svegliati<\/em> (reflexive + masculine plural)<br>5. <em>&egrave; dovuta<\/em> (modal copying <em>essere<\/em> of <em>tornare<\/em>, agreeing with Maria)<br>6. <em>ho mangiate<\/em> (<em>avere<\/em> + preceding <em>ne<\/em> plural feminine &rarr; <em>-e<\/em>)<br>7. <em>Finita<\/em> (clausal, agreeing with <em>cena<\/em>)<br>8. <em>scritto<\/em>, <em>ho spedita<\/em> (first: <em>avere<\/em> + no preceding pronoun; second: <em>avere<\/em> + preceding <em>la<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p27396-qc-wrap\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-p27396-qc-grid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-p27396-qc-left\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p27396-qc-left\">\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-p27396-qc-title gb-headline-text\">Quattro<br>Chiacchiere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#597e4d\"><strong>Conversazione italiana su Zoom<\/strong><br>Livello B2 to C1<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/4-chiacchiere-donne.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere Italian course on Zoom\" class=\"wp-image-50464\" style=\"width:200px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/4-chiacchiere-donne.webp 300w, https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/4-chiacchiere-donne-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-p27396-qc-right\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p27396-qc-right\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600\">Vuoi finalmente <em>parlare<\/em> italiano?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Quattro Chiacchiere &egrave; il nostro corso di conversazione in piccolo gruppo su Zoom. Lezioni tematiche, insegnante madrelingua, tanto spazio per parlare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>100% italiano, insegnante madrelingua<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Massimo 4 studenti per classe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 nuove lezioni al mese (lettura, vocabolario, grammatica, ascolto)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unisciti o lascia quando vuoi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p27396-qc-btn-wrap\">\n\n<a class=\"gb-button gb-button-p27396-qc-btn gb-button-text\" href=\"\/eng\/quattro-chiacchiere-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scopri di pi&ugrave;<\/a>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-quiz-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"exercise\">Exercise: Italian past participle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-box-27396\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_68\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 3 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">LOADING QUIZ&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Past Participle: Forms, Agreement, and Clausal Uses\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F27396\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F27396\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"7b800d48e8\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27396\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">passato prossimo irregolare<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Vogliamo andare in Italia, ma non (noi &#8211; decidere) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>abbiamo deciso<\/strong><\/span> quando.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/img.icons8.com\/bubbles\/100\/000000\/hazard-warning-flasher.png\" width=\"79\" height=\"79\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Puoi scrivere\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00e8<\/span>\u00a0con l&#8217;accento\u00a0<\/span>oppure\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">e&#8217;<\/span>\u00a0con l&#8217;apostrofo\u00a0<\/span>se non hai la tastiera italiana<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"260\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr \/>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Francesca e Mario (fare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno fatto)<\/span><\/span> una lunga passeggiata.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Io e mio fratello \u00a0ti (dire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(abbiamo detto)<\/span><\/span> la verit\u00e0.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Laura (decidere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha deciso)<\/span><\/span> di cambiare lavoro.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I miei genitori (nascere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono nati)<\/span><\/span> in Sicilia.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Michael, tu (stare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sei stato)<\/span><\/span> mai in Calabria?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>La decisione di cambiare lavoro (dipendere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 dipesa, e' dipesa)<\/span><\/span> dai soldi.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Irene (correre) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha corso)<\/span><\/span> la maratona di Roma.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(noi - vincere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(abbiamo vinto)<\/span><\/span> un viaggio alle Maldive!<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I passeggeri (scendere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono scesi)<\/span><\/span> dall'autobus ordinatamente.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Il prezzo della benzina (scendere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 sceso, e' sceso)<\/span><\/span> ancora.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Controlla le risposte giuste e continua il quiz<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Controlla le risposte giuste e continua il quiz<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">passato prossimo irregolare<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">seconda parte<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"261\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr \/>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Domenica (essere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 stata, e' stata)<\/span><\/span> una bella giornata.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Luigi (spendere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha speso)<\/span><\/span> tutti i suoi soldi.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Laura (dire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha detto)<\/span><\/span> che arriver\u00e0 in ritardo.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Finalmente (tu - venire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sei venuto)<\/span><\/span> a trovarmi.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stamattina, (io - vestirsi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(mi sono vestito)<\/span><\/span> in fretta e furia.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Il criceto di mia figlia (morire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 morto, e' morto)<\/span><\/span> ieri.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I tuoi figli (crescere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sono cresciuti)<\/span><\/span> dall'ultima volta.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Qualcuno (nascondere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha nascosto)<\/span><\/span> le mie chiavi!<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Daria non (spegnere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha spento)<\/span><\/span> la luce ieri notte.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>La polizia (intervenire) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 intervenuta, e' intervenuta)<\/span><\/span> immediatamente.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Controlla le risposte giuste e continua il quiz<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Controlla le risposte giuste e continua il quiz<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>3<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>3<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">passato prossimo irregolare<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">terza parte<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"262\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr \/>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Tuo figlio (prendere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha preso)<\/span><\/span> una macchina nuova.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lavando i piatti, io ne (rompere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ho rotti)<\/span><\/span> due.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stamattina (noi spingere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(abbiamo spinto)<\/span><\/span> la macchina perch\u00e9 non partiva.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ha piovuto tantissimo, quindi (loro - sospendere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno sospeso)<\/span><\/span> il concerto.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Io e mio fratello (correre)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(abbiamo corso)<\/span><\/span> per dieci chilometri.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A settembre (noi - raccogliere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(abbiamo raccolto)<\/span><\/span> l'uva per fare il vino.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Io e Carla (rivedersi)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ci siamo rivisti)<\/span><\/span> dopo molti anni.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I ladri (ammettere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno ammesso)<\/span><\/span> di avere rapinato la banca.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Una donna (accendere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha acceso)<\/span><\/span> una sigaretta al ristorante e gli altri clienti le (chiedere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno chiesto)<\/span><\/span> di uscire.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mia madre (rimanere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(e' rimasta, \u00e8 rimasta)<\/span><\/span> scioccata dal film di ieri.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(tu - decidere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hai deciso)<\/span><\/span> di non fumare pi\u00f9 e (tu - smettere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hai smesso)<\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gloria e Federica (vedersi)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si sono viste)<\/span><\/span> ieri (ridere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno riso)<\/span><\/span> molto.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(Loro tradurre)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno tradotto)<\/span><\/span> il film dall'inglese all'italiano e non mi piace.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Luigi (convincere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha convinto)<\/span><\/span> sua mamma ad andare in palestra.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mia sorella (rimpiangere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha rimpianto)<\/span><\/span> di non avere studiato medicina all'universit\u00e0.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>L'incidente (succedere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(e' successo, \u00e8 successo)<\/span><\/span> molto rapidamente.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Con gli antibiotici, la febbre (scendere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(e' scesa, \u00e8 scesa)<\/span><\/span> subito.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(Loro - richiedere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(hanno richiesto)<\/span><\/span> molti documenti per il mio passaporto italiano.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Controlla le risposte giuste e finisci il quiz<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Controlla le risposte giuste e finisci il quiz<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_68',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 68,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 41,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0],\n                    bo: 7552,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: [41],\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"260\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":260,\"catId\":0,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"hanno fatto\"],[\"abbiamo detto\"],[\"ha deciso\"],[\"sono nati\"],[\"sei stato\"],[\"\\u00e8 dipesa\",\"e' dipesa\"],[\"ha corso\"],[\"abbiamo vinto\"],[\"sono scesi\"],[\"\\u00e8 sceso\",\"e' sceso\"]]},\"261\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":261,\"catId\":0,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"\\u00e8 stata\",\"e' stata\"],[\"ha speso\"],[\"ha detto\"],[\"sei venuto\"],[\"mi sono vestito\"],[\"\\u00e8 morto\",\"e' morto\"],[\"sono cresciuti\"],[\"ha nascosto\"],[\"ha spento\"],[\"\\u00e8 intervenuta\",\"e' intervenuta\"]]},\"262\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":262,\"catId\":0,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"ha preso\"],[\"ho rotti\"],[\"abbiamo spinto\"],[\"hanno sospeso\"],[\"abbiamo corso\"],[\"abbiamo raccolto\"],[\"ci siamo rivisti\"],[\"hanno ammesso\"],[\"ha acceso\"],[\"hanno chiesto\"],[\"e' rimasta\",\"\\u00e8 rimasta\"],[\"hai deciso\"],[\"hai smesso\"],[\"si sono viste\"],[\"hanno riso\"],[\"hanno tradotto\"],[\"ha convinto\"],[\"ha rimpianto\"],[\"e' successo\",\"\\u00e8 successo\"],[\"e' scesa\",\"\\u00e8 scesa\"],[\"hanno richiesto\"]]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Want to drill the Italian past participle in real conversation? Join our <a href=\"\/eng\/quattro-chiacchiere-intro\/\">Quattro Chiacchiere B2 to C1 conversation group<\/a> to practise agreement and compound tenses live, or book a <a href=\"\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=6\">private one-to-one lesson<\/a> focused on your weak spots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-h2-faq-27396 gb-headline-text\" id=\"faq\">FAQ: Italian past participle<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-pp-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I form the regular Italian past participle?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Drop the infinitive ending and add -ato for -are verbs, -uto for -ere verbs, and -ito for -ire verbs. Parlare becomes parlato, credere becomes creduto, dormire becomes dormito. The -are and -ire groups are almost fully regular; most irregular participles belong to the -ere group and need to be memorised.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pp-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the most common irregular Italian past participles?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The high-frequency irregulars include essere (stato), fare (fatto), dire (detto), scrivere (scritto), leggere (letto), vedere (visto), prendere (preso), mettere (messo), chiedere (chiesto), rispondere (risposto), aprire (aperto), chiudere (chiuso), venire (venuto), nascere (nato), morire (morto), vivere (vissuto), rimanere (rimasto), scegliere (scelto), rompere (rotto), vincere (vinto). Group them by root (produrre, tradurre, condurre all end in -otto) to cut memorisation time.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pp-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When does the Italian past participle agree with the subject?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Always when the auxiliary is essere. In sentences like Maria e arrivata or I ragazzi sono partiti, the participle agrees with the subject in gender and number. The same rule applies to reflexive verbs, which always take essere: Mi sono alzata. With the auxiliary avere, the default is no agreement unless a direct object pronoun comes before the verb.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pp-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does Le ho viste have an -e ending?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because the direct object pronoun le (them, feminine plural) precedes the verb. When a direct object pronoun (lo, la, li, le, ne) comes before a verb conjugated with avere, the Italian past participle agrees with that pronoun in gender and number. Le ho viste means I saw them (feminine). Without the pronoun, the participle stays invariable: Ho visto le ragazze, with no -e on visto.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pp-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can the Italian past participle be used as an adjective?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, very often. Una porta chiusa, un libro scritto, una finestra aperta all use the past participle as an adjective agreeing with its noun. Some past participles have drifted so far that the dictionary treats them as independent adjectives: stanco (tired), dotto (learned), aperto (open). The agreement logic is the same as any -o ending adjective.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pp-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is a clausal past participle like Finito il lavoro?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A clausal or absolute past participle is a compact subordinate clause headed by the participle, with no auxiliary. Finito il lavoro, andai a casa means Once the work was done, I went home. The construction belongs to written and formal Italian; it implies that the event it describes is complete before the main-clause event. The participle agrees with its subject: finita la cena (feminine), arrivati i regali (masculine plural).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pp-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I know if a verb takes essere or avere?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A working rule of thumb: transitive verbs (ones that take a direct object) use avere, verbs of motion and change of state use essere, reflexive verbs always use essere. Ho mangiato la pizza, sono andato a Roma, mi sono svegliato. Some verbs take both with a meaning shift (ho corso dieci chilometri vs sono corso a casa). When in doubt, check a reliable conjugation dictionary; modal verbs copy the auxiliary of the verb they modify.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In short: The Italian past participle (participio passato) does four jobs. It builds every compound tense from passato prossimo to condizionale passato, it agrees with the subject when the auxiliary is essere, it agrees with a preceding direct object pronoun when the auxiliary is avere, and it works as both a plain adjective (la porta &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Past Participle: Forms, Agreement, and Clausal Uses\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-past-participle\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Past Participle: Forms, Agreement, and Clausal Uses\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":27435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[1587,1588,1586,1589,1590],"class_list":["post-27396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lingua","tag-italian-irregular-past-participle","tag-participi-irregolari-italiano","tag-passato-prossimo-irregolare-italiano","tag-quiz-passato-prossimo-irregolare","tag-quiz-passato-prossimo-italian","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27396"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59479,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27396\/revisions\/59479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}