{"id":21802,"date":"2019-02-13T06:53:21","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T21:53:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=21802"},"modified":"2026-05-17T00:09:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T15:09:17","slug":"italian-adjectives-to-nouns-learn-basic-prefixes-quiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-adjectives-to-nouns-learn-basic-prefixes-quiz\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Adjectives into Nouns: The Suffix Rules"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <em>Turning <strong>italian adjectives to nouns<\/strong> means taking a quality word like <em>bello<\/em> and naming the quality itself: <em>bellezza<\/em>. A small set of suffixes does almost all the work: <strong>-ezza<\/strong> (bello to bellezza), <strong>-it\u00e0 \/ -t\u00e0<\/strong> (abile to abilit\u00e0, libero to libert\u00e0), <strong>-ia \/ -izia<\/strong> (avaro to avarizia), plus a few with attitude like <strong>-aggine<\/strong> and <strong>-ume<\/strong> that add a negative tinge. Learn the patterns and you can read, and build, hundreds of italian adjectives to nouns on sight.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the practical map of italian adjectives to nouns: which suffix attaches to what, how to guess the gender, why some forms sound insulting, and the case where one adjective gives two different nouns. A quiz at the end drills fifty of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-an\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-an gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What it means to nominalize an adjective<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ezza\">The -ezza family<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ita\">The -it\u00e0 and -t\u00e0 family<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ia\">The -ia, -izia, -zia family<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#negative\">Suffixes with attitude: -aggine, -eria, -ume<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#others\">-anza, -enza, -ura, -tudine, -ismo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ata\">The -ata twist: a single act<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gender\">How to guess the gender<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#twonouns\">One adjective, two nouns<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#onlyqual\">Which adjectives can become nouns<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: at the Lucca bookshop<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: every suffix at a glance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What it means to nominalize an adjective<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Stand in front of a painting in a Lucca gallery. You can say <em>il quadro \u00e8 bello<\/em>, using the adjective. Or you can name the quality and talk about it directly: <em>la bellezza del quadro<\/em>. That second move, from quality-word to thing-word, is the whole point of turning italian adjectives to nouns. The adjective describes; the noun lets you refer to the quality, count it, qualify it, make it the subject of a sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These derived words are abstract nouns: <em>felicit\u00e0<\/em>, <em>pazienza<\/em>, <em>gentilezza<\/em> name things you cannot touch, only think about. Italian builds them with a compact kit of suffixes glued to the adjective root. Once you recognize the kit, italian adjectives to nouns stop being vocabulary to memorize one by one and become a pattern you can run yourself.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-an-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The core idea.<\/strong> <em>An adjective answers &#8220;what is it like?&#8221;. The derived noun answers &#8220;what is the quality called?&#8221;. <em>Gentile<\/em> to <em>la gentilezza<\/em>: same quality, now a thing you can name. That shift is every example of italian adjectives to nouns in this guide.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ezza\">The -ezza family<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The first big group of italian adjectives to nouns uses <strong>-ezza<\/strong>. It is one of the most productive suffixes and it favours adjectives that describe a plain quality, including many built on past participles. The result is always feminine.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>bello \u2192 la bellezza<\/em> (beauty): <em>La bellezza del quadro colpisce subito.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>gentile \u2192 la gentilezza<\/em> (kindness): <em>Ho apprezzato la gentilezza di Lorenzo.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>chiaro \u2192 la chiarezza<\/em> (clarity): <em>La chiarezza della spiegazione mi ha aiutato.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>lento \u2192 la lentezza<\/em> (slowness): <em>La lentezza del treno per Modena era esasperante.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>duro \u2192 la durezza<\/em> (hardness): <em>La durezza del legno rende il restauro lungo.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Notice the spelling shift: the final vowel of the adjective drops and <em>-ezza<\/em> takes over (<em>chiaro<\/em> to <em>chiarezza<\/em>, not &#8220;chiaroezza&#8221;). This is the default move for most plain quality adjectives, and the safest first guess when you need a noun from an adjective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ita\">The -it\u00e0 and -t\u00e0 family<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The second large group of italian adjectives to nouns ends in a stressed <strong>-it\u00e0<\/strong> (or <strong>-t\u00e0<\/strong>, <strong>-et\u00e0<\/strong>). It attaches especially to adjectives in <em>-ile<\/em>, <em>-ale<\/em>, <em>-aro<\/em>, and to many learned bases. The stress always falls on the final <em>\u00e0<\/em>, and the noun is feminine and invariable in the plural.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>abile \u2192 l&#8217;abilit\u00e0<\/em> (ability): <em>L&#8217;abilit\u00e0 del restauratore \u00e8 famosa a Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>libero \u2192 la libert\u00e0<\/em> (freedom): <em>La libert\u00e0 di scegliere conta pi\u00f9 di tutto.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>semplice \u2192 la semplicit\u00e0<\/em> (simplicity): <em>Mi piace la semplicit\u00e0 di questo progetto.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>curioso \u2192 la curiosit\u00e0<\/em> (curiosity): <em>La curiosit\u00e0 di Caterina la porta sempre in libreria.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>fedele \u2192 la fedelt\u00e0<\/em> (loyalty): <em>La fedelt\u00e0 dei clienti tiene aperta la bottega.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>A few high-frequency ones contract: <em>buono \u2192 la bont\u00e0<\/em>, <em>vero \u2192 la verit\u00e0<\/em>, <em>citt\u00e0<\/em>-type stress. Treat <em>-it\u00e0<\/em> as the partner of <em>-ezza<\/em>: where one sounds wrong, the other usually fits, and together they cover most of the italian adjectives to nouns you will ever need.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-an-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>-ezza or -it\u00e0?<\/strong> <em>Rough rule: plain everyday adjectives lean to -ezza (bellezza, lentezza); adjectives in -ile, -ale and learned bases lean to -it\u00e0 (abilit\u00e0, nazionalit\u00e0). When unsure, say both out loud: the wrong one sounds wrong fast.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ia\">The -ia, -izia, -zia family<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A third strand of italian adjectives to nouns ends in <strong>-ia<\/strong>, often as <strong>-izia<\/strong> or <strong>-zia<\/strong>. Among the italian adjectives to nouns this is the family where stress placement varies and matters most: <em>gelos\u00eca<\/em> stresses the <em>i<\/em>, while <em>avar\u00eczia<\/em> stresses the penultimate. These nouns are feminine.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>geloso \u2192 la gelosia<\/em> (jealousy): <em>La gelosia rovina pi\u00f9 di un&#8217;amicizia.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>cortese \u2192 la cortesia<\/em> (courtesy): <em>Mi ha risposto con grande cortesia.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>avaro \u2192 l&#8217;avarizia<\/em> (greed): <em>L&#8217;avarizia del personaggio \u00e8 il cuore del romanzo.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>furbo \u2192 la furbizia<\/em> (cunning): <em>Con un po&#8217; di furbizia ha risolto tutto.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>pigro \u2192 la pigrizia<\/em> (laziness): <em>La pigrizia della domenica mi piace troppo.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Watch the plural of these: nouns in <em>-cia<\/em> and <em>-zia<\/em> follow the standard spelling rule, so <em>amicizia<\/em> becomes <em>amicizie<\/em>. The <em>-ia<\/em> group is smaller than <em>-ezza<\/em> and <em>-it\u00e0<\/em> but holds some very common italian adjectives to nouns, so it is worth knowing as its own pattern rather than folding it into the others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"negative\">Suffixes with attitude: -aggine, -eria, -ume<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Some italian adjectives to nouns are not neutral: the suffix itself adds a sneer. Three carry a built-in negative colour. <strong>-aggine<\/strong> attaches mostly to adjectives in <em>-ato<\/em> or <em>-oso<\/em> and labels foolish behaviour; <strong>-eria<\/strong> prefers bases in <em>-one<\/em>; <strong>-ume<\/strong> suggests an unpleasant mass or group, and is masculine.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>stupido \u2192 la stupidaggine<\/em> (a stupid thing): <em>Ho detto una stupidaggine, scusa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>testardo \u2192 la testardaggine<\/em> (stubbornness): <em>La testardaggine di Pietro ci ha fatto perdere il treno.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>sciatto \u2192 la sciatteria<\/em> (sloppiness): <em>La sciatteria del lavoro si nota subito.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>sudicio \u2192 il sudiciume<\/em> (filth): <em>Sotto il mobile c&#8217;era solo sudiciume.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>There is also <em>-ata<\/em>, which turns an adjective or noun into &#8220;a single (often silly) act&#8221;: <em>una stupidata<\/em>, <em>una ragazzata<\/em>. When you reach for these italian adjectives to nouns you are not just naming a quality, you are judging it, so pick them on purpose, not by accident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"others\">-anza, -enza, -ura, -tudine, -ismo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The remaining italian adjectives to nouns cluster in smaller, recognizable groups. <strong>-anza \/ -enza<\/strong> comes from adjectives in <em>-ante \/ -ente<\/em> and is feminine; <strong>-ura<\/strong> and <strong>-tudine<\/strong> name states; <strong>-ismo<\/strong> is masculine and names a stance or system.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>arrogante \u2192 l&#8217;arroganza<\/em> (arrogance): <em>L&#8217;arroganza del cliente ha irritato tutti.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>paziente \u2192 la pazienza<\/em> (patience): <em>Ci vuole pazienza con questo restauro.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>bravo \u2192 la bravura<\/em> (skill): <em>La bravura del meccanico \u00e8 nota in citt\u00e0.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>solo \u2192 la solitudine<\/em> (solitude): <em>La solitudine della casa vuota pesa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>fatale \u2192 il fatalismo<\/em> (fatalism): <em>Affronta tutto con un certo fatalismo.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>About thirty suffixes can in theory form these nouns, but only a handful are genuinely productive today. Knowing the five families above, plus this tail, covers almost every case of italian adjectives to nouns you will meet in reading or conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ata\">The -ata twist: naming a single act<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One more pattern sits next to the abstract italian adjectives to nouns and is worth its own stop, because learners meet it constantly in speech. The suffix <strong>-ata<\/strong>, the feminine past-participle ending, turns an adjective or a noun into &#8220;a single, often quick or silly, instance of it&#8221;. It does not name the quality in the abstract; it names one occurrence of it.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>stupido \u2192 una stupidata<\/em> (a stupid thing done once): <em>Ho fatto una stupidata, scusami.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>cretino \u2192 una cretinata<\/em> (a daft remark or act): <em>Non dire cretinate, parliamo sul serio.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>ragazzo \u2192 una ragazzata<\/em> (a childish prank): <em>\u00c8 stata solo una ragazzata, niente di grave.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>improvvisare \u2192 un&#8217;improvvisata<\/em> (an impromptu visit or move): <em>Ci ha fatto un&#8217;improvvisata di domenica, senza avvisare.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Keep this apart from the abstract group: <em>la stupidit\u00e0<\/em> is the quality of being stupid, <em>una stupidata<\/em> is one stupid act. The same root, two very different italian adjectives to nouns, and a useful reminder that italian adjectives to nouns are not all abstract qualities. There is also a fully empty path, &#8220;zero suffixation&#8221;, where the noun is just the bare verb root with <em>-o<\/em> or <em>-a<\/em> (<em>inoltro<\/em>, <em>proroga<\/em>); those belong to bureaucratic Italian and sit outside the core italian adjectives to nouns, worth recognizing but not the focus here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gender\">How to guess the gender<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The suffix usually decides the gender of italian adjectives to nouns, so you rarely have to memorize it separately.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Feminine:<\/strong> -ezza, -it\u00e0 \/ -t\u00e0, -ia \/ -izia, -anza \/ -enza, -ura, -tudine (la bellezza, la libert\u00e0, la pigrizia, la pazienza, la bravura, la solitudine).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Masculine:<\/strong> -ismo, -ume (il fatalismo, il sudiciume).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>That single split handles the vast majority of italian adjectives to nouns. If you can name the suffix, you can almost always name the article, which is half the battle in real sentences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"twonouns\">One adjective, two nouns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes an adjective feeds two different italian adjectives to nouns, each with its own meaning. This is a small but important corner of italian adjectives to nouns, and the classic pair comes from <em>alto<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>alto \u2192 l&#8217;altezza<\/em> (height, of a person or object): <em>L&#8217;altezza dello scaffale non basta.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>alto \u2192 l&#8217;altitudine<\/em> (altitude, above sea level): <em>A quell&#8217;altitudine fa freddo anche a luglio.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Both link back to <em>alto<\/em>, yet you cannot swap them: a bookshelf has <em>altezza<\/em>, a mountain pass has <em>altitudine<\/em>. When two italian adjectives to nouns share a root, assume they split the meaning rather than duplicate it, and check the exact sense before using one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"onlyqual\">Which adjectives can become nouns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Not every adjective produces one of these nouns. Only descriptive, &#8220;quality&#8221; adjectives do, the ones you can put after <em>essere<\/em>: <em>il quadro \u00e8 bello \u2192 la bellezza<\/em>. Relational adjectives, the ones that mean &#8220;belonging to X&#8221;, resist it.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Works: <em>un attore popolare<\/em> (&#8220;famous&#8221;) \u2192 <em>la popolarit\u00e0 dell&#8217;attore<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Blocked: <em>l&#8217;ira popolare<\/em> (&#8220;of the people&#8221;) has no quality noun: you cannot say <em>la popolarit\u00e0 dell&#8217;ira<\/em> in that sense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>The test is simple: if the adjective can follow <em>\u00e8<\/em> and describe a quality (<em>\u00e8 gentile<\/em>, <em>\u00e8 lento<\/em>), it almost certainly has one of these italian adjectives to nouns. If it only classifies (<em>ferroviario<\/em>, <em>comunale<\/em>), it usually does not. That filter saves you from inventing italian adjectives to nouns that do not exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inventing a suffix. There is no general &#8220;-ness&#8221; in Italian: each adjective takes a specific suffix, so guess <em>-ezza<\/em> or <em>-it\u00e0<\/em> first, then check.<\/li>\n<li>Wrong gender. <em>La bellezza<\/em>, not &#8220;il bellezza&#8221;; the suffix sets the gender, not the adjective.<\/li>\n<li>Misplacing the stress. <em>Avar\u00eczia<\/em> and <em>gelos\u00eca<\/em> are stressed differently; the wrong stress sounds foreign.<\/li>\n<li>Using a negative suffix by accident. <em>Stupidaggine<\/em> and <em>sudiciume<\/em> carry a sneer; do not use them as neutral nouns.<\/li>\n<li>Forcing a noun from a relational adjective. <em>Comunale<\/em>, <em>ferroviario<\/em> do not give quality nouns.<\/li>\n<li>Treating <em>altezza<\/em> and <em>altitudine<\/em> as synonyms. They split the meaning, they do not overlap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: at the Lucca bookshop<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Caterina runs a small bookshop in Lucca; Lorenzo, a regular, is returning a novel. Listen for how often a plain adjective turns into a noun mid-conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-an\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Te lo riporto. Bello, ma lento: la lentezza della trama mi ha un po&#8217; stancato.<br><em>I&#8217;m bringing it back. Lovely, but slow: the slowness of the plot tired me a bit.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Lo so, per\u00f2 apprezza la chiarezza dello stile. \u00c8 raro trovare tanta semplicit\u00e0 senza banalit\u00e0.<br><em>I know, but appreciate the clarity of the style. It&#8217;s rare to find such simplicity without banality.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Vero. E la gentilezza del protagonista \u00e8 credibile, non finta. Una rarit\u00e0 di questi tempi.<br><em>True. And the kindness of the main character is believable, not fake. A rarity these days.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Allora ti consiglio il seguito. Stessa originalit\u00e0, ma con pi\u00f9 tensione e meno pigrizia narrativa.<br><em>Then I recommend the sequel. Same originality, but with more tension and less narrative laziness.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> La curiosit\u00e0 mi spinge a dirti di s\u00ec. Quanto costa? Spero nella tua generosit\u00e0.<br><em>Curiosity pushes me to say yes. How much is it? I&#8217;m counting on your generosity.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Per un cliente fedele, sconto. La fedelt\u00e0 va premiata, non \u00e8 una stupidaggine commerciale.<br><em>For a loyal customer, a discount. Loyalty should be rewarded, it&#8217;s not a commercial silliness.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> La tua bont\u00e0 mi commuove. Torno venerd\u00ec con la recensione, promesso.<br><em>Your kindness moves me. I&#8217;ll be back Friday with the review, promised.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Count them: <em>lentezza, chiarezza, semplicit\u00e0, banalit\u00e0, gentilezza, originalit\u00e0, pigrizia, curiosit\u00e0, generosit\u00e0, fedelt\u00e0, stupidaggine, bont\u00e0<\/em>. A two-minute exchange in a bookshop runs through every major family of italian adjectives to nouns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: every suffix at a glance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One table for the whole system of italian adjectives to nouns. Keep it open while you do the quiz.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-cheat-an\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Suffix<\/th><th>Gender<\/th><th>Adjective \u2192 Noun<\/th><th>Note<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>-ezza<\/strong><\/td><td>f.<\/td><td>bello \u2192 bellezza<\/td><td>plain qualities, very productive<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-it\u00e0 \/ -t\u00e0<\/strong><\/td><td>f.<\/td><td>abile \u2192 abilit\u00e0, libero \u2192 libert\u00e0<\/td><td>stress on final \u00e0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-ia \/ -izia<\/strong><\/td><td>f.<\/td><td>avaro \u2192 avarizia<\/td><td>watch the stress<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-anza \/ -enza<\/strong><\/td><td>f.<\/td><td>paziente \u2192 pazienza<\/td><td>from -ante \/ -ente<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-ura<\/strong><\/td><td>f.<\/td><td>bravo \u2192 bravura<\/td><td>states, results<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-tudine<\/strong><\/td><td>f.<\/td><td>solo \u2192 solitudine<\/td><td>states<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-aggine<\/strong><\/td><td>f.<\/td><td>testardo \u2192 testardaggine<\/td><td>negative tinge<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-eria<\/strong><\/td><td>f.<\/td><td>sciatto \u2192 sciatteria<\/td><td>negative tinge<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-ume<\/strong><\/td><td>m.<\/td><td>sudicio \u2192 sudiciume<\/td><td>unpleasant mass<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>-ismo<\/strong><\/td><td>m.<\/td><td>fatale \u2192 fatalismo<\/td><td>stance, system<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-an\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Turn each adjective into its quality noun, then add the right article. Say each one aloud once before checking.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>gentile \u2192 _____<\/li>\n<li>libero \u2192 _____<\/li>\n<li>pigro \u2192 _____<\/li>\n<li>arrogante \u2192 _____<\/li>\n<li>testardo \u2192 _____<\/li>\n<li>solo \u2192 _____<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. <strong>la gentilezza<\/strong> (-ezza, f.) \u00b7 2. <strong>la libert\u00e0<\/strong> (-t\u00e0, f., stress on \u00e0) \u00b7 3. <strong>la pigrizia<\/strong> (-izia, f.) \u00b7 4. <strong>l&#8217;arroganza<\/strong> (-anza, f., from arrogante) \u00b7 5. <strong>la testardaggine<\/strong> (-aggine, f., negative tinge) \u00b7 6. <strong>la solitudine<\/strong> (-tudine, f.)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The quiz below gives you fifty adjectives to convert into nouns using the suffix families above. Take it after the cheat sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-an\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_9\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 1 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">LOADING QUIZ&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. 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Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Adjectives to Nouns. 50 examples<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Italian <em>Suffissi &#8211; Lesson 1<\/em><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Look at the examples above and write the correspondent nouns<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">PLEASE NOTE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">If you don&#8217;t have an Italian keyboard, write the letter <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00e0<\/strong><\/span> or add an apostrophe to a regular <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>a&#8217;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">serenit<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00e0<\/strong><\/span> = serenit<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>a&#8217;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">both versions will be counted\u00a0as correct.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"834\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr \/>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>generoso ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(generosit\u00e0, generosita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>gentile ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(gentilezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>altruista ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(altruismo)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>buono ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(bont\u00e0, bonta')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>dolce ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dolcezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>spensierato ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(spensieratezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>severo ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(severit\u00e0, severita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>allegro ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(allegria)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>egoista ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(egoismo)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>superficiale ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(superficialit\u00e0, superficialita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>vanitoso ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(vanit\u00e0, vanita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>sincero ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sincerit\u00e0, sincerita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>falso ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(falsit\u00e0, falsita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>timido ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(timidezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>crudele ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(crudelt\u00e0, crudelta')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>solitario ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(solitudine)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>maturo ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(maturit\u00e0, maturita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>spigliato ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(spigliatezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>prudente ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(prudenza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>pigro ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(pigrizia)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>malinconico ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(malinconia)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>invidioso ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(invidia)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>onesto ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(onest\u00e0, onesta')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>aggressivo ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(aggressivit\u00e0, aggressivita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>noioso ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(noia)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>simpatico ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(simpatia)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>ingenuo ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ingenuit\u00e0, ingenuita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>pessimista ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(pessimismo)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>ottimista ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ottimismo)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>insicuro ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(insicurezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>testardo ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(testardaggine)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>socievole ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(socievolezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>avaro ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avarizia)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>romantico ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(romanticismo)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>importante ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(importanza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>diligente ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(diligenza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>amaro ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(amarezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>scortese ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(scortesia)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>sofferente ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sofferenza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>intelligente ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(intelligenza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>razzista ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(razzismo)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>ostile ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ostilit\u00e0, ostilita')<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>libero ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(libert\u00e0, liberta', liberazione)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>trasparente ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(trasparenza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>coerente ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(coerenza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>piacevole ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(piacevolezza)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>reale ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(realt\u00e0, realta', realismo, realizzazione)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>eccitato ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(eccitazione, eccitamento)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>retto ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(rettitudine)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>infetto ---&gt; <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(infezione)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Check your score, click on FINISH QUIZ.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Check your score, click on FINISH QUIZ.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_9',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 9,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 50,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0],\n                    bo: 7552,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: [50],\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"834\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":834,\"catId\":0,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"generosit\\u00e0\",\"generosita'\"],[\"gentilezza\"],[\"altruismo\"],[\"bont\\u00e0\",\"bonta'\"],[\"dolcezza\"],[\"spensieratezza\"],[\"severit\\u00e0\",\"severita'\"],[\"allegria\"],[\"egoismo\"],[\"superficialit\\u00e0\",\"superficialita'\"],[\"vanit\\u00e0\",\"vanita'\"],[\"sincerit\\u00e0\",\"sincerita'\"],[\"falsit\\u00e0\",\"falsita'\"],[\"timidezza\"],[\"crudelt\\u00e0\",\"crudelta'\"],[\"solitudine\"],[\"maturit\\u00e0\",\"maturita'\"],[\"spigliatezza\"],[\"prudenza\"],[\"pigrizia\"],[\"malinconia\"],[\"invidia\"],[\"onest\\u00e0\",\"onesta'\"],[\"aggressivit\\u00e0\",\"aggressivita'\"],[\"noia\"],[\"simpatia\"],[\"ingenuit\\u00e0\",\"ingenuita'\"],[\"pessimismo\"],[\"ottimismo\"],[\"insicurezza\"],[\"testardaggine\"],[\"socievolezza\"],[\"avarizia\"],[\"romanticismo\"],[\"importanza\"],[\"diligenza\"],[\"amarezza\"],[\"scortesia\"],[\"sofferenza\"],[\"intelligenza\"],[\"razzismo\"],[\"ostilit\\u00e0\",\"ostilita'\"],[\"libert\\u00e0\",\"liberta'\",\"liberazione\"],[\"trasparenza\"],[\"coerenza\"],[\"piacevolezza\"],[\"realt\\u00e0\",\"realta'\",\"realismo\",\"realizzazione\"],[\"eccitazione\",\"eccitamento\"],[\"rettitudine\"],[\"infezione\"]]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Seven questions about italian adjectives to nouns come up in every B1 class. The answers below draw on classroom usage and on the Treccani reference entry <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/nomi-deaggettivali_(Enciclopedia-dell&#039;Italiano)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deaggettivali, nomi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-an-q1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What does it mean to turn an adjective into a noun?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It means naming the quality the adjective describes so you can refer to it directly. Bello (the painting is beautiful) becomes bellezza (the beauty of the painting). The adjective describes; the derived noun lets you make the quality the subject, count it, qualify it. These are abstract nouns like felicita, pazienza, gentilezza, and Italian builds them with a small set of suffixes attached to the adjective root.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-an-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I choose between -ezza and -ita?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Rough rule: plain everyday adjectives lean to -ezza (bello to bellezza, lento to lentezza), while adjectives in -ile, -ale and many learned bases lean to -ita (abile to abilita, nazionale to nazionalita). -ezza is especially common with bases that look like past participles. When unsure, say both aloud: the wrong one usually sounds wrong immediately. Both are feminine.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-an-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why do some of these nouns sound insulting?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because the suffix carries the attitude. -aggine (stupidaggine, testardaggine) and -eria (sciatteria) label foolish or sloppy behaviour, and -ume (sudiciume) suggests an unpleasant mass. -ata marks a single silly act (una stupidata). These are not neutral nouns: choose them on purpose, not by accident, or you will sound harsher than you mean to.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-an-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I know if the noun is masculine or feminine?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The suffix decides. Feminine: -ezza, -ita \/ -ta, -ia \/ -izia, -anza \/ -enza, -ura, -tudine (la bellezza, la liberta, la pigrizia, la pazienza, la bravura, la solitudine). Masculine: -ismo, -ume (il fatalismo, il sudiciume). If you can name the suffix you can almost always name the article without memorizing each word.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-an-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can one adjective give two different nouns?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, and they usually split the meaning rather than duplicate it. From alto you get altezza (height of a person or object) and altitudine (altitude above sea level). A bookshelf has altezza, a mountain pass has altitudine; you cannot swap them. When two nouns share a root, assume each took a different slice of meaning and check the exact sense before using one.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-an-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can every adjective become a noun this way?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Only descriptive quality adjectives, the ones you can put after essere (il quadro e bello), produce these nouns. Relational adjectives that mean belonging to X resist it: popolare meaning famous gives popolarita, but popolare meaning of the people does not. Quick test: if the adjective can follow e and describe a quality, it almost certainly has a quality noun; if it only classifies (comunale, ferroviario), it usually does not.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-an-q7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is there one suffix that works like English -ness?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. English adds -ness to almost anything; Italian has no single all-purpose suffix. Each adjective takes a specific one, and about thirty suffixes exist in total though only a handful are genuinely productive today. The practical approach is to learn the five main families (-ezza, -ita, -ia, -anza\/-enza, plus the negative -aggine\/-ume), guess from those, and verify the result.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Three guides that sit next to italian adjectives to nouns in the word-building cluster, plus the institutional reference.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italia-verbs-into-nouns-basic-prefixes-quiz\/\">Italian Verbs into Nouns<\/a>: the companion guide, turning verbs into nouns with -zione, -mento, -aggio.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-neuter-plurals\/\">Italian Neuter Plurals<\/a>: how gender and plural work once you have built the noun.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-plurals-che-ghi\/\">Italian Plurals -che and -ghi<\/a>: the spelling rule for the plural of -cia and -zia nouns.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/nomi-deaggettivali_(Enciclopedia-dell&#039;Italiano)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani: deaggettivali, nomi<\/a>: institutional reference on deadjectival nouns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Turning italian adjectives to nouns means taking a quality word like bello and naming the quality itself: bellezza. A small set of suffixes does almost all the work: -ezza (bello to bellezza), -it\u00e0 \/ -t\u00e0 (abile to abilit\u00e0, libero to libert\u00e0), -ia \/ -izia (avaro to avarizia), plus a few with attitude &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Adjectives into Nouns: The Suffix Rules\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-adjectives-to-nouns-learn-basic-prefixes-quiz\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Adjectives into Nouns: The Suffix Rules\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1865],"tags":[627,16],"class_list":["post-21802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b1","tag-italian-adjectives","tag-italian-nouns","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21802"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60200,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21802\/revisions\/60200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}