{"id":20992,"date":"2018-11-15T01:37:43","date_gmt":"2018-11-14T16:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=20992"},"modified":"2026-06-04T02:48:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T17:48:47","slug":"other-italian-prepositions-preposizioni-improprie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/other-italian-prepositions-preposizioni-improprie\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Improper Prepositions: Davanti a, Vicino a, Lungo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <em><strong>Italian improper prepositions<\/strong> are words like <em>davanti, vicino, dietro, sopra, fuori, lungo, prima, dopo<\/em> that work as prepositions but are also adverbs (and sometimes nouns). Most of them need a small linking word to govern a noun: <em>davanti alla finestra<\/em>, <em>vicino alla porta<\/em>, <em>prima di cena<\/em>, <em>a causa del traffico<\/em>. Before a personal pronoun many take <em>di<\/em>: <em>sopra di me<\/em>, <em>dietro di te<\/em>. This guide sorts every type of italian improper prepositions, the linking word each needs, and the meaning shifts of <em>fuori di \/ fuori da<\/em> and <em>oltre \/ oltre a<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The simple prepositions (di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra) are a closed list of nine. Italian improper prepositions are an open, much larger set, and the only real difficulty is the linking word: get that right and the whole group falls into place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-ip\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-ip gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What an improper preposition is<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#plusa\">The &#8220;+ a&#8221; group: davanti a, vicino a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#plusdi\">The &#8220;+ di&#8221; group: prima di, invece di<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pronoun\">Before a pronoun: sopra di me<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#shift\">When the linking word changes the meaning<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#locuzioni\">Prepositional phrases: a causa di, in mezzo a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#adverb\">Adverb or preposition?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#regional\">Vicino casa: the regional drop<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: moving into a Padova flat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: every linking word<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What an improper preposition is<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Move into a new flat in Padova and you cannot say one sentence without them: <em>il divano davanti alla finestra<\/em>, <em>la libreria vicino alla porta<\/em>, <em>gli scatoloni dietro l&#8217;armadio<\/em>. Words like <em>davanti, vicino, dietro, sopra, fuori, dentro, lungo<\/em> are called improper prepositions because they are not born prepositions: the same word can be an adverb (<em>guarda davanti<\/em>, look ahead) or even a noun (<em>il davanti della casa<\/em>, the front of the house). Only when they introduce a noun do they act as italian improper prepositions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contrast is with the nine simple prepositions (di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra), a tiny closed set that does nothing else. Italian improper prepositions are an open, growing group, and almost all of them lean on a simple preposition, usually <em>a<\/em> or <em>di<\/em>, to connect to the noun. That linking word is the whole game.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-ip-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The one question.<\/strong> <em>For every one of the italian improper prepositions, ask only: does it take a, di, or nothing before the noun? Learn the linking word and the rest is easy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"plusa\">The &#8220;+ a&#8221; group: davanti a, vicino a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The largest family of italian improper prepositions links with <em>a<\/em>. Most of these describe position or direction, and the <em>a<\/em> is not optional in standard Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Il divano va davanti alla finestra, non accanto alla porta.<\/em><br>The sofa goes in front of the window, not next to the door.<\/li>\n<li><em>Mettiamo la libreria vicino all&#8217;ingresso.<\/em><br>Let&#8217;s put the bookcase near the entrance.<\/li>\n<li><em>C&#8217;\u00e8 troppa roba in mezzo alla stanza.<\/em><br>There&#8217;s too much stuff in the middle of the room.<\/li>\n<li><em>Lo scatolone \u00e8 in fondo al corridoio.<\/em><br>The big box is at the end of the corridor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The core list to memorize: <em>davanti a, accanto a, vicino a, intorno a, attorno a, di fronte a, in mezzo a, in fondo a, in cima a, fino a, insieme a<\/em>. They all behave the same way, so once <em>davanti a<\/em> is automatic, the rest of these italian improper prepositions follow the identical pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"plusdi\">The &#8220;+ di&#8221; group: prima di, invece di<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A second family of italian improper prepositions links with <em>di<\/em>. These lean more towards time, comparison and reason than physical position.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Prima di montare il letto, dipingiamo la parete.<\/em><br>Before assembling the bed, let&#8217;s paint the wall.<\/li>\n<li><em>Invece di buttare quella sedia, la regaliamo.<\/em><br>Instead of throwing that chair away, we&#8217;ll give it away.<\/li>\n<li><em>A causa del traffico siamo arrivati tardi a Padova.<\/em><br>Because of the traffic we arrived in Padua late.<\/li>\n<li><em>Riguardo all&#8217;affitto, ne parliamo domani.<\/em><br>Regarding the rent, we&#8217;ll talk about it tomorrow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Core list: <em>prima di, invece di, a causa di, per via di, al posto di, al di l\u00e0 di, al di sopra di, riguardo a<\/em> (this one keeps <em>a<\/em>). Notice the split: <em>prima di<\/em> takes <em>di<\/em>, but its opposite <em>dopo<\/em> takes nothing (<em>dopo cena<\/em>). That asymmetry is the single thing learners trip on with these italian improper prepositions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pronoun\">Before a pronoun: sopra di me<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here is a rule English never warns you about. Several italian improper prepositions that normally take <em>a<\/em> or nothing switch to <em>di<\/em> when the next word is a personal pronoun (me, te, lui, lei, noi, voi, loro).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Il quadro va sopra il camino.<\/em> but <em>Non metterlo sopra di me!<\/em><br>The picture goes above the fireplace \/ Don&#8217;t put it above me!<\/li>\n<li><em>dietro la porta<\/em> but <em>si \u00e8 nascosto dietro di te<\/em><br>behind the door \/ he hid behind you<\/li>\n<li><em>contro il muro<\/em> but <em>non ho niente contro di lui<\/em><br>against the wall \/ I have nothing against him<\/li>\n<li><em>verso la finestra<\/em> but <em>\u00e8 venuto verso di noi<\/em><br>towards the window \/ he came towards us<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The set that does this includes <em>sopra, sotto, dietro, contro, verso, su, presso, fra\/tra, senza, dentro<\/em>. So it is <em>su di lei<\/em>, never &#8220;su lei&#8221;, and <em>senza di te<\/em>, never &#8220;senza te&#8221; in careful Italian. This pronoun rule is the most useful single fact about italian improper prepositions for sounding natural.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-ip-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Pronoun = + di.<\/strong> <em>sopra\/sotto\/dietro\/contro\/verso\/senza + a noun, but the same words + di + a personal pronoun: sopra di me, senza di te, verso di noi. This is the signature of italian improper prepositions.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shift\">When the linking word changes the meaning<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With a few italian improper prepositions the linking word is not just grammar: it changes the meaning. These pairs are worth memorizing one by one.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Oltre la siepe c&#8217;\u00e8 un albero.<\/em> (beyond) versus <em>Oltre alla siepe c&#8217;\u00e8 un muretto.<\/em> (in addition to)<\/li>\n<li><em>Corse dietro la macchina parcheggiata.<\/em> (behind, stationary) versus <em>Corse dietro alla macchina che partiva.<\/em> (after, moving)<\/li>\n<li><em>I libri sono fuori della scatola.<\/em> (outside, position) versus <em>Ha tirato i libri fuori dalla scatola.<\/em> (out of, motion)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So <em>oltre<\/em> alone is &#8220;beyond&#8221;, <em>oltre a<\/em> is &#8220;besides&#8221;; bare <em>dietro<\/em> is a fixed position, <em>dietro a<\/em> is following something that moves; <em>fuori di<\/em> is location, <em>fuori da<\/em> is movement out. With this handful, the choice inside italian improper prepositions is a meaning choice, not a style one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"locuzioni\">Prepositional phrases: a causa di, in mezzo a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many italian improper prepositions are not single words but fixed multi-word phrases, the <em>locuzioni preposizionali<\/em>. You learn them as whole blocks, exactly as you would a single preposition.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reason:<\/strong> <em>a causa di<\/em>, <em>per via di<\/em>, <em>per colpa di<\/em>, <em>grazie a<\/em> (Siamo in ritardo a causa del traffico)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Position:<\/strong> <em>in mezzo a<\/em>, <em>in fondo a<\/em>, <em>in cima a<\/em>, <em>al posto di<\/em>, <em>nei pressi di<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Reference:<\/strong> <em>riguardo a<\/em>, <em>rispetto a<\/em>, <em>a proposito di<\/em>, <em>nei confronti di<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Goal:<\/strong> <em>al fine di<\/em>, <em>allo scopo di<\/em>, <em>in vista di<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most end in <em>a<\/em> or <em>di<\/em>, which keeps them inside the same logic as the rest of italian improper prepositions. Memorizing them as set phrases (<em>a causa di<\/em>, not <em>a<\/em> + <em>causa<\/em> + <em>di<\/em>) is far more efficient than analyzing them word by word.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"adverb\">Adverb or preposition?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same word is an adverb without a following noun and one of the italian improper prepositions with one. The presence of the linking word tells you which.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Guarda davanti!<\/em> (adverb: look ahead) versus <em>Davanti alla casa c&#8217;\u00e8 un albero.<\/em> (preposition)<\/li>\n<li><em>Vieni dopo.<\/em> (adverb: come later) versus <em>Dopo cena usciamo.<\/em> (preposition)<\/li>\n<li><em>Abita l\u00ec vicino.<\/em> (adverb: nearby) versus <em>Abita vicino a Lucca.<\/em> (preposition)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule of thumb: no noun after it, it is an adverb; a noun after it (usually via <em>a<\/em> or <em>di<\/em>), it is a preposition. This double life is precisely why these italian improper prepositions are called &#8220;improper&#8221;: they were never prepositions to begin with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"regional\">Vicino casa: the regional drop<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You will hear Italians say <em>vicino casa<\/em>, <em>davanti casa<\/em>, <em>fuori porta<\/em>, dropping the linking word. This is common in speech and in several regions, but standard written Italian keeps it: <em>vicino a casa<\/em>, <em>davanti a casa<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spoken \/ regional: <em>Abito vicino casa di mia sorella.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Standard: <em>Abito vicino alla casa di mia sorella.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Fixed exceptions where the drop is normal: <em>fuori citt\u00e0<\/em>, <em>sotto casa<\/em>, <em>sotto Natale<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a learner the safe choice is always to keep the <em>a<\/em> or <em>di<\/em>: it is never wrong. Recognize the dropped form when you hear it, but produce the full one. That keeps your use of italian improper prepositions correct in any register.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Almost every error with italian improper prepositions comes back to the linking word: dropped, swapped, or added where it does not belong. These six are the ones that show up in every B2 class.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dropping the linking word: <em>davanti la finestra<\/em> should be <em>davanti alla finestra<\/em> in standard Italian.<\/li>\n<li>Using <em>a<\/em> instead of <em>di<\/em> before a pronoun: not <em>sopra a me<\/em> but <em>sopra di me<\/em>, not <em>senza te<\/em> but <em>senza di te<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Giving <em>dopo<\/em> a <em>di<\/em>: it is <em>dopo cena<\/em>, not <em>dopo di cena<\/em> (but <em>dopo di te<\/em> with a pronoun).<\/li>\n<li>Confusing <em>oltre la<\/em> (beyond) with <em>oltre alla<\/em> (besides), or <em>fuori di<\/em> (position) with <em>fuori da<\/em> (motion).<\/li>\n<li>Splitting set phrases: <em>a causa di<\/em> is one block; do not translate it piece by piece.<\/li>\n<li>Treating <em>davanti<\/em> as always a preposition. With no noun it is an adverb: <em>guarda davanti<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: moving into a Padova flat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorenzo and Caterina are arranging furniture on moving day in a Padova flat. Listen for the linking word after each of these italian improper prepositions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-ip\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Allora, il divano lo mettiamo davanti alla finestra o vicino al termosifone?<br><em>So, do we put the sofa in front of the window or near the radiator?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Davanti alla finestra. Prima di decidere, per\u00f2, spostiamo gli scatoloni in mezzo alla stanza.<br><em>In front of the window. Before deciding, though, let&#8217;s move the boxes to the middle of the room.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> La libreria invece la mettiamo dietro la porta, cos\u00ec non d\u00e0 fastidio.<br><em>The bookcase, on the other hand, we&#8217;ll put behind the door, so it&#8217;s out of the way.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Dietro la porta non ci sta. Mettiamola accanto al divano, in fondo alla parete.<br><em>It won&#8217;t fit behind the door. Let&#8217;s put it next to the sofa, at the end of the wall.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> E il quadro? Sopra il camino o sopra di me, qui dove sono adesso?<br><em>And the picture? Above the fireplace or above me, here where I am now?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Sopra il camino, \u00e8 il posto migliore. Invece di appenderlo subito, aspettiamo di tinteggiare.<br><em>Above the fireplace, it&#8217;s the best spot. Instead of hanging it now, let&#8217;s wait until we paint.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Giusto. A causa del trasloco non abbiamo ancora i pennelli. Li compro vicino a casa.<br><em>Right. Because of the move we don&#8217;t have brushes yet. I&#8217;ll buy them near home.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Lorenzo:<\/strong> Perfetto. Senza di te non ne uscivo vivo da questo trasloco.<br><em>Perfect. Without you I wouldn&#8217;t have come out of this move alive.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice the linking words: <em>davanti alla, vicino al, prima di, in mezzo alla, dietro la, accanto al, in fondo alla, sopra il, sopra di me, invece di, a causa del, vicino a, senza di te<\/em>. One moving day runs through every pattern of italian improper prepositions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: every linking word<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table for the whole logic of italian improper prepositions. Keep it open while you do the quiz.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-cheat-ip\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Preposition<\/th><th>Linking word<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>davanti<\/strong><\/td><td>a<\/td><td>davanti alla finestra<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>vicino<\/strong><\/td><td>a<\/td><td>vicino alla porta<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>accanto<\/strong><\/td><td>a<\/td><td>accanto al divano<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>in mezzo \/ in fondo<\/strong><\/td><td>a<\/td><td>in mezzo alla stanza<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>prima<\/strong><\/td><td>di<\/td><td>prima di cena<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>dopo<\/strong><\/td><td>nothing (+di pronoun)<\/td><td>dopo cena \/ dopo di te<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>invece \/ a causa<\/strong><\/td><td>di<\/td><td>invece di uscire<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sopra\/sotto\/dietro\/contro\/verso\/senza<\/strong><\/td><td>nothing (+di pronoun)<\/td><td>sopra il camino \/ sopra di me<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>oltre<\/strong><\/td><td>nothing = beyond \/ a = besides<\/td><td>oltre la siepe \/ oltre alla siepe<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>fuori<\/strong><\/td><td>di = position \/ da = motion<\/td><td>fuori di casa \/ fuori da casa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-ip\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Six sentences with italian improper prepositions. Add the linking word if one is needed (a, di, da, or nothing), then read each sentence aloud once.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il gatto dorme vicino _____ termosifone.<\/li>\n<li>Prima _____ uscire, chiudi le finestre.<\/li>\n<li>Non ho niente contro _____ lui.<\/li>\n<li>Dopo _____ cena facciamo due passi.<\/li>\n<li>Ha tirato la scatola fuori _____ armadio.<\/li>\n<li>Abita oltre _____ ponte, il secondo palazzo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. vicino <strong>al<\/strong> termosifone (a + il) \u00b7 2. prima <strong>di<\/strong> uscire \u00b7 3. contro <strong>di<\/strong> lui (di + pronoun) \u00b7 4. dopo cena, <strong>no linking word<\/strong> \u00b7 5. fuori <strong>dall&#8217;<\/strong>armadio (da = motion out) \u00b7 6. oltre <strong>il<\/strong> ponte, <strong>no<\/strong> a (beyond, not &#8220;besides&#8221;)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below drills italian improper prepositions: the +a and +di groups, the pronoun rule and the meaning shifts. Take it after the cheat sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-ip\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_73\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Improper Prepositions: Davanti a, Vicino a, Lungo\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F20992\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F20992\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"1f453332a3\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20992\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"264\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Cloze: linking word for italian improper prepositions<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"159\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Verifica: spot the correct sentence<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choose the right linking word<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>For each italian improper preposition, pick the linking word (a \/ di \/ da \/ null) that standard Italian uses with that noun or pronoun.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> Ludovica, Bartolomeo, Salvatore and Camillo work together in a furniture restoration bottega in the Quadrilatero, the old artisan quarter in central Bologna. Wardrobes, frames, small wooden objects move around the room every day, so improper prepositions are the bread and butter of every sentence they say.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">Example: Il libro \u00e8 (<strong><u>sopra<\/u><\/strong>, su, su di) il tavolo.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6734\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Ludovica ha sistemato il tavolo da disegno davanti (della, alla, la) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(alla)<\/span><\/span> finestra che d\u00e0 sui portici.<br><em>Ludovica set up the drafting table in front of the window that overlooks the arcades.<\/em><\/li><li>Il vecchio armadio restaurato adesso si trova vicino (del, al, il) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(al)<\/span><\/span> bancone d'ingresso.<br><em>The restored old wardrobe now sits near the entrance counter.<\/em><\/li><li>Bartolomeo ha lasciato gli scarti di legno in mezzo (della, la, alla) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(alla)<\/span><\/span> bottega per due giorni.<br><em>Bartolomeo left the wood scraps in the middle of the workshop for two days.<\/em><\/li><li>Prima (di, a, null) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di)<\/span><\/span> verniciare la cornice, Camillo ha carteggiato il legno con calma.<br><em>Before varnishing the frame, Camillo sanded the wood patiently.<\/em><\/li><li>Invece (a, null, di) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di)<\/span><\/span> buttare la sedia rotta, l'hanno trasformata in un pezzo nuovo.<br><em>Instead of throwing the broken chair away, they turned it into a new piece.<\/em><\/li><li>A causa (dal, per il, del) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(del)<\/span><\/span> ritardo delle vernici, la consegna \u00e8 slittata di una settimana.<br><em>Because of the delay with the paints, the delivery slipped by a week.<\/em><\/li><li>Salvatore ha appeso la stampa nuova sopra (di, a, null) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di)<\/span><\/span> me, proprio sulla parete del mio tavolo.<br><em>Salvatore hung the new print above me, right on the wall by my desk.<\/em><\/li><li>Il restauratore ha chiuso la porta dietro (di, a, null) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di)<\/span><\/span> s\u00e9 senza fare rumore.<br><em>The restorer closed the door behind himself without making a sound.<\/em><\/li><li>Hanno deciso di chiudere la bottega per due giorni senza (null, di, da) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di)<\/span><\/span> noi, tanto era tutto pronto.<br><em>They decided to close the workshop for two days without us, since everything was ready anyway.<\/em><\/li><li>Oltre (al, dello, il) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il)<\/span><\/span> ponte di San Petronio si vede il vecchio quartiere artigiano.<br><em>Beyond the San Petronio bridge you can see the old craftsmen's quarter.<\/em><\/li><li>Bartolomeo ha tirato il cassetto fuori (dall', dell', dal) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dall')<\/span><\/span> armadio con un colpo deciso.<br><em>Bartolomeo pulled the drawer out of the wardrobe with one firm tug.<\/em><\/li><li>Dopo (di, null, a) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(null)<\/span><\/span> cena Ludovica torna sempre in bottega per finire i disegni della settimana.<br><em>After dinner Ludovica always goes back to the workshop to finish the week's drawings.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 of 12. You hear the linking word that improper prepositions ask for, even before pronouns.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Quick recap of the linking-word logic:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li>+a group: <em>davanti alla finestra<\/em>, <em>vicino al bancone<\/em>, <em>in mezzo alla bottega<\/em><\/li>\n<li>+di group: <em>prima di verniciare<\/em>, <em>invece di buttare<\/em>, <em>a causa del ritardo<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pronoun forces di: <em>sopra di me<\/em>, <em>dietro di s\u00e9<\/em>, <em>senza di noi<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Meaning shift: <em>oltre il ponte<\/em> = beyond &middot; <em>oltre alla vernice<\/em> = besides &middot; <em>fuori dall&#8217;armadio<\/em> = motion out<\/li>\n<li><em>dopo cena<\/em> takes nothing (but <em>dopo di te<\/em> with a pronoun)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Three things to listen for at B2:<\/strong> (1) does the improper preposition link with <em>a<\/em>, <em>di<\/em>, or nothing before this noun? (2) is the next word a personal pronoun? then it almost always switches to <em>di<\/em>. (3) is it <em>oltre \/ fuori \/ dietro<\/em>? the linking word is a meaning choice, not a style one.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence in each set of three<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Six classic mistakes B2 learners make with italian improper prepositions. Only ONE sentence per set follows standard Italian.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6735\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> In bottega il tavolo da disegno sta davanti la finestra che d\u00e0 sui portici.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> In bottega il tavolo da disegno sta davanti alla finestra che d\u00e0 sui portici.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> In bottega il tavolo da disegno sta davanti di finestra che d\u00e0 sui portici.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> La mensola che Bartolomeo ha appena montato pende un po' sopra di me.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> La mensola che Bartolomeo ha appena montato pende un po' sopra a me.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> La mensola che Bartolomeo ha appena montato pende un po' sopra me.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Dopo di cena Salvatore torna in bottega per fotografare i pezzi finiti.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Dopo a cena Salvatore torna in bottega per fotografare i pezzi finiti.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Dopo cena Salvatore torna in bottega per fotografare i pezzi finiti.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Oltre alla vernice, hanno finito anche i pennelli pi\u00f9 grandi della bottega.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Oltre la vernice, hanno finito anche i pennelli pi\u00f9 grandi della bottega.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Oltre di vernice, hanno finito anche i pennelli pi\u00f9 grandi della bottega.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> La consegna \u00e8 slittata a causa il traffico bloccato sulla via Emilia.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> La consegna \u00e8 slittata a causa del traffico bloccato sulla via Emilia.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> La consegna \u00e8 slittata per causa del traffico bloccato sulla via Emilia.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Quando entri in bottega, guarda davanti a: la sedia di noce \u00e8 proprio l\u00ec.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Quando entri in bottega, guarda davanti di: la sedia di noce \u00e8 proprio l\u00ec.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_73_6735\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Quando entri in bottega, guarda davanti: la sedia di noce \u00e8 proprio l\u00ec.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 of 6. Your ear has caught every linking-word trap.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The six classic traps with italian improper prepositions:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li>Dropping the linking word: <em>davanti alla finestra<\/em>, not <em>davanti la finestra<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Before a pronoun, switch to <em>di<\/em>: <em>sopra di me<\/em>, not <em>sopra a me<\/em> or <em>sopra me<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>dopo<\/em> + noun takes nothing: <em>dopo cena<\/em>, not <em>dopo di cena<\/em> (but <em>dopo di te<\/em> with a pronoun).<\/li>\n<li><em>oltre il ponte<\/em> means &#8220;beyond&#8221;; <em>oltre alla vernice<\/em> means &#8220;besides&#8221;. Different word, different meaning.<\/li>\n<li>Set phrases are blocks: <em>a causa del<\/em>, not <em>a causa il<\/em> or <em>per causa del<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>davanti<\/em> without a noun is an adverb (<em>guarda davanti<\/em>), not a preposition.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Each set targets one common B2 trap. Read each sentence aloud and ask: does the preposition take <em>a<\/em>, <em>di<\/em>, or nothing here? Is the next word a pronoun? Is it part of a fixed locuzione? Two of the three sentences break standard Italian in a way that sounds learner-foreign.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_73',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 73,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"264\":12,\"159\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6734\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6734,\"catId\":264,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"alla\"],[\"al\"],[\"alla\"],[\"di\"],[\"di\"],[\"del\"],[\"di\"],[\"di\"],[\"di\"],[\"il\"],[\"dall'\"],[\"null\"]]},\"6735\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6735,\"catId\":159,\"points\":[0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1],\"correct\":[0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seven questions about italian improper prepositions come up in every B2 class. The answers below draw on classroom usage and on the Crusca note <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/la-reggenza-di-dentro-e-fuori-sopra-e-sotto\/1251\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">La reggenza di dentro e fuori, sopra e sotto<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-ip-q1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is an improper preposition in Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It is a word that works as a preposition but is not born one: davanti, vicino, dietro, sopra, fuori, lungo, prima, dopo. The same word can be an adverb (guarda davanti) or even a noun (il davanti della casa). It acts as a preposition only when it introduces a noun, usually through a linking word. The contrast is with the nine simple prepositions (di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra), a closed set that does nothing else.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ip-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does davanti need an a (davanti alla porta)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because most improper prepositions cannot govern a noun directly: they lean on a simple preposition, almost always a or di. Davanti, vicino, accanto, intorno, in mezzo, in fondo take a (davanti alla porta, vicino al mare). Prima, invece, a causa take di (prima di cena, invece di uscire). In standard written Italian the linking word is not optional.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ip-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is it sopra di me and not sopra a me?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Several improper prepositions switch to di before a personal pronoun (me, te, lui, lei, noi, voi, loro): sopra di me, sotto di te, dietro di lui, contro di noi, verso di loro, senza di te, su di lei. With a normal noun they take a or nothing (sopra il camino, contro il muro), but the pronoun forces di. This is one of the most reliable rules across italian improper prepositions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ip-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between oltre la and oltre alla?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Oltre with no linking word means beyond: oltre la siepe c&#8217;e un albero, beyond the hedge there is a tree. Oltre a means besides, in addition to: oltre alla siepe c&#8217;e un muretto, besides the hedge there is also a low wall. The same split appears in dietro la (behind, stationary) versus dietro alla (after something moving), and fuori di (position) versus fuori da (motion out).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ip-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are prepositional phrases (locuzioni preposizionali)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>They are multi-word improper prepositions learned as fixed blocks: a causa di, per via di, in mezzo a, in fondo a, al posto di, riguardo a, a proposito di, nei confronti di, al fine di. Most end in a or di, so they follow the same linking-word logic. Treat a causa di as one unit, not as a plus causa plus di, and they become easy.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ip-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I say vicino casa without the a?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You will hear vicino casa, davanti casa, fuori porta in speech and in several regions, but standard written Italian keeps the linking word: vicino a casa, davanti a casa. A few fixed expressions normally drop it (fuori citta, sotto casa, sotto Natale). For a learner the safe rule is to keep the a or di: it is never wrong, while dropping it can be.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ip-q7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I know if davanti is an adverb or a preposition?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Look for a following noun. No noun after it, it is an adverb: guarda davanti, vieni dopo, abita li vicino. A noun after it, usually through a or di, it is a preposition: davanti alla casa, dopo cena, vicino a Lucca. This double life, adverb without a noun, preposition with one, is exactly why these words are called improper prepositions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that sit next to italian improper prepositions in the preposition cluster, plus the institutional reference.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-compound-prepositions\/\">Italian Compound Prepositions<\/a>: del, al, dallo, when a simple preposition fuses with the article.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-motion-prepositions\/\">Italian Motion Prepositions<\/a>: a, da, verso, in, fino a for movement and direction.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-preposition-a\/\">Italian Preposition A<\/a>: the simple preposition that so many improper ones lean on.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/la-reggenza-di-dentro-e-fuori-sopra-e-sotto\/1251\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: la reggenza di dentro e fuori, sopra e sotto<\/a>: institutional note.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian improper prepositions are words like davanti, vicino, dietro, sopra, fuori, lungo, prima, dopo that work as prepositions but are also adverbs (and sometimes nouns). Most of them need a small linking word to govern a noun: davanti alla finestra, vicino alla porta, prima di cena, a causa del traffico. Before a &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Improper Prepositions: Davanti a, Vicino a, Lungo\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/other-italian-prepositions-preposizioni-improprie\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Improper Prepositions: Davanti a, Vicino a, Lungo\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1866],"tags":[1296,1314,1297,1315,1298,1299,1300,1316,1301,1099,1101,1100,1317,1109,1318,1302,1303,1319,1320,1321,1322,1323,1190,1102,1324,1325,1326,1327,1328,1329,1330,1331,1304,1332,1333,1096,1334,1305,1306,1034,1307,1335,1336,1337,1338,1308,1339,1108,1340,1309,1310,1311,1341,1098,1342,1097,1343,1344,1312,1345,1313,1095,1346],"class_list":["post-20992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b2","tag-appresso","tag-attorno","tag-attraverso","tag-avanti","tag-causa","tag-circa","tag-contro","tag-contro-di","tag-dato","tag-davanti","tag-dentro","tag-dietro","tag-dietro-di","tag-dopo","tag-dopo-di","tag-durante","tag-eccetto","tag-entro","tag-escluso","tag-fin-da-sin-da","tag-fino","tag-fino-a-sino-a","tag-fuorche","tag-fuori","tag-in-base-a","tag-in-cambio-di","tag-in-cima-a","tag-in-confronto-a","tag-in-mezzo-a","tag-in-quanto-a","tag-innanzi","tag-insieme-a","tag-intorno","tag-intorno-a","tag-invece-di","tag-lontano","tag-lontano-da","tag-lungo","tag-mediante","tag-nonostante","tag-oltre","tag-oltre-a","tag-per-conto-di","tag-per-mezzo-di","tag-per-mezzo-di-grazie-a","tag-presso","tag-presso-di","tag-prima","tag-rasente","tag-salvo","tag-secondo","tag-senza","tag-senza-di","tag-sopra","tag-sopra-di","tag-sotto","tag-sotto-di","tag-stante","tag-tramite","tag-tranne","tag-verso","tag-vicino","tag-vicino-a","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20992"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62247,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20992\/revisions\/62247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}