{"id":20108,"date":"2018-04-16T06:34:44","date_gmt":"2018-04-15T21:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=20108"},"modified":"2026-04-22T02:42:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T17:42:06","slug":"italian-infinitive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-infinitive\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Infinitive: Uses, Past Form, and Seven Functions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>In short:<\/strong> <em>The Italian infinitive (<\/em>infinito<em>) is the un-conjugated dictionary form of the verb \u2014 <\/em>parlare, credere, dormire<em> \u2014 and one of the three &#8220;indefinite moods&#8221; (<\/em>modi indefiniti<em>) along with <\/em>gerundio<em> and <\/em>participio<em>. Beyond the basic three conjugation groups, the Italian infinitive has a past form (<\/em>aver mangiato<em>, <\/em>essere andato<em>), seven distinct semantic functions inside subordinate clauses (time, cause, purpose, manner, consequence, condition, exception), a role as a standalone noun, and one surprising job as the negative <\/em>tu<em> imperative. This guide covers all of it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most guides to the Italian infinitive stop at the three conjugation endings and the &#8220;after prepositions&#8221; rule. This one goes further: the <em>infinito composto<\/em>, the seven functions that make the infinitive one of the most productive constructions in Italian syntax, the da + infinito idioms (<em>buono da morire<\/em>, <em>tutto da ridere<\/em>), and the tricky preposition choice after verbs (<em>iniziare a<\/em> vs <em>finire di<\/em>). Level B1. Dialog, cheat sheet, mini challenge, quiz and FAQ at the end.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the Italian infinitive?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Italian infinitive is the base form of the verb, the one you find in a dictionary entry. It does not carry information about a subject (person, number) or about time (present, past, future). Italian linguists classify it as a <strong>modo indefinito<\/strong> \u2014 an &#8220;indefinite mood&#8221; \u2014 alongside the <em>gerundio<\/em> and the <em>participio<\/em>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/infinito_(Enciclopedia-dell&#039;Italiano)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treccani entry on <em>infinito<\/em><\/a> defines it as the form that expresses the action stripped of person and time, leaving the context of another verb to anchor both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Preferisco <strong>leggere<\/strong> al mare.<\/em> (I prefer to read at the beach. Subject <em>io<\/em> comes from <em>preferisco<\/em>.)<\/li><li><em><strong>Guidare<\/strong> nel traffico di Roma \u00e8 davvero faticoso.<\/em> (Driving in Rome traffic is really tiring. The infinitive here is the subject itself.)<\/li><li><em>Non <strong>parlare<\/strong> con la bocca piena!<\/em> (Don&#8217;t talk with your mouth full! The infinitive is an imperative addressed to <em>tu<\/em>.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Italian has three conjugation groups, identified by the infinitive ending: <strong>-are<\/strong> (<em>parlare<\/em>, first group), <strong>-ere<\/strong> (<em>credere<\/em>, second group), <strong>-ire<\/strong> (<em>dormire<\/em>, third group). Every other Italian verb form derives from one of these three endings, which is why learning the infinitive is the entry point to the entire verbal system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Infinito semplice and infinito composto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Italian infinitive has two tenses: <strong>semplice<\/strong> (simple) and <strong>composto<\/strong> (compound). Some textbooks label them <em>infinito presente<\/em> and <em>infinito passato<\/em>, but the labels are misleading: the infinitive has no tense of its own, only aspect (ongoing or completed) relative to the main verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>MANGIARE (avere)<\/th><th>PARTIRE (essere)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Semplice<\/td><td>mangiare<\/td><td>partire<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Composto<\/td><td>avere mangiato (or aver mangiato)<\/td><td>essere partito \/ partita \/ partiti \/ partite<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>infinito composto<\/em> is built with the infinitive of the auxiliary <em>avere<\/em> or <em>essere<\/em> plus the past participle. The same auxiliary choice as the passato prossimo and trapassato prossimo applies: transitive verbs take <em>avere<\/em>, motion and reflexive verbs take <em>essere<\/em>. Note the optional apocope of <em>avere<\/em> \u2192 <em>aver<\/em> before the participle (<em>aver fatto<\/em>, <em>aver detto<\/em>), which is the form you hear most in careful speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Prima di <strong>mangiare<\/strong>, mi lavo le mani.<\/em> (semplice, action simultaneous or later than the main clause)<\/li><li><em>Dopo <strong>aver mangiato<\/strong>, faccio un pisolino sul divano.<\/em> (composto, action before the main clause)<\/li><li><em>Dopo <strong>essere andata<\/strong> in palestra, Laura torna a casa stremata.<\/em> (composto with essere, participle agrees with Laura)<\/li><li><em>Mario si scus\u00f2 per <strong>aver dimenticato<\/strong> l&#8217;appuntamento.<\/em> (retrospective cause)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-obs1\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>WordReference insight.<\/strong> <em>In the thread &#8220;Modi indefiniti \u2014 sono sempre intercambiabili?&#8221; anglophone learners ask whether infinito, gerundio and participio can be swapped. Native speakers in the thread are blunt: no. Each indefinite mood carries a different shade (the infinito names the action, the gerundio describes manner or contemporary action, the participio describes state or prior action). Mixing them up is one of the clearest markers of a non-native speaker.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The seven functions of the Italian infinitive in subordinate clauses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where the Italian infinitive really earns its keep. Inside a subordinate clause, the infinitive can replace a full conjugated verb and signal seven different semantic relationships with the main clause. Italian calls this pattern the <em>proposizione implicita<\/em> (&#8220;implicit clause&#8221;): shorter, lighter, and very native-sounding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Temporal (quando?)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implicit: <em>Dopo <strong>aver cenato<\/strong>, si \u00e8 addormentata sul divano.<\/em><\/li><li>Explicit: <em>Dopo che aveva cenato, si \u00e8 addormentata sul divano.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Hypothetical (se&#8230;?)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implicit: <em>Mi annoierei a <strong>vivere<\/strong> in un paesino di cinquecento anime.<\/em><\/li><li>Explicit: <em>Mi annoierei se vivessi in un paesino di cinquecento anime.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Final (a quale scopo?)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implicit: <em>Ho portato la bambina al parco per <strong>farla<\/strong> correre un po&#8217;.<\/em><\/li><li>Explicit: <em>Ho portato la bambina al parco affinch\u00e9 corresse un po&#8217;.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Consecutive (con quali conseguenze?)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implicit: <em>Era cos\u00ec innamorato da <strong>chiederle<\/strong> di sposarlo dopo tre mesi.<\/em><\/li><li>Explicit: <em>Era cos\u00ec innamorato che le ha chiesto di sposarlo dopo tre mesi.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Causal (perch\u00e9?)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implicit: <em>Per <strong>aver servito<\/strong> il paese con onore, ha ricevuto una medaglia.<\/em><\/li><li>Explicit: <em>Poich\u00e9 aveva servito il paese con onore, ha ricevuto una medaglia.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Modal (come?)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implicit: <em>Sono usciti dalla riunione senza <strong>salutare<\/strong> nessuno.<\/em><\/li><li>Explicit: <em>Sono usciti dalla riunione senza che salutassero nessuno.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Exceptive (tranne&#8230;)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implicit: <em>A mio zio piace ogni sport, eccetto <strong>correre<\/strong> la maratona.<\/em><\/li><li>Explicit: <em>A mio zio piace ogni sport, eccetto la corsa della maratona.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You do not have to memorise the seven labels. What matters is noticing how many things the Italian infinitive can express on its own, without a second conjugated verb. Once you start listening for it, you will find it in almost every Italian news bulletin and in every everyday conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Italian infinitive after verbs: no preposition required<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A short list of Italian verbs links directly to a following infinitive with no preposition in between. The link is so tight that the two verbs behave almost like a compound predicate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Modal verbs:<\/strong> <em>dovere, potere, volere, sapere<\/em>. <em>Voglio dormire, devo studiare, posso entrare?<\/em> For the full story see the <a href=\"\/eng\/italian-modal-verbs-dovere-potere-volere-sapere\/\">Italian modal verbs guide<\/a>.<\/li><li><strong>Verbs of perception:<\/strong> <em>vedere, sentire, ascoltare, guardare, osservare<\/em>. <em>Vedo crescere i miei figli. Sento cantare gli uccelli.<\/em> The implied subject of the infinitive is the object of the main verb.<\/li><li><strong>Verbs of preference:<\/strong> <em>preferire, amare, piacere, detestare<\/em>. <em>Preferirei lavorare la domenica che il sabato. Mi piace cucinare.<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Impersonal verbs:<\/strong> <em>basta, bisogna, conviene, serve, occorre<\/em>. <em>Non serve insistere. Bisogna prenotare in anticipo.<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Fare and lasciare in causative constructions:<\/strong> <em>Ti faccio vedere la casa. Lascialo parlare, per favore.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Italian infinitive after a preposition: di, a, da, per<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Every time an Italian preposition is followed by a verb, that verb is in the infinitive u2014 never in a gerund, never in a finite form. This is one of the sharpest contrasts with English, where after <em>after, before, by, without<\/em> the verb takes the <em>-ing<\/em> form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Prima di <strong>uscire<\/strong>, chiudi sempre la porta a chiave. (Before leaving, always lock the door.)<\/li><li>Senza <strong>dire<\/strong> una parola, si u00e8 alzato ed u00e8 andato via. (Without saying a word, he got up and left.)<\/li><li>u00c8 uscito per <strong>fare<\/strong> una passeggiata nel parco. (He went out to take a walk.)<\/li><li>Invece di <strong>lamentarti<\/strong>, prova a cercare una soluzione. (Instead of complaining, try to find a solution.)<\/li><\/ul>nnnn<p>The tricky part is the preposition that links a conjugated verb to a following infinitive. Some Italian verbs ask for <em>di<\/em>, others for <em>a<\/em>, a handful take no preposition at all. This split is pure vocabulary: learn the verb with its preposition.<\/p>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>a + infinito:<\/strong> <em>iniziare a, cominciare a, continuare a, abituarsi a, riuscire a, imparare a, mandare a, aiutare a.<\/em> <em>Ho iniziato <strong>a studiare<\/strong> il cinese l&#8217;anno scorso.<\/em><\/li><li><strong>di + infinito:<\/strong> <em>finire di, smettere di, cercare di, decidere di, accettare di, pensare di, ricordarsi di, dimenticarsi di, chiedere di.<\/em> <em>Ho finito <strong>di lavare<\/strong> i piatti un&#8217;ora fa.<\/em><\/li><li><strong>da + infinito:<\/strong> <em>guardarsi da, tenersi da, dissuadere da.<\/em> Rarer than the other two.<\/li><\/ul>nnnn<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/iniziare-cominciare-a-fare-qualcosa-pensare-di-fare-qualcosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Accademia della Crusca<\/a> has addressed the question of which preposition pairs with which verb more than once, confirming what textbooks state: there is no single rule, only a lexical list to absorb by reading and listening.<\/p>nnnn<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Da + infinito: obligation and idiomatic emphasis<\/h2>nnnn<p>The preposition <em>da<\/em> plus an Italian infinitive has two distinctive uses that deserve their own spotlight. First, <strong>da + infinito<\/strong> after a noun expresses what must be done, can be done, or is available to do u2014 close to the English &#8220;to&#8221; + infinitive in &#8220;a book to read&#8221;.<\/p>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Non ho niente <strong>da fare<\/strong> oggi pomeriggio, mi annoio a morte.<\/em> (I have nothing to do this afternoon.)<\/li><li><em>Ho comprato un libro <strong>da leggere<\/strong> sul treno per Napoli.<\/em> (I bought a book to read on the train.)<\/li><li><em>La casa u00e8 da rifare completamente: muri, bagno, cucina.<\/em> (The house needs a full renovation.)<\/li><li><em>Ho un sacco <strong>di cose da sistemare<\/strong> prima di partire per le vacanze.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>nnnn<p>The second use is <strong>idiomatic<\/strong>: <em>da + infinito<\/em> after <em>essere<\/em> or after certain adjectives expresses extreme intensity. Native speakers reach for this construction constantly in informal speech.<\/p>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Questo tiramisu00f9 u00e8 buono <strong>da morire<\/strong>.<\/em> (This tiramisu00f9 is to die for.)<\/li><li><em>La situazione al lavoro u00e8 <strong>da piangere<\/strong> ogni lunedu00ec mattina.<\/em> (The situation at work is a disaster every Monday morning.)<\/li><li><em>Quel film u00e8 tutto <strong>da ridere<\/strong>, vallo a vedere.<\/em> (That film is hilarious from start to finish.)<\/li><li><em>Roba <strong>da matti<\/strong>, non riesco a crederci.<\/em> (Crazy stuff, I can&#8217;t believe it.)<\/li><\/ul>nnn<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-obs2\">nn<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>A or da before the infinitive? A real WR thread.<\/strong> <em>Anglophone learners regularly ask on WordReference whether &#8220;buono a sapersi&#8221; and &#8220;buono da sapere&#8221; mean the same thing. The short answer native speakers give: &#8220;buono a sapersi&#8221; is the idiomatic fixed expression (good to know), while &#8220;buono da + infinito&#8221; belongs to the intensity family (buono da morire). The preposition choice is not interchangeable, it is fossilised by usage.<\/em><\/p>nn<\/div>nnn<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Italian infinitive as a noun: il bere, il fare, il dire<\/h2>nnnn<p>Italian lets the infinitive stand on its own as a noun, with or without a definite article. English usually translates these sentences with an <em>-ing<\/em> form. The pattern is short, elegant, and very productive in literary and spoken Italian alike.<\/p>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><strong>Leggere<\/strong> u00e8 uno dei miei passatempi preferiti la domenica.<\/em> (Reading is one of my favourite Sunday pastimes.)<\/li><li><em>Tra il <strong>dire<\/strong> e il <strong>fare<\/strong> c&#8217;u00e8 di mezzo il mare.<\/em> (Proverbial: &#8220;Between saying and doing there is the sea&#8221; u2014 easier said than done.)<\/li><li><em><strong>Andare<\/strong> al mercato u00e8 meglio che fare la spesa online.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Il troppo <strong>lavorare<\/strong> non fa bene alla salute.<\/em> (Working too much isn&#8217;t good for your health.)<\/li><\/ul>nnnn<p>When the substantivised infinitive takes an article, Italian treats it grammatically as a masculine singular noun: <em>il bere<\/em>, <em>il fare<\/em>, <em>il parlare di troppo<\/em>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infinito_sostantivato\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikipedia entry on <em>infinito sostantivato<\/em><\/a> traces this feature back to late Latin and notes that Italian is one of the Romance languages where the pattern stayed alive.<\/p>nnnn<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The surprising imperative: non + infinito for informal tu<\/h2>nnnn<p>One specific context flips the Italian infinitive into a direct command: the <strong>negative imperative addressed to <em>tu<\/em><\/strong>. Instead of a conjugated imperative (<em>non parla!<\/em> would sound wrong), Italian uses <em>non + infinito<\/em>.<\/p>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Non <strong>parlare<\/strong> con la bocca piena, te l&#8217;ho detto mille volte!<\/em><\/li><li><em>Non <strong>cominciare<\/strong> senza di me, arrivo tra cinque minuti.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Non <strong>dire<\/strong> bugie, si vede sempre quando menti.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Non <strong>toccare<\/strong> il forno, scotta!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>nnnn<p>For <em>voi<\/em>, <em>Lei<\/em> and <em>noi<\/em> the Italian negative imperative behaves regularly (<em>non parlate<\/em>, <em>non parli<\/em>, <em>non parliamo<\/em>). Only the <em>tu<\/em> form uses the infinitive u2014 a small but striking asymmetry in the Italian mood system.<\/p>nnnn<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/h2>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>u274c Using the gerund after a preposition.<\/strong> <em>*Prima di uscendo, chiudi la porta.<\/em> Italian needs the infinitive: <em>prima di uscire<\/em>. English <em>-ing<\/em> almost always maps to Italian <em>-are\/-ere\/-ire<\/em> after a preposition.<\/li><li><strong>u274c Saying &#8220;non parla!&#8221; for negative tu.<\/strong> Use <em>non parlare!<\/em> (infinitive), never a conjugated form.<\/li><li><strong>u274c Confusing <em>a<\/em> and <em>di<\/em> before the infinitive.<\/strong> <em>*Ho finito a mangiare<\/em>. The verb <em>finire<\/em> pairs with <em>di<\/em>: <em>Ho finito di mangiare<\/em>. Learn the preposition together with the verb.<\/li><li><strong>u274c Forgetting participle agreement with <em>essere<\/em> in the <em>infinito composto<\/em>.<\/strong> <em>*Dopo essere andato, Laura tornata a casa<\/em>. Laura is feminine: <em>Dopo essere andata<\/em>.<\/li><li><strong>u274c Dropping the auxiliary in <em>aver fatto<\/em>.<\/strong> The apocope gives <em>aver<\/em>, not no-form at all. <em>Dopo fatto i compiti<\/em> is wrong; <em>dopo aver fatto i compiti<\/em> is right.<\/li><\/ul>nnn<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-dialog\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">nn<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dialog: Elena and Pietro organise a camping weekend<\/h3>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Allora, cosa serve <em>portare<\/em> per il weekend in campeggio?<br><em>So, what do we need to bring for the camping weekend?<\/em><\/li><li>\ud83e\uddd4\ud83c\udffc <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Prima di <em>partire<\/em>, dobbiamo <em>controllare<\/em> la tenda: l&#8217;ultima volta era tutta da <em>asciugare<\/em>.<br><em>Before leaving, we have to check the tent: last time it needed drying.<\/em><\/li><li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Giusto. E non <em>dimenticare<\/em> le torce elettriche come l&#8217;anno scorso, per favore.<br><em>Right. And don&#8217;t forget the flashlights like last year, please.<\/em><\/li><li>\ud83e\uddd4\ud83c\udffc <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Tranquilla. Dopo <em>aver fatto<\/em> la spesa, passo in ferramenta a <em>prenderne<\/em> due nuove.<br><em>Don&#8217;t worry. After doing the shopping, I&#8217;ll stop at the hardware store to get two new ones.<\/em><\/li><li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> <em>Guidare<\/em> di notte in montagna \u00e8 pericoloso, meglio partire presto sabato mattina.<br><em>Driving at night in the mountains is dangerous, better to leave early Saturday morning.<\/em><\/li><li>\ud83e\uddd4\ud83c\udffc <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> S\u00ec, anche perch\u00e9 dopo <em>essere arrivati<\/em>, ci sono almeno due ore di sentiero a piedi.<br><em>Yes, also because after arriving there are at least two hours of hiking on foot.<\/em><\/li><li>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Ho <em>di che ridere<\/em>: mia madre mi ha detto &#8220;non <em>lamentarti<\/em> se piove&#8221;. Invece \u00e8 previsto sole per tutto il weekend.<br><em>It&#8217;s funny: my mother told me &#8220;don&#8217;t complain if it rains&#8221;. Instead the forecast is sunny all weekend.<\/em><\/li><li>\ud83e\uddd4\ud83c\udffc <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Bene. Mi piace <em>camminare<\/em> con questo tempo, senza <em>sudare<\/em> ogni due minuti.<br><em>Good. I like walking in this kind of weather, without sweating every two minutes.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>nnnn<p>Count the Italian infinitives in that eight-turn exchange: <em>portare, partire, controllare, asciugare, dimenticare, aver fatto, prenderne, guidare, essere arrivati, ridere, lamentarti, camminare, sudare<\/em>. Over a dozen infinitives in less than a minute of conversation. Simple infinitives, compound infinitives, negative imperative (<em>non lamentarti<\/em>), <em>da + infinito<\/em> idiom (<em>di che ridere<\/em>). That is how dense the Italian infinitive is in everyday speech.<\/p>nn<\/div><\/div>nn<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-cheat\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">nn<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x1F4CC; Cheat sheet: Italian infinitive in seven moves<\/h3>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Three groups:<\/strong> -are, -ere, -ire. <em>parlare, credere, dormire<\/em>.<\/li><li><strong>Two tenses:<\/strong> semplice (mangiare) and composto (aver mangiato \/ essere andato). Composto means action completed before the main clause.<\/li><li><strong>Seven functions<\/strong> inside a subordinate clause: temporal, hypothetical, final, consecutive, causal, modal, exceptive. Italian loves implicit clauses.<\/li><li><strong>No preposition after:<\/strong> modal verbs, perception verbs (vedere, sentire), preference verbs (piacere, preferire), impersonal verbs (bisogna, basta).<\/li><li><strong>Preposition link:<\/strong> <em>a<\/em> for iniziare, cominciare, imparare, riuscire. <em>Di<\/em> for finire, smettere, cercare, decidere. Learn verb + preposition together.<\/li><li><strong>Da + infinito:<\/strong> after a noun (cose da fare), in idiomatic intensity (buono da morire, tutto da ridere).<\/li><li><strong>As a noun:<\/strong> leggere \u00e8 bello. As negative <em>tu<\/em> imperative: non parlare!<\/li><\/ul>nn<\/div><\/div>nnn<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mini-challenge\">&#x1F3AF; Mini challenge: the Italian infinitive<\/h2>nnnn<div class=\"mini-challenge\" style=\"border:1px solid #dddddd;border-radius:8px;padding:20px 25px;margin:20px 0\">n<p><strong>Pick the right form of the infinitive, or the right preposition before it.<\/strong><\/p>n<ol>n<li>Prima di ___ (uscire), spegni la luce.<\/li>n<li>Ho finito ___ leggere il romanzo che mi avevi prestato.<\/li>n<li>Ho iniziato ___ studiare il giapponese a quarant&#8217;anni.<\/li>n<li>Dopo ___ ___ (mangiare, composto), abbiamo fatto una passeggiata.<\/li>n<li>Non (parla \/ parlare) con la bocca piena!<\/li>n<li>Mi annoierei ___ vivere in un paesino cosu00ec piccolo. (ipotetico implicit)<\/li>n<li>Questa pizza u00e8 buona ___ morire! (idiom)<\/li>n<li>Laura u00e8 uscita senza ___ (salutare).<\/li>n<\/ol>n<details><summary>Show answers<\/summary>n<ol>n<li>uscire<\/li>n<li>di<\/li>n<li>a<\/li>n<li>aver mangiato (or avere mangiato)<\/li>n<li>parlare (negative tu imperative)<\/li>n<li>a (&#8220;a vivere&#8221;, implicit hypothetical)<\/li>n<li>da<\/li>n<li>salutare<\/li>n<\/ol>n<\/details>n<\/div>nnn<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-quiz\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">n<p>n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_114\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 1 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">LOADING QUIZ&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. 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                                          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div 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Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Infinito &#8211; Quiz<\/em><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">LEVEL &#8211; INTERMEDIATE<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Perch\u00e9 non\u00a0riusciamo\u00a0a scacciare\u00a0le mosche?<\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter \" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/it\/thumb\/9\/92\/Diptera_Ifroz.jpg\/240px-Diptera_Ifroz.jpg\" width=\"163\" height=\"163\" \/>Write the following <em>infinito<\/em> verbs at the right place<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">acchiappare &#8211; combinare &#8211; disegnare &#8211; ingannare &#8211; localizzare &#8211; mirare &#8211; renderle &#8211; ronzare &#8211; scivolare &#8211; studiare &#8211; tornare &#8211; vedere &#8211; volare<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"404\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        TENTARE di <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(acchiappare)<\/span><\/span> una mosca con le mani \u00e8 un\u2019impresa ardua: continua a <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ronzare)<\/span><\/span> intorno alla nostra testa e a <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tornare)<\/span><\/span> al punto di partenza. Il motivo? Una prontezza di riflessi superiore alla nostra. Il <em>California Institute of Technology<\/em>, ha scoperto che la velocit\u00e0 d\u2019azione di questi insetti, che hanno un campo visivo di quasi 360 gradi, \u00e8 quasi contemporanea al pensiero: riescono a <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(vedere)<\/span><\/span> da dove proviene la minaccia e a <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(studiare)<\/span><\/span> la via di fuga in appena 100 millisecondi.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nIL RISULTATO suggerisce che il loro cervello possa <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(disegnare)<\/span><\/span> una mappa che riesce a <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(localizzare)<\/span><\/span> la posizione di una minaccia. Allo stesso modo, il cervello delle mosche riuscirebbe a <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(combinare)<\/span><\/span> le informazioni visive e quelle motorie a una velocit\u00e0 tale da <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(renderle)<\/span><\/span> quasi inafferrabili. Per <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ingannare)<\/span><\/span> le mosche c\u2019\u00e8 per\u00f2 una soluzione: <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(scivolare)<\/span><\/span> lentamente con la mano dietro una mosca e <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(mirare)<\/span><\/span> alla traiettoria che si ritiene pi\u00f9 probabile quando inizier\u00e0 a <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(volare)<\/span><\/span>.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nAdapted from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus.it\/mondo-focus\/focus-e-speciali\/focus-dr\/55\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Focus D&amp;R - Gennaio 2018<\/a>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>\u2705 \u00a0Check your answers<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>\u2705 \u00a0Check your answers<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_114',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 114,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 13,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0],\n                    bo: 7552,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: [13],\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"404\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":404,\"catId\":0,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"acchiappare\"],[\"ronzare\"],[\"tornare\"],[\"vedere\"],[\"studiare\"],[\"disegnare\"],[\"localizzare\"],[\"combinare\"],[\"renderle\"],[\"ingannare\"],[\"scivolare\"],[\"mirare\"],[\"volare\"]]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        n<\/p>\nn<\/div><\/div>nnn<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-milano-wrap\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-p20108-milano-grid\">n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-p20108-milano-left\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-milano-left\">nn<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-p20108-milano-title gb-headline-text\">Milano<\/h2>nnnn<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#597e4d\"><strong>Italian group course on Zoom<\/strong><br>Level A2 &#8211; B1<\/p>nnn<div class=\"wp-block-image\">n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano Italian group course on Zoom, A2 to B1\" class=\"wp-image-30995\" style=\"width:200px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure>n<\/div>n<\/div><\/div>nn<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-p20108-milano-right\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-milano-right\">nn<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600\">Beyond the basics, into real Italian.<\/h3>nnnn<p>Milano is our structured small-group course for learners moving from beginner to intermediate. A clear path, a native teacher, and real progress you can feel.<\/p>nnnn<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Live group lessons on Zoom, native teacher<\/li><li>Small classes, max 4 students<\/li><li>Materials in English, practice in Italian<\/li><li>Grammar, vocab, listening, writing<\/li><\/ul>nnn<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-p20108-milano-btn-wrap\">nn<a class=\"gb-button gb-button-p20108-milano-btn gb-button-text\" href=\"\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Learn More<\/a>nn<\/div>n<\/div><\/div>n<\/div>n<\/div><\/div>nnnn<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">FAQ: Italian infinitive<\/h2>nnn<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-inf-q1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the Italian infinitive?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Italian infinitive (infinito) is the un-conjugated form of the verb ending in -are, -ere or -ire: parlare, credere, dormire. It is one of the three indefinite moods together with gerundio and participio. The infinitive does not carry its own subject or tense; it borrows both from the main clause it accompanies.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-inf-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between infinito semplice and infinito composto?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Infinito semplice is the bare form (mangiare, partire). Infinito composto is the compound form built with the infinitive of avere or essere plus the past participle (aver mangiato, essere partito). Infinito semplice expresses an action simultaneous with or later than the main verb; infinito composto expresses an action completed before the main verb. After dopo, Italian uses the composto: dopo aver mangiato, non dopo mangiare.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-inf-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the seven functions of the Italian infinitive in subordinate clauses?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In subordinate clauses the Italian infinitive can express seven semantic roles: temporal (dopo aver cenato), hypothetical (mi annoierei a vivere qui), final (l&#8217;ho portato al cinema per farlo divertire), consecutive (era cosi innamorato da chiederle di sposarlo), causal (per aver lavorato duro), modal (senza salutare), and exceptive (eccetto correre la maratona). Italians use these implicit clauses constantly because they are shorter than the corresponding explicit versions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-inf-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why do Italians say non parlare instead of non parla as a negative command?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Italian negative tu imperative uses non + infinito instead of the regular imperative form. Non parlare means do not speak, non dimenticare means do not forget. For all other persons (voi, Lei, noi) the negative imperative is regular: non parlate, non parli, non parliamo. Only tu uses the infinitive.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-inf-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use a and when di before an Italian infinitive?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The choice is lexical, not grammatical. Some verbs take a + infinitive (iniziare a, cominciare a, imparare a, riuscire a, abituarsi a, mandare a, aiutare a), some take di + infinitive (finire di, smettere di, cercare di, decidere di, accettare di, chiedere di, pensare di), and some take no preposition at all (dovere, potere, volere, sapere, vedere, sentire, piacere). There is no single rule: learn each verb with its preposition.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-inf-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What does buono da morire mean?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Buono da morire literally translates as good to die, but it is an idiomatic Italian intensifier meaning extremely good, to die for. It follows the pattern adjective + da + infinitive for intensity: bello da impazzire, stanco da cadere, brutto da vomitare. The construction is very common in spoken Italian and expresses a high or extreme degree of the quality.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-inf-q7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can the Italian infinitive work as a noun?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, and very naturally. Leggere e uno dei miei passatempi preferiti uses leggere as a subject noun. When the infinitive takes a definite article it is grammatically a masculine singular noun: il dire, il fare, il bere. English usually translates these with a gerund (reading, doing, drinking), but in Italian the infinitive is the correct form.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>nnn<p>Related guides: <a href=\"\/eng\/italian-modal-verbs-dovere-potere-volere-sapere\/\">Italian modal verbs<\/a> (all take the infinitive without a preposition), <a href=\"\/eng\/italian-subordinating-conjunctions\/\">Italian subordinating conjunctions<\/a> (their explicit counterpart to the seven implicit functions), <a href=\"\/eng\/italian-adverbs-complete-guide\/\">Italian adverbs<\/a> (many phrasal forms work around an infinitive), and <a href=\"\/eng\/italian-trapassato-prossimo\/\">Italian trapassato prossimo<\/a> (the compound past tense that shares the <em>avere \/ essere<\/em> + participle architecture).<\/p>n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In short: The Italian infinitive (infinito) is the un-conjugated dictionary form of the verb \u2014 parlare, credere, dormire \u2014 and one of the three &#8220;indefinite moods&#8221; (modi indefiniti) along with gerundio and participio. Beyond the basic three conjugation groups, the Italian infinitive has a past form (aver mangiato, essere andato), seven distinct semantic functions inside &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Infinitive: Uses, Past Form, and Seven Functions\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-infinitive\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Infinitive: Uses, Past Form, and Seven Functions\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":20129,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[1278,38,26,27,1292],"class_list":["post-20108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lingua","tag-gerund","tag-gerundio","tag-infinitive","tag-infinito","tag-modi-indefiniti","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20108"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59447,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20108\/revisions\/59447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}