{"id":1987,"date":"2013-05-17T18:11:51","date_gmt":"2013-05-17T16:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=1987"},"modified":"2023-06-13T23:02:35","modified_gmt":"2023-06-13T14:02:35","slug":"gerundio-the-italian-gerund-is-doing-great-quiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/gerundio-the-italian-gerund-is-doing-great-quiz\/","title":{"rendered":"The Italian Gerundio &#8211; Basic Review and Quiz"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gerundio is an Italian &#8220;indefinite&#8221; mood <\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a very basic post about the Italian Gerund. If your level is intermediate to advanced, you may want to have a <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/il-gerundio-spiegato-italiano-quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">look at this post<\/a> in Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, today we are NOT going through the progressive use of the gerundio (to be doing something or <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/stare-gerundio-esempi-audio-e-quiz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">stare + gerundio<\/a>) which is a particular structure of the Italian gerund. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ok, we can start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The <\/span><em>g<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em>erundio<\/em> has two tenses: semplice (simple) and composto (compound).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-e644a73e gb-headline-text\">Gerundio Semplice (Presente)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8212;-ARE<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8212;-ERE<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8212;-IRE<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ANDANDO<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">BEVENDO<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">DORMENDO<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The <strong><em>Gerundio semplice&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>is a simple tense, without conjugations, it does not change and can be applied to all the personal pronouns expressed by the main clause. There is a relevant difference between the English gerund and the Italian gerundio, so be careful.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">G<em>erundio<\/em>, together with <a title=\"Verbi italiani, Italian verbs, Infinito and Presente Indicativo \u2013 quick guide and quiz\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/2013\/05\/verbi-italiani-italian-verbs-infinito-and-presente-indicativo-quick-guide-and-quiz\/\">Infinito <\/a>and <a title=\"Indicativo, the real deal!\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/2013\/05\/italian-indicativo-the-real-deal\/\">Participio<\/a>,&nbsp;is a mood, a form of a verb that we use for building a so called &#8220;frase subordinata implicita&#8221;:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Subordinat<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>a<\/strong>: the gerundio is always in a dependent clause, near to a&nbsp;main&nbsp;clause. It can&#8217;t live by itself, it does not make complete sense when used alone; &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Implicit<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>a<\/strong>: the Italian <em>gerundio<\/em> has no conjugations, no subject. It just refers to the situation and subject described in the main clause.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The most common use of the <em>gerundio <\/em>is defined as <strong>temporale<\/strong>, describing simultaneous or consecutive events.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 13px; font-size: 14pt;\">Mangio <strong><em>guardando<\/em><\/strong> la televisione<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Mangerete <strong><em>guardando<\/em><\/strong> la televisione<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mangiavamo <span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>guardando<\/em><\/strong> la televisione<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The <em>gerundio<\/em>&nbsp;acts together with the main clause. It can be set in the present, in the future or in the past and it takes the subject of the main clause. The <em>Gerundio<\/em> <em>Semplice<\/em> is often called&nbsp;<em>Gerundio Presente<\/em>, but this label can be misleading, since the gerundio just refers to the main clause. It&#8217;s not a present tense.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The <em>gerundio semplice <\/em>helps to extend the meaning of a stronger independent sentence (main clause) following <strong>four<\/strong> distinct functions<\/span> (<strong>five<\/strong> including the above mentioned <strong>gerundio temporale<\/strong>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>1. Gerundio modale<\/strong>: it desctibes <strong>HOW&nbsp;<\/strong>something is achieved in the main clause. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Luigi studia l&#8217;inglese&nbsp;<strong><em>guardando<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;i film in tiv\u00f9<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Stefano legge un libro <b><i>mettendo&nbsp;<\/i><\/b>gli occhiali<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Carla ha percorso dieci chilometri&nbsp;<strong><em>camminando.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>2. Gerundio causale<\/strong> describes&nbsp;<strong>WHY<\/strong>,&nbsp;the cause of an action happening in&nbsp;the main clause. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Avendo<\/em><\/strong> pochi soldi non ho comprato casa<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Essendo<\/em><\/strong> allergico ai funghi Sergio non ha mangiato il risotto.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Non <strong><em>amando <\/em><\/strong>il teatro, ho regalato i miei biglietti a Giovanna<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">3. Gerundio ipotetico<\/strong><font size=\"4\">: it represents&nbsp;something that&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: 600;\">could<\/span><\/font><strong style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> <\/strong><font size=\"4\">happen and satisfy the result expressed by the main clause. For example:<\/font><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b><i>Rinunciando <\/i><\/b>alle vacanze potrei risparmiare dei soldi<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Arriveresti in ritardo <strong><em>perdendo <\/em><\/strong>questo treno<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>Mangiando<\/strong><\/em> meno pane perderai peso<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>4. Gerundio concessivo<\/strong>: it says&nbsp;<strong>despite what&nbsp;<\/strong>circumstances&nbsp;we have obtain the opposite result expressed in the<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>main clause. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pur <strong><em>mangiando<\/em><\/strong> poco, Clara non dimagrisce.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pur <strong><em>lavorando<\/em><\/strong> molto non riesco a risparmiare.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pur <strong><em>essendo<\/em><\/strong> brutta, Giada piace a tanti uomini<em>.&nbsp;<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Please note that <em>pur <\/em>or<em> pure <\/em>in this case means &#8220;despite, although, even though&#8230;&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-5f37a5a5 gb-headline-text\">Gerundio Composto (Passato)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8212;-ARE<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8212;-ERE<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&#8212;-IRE<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ESSENDO ANDATO<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AVENDO BEVUTO<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">AVENDO DORMITO<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The&nbsp;<strong><em>Gerundio composto<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;is a compound tense, with the gerundio of essere or avere =&nbsp;<em><strong>essendo<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<em><strong>avendo <\/strong><\/em><\/span>and the<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong> participio passato<\/strong><\/em> (&#8230;ato, &#8230;uto, &#8230;ito) of a verb.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">The&nbsp;<em>gerundio composto&nbsp;<\/em>describes&nbsp;pre-existing conditions when the main clause takes place. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Avendo finito<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;di mangiare, ho gi\u00e0 cominciato a lavare i piatti<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Essendo tornato<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;prima dal lavoro, andr\u00f2 al supermercato<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">This is the main use of the gerundio composto, defined asd <strong><em>Temporale.&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>In both cases, the gerundio exists before the event described in the main clause.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">As it happens with the <em>gerundio semplice, <\/em>we can define other four functions of gerundio composto. It&#8217;s worth having a second look.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>1. Gerundio Modale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Luigi ha imparato l&#8217;inglese &nbsp;<strong><em>avendo guardato<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;dei film in tiv\u00f9<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Stefano ha finito di leggere il libro &nbsp;<em><strong>avendo indossato&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em>sempre gli occhiali.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Carla \u00e8 arrivata fin qui <strong><em>avendo&nbsp;camminato<\/em><\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In the modale type, the same concept can often be achieved using the <em>gerundio semplice. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>2. Gerundio Causale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Avendo avuto<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;pochi soldi non ho comprato casa.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><em>Essendo stato<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;malato non ho potuto studiare<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Non <em><strong>avendo capito<\/strong><\/em><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>le tue istruzioni, non ho lavorato bene.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, the cause is clearly set before the consequence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>3. Gerundio Ipotetico<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b><i>Avendo letto <\/i><\/b>i giornali<i> <\/i>avrei conosciuto le notizie di ieri<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>Avendo incontrato<\/strong><\/em> Luigi avrei potuto parlargli<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><em><strong>Avendo ascoltato<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/em>quella canzone ti avrei detto se mi piace o no.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a good substitute of the congiuntivo. Very handy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>4. Gerundio Concessivo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pur <em><strong>avendo&nbsp;mangiato<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;poco, Clara non \u00e8 dimagrita<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pur <strong><em>avendo&nbsp;lavorato<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;molto non riesco a risparmiare.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Pur&nbsp;<strong><em>essendo stato <\/em><\/strong>povero, Mario ora \u00e8 molto ricco<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Although, despite&#8230; = pur + gerundio<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Lastly, but very important, the gerundio can merge with pronouns (direct, indirect, reflexive, ci &amp; ne) in a single word:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mangiando molto pane, sono ingrassato &#8212;&gt; mangiando<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ne<\/span><\/strong> molto&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conoscendo Mario, non arriver\u00e0 in orario &#8212;&gt; conoscendo<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">lo<\/span><\/strong>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>More examples in the quiz!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, why is the gerundio so important? Look at the sentences:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Arrivando in orario, avresti visto l&#8217;inizio del film.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se fossi arrivata in orario, avresti visto l&#8217;inizio del film.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The first sentence with the Gerundio expresses the same concept of the second but it&#8217;s much easier. We avoid conjugations, the use of the same subject, the use of the congiuntivo. In the first one, the subject is implicit (implicito), in the second it is explicit (esplicito) and we need to change the verb and genders where needed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Gerund is a very useful tool that Italians use to simplify sentences. You should learn it and use it to achieve the same goal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks for reading. Please solve the quiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-33ece3e3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\"><\/div><div class=\"gb-shapes\"><div class=\"gb-shape gb-shape-1\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 194.3\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1200 133.3l-50 8.9c-50 8.6-150 26.9-250 31.1-100 4.2-200-4.2-300-26.7S400 89.2 300 62.2C200 35.8 100 17.5 50 8.9L0 0v194.3h1200v-61z\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-be559b83 gb-headline-text\">This is a \u201cfreemium\u201d quiz. Log in or Subscribe at no cost. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Get new free Italian language quizzes and your results in your inbox.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-css-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#ab2227;color:#ab2227\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are on a mobile device, flip it horizontally.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-12152843\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-1458ac49 gb-headline-text\">The Italian Gerundio <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-c74bc84f gb-headline-text\">Basic Quiz<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-3c4d768a gb-headline-text\">\ud83d\udcda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">This is a &#8220;freemium&#8221; Italian language blog and quiz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Please log in or subscribe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-9263a50b\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-31c4f5b9\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-31c4f5b9\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-f56f2c55 gb-headline-text\">Login<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-4405785c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-4405785c\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-29c53d70 gb-headline-text\">Subscribe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Access to our freemium content<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Get new lessons in your inbox<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Get quiz results and score by email<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One free lesson on Skype or Zoom with a native teacher<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-button-wrapper gb-button-wrapper-0e3fb9ea\">\n\n<a class=\"gb-button gb-button-503791a9 gb-button-text\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/free-account-sign-in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Join for Free<\/a>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-3422aef5\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_153\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 1 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">LOADING QUIZ&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"The Italian Gerundio &#8211; Basic Review and Quiz\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1987\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1987\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"7686f85f2d\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1987\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            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         messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_resultTable\">\n                    <table>\n                        <tbody>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Average score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Your score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #F79646;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <\/tbody>\n                    <\/table>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"0\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Not categorized<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[contact-form-7 id=&#8221;15171&#8243; title=&#8221;trial due colonne&#8221;]<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>1<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0Il gerundio<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Scrivi il verbo scegliendo il gerundio semplice o composto.<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(guardare + lui) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Guardandolo<\/strong><\/span> bene, ti assomiglia molto.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">* Attenzione ai pronomi&#8230;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"521\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <ul>\r\n \t<li>(tornare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tornando)<\/span><\/span> a casa, ho incontrato un vecchio amico.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pur (studiare)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avendo studiato)<\/span><\/span> il tedesco per anni, non lo parlo fluentemente.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(volere)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(volendo)<\/span><\/span>, potresti cambiare lavoro facilmente.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Alcuni scienziati cureranno un paziente (cambiare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(cambiando)<\/span><\/span> il suo dna.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(bere) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avendo bevuto)<\/span><\/span> troppo vino, non ha potuto guidare.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Non (comprare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avendo comprato)<\/span><\/span> il biglietto in anticipo, non hanno potuto vedere il concerto.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Puoi farti perdonare solo (dire a lui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dicendogli)<\/span><\/span> la verit\u00e0.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mi sono tagliato (farsi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(facendomi)<\/span><\/span> la barba.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(pensare a...) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(pensandoci)<\/span><\/span> bene, \u00e8 meglio non uscire con questo freddo.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(uscire)\u00a0<span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(uscendo)<\/span><\/span> di casa presto, arriver\u00f2 in ufficio in anticipo.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">rosso<\/span><\/strong> le risposte sbagliate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">rosso<\/span><\/strong> le risposte sbagliate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_153',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 153,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 10,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0],\n                    bo: 7552,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: [10],\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"521\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":521,\"catId\":0,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"tornando\"],[\"avendo studiato\"],[\"volendo\"],[\"cambiando\"],[\"avendo bevuto\"],[\"avendo comprato\"],[\"dicendogli\"],[\"facendomi\"],[\"pensandoci\"],[\"uscendo\"]]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Giovanni Bellini &#8211; <em><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Giovanni_Bellini,_,_Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Wien,_Gem\u00e4ldegalerie_-_Junge_Frau_bei_der_Toilette_-_GG_97_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg?uselang=it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Giovane donna nuda allo specchio<\/a><\/em> &#8211; 1515 ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gerundio is an Italian &#8220;indefinite&#8221; mood This is a very basic post about the Italian Gerund. If your level is intermediate to advanced, you may want to have a look at this post in Italian. Also, today we are NOT going through the progressive use of the gerundio (to be doing something or stare + &#8230; <a title=\"The Italian Gerundio &#8211; Basic Review and Quiz\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/gerundio-the-italian-gerund-is-doing-great-quiz\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about The Italian Gerundio &#8211; Basic Review and Quiz\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":38417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[38,1275],"class_list":["post-1987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lingua","tag-gerundio","tag-italian-gerund","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1987"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1987\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}