{"id":19456,"date":"2017-06-19T06:20:03","date_gmt":"2017-06-18T21:20:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=19456"},"modified":"2026-05-26T18:24:56","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T09:24:56","slug":"italian-che-conjunctions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-che-conjunctions\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian -ch\u00e9 Conjunctions: Affinch\u00e9, Purch\u00e9, Bench\u00e9, Poich\u00e9 (B2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <strong>Italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions<\/strong> are a morphological family of subordinators ending in stressed -ch\u00e9: <em>affinch\u00e9<\/em> (purpose, &#8220;so that&#8221;), <em>purch\u00e9<\/em> (condition, &#8220;provided that&#8221;), <em>bench\u00e9<\/em> (concession, &#8220;although&#8221;), <em>poich\u00e9<\/em> (cause, &#8220;since&#8221;), <em>cosicch\u00e9\/sicch\u00e9<\/em> (consequence, &#8220;therefore&#8221;), <em>anzich\u00e9<\/em> (substitution, &#8220;instead of&#8221;). They share the same suffix and the same accent rule, but each one introduces a different type of subordinate clause and many of them govern the subjunctive. This guide walks through all six with their grammar, register, and traps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recognising the suffix -ch\u00e9 is the easy part; choosing the right one is the work. By the end you will know when to swap <em>perch\u00e9<\/em> for <em>affinch\u00e9<\/em>, when <em>bench\u00e9<\/em> beats <em>anche se<\/em>, and why <em>purch\u00e9<\/em> always rules the subjunctive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-che\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-che gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">Why the italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions form a family<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#accent\">The accent rule: always \u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#affinche\">Affinch\u00e9: purpose (so that)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#purche\">Purch\u00e9: minimum condition (provided that)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#bench\u00e9\">Bench\u00e9: concession (although)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#poich\u00e9\">Poich\u00e9: cause (since)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cosicche\">Cosicch\u00e9 and sicch\u00e9: consequence (therefore)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#anziche\">Anzich\u00e9: substitution (instead of)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mood\">Indicative or subjunctive after -ch\u00e9?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: negotiating a book deal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">Why the italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions form a family<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions are a closed group of subordinators that share a common ending: stressed -ch\u00e9 (from Latin <em>quid<\/em> via Vulgar Latin <em>qu\u012dd<\/em>). They are <em>perch\u00e9, affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, bench\u00e9, poich\u00e9, giacch\u00e9, cosicch\u00e9, sicch\u00e9, anzich\u00e9, ancorch\u00e9, acciocch\u00e9, finch\u00e9<\/em>, plus a few rare forms. Native speakers feel them as a phonetic family even when their syntactic function is completely different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide focuses on the six most common ones in modern Italian: <em>affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, bench\u00e9, poich\u00e9, cosicch\u00e9\/sicch\u00e9, anzich\u00e9<\/em>. <em>Perch\u00e9<\/em> has its own dedicated guide (it covers cause and purpose, depending on mood); <em>finch\u00e9<\/em> belongs to time clauses and is treated separately. The remaining literary ones (<em>acciocch\u00e9, ancorch\u00e9<\/em>) are mentioned briefly for recognition only.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The trick at B2 is not learning the meanings (you can look them up in any dictionary). It is mastering the mood that each connector governs and the register where each one lives, since spoken Italian and written Italian draw on different members of the family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"accent\">The accent rule: always \u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every italian -ch\u00e9 conjunction takes an acute accent on the final \u00e9 (closed e sound, &#8220;ay&#8221; in English). Never a grave accent (\u00e8, open e). This is one of the few accent rules in Italian that is rigorously enforced by spell-checkers, the Crusca, and every grammar textbook.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Correct: perch\u00e9, affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, bench\u00e9, poich\u00e9, sicch\u00e9, cosicch\u00e9, anzich\u00e9, giacch\u00e9, finch\u00e9, n\u00e9.<br><em>All with acute \u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Wrong: perch\u00e8, affinch\u00e8, purch\u00e8, bench\u00e8, poich\u00e8&#8230;<br><em>Grave \u00e8 is a frequent typo and a clear grammar mistake.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your keyboard makes it hard to type \u00e9, use the alt-code or the OS shortcut. Italian writers avoid the apostrophe workaround in any -ch\u00e9 word (a common typo in casual chats but a clear mistake in school, professional emails, or published writing). The acute \u00e9 is the only correct form across the entire family, from perch\u00e9 to anzich\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p>The accent itself is informative: it tells you exactly where to put the stress (always on the final syllable) and which vowel quality to use (closed, narrow, &#8220;ay&#8221;). Get the accent right and the pronunciation falls into place naturally, since Italian spelling and stress are almost always predictable once the diacritic is in the correct place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"affinche\">Affinch\u00e9: purpose (so that)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Affinch\u00e9<\/em> introduces a purpose clause and always governs the subjunctive. It corresponds to English &#8220;so that&#8221;, &#8220;in order to&#8221;, &#8220;with the goal of&#8221;. Spoken Italian prefers <em>perch\u00e9<\/em> in this role; <em>affinch\u00e9<\/em> is reserved for written, formal, or careful registers.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro ha aperto la libreria alle sette affinch\u00e9 gli studenti potessero comprare i testi prima delle lezioni.<br><em>Pietro opened the bookshop at seven so that the students could buy the textbooks before class.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha cucito il vestito con cura affinch\u00e9 la sposa fosse perfetta nel giorno della cerimonia.<br><em>Caterina sewed the dress carefully so that the bride would look perfect on the day of the ceremony.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il municipio di Lucca ha vietato il traffico nel centro storico affinch\u00e9 i pedoni potessero passeggiare in tranquillit\u00e0.<br><em>The Lucca town hall banned traffic in the historic centre so that pedestrians could stroll in peace.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In casual conversation the same purpose clauses use <em>perch\u00e9<\/em>: <em>Pietro ha aperto la libreria alle sette perch\u00e9 gli studenti potessero comprare i testi<\/em>. The subjunctive is still required; the connector changes but the mood does not. <em>Affinch\u00e9<\/em> is more transparent (it can only mean purpose, never cause), so writers reach for it to remove ambiguity.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-affinche\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Same-subject shortcut.<\/strong> When the subject of the purpose clause is the same as the main clause, italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions for purpose are usually replaced by <em>per<\/em> + infinitive: <em>Pietro ha aperto la libreria alle sette per accogliere gli studenti<\/em>. The subjunctive form (<em>affinch\u00e9 potessero entrare<\/em>) appears only when the subjects differ.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"purche\">Purch\u00e9: minimum condition (provided that)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Purch\u00e9<\/em> introduces a restrictive conditional clause and always governs the subjunctive. It signals a minimum condition the speaker is willing to accept: &#8220;this is the only thing you need to do, and I&#8217;ll go along with you&#8221;. The closest English equivalent is &#8220;provided that&#8221;, &#8220;as long as&#8221;, or &#8220;just so long as&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bambini, potete giocare in giardino tutto il pomeriggio purch\u00e9 non rompiate il vaso della nonna.<br><em>Kids, you can play in the garden all afternoon, provided you don&#8217;t break grandma&#8217;s vase.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Elena verr\u00e0 al matrimonio sabato sera purch\u00e9 possa partire da Padova venerd\u00ec pomeriggio.<br><em>Elena will come to the wedding on Saturday evening, provided she can leave Padova on Friday afternoon.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ti presto il romanzo di Pennacchi purch\u00e9 tu me lo restituisca entro la fine del mese.<br><em>I&#8217;ll lend you the Pennacchi novel, provided you return it to me by the end of the month.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two close cousins: <em>a patto che<\/em> (negotiation tone: &#8220;on condition that, as part of a deal&#8221;) and <em>a condizione che<\/em> (firmer, more authoritarian: &#8220;strictly on condition that&#8221;). All three trigger the subjunctive; the choice depends on how strict or negotiated the condition feels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"benche\">Bench\u00e9: concession (although)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Bench\u00e9<\/em> introduces a concessive clause and governs the subjunctive. It marks something true that does not stop the main clause from happening anyway. Closest English equivalent: &#8220;although&#8221;, &#8220;even though&#8221;, &#8220;despite the fact that&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caterina ha consegnato il vestito in tempo bench\u00e9 avesse lavorato fino a tardi tutta la settimana.<br><em>Caterina delivered the dress on time even though she had worked late all week.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Bench\u00e9 il treno per Modena fosse in ritardo, Matteo \u00e8 arrivato in libreria prima di pranzo.<br><em>Although the train to Modena was delayed, Matteo made it to the bookshop before lunch.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Francesco ha tenuto la conferenza a Padova bench\u00e9 fosse stanco dopo il viaggio in aereo.<br><em>Francesco gave the conference in Padova even though he was tired after the flight.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Bench\u00e9<\/em> has two written-language siblings: <em>sebbene<\/em> (interchangeable in most contexts) and <em>ancorch\u00e9<\/em> (literary, rare). Spoken Italian usually swaps all three for <em>anche se<\/em>, which is the only concessive connector that takes the indicative: <em>Anche se era stanco, ha tenuto la conferenza<\/em>. For a deeper dive into the concessive family, see our dedicated guide on Italian Concessive Clauses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"poiche\">Poich\u00e9: cause (since)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Poich\u00e9<\/em> introduces a causal clause and governs the indicative (unlike most other italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions). It corresponds to English &#8220;since&#8221;, &#8220;as&#8221;, &#8220;given that&#8221;, placed before the main clause and used mostly in written or careful spoken Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Poich\u00e9 Matteo conosce ogni quartiere di Modena, gli abbiamo affidato le visite guidate per i turisti tedeschi.<br><em>Since Matteo knows every neighbourhood of Modena, we entrusted him with guided tours for German tourists.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Poich\u00e9 il municipio ha negato il permesso, la mostra in piazza Anfiteatro \u00e8 stata rinviata.<br><em>Since the town hall denied permission, the exhibition in piazza Anfiteatro was postponed.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Poich\u00e9 Elena ha gi\u00e0 letto tutti i romanzi di Tabucchi, Pietro le ha consigliato Pennacchi.<br><em>Since Elena has already read all the Tabucchi novels, Pietro recommended Pennacchi.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spoken Italian replaces <em>poich\u00e9<\/em> with <em>siccome<\/em> (the everyday spoken cause-first connector) or with <em>perch\u00e9<\/em> placed after the main clause: <em>Pietro le ha consigliato Pennacchi siccome aveva gi\u00e0 letto Tabucchi<\/em>. The position rule is the key: <em>poich\u00e9<\/em> and <em>siccome<\/em> open the sentence; <em>perch\u00e9<\/em> never does in declarative use. See Italian Causal Clauses for the full causal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cosicche\">Cosicch\u00e9 and sicch\u00e9: consequence (therefore)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Cosicch\u00e9<\/em> and its shorter variant <em>sicch\u00e9<\/em> introduce a consecutive clause: they mark a result or consequence of what was said before. English equivalents: &#8220;so that&#8221;, &#8220;therefore&#8221;, &#8220;and so&#8221;. They take the indicative when the result is presented as factual, the subjunctive when it is intended.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho dimenticato il portafoglio in libreria, sicch\u00e9 sono dovuto tornare indietro a piedi sotto la pioggia.<br><em>I left my wallet at the bookshop, so I had to walk back in the rain.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro ha ordinato venti copie del nuovo Pennacchi, cosicch\u00e9 ogni cliente abituale ne possa avere una.<br><em>Pietro ordered twenty copies of the new Pennacchi, so that every regular customer can get one.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il treno \u00e8 arrivato puntuale, sicch\u00e9 Matteo \u00e8 in libreria gi\u00e0 dalle nove di mattina.<br><em>The train arrived on time, so Matteo has been at the bookshop since nine in the morning.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The two forms are interchangeable in modern Italian, with a slight preference for <em>sicch\u00e9<\/em> in spoken language and <em>cosicch\u00e9<\/em> in writing. Both can also be replaced by the more common <em>cos\u00ec che<\/em> or <em>quindi<\/em> in casual conversation: <em>Ho dimenticato il portafoglio, quindi sono tornato a casa<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"anziche\">Anzich\u00e9: substitution (instead of)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Anzich\u00e9<\/em> introduces a clause of substitution: &#8220;instead of X, Y happens&#8221;. Unlike the other italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions covered here, it is most often followed by an infinitive rather than a finite verb. English equivalent: &#8220;instead of&#8221;, &#8220;rather than&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stasera mangiamo a casa anzich\u00e9 andare al ristorante in centro a Lucca.<br><em>Tonight we&#8217;ll eat at home instead of going to a restaurant in central Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Anzich\u00e9 comprare il regalo online, Elena \u00e8 andata dal libraio a scegliere personalmente.<br><em>Rather than buying the gift online, Elena went to the bookshop to pick it herself.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Matteo ha preferito tornare a Modena in treno anzich\u00e9 in macchina per evitare il traffico.<br><em>Matteo preferred to go back to Modena by train rather than by car to avoid traffic.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Synonyms are <em>invece di<\/em> + infinitive (more common in casual conversation) and <em>piuttosto che<\/em> (which originally meant &#8220;rather than&#8221;, but in modern spoken Italian is increasingly used as &#8220;or&#8221;, a usage criticised by the Crusca). For B2 writing, <em>anzich\u00e9<\/em> is the cleanest, most precise choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mood\">Indicative or subjunctive after -ch\u00e9?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mood after each italian -ch\u00e9 conjunction is determined by its semantic category, not by its suffix. Here is the quick rule.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subjunctive: <strong>affinch\u00e9<\/strong> (purpose), <strong>purch\u00e9<\/strong> (condition), <strong>bench\u00e9<\/strong> (concession).<br><em>Plus the literary acciocch\u00e9, ancorch\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Indicative: <strong>poich\u00e9<\/strong> (cause), <strong>sicch\u00e9\/cosicch\u00e9<\/strong> (consequence, factual).<br><em>Plus giacch\u00e9 (cause, written).<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Infinitive: <strong>anzich\u00e9<\/strong> (substitution).<br><em>Subject must match the main clause.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Both: <strong>cosicch\u00e9<\/strong> takes indicative for factual consequences, subjunctive for intended consequences.<br><em>Sono arrivato tardi, sicch\u00e9 ho perso il treno (factual). Ho ordinato venti copie cosicch\u00e9 ogni cliente ne abbia una (intended).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mnemonic: purpose, condition, concession trigger the subjunctive (uncertain, hypothetical, contrary-to-fact). Cause and factual consequence stay in the indicative (real, established). Substitution uses the bare infinitive when the subject is shared.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Pick the right italian -ch\u00e9 conjunction for each sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>___ Pietro fosse stanco, ha aperto la libreria all&#8217;alba. (bench\u00e9 \/ poich\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>Ti aiuto con il trasloco ___ tu mi offra il pranzo. (purch\u00e9 \/ affinch\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha cucito di notte ___ il vestito fosse pronto per sabato. (affinch\u00e9 \/ sicch\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>___ Matteo conosce Modena, gli chiediamo il tour. (Poich\u00e9 \/ Bench\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>Preferisco prendere il treno ___ guidare nel traffico di Roma. (anzich\u00e9 \/ purch\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>Ho perso il treno, ___ sono arrivato tardi alla riunione. (sicch\u00e9 \/ affinch\u00e9)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Bench\u00e9 (concessivo + congiuntivo) \u00b7 2. purch\u00e9 (condizionale restrittivo + congiuntivo) \u00b7 3. affinch\u00e9 (finale + congiuntivo) \u00b7 4. Poich\u00e9 (causale + indicativo) \u00b7 5. anzich\u00e9 (sostitutivo + infinito) \u00b7 6. sicch\u00e9 (consecutivo + indicativo)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table to remember every italian -ch\u00e9 conjunction, its function, the mood it governs, and its register.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Connector<\/th><th>Function<\/th><th>Mood<\/th><th>Register<\/th><th>English equivalent<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>affinch\u00e9<\/td><td>purpose<\/td><td>subjunctive<\/td><td>formal \/ written<\/td><td>so that<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>perch\u00e9 (finale)<\/td><td>purpose<\/td><td>subjunctive<\/td><td>spoken + written<\/td><td>so that<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>perch\u00e9 (causale)<\/td><td>cause<\/td><td>indicative<\/td><td>spoken + written<\/td><td>because<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>purch\u00e9<\/td><td>minimum condition<\/td><td>subjunctive<\/td><td>spoken + written<\/td><td>provided that<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>bench\u00e9<\/td><td>concession<\/td><td>subjunctive<\/td><td>spoken + written<\/td><td>although<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>poich\u00e9<\/td><td>cause (cause-first)<\/td><td>indicative<\/td><td>written \/ formal<\/td><td>since<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>giacch\u00e9<\/td><td>cause (literary)<\/td><td>indicative<\/td><td>literary<\/td><td>since (archaic)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>cosicch\u00e9 \/ sicch\u00e9<\/td><td>consequence<\/td><td>ind. (fact) \/ subj. (intent)<\/td><td>spoken + written<\/td><td>so that \/ therefore<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>anzich\u00e9<\/td><td>substitution<\/td><td>infinitive<\/td><td>written \/ careful<\/td><td>instead of<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>finch\u00e9<\/td><td>time (until \/ as long as)<\/td><td>ind. \/ subj.<\/td><td>spoken + written<\/td><td>until \/ as long as<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>acciocch\u00e9<\/td><td>purpose (literary)<\/td><td>subjunctive<\/td><td>literary<\/td><td>so that (archaic)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ancorch\u00e9<\/td><td>concession (literary)<\/td><td>subjunctive<\/td><td>literary<\/td><td>although (archaic)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three slips with italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions flag a B2 sentence as written by a learner. Fixing them is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Indicative after <em>bench\u00e9<\/em>, <em>affinch\u00e9<\/em>, <em>purch\u00e9<\/em>. Wrong: <em>Bench\u00e9 \u00e8 stanco, ha aperto la libreria<\/em>. Correct: <em>Bench\u00e9 sia stanco, ha aperto la libreria<\/em>. The three subjunctive-only members of the family never accept the indicative in standard Italian, even in casual speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Subjunctive after <em>poich\u00e9<\/em>. Wrong: <em>Poich\u00e9 Matteo conosca Modena, gli chiediamo il tour<\/em>. Correct: <em>Poich\u00e9 Matteo conosce Modena, gli chiediamo il tour<\/em>. The causal connectors (<em>poich\u00e9, perch\u00e9 causale, siccome, dato che, visto che<\/em>) all take the indicative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Grave accent <em>\u00e8<\/em> instead of acute <em>\u00e9<\/em>. Wrong: <em>perch\u00e8, affinch\u00e8, purch\u00e8, bench\u00e8<\/em>. Correct: <em>perch\u00e9, affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, bench\u00e9<\/em>. The acute accent is mandatory in all italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions and signals the closed e sound.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Conjugate the verb in the right mood.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro ha chiuso prima la libreria affinch\u00e9 i clienti ___ (potere) arrivare a casa prima della cena.<\/li>\n<li>Ti accompagno alla stazione purch\u00e9 tu mi ___ (lasciare) le chiavi del tuo appartamento.<\/li>\n<li>Bench\u00e9 Caterina ___ (essere) di Lucca, non ha mai visitato la torre Guinigi.<\/li>\n<li>Poich\u00e9 il negozio ___ (chiudere) alle sette, sbrigatevi a fare la spesa.<\/li>\n<li>Anzich\u00e9 ___ (cucinare) stasera, ordiniamo dal nuovo ristorante di Modena.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. potessero (cong. imperfetto, sequence past) \u00b7 2. lasci (cong. presente) \u00b7 3. sia (cong. presente) \u00b7 4. chiude (indicativo) \u00b7 5. cucinare (infinito)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: negotiating a book deal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elena calls Pietro to negotiate the supply of textbooks for the literature course she teaches in Padova. Watch the italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions she and Pietro use across purpose, condition, concession, cause, consequence, and substitution.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-che\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Pietro, ti chiamo per la fornitura dei testi del corso di letteratura. Poich\u00e9 abbiamo gi\u00e0 il programma definitivo, ti mando l&#8217;elenco entro stasera.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Perfetto. Avr\u00f2 bisogno di una ventina di giorni per ordinarli, affinch\u00e9 arrivino in libreria prima dell&#8217;inizio delle lezioni.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Va bene. Posso lasciarti gestire tutto purch\u00e9 tu mi confermi i prezzi prima di ordinare. Il dipartimento ha un budget stretto quest&#8217;anno.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Ti far\u00f2 un preventivo dettagliato entro venerd\u00ec. Bench\u00e9 alcuni titoli siano fuori catalogo, cercher\u00f2 copie usate in buono stato, cosicch\u00e9 tu possa comunque assegnarli agli studenti.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Ottimo. Anzich\u00e9 farti spedire tutto a Padova, preferisco passare a ritirare a Lucca: ho un giro di famiglia in Toscana il mese prossimo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Perfetto, sicch\u00e9 risparmiamo anche sulla spedizione. Quando passi mi porti due copie di quel saggio di Cazzullo che mi avevi promesso?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Certo, te le porto purch\u00e9 tu mi prepari un caff\u00e8 decente.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six different italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions in one short conversation: <em>poich\u00e9<\/em> (cause, indicative), <em>affinch\u00e9<\/em> (purpose, subjunctive), <em>purch\u00e9<\/em> (condition, subjunctive) twice, <em>bench\u00e9<\/em> (concession, subjunctive), <em>cosicch\u00e9<\/em> (consequence, subjunctive), <em>anzich\u00e9<\/em> (substitution, infinitive), <em>sicch\u00e9<\/em> (consequence, indicative). The whole family at work in a real negotiation.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Describe a small negotiation you had recently in six sentences, each using one of the italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions: <em>affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, bench\u00e9, poich\u00e9, sicch\u00e9, anzich\u00e9<\/em>. Read your sentences out loud to feel the rhythm of each connector.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A short quiz on italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions: connector choice, mood, register, and accent. 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none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Italian -ch&eacute; conjunctions: pick the connector or the mood<\/h3>\n<p>Each item follows a small group of cultural professionals between Cesena, Faenza, Bertinoro and Forlimpopoli: Iride curates exhibitions, Egisto designs the landscape, Penelope restores antique textiles and Corrado plays early music. Some items ask you to pick the right <em>-ch&eacute;<\/em> conjunction from three candidates; others give you the conjunction and ask you to pick the right verb mood. The whole family is tested: affinch&eacute;, purch&eacute;, bench&eacute;, sebbene, poich&eacute;, cosicch&eacute;\/sicch&eacute;, anzich&eacute;, fuorch&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p><em>Mood map. Purpose, condition, concession trigger the subjunctive (affinch&eacute;, purch&eacute;, bench&eacute;, sebbene). Cause and factual consequence keep the indicative (poich&eacute;, sicch&eacute;). Substitution takes the infinitive (anzich&eacute;). Intended consequence uses the subjunctive (cosicch&eacute; with a goal).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#888;\"><strong>Note.<\/strong> If your keyboard doesn&#8217;t have Italian accents, you can type an apostrophe instead &#8211; <code>e'<\/code> for <code>&egrave;<\/code>, <code>perche'<\/code> for <code>perch&eacute;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6940\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ol><li>Iride ha esposto i pannelli in ordine cronologico (poich\u00e9, bench\u00e9, affinch\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(affinch\u00e9, affinche')<\/span><\/span> il pubblico potesse seguire l'evoluzione del telaio dal Medioevo all'Ottocento.<br><br><em>Iride arranged the panels in chronological order so that the public could follow the evolution of the loom from the Middle Ages to the 19th century.<\/em><\/li><li>Penelope presta volentieri i ferri da merletto della bottega (purch\u00e9, perch\u00e9, siccome) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(purch\u00e9, purche')<\/span><\/span> i colleghi le firmino il registro di restituzione entro la fine della giornata.<br><br><em>Penelope is happy to lend the lace needles from the workshop, provided that her colleagues sign the return register by the end of the day.<\/em><\/li><li>Bench\u00e9 Egisto (\u00e8, era, sia) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sia)<\/span><\/span> di Cesena da sempre, non aveva mai visitato la biblioteca Malatestiana prima del progetto di catalogo dei manoscritti.<br><br><em>Although Egisto has always been from Cesena, he had never visited the Malatestiana library before the manuscript catalogue project.<\/em><\/li><li>(Affinch\u00e9, Purch\u00e9, Poich\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Poich\u00e9, Poiche')<\/span><\/span> la sala del Cinquecento richiede un'umidit\u00e0 costante, il restauro dei codici \u00e8 stato trasferito al piano inferiore della Malatestiana.<br><br><em>Since the 16th-century hall requires constant humidity, the manuscript restoration has been moved to the lower floor of the Malatestiana.<\/em><\/li><li>Poich\u00e9 Corrado (conosce, conosca, conoscesse) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(conosce)<\/span><\/span> bene la liuteria barocca, gli abbiamo affidato il concerto inaugurale del festival di musica antica.<br><br><em>Since Corrado knows Baroque lutherie well, we entrusted him with the opening concert of the early-music festival.<\/em><\/li><li>(Poich\u00e9, Sebbene, Siccome) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Sebbene)<\/span><\/span> il treno per Forlimpopoli fosse stato cancellato, Iride \u00e8 arrivata in tempo alla Casa Artusi grazie al passaggio di un collega.<br><br><em>Although the train to Forlimpopoli had been cancelled, Iride arrived in time at Casa Artusi thanks to a lift from a colleague.<\/em><\/li><li>Penelope ha catalogato ogni filato in schede colorate (siccome, come se, cosicch\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(cosicch\u00e9, cosicche')<\/span><\/span> qualunque collega della bottega potesse trovare il materiale al primo colpo.<br><br><em>Penelope catalogued every yarn on colour-coded cards so that any colleague at the workshop could find the material at the first try.<\/em><\/li><li>Il vento di garbino ha spento la corrente per due ore, sicch\u00e9 la mostra (\u00e8, sia, fosse) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8, e')<\/span><\/span> stata chiusa fino al pomeriggio successivo.<br><br><em>The garbino wind cut the power for two hours, so the exhibition was closed until the following afternoon.<\/em><\/li><li>Egisto ha preferito raggiungere Bertinoro a piedi lungo il sentiero dei colli (purch\u00e9, anzich\u00e9, bench\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(anzich\u00e9, anziche')<\/span><\/span> prendere la macchina nel traffico della domenica di vendemmia.<br><br><em>Egisto preferred to reach Bertinoro on foot along the hill trail rather than take the car in the traffic of the Sangiovese harvest Sunday.<\/em><\/li><li>La biblioteca Malatestiana \u00e8 aperta ogni giorno della settimana (purch\u00e9, fuorch\u00e9, bench\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(fuorch\u00e9, fuorche')<\/span><\/span> luned\u00ec mattina, quando il personale dedica l'orario al riordino dei manoscritti.<br><br><em>The Malatestiana library is open every day of the week except Monday morning, when the staff devote that time to reorganising the manuscripts.<\/em><\/li><\/ol><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>10 out of 10. You can read the mood off each -ch&eacute; connector.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review the family-to-mood map across the ten items:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>affinch&eacute;<\/strong> il pubblico potesse seguire (purpose: subjunctive, formal)<\/li>\n<li><strong>purch&eacute;<\/strong> i colleghi le firmino il registro (condition: subjunctive)<\/li>\n<li>Bench&eacute; Egisto <strong>sia<\/strong> di Cesena (concession: subjunctive, anti-M1 trap)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Poich&eacute;<\/strong> la sala richiede un&#8217;umidit&agrave; costante (cause: indicative, cause-first)<\/li>\n<li>Poich&eacute; Corrado <strong>conosce<\/strong> bene la liuteria barocca (cause: indicative, anti-M2 trap)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sebbene<\/strong> il treno fosse stato cancellato (concession sibling of bench&eacute;: subjunctive)<\/li>\n<li><strong>cosicch&eacute;<\/strong> qualunque restauratore potesse trovare il materiale (intended consequence: subjunctive)<\/li>\n<li>sicch&eacute; la mostra <strong>&egrave;<\/strong> stata chiusa (factual consequence: indicative)<\/li>\n<li><strong>anzich&eacute;<\/strong> prendere la macchina (substitution: infinitive, same subject)<\/li>\n<li>aperta ogni giorno <strong>fuorch&eacute;<\/strong> luned&igrave; mattina (exception: + noun, like eccetto)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong> codice = manuscript codex &middot; liuteria = stringed-instrument making &middot; merletti = lace &middot; filato = yarn &middot; garbino = warm wind that crosses the Apennines into Romagna &middot; restauratore\/restauratrice = restorer &middot; rilegatrice = bookbinder.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Subjunctive after -ch&eacute;.<\/strong> Three members of the family always require the subjunctive: <em>affinch&eacute;<\/em> (purpose), <em>purch&eacute;<\/em> (condition), <em>bench&eacute;<\/em> (concession, plus its written sibling <em>sebbene<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Indicative after -ch&eacute;.<\/strong> <em>Poich&eacute;<\/em> (cause, cause-first) and <em>sicch&eacute;\/cosicch&eacute;<\/em> when the consequence is factual stay in the indicative. <em>Cosicch&eacute;<\/em> flips to the subjunctive only when the consequence is intended.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Infinitive after anzich&eacute;<\/strong> when the subject is shared with the main clause.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Italian -ch&eacute; conjunctions: spot the right mood and the right accent<\/h3>\n<p>Each set shows three versions of one short sentence. Select the ONE that gets both the mood and the accent right. The four trio test the three common mistakes of the -ch&eacute; family plus the spoken sibling trap: indicativo after bench&eacute;, congiuntivo after poich&eacute;, congiuntivo after anche se, grave <em>&egrave;<\/em> instead of acute <em>&eacute;<\/em> on a -ch&eacute; conjunction.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6941\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Bench\u00e9 Egisto era arrivato dopo la chiusura, il custode della Malatestiana gli ha permesso di consultare il codice di Plauto.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Bench\u00e9 Egisto fosse arrivato dopo la chiusura, il custode della Malatestiana gli ha permesso di consultare il codice di Plauto.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Bench\u00e9 Egisto sarebbe arrivato dopo la chiusura, il custode della Malatestiana gli ha permesso di consultare il codice di Plauto.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Poich\u00e9 Iride conosca ogni stanza del Museo Carlo Zauli di Faenza, \u00e8 stata scelta per accompagnare la delegazione giapponese in visita ufficiale.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Poich\u00e9 Iride conoscerebbe ogni stanza del Museo Carlo Zauli di Faenza, \u00e8 stata scelta per accompagnare la delegazione giapponese in visita ufficiale.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Poich\u00e9 Iride conosce ogni stanza del Museo Carlo Zauli di Faenza, \u00e8 stata scelta per accompagnare la delegazione giapponese in visita ufficiale.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Anche se la pioggia non smetteva di battere sulle tegole, Penelope ha completato la stiratura dei merletti antichi prima di sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Anche se la pioggia non smettesse di battere sulle tegole, Penelope ha completato la stiratura dei merletti antichi prima di sera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Anche se la pioggia non avesse smesso di battere sulle tegole, Penelope ha completato la stiratura dei merletti antichi prima di sera.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> L'orario di chiusura \u00e8 anticipato alle diciassette di mercoled\u00ec, sicch\u00e8 Corrado ha spostato la prova generale del concerto barocco alle quindici.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> L'orario di chiusura \u00e8 anticipato alle diciassette di mercoled\u00ec, sicche' Corrado ha spostato la prova generale del concerto barocco alle quindici.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_5_6941\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> L'orario di chiusura \u00e8 anticipato alle diciassette di mercoled\u00ec, sicch\u00e9 Corrado ha spostato la prova generale del concerto barocco alle quindici.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>4 out of 4. Mood reflex and accent reflex both in place.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The four traps tested here, one per set:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Bench&eacute; + congiuntivo.<\/strong> Concessive bench&eacute; never accepts the indicative or the conditional: <em>Bench&eacute; Egisto <strong>fosse<\/strong> arrivato dopo la chiusura<\/em>. Wrong: <em>era arrivato<\/em> (ind) or <em>sarebbe arrivato<\/em> (cond).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Poich&eacute; + indicativo.<\/strong> Causal poich&eacute; never takes the subjunctive or the conditional: <em>Poich&eacute; Iride <strong>conosce<\/strong> ogni stanza<\/em>. Wrong: <em>conosca<\/em> (cong) or <em>conoscerebbe<\/em> (cond).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anche se + indicativo.<\/strong> Anche se is the ONE concessive that keeps the indicative: <em>Anche se la pioggia non <strong>smetteva<\/strong><\/em>. Wrong: <em>non smettesse<\/em> (cong pres) or <em>non avesse smesso<\/em> (cong trapassato), which are the moods used after bench&eacute; or sebbene, not after anche se.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acute &eacute; on -ch&eacute;.<\/strong> Every -ch&eacute; conjunction takes acute <em>&eacute;<\/em>: <em>sicch&eacute; Corrado ha spostato la prova<\/em>. Wrong: <em>sicch&egrave;<\/em> (grave accent) or <em>sicche&#8217;<\/em> (apostrophe workaround, only tolerated in casual chats, never in school or professional writing).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong> codice = manuscript codex &middot; custode = caretaker, library doorkeeper &middot; merletti = lace &middot; tegole = roof tiles &middot; prova generale = final rehearsal &middot; delegazione = delegation, official party.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Only ONE option per set is right on BOTH counts: mood + accent. The other two each break one of the four canonical traps. Bench&eacute; needs cong; poich&eacute; needs ind; anche se needs ind (not cong); and every -ch&eacute; takes acute &eacute;, never grave &egrave; nor the apostrophe workaround.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_5',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 5,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 14,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"394\":10,\"395\":4},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6940\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6940,\"catId\":394,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"affinch\\u00e9\",\"affinche'\"],[\"purch\\u00e9\",\"purche'\"],[\"sia\"],[\"poich\\u00e9\",\"poiche'\"],[\"conosce\"],[\"sebbene\"],[\"cosicch\\u00e9\",\"cosicche'\"],[\"\\u00e8\",\"e'\"],[\"anzich\\u00e9\",\"anziche'\"],[\"fuorch\\u00e9\",\"fuorche'\"]]},\"6941\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6941,\"catId\":395,\"points\":[0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1],\"correct\":[0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions come up in every B2 cohort. The answers below draw on real classroom usage and on the Crusca note <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sicch%C3%A9\/26329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sicch\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between perch\u00e9 and affinch\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both can introduce a purpose clause and both take the subjunctive in that role: Apre la libreria alle sette perch\u00e9 \/ affinch\u00e9 gli studenti possano comprare i libri. The difference is register. Perch\u00e9 is the everyday choice in spoken Italian and works in any context. Affinch\u00e9 is more formal, more transparent (it cannot be confused with the causal perch\u00e9), and reserved for written or careful speech. Perch\u00e9 also has a causal use (with the indicative: Resto a casa perch\u00e9 piove), while affinch\u00e9 is strictly final. If you write affinch\u00e9, you remove the ambiguity.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do all italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions take the subjunctive?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Three patterns govern the mood. Subjunctive: affinch\u00e9 (purpose), purch\u00e9 (condition), bench\u00e9 (concession), plus literary acciocch\u00e9, ancorch\u00e9. Indicative: poich\u00e9 (cause), giacch\u00e9 (cause, literary), cosicch\u00e9 and sicch\u00e9 when expressing a factual consequence. Both: cosicch\u00e9 when the consequence is intended (so that&#8230; can) takes the subjunctive; when it is factual (so&#8230; did), the indicative. Infinitive only: anzich\u00e9 (subject must match the main clause).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between purch\u00e9 and a patto che?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both mean on condition that and both take the subjunctive. Purch\u00e9 expresses a minimum, subjective condition the speaker is willing to accept (it&#8217;s all you need to do for X to happen): Ti accompagno purch\u00e9 tu mi offra il pranzo. A patto che is more negotiated, often used in bargaining contexts where both parties set terms: Vi do la villa a patto che mi paghiate l&#8217;affitto in anticipo. A condizione che is even stronger and sounds authoritarian: it presents the condition as non-negotiable.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use poich\u00e9 instead of perch\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>When the cause clause comes before the main clause. Italian uses poich\u00e9 (and its everyday cousin siccome) to open a sentence with a cause; perch\u00e9 stays after the main clause in declarative use. Poich\u00e9 Matteo conosce Modena, gli chiediamo il tour is correct; Perch\u00e9 Matteo conosce Modena, gli chiediamo il tour is not (perch\u00e9 at the start only works in questions). Poich\u00e9 is also more formal than siccome; reach for poich\u00e9 in essays and journalism, siccome in conversation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is sicch\u00e9 the same as cosicch\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Almost. Both express a consequence and are interchangeable in most contexts. Cosicch\u00e9 is slightly more formal and more common in writing; sicch\u00e9 is the everyday spoken form. Both take the indicative for factual consequences (Ho perso il treno, sicch\u00e9 sono arrivato tardi) and the subjunctive for intended consequences (Ho ordinato venti copie cosicch\u00e9 ogni cliente ne abbia una). In casual conversation, both are often replaced by quindi or cos\u00ec che. The Accademia della Crusca treats both as standard.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is the accent always on the final \u00e9?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Italian uses an acute accent on the closed e sound (a slightly higher pitch, like English ay) and a grave accent on the open e (lower, like English eh). Every -ch\u00e9 conjunction comes from Vulgar Latin quid (closed e in modern Italian pronunciation) and therefore takes the acute \u00e9: perch\u00e9, affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, bench\u00e9, poich\u00e9, sicch\u00e9, cosicch\u00e9, anzich\u00e9. The grave accent (perch\u00e8, bench\u00e8) is a frequent typo and a clear grammar mistake in formal writing. Always type \u00e9, never \u00e8, in any -ch\u00e9 conjunction.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that pair well with this one, plus an institutional reference on the acute accent rule.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-causal-clauses-perch\u00e9-siccome\/\">Italian Causal Clauses: Perch\u00e9, Siccome, Poich\u00e9<\/a>: deeper coverage of the causal family that includes <em>poich\u00e9<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-concessive-clauses-sebbene-benche-anche-se\/\">Italian Concessive Clauses: Anche Se, Sebbene, Bench\u00e9<\/a>: full guide to the concessive family that includes <em>bench\u00e9<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subjunctive-tenses\/\">Italian Subjunctive Tenses<\/a>: the mood that powers <em>affinch\u00e9<\/em>, <em>purch\u00e9<\/em>, and <em>bench\u00e9<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/vademecum-sullaccento-quando-indicarlo-e-dove-pronunciarlo\/34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Vademecum sull&#8217;accento<\/a>: institutional note on when to use acute \u00e9 vs grave \u00e8.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian -ch\u00e9 conjunctions are a morphological family of subordinators ending in stressed -ch\u00e9: affinch\u00e9 (purpose, &#8220;so that&#8221;), purch\u00e9 (condition, &#8220;provided that&#8221;), bench\u00e9 (concession, &#8220;although&#8221;), poich\u00e9 (cause, &#8220;since&#8221;), cosicch\u00e9\/sicch\u00e9 (consequence, &#8220;therefore&#8221;), anzich\u00e9 (substitution, &#8220;instead of&#8221;). They share the same suffix and the same accent rule, but each one introduces a different type of &#8230; <a title=\"Italian -ch\u00e9 Conjunctions: Affinch\u00e9, Purch\u00e9, Bench\u00e9, Poich\u00e9 (B2)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-che-conjunctions\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian -ch\u00e9 Conjunctions: Affinch\u00e9, Purch\u00e9, Bench\u00e9, Poich\u00e9 (B2)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1866],"tags":[941,1141,1274],"class_list":["post-19456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b2","tag-affinche","tag-benche","tag-poiche","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19456"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61070,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19456\/revisions\/61070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}