{"id":17171,"date":"2016-07-10T01:01:05","date_gmt":"2016-07-09T16:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=17171"},"modified":"2026-05-16T16:51:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T07:51:16","slug":"italian-future-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-future-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Future Tense: Futuro Semplice and Anteriore"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> The <strong>italian future tense<\/strong> comes in two forms. <em>Futuro semplice<\/em> (<em>parler\u00f2, legger\u00f2, dormir\u00f2<\/em>) marks future events and, just as often, a guess about the present (<em>sar\u00e0 stanco<\/em> = he must be tired right now). <em>Futuro anteriore<\/em> (<em>avr\u00f2 parlato, sar\u00f2 arrivato<\/em>) is the compound one: it marks an action finished before another future action, and it also covers a guess about the past (<em>sar\u00e0 costata mille euro<\/em> = it probably cost a thousand euros). The endings are shared by all three conjugations: <em>-er\u00f2, -erai, -er\u00e0, -eremo, -erete, -eranno<\/em>. A small group of verbs drops the vowel (<em>avr\u00f2, andr\u00f2<\/em>) or doubles the r (<em>vorr\u00f2, verr\u00f2<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Get the italian future tense right and you open up plans, predictions, polite guesses and the very Italian habit of using the future to say &#8220;I am not sure&#8221;. By the end you will form both tenses, place the irregular stems, and know when Italians quietly drop the future for the present instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-17171\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-17171 gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#two\">Two Italian futures and why you need both<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#semplice\">Futuro semplice: the regular pattern<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#spelling\">Mangiare, cercare, pagare: the spelling twist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#irregular\">The irregular future stems<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#events\">Futuro semplice for future events<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#guess-present\">Futuro semplice for guesses about the present<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#anteriore\">Futuro anteriore: how you build it<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#triggers\">When you need futuro anteriore<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#guess-past\">Futuro anteriore for guesses about the past<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#presente\">Presente for the future<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian future tense<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: at the car-rental desk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"two\">Two Italian futures and why you need both<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian future tense splits into a simple tense (<em>futuro semplice<\/em>) and a compound tense (<em>futuro anteriore<\/em>). English has a close parallel: &#8220;I will eat&#8221; versus &#8220;I will have eaten&#8221;. Within the italian future tense, the simple form points at the action itself; the anterior form frames an action as finished before another future moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both tenses do more than describe the future. Both are used constantly for guesses, estimates and polite hedging. <em>Futuro semplice<\/em> covers a guess about now (<em>dove sar\u00e0 Caterina?<\/em>), and <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> covers a guess about the past (<em>sar\u00e0 costata una fortuna<\/em>). English speakers miss this, because &#8220;will&#8221; does not stretch that far. Learning the italian future tense means learning the forms and this second, hidden job at the same time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"semplice\">Futuro semplice: the regular pattern for -are, -ere, -ire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The good news about the italian future tense: all three conjugations share one set of endings. The <em>-a-<\/em> of <em>-are<\/em> verbs softens into <em>-e-<\/em>, which lines it up with <em>-ere<\/em>. The <em>-ire<\/em> group keeps its <em>-i-<\/em>. After that, the endings are identical for every verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Subject<\/th><th>parlare<\/th><th>leggere<\/th><th>dormire<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>io<\/td><td>parler\u00f2<\/td><td>legger\u00f2<\/td><td>dormir\u00f2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tu<\/td><td>parlerai<\/td><td>leggerai<\/td><td>dormirai<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>lui \/ lei<\/td><td>parler\u00e0<\/td><td>legger\u00e0<\/td><td>dormir\u00e0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>noi<\/td><td>parleremo<\/td><td>leggeremo<\/td><td>dormiremo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>voi<\/td><td>parlerete<\/td><td>leggerete<\/td><td>dormirete<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>loro<\/td><td>parleranno<\/td><td>leggeranno<\/td><td>dormiranno<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note the accent on the <em>io<\/em> and <em>lui\/lei<\/em> forms (<em>parler\u00f2<\/em>, <em>parler\u00e0<\/em>). The written accent is what separates <em>io parler\u00f2<\/em> (I will speak) from <em>io parlo<\/em> (I speak), and in speech the stress falls clearly on the last syllable. The <em>-isc-<\/em> split that <em>-ire<\/em> verbs show in the present (<em>capisco<\/em> versus <em>dormo<\/em>) disappears here: <em>capir\u00f2, capirai, capir\u00e0<\/em> line up exactly with <em>dormir\u00f2, dormirai, dormir\u00e0<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"spelling\">Mangiare, cercare, pagare: the spelling twist<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three families of <em>-are<\/em> verbs need a small spelling adjustment in the italian future tense so the stem sound stays the same. This is the only orthography hurdle in the regular italian future tense.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>mangiare, viaggiare, cominciare<\/strong> (soft <em>-gi-<\/em>, <em>-ci-<\/em> stems): drop the <em>-i-<\/em> before the ending. <em>manger\u00f2, viaggeremo, cominceranno<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>cercare, giocare, dimenticare<\/strong> (hard <em>c<\/em>): add an <em>h<\/em> to keep the sound hard. <em>cercher\u00f2, giocherai, dimenticheremo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>pagare, legare, spiegare<\/strong> (hard <em>g<\/em>): add an <em>h<\/em> for the same reason. <em>pagher\u00f2, legheranno, spiegheremo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-spell-17171\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Let the sound decide.<\/strong> Say the stem out loud before you conjugate. Soft ending (<em>mangi-<\/em>, <em>cominci-<\/em>): drop the <em>i<\/em>. Hard ending (<em>cerc-<\/em>, <em>pag-<\/em>): add an <em>h<\/em>. The pronunciation drives the spelling in the italian future tense, never the other way round. The same rule also feeds the conditional, so you learn it once.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"irregular\">The irregular future stems: essere, avere, andare and friends<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">About a dozen very common verbs do not follow the regular rule. They fall into small families, all worth memorising because they appear in almost every sentence. The same stems also feed the <em>condizionale<\/em> (<em>avrei, andrei, vorrei<\/em>), so one round of memorisation does double work across the italian future tense and the conditional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Family<\/th><th>Verbs<\/th><th>Stem and io form<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>essere (unique)<\/td><td>essere<\/td><td><em>sar-<\/em>: sar\u00f2, sarai, sar\u00e0, saremo, sarete, saranno<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>a-stems<\/td><td>fare, stare, dare<\/td><td><em>far- \/ star- \/ dar-<\/em>: far\u00f2, star\u00f2, dar\u00f2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>vowel drop<\/td><td>avere, andare, dovere, potere, sapere, vedere, vivere, cadere<\/td><td><em>avr-, andr-, dovr-, potr-, sapr-, vedr-<\/em> (avr\u00f2, andr\u00f2, dovr\u00f2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>double r<\/td><td>volere, tenere, venire, rimanere, bere<\/td><td><em>vorr-, terr-, verr-, rimarr-, berr-<\/em> (vorr\u00f2, terr\u00f2, verr\u00f2)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drill all six endings on the most frequent irregular stem, <em>avere<\/em>: <em>avr\u00f2, avrai, avr\u00e0, avremo, avrete, avranno<\/em>. Every irregular stem above takes those exact endings, so once you own the stem the rest is muscle memory. Note <em>andare<\/em> sits with the vowel-drop group (<em>andr\u00f2<\/em>, not <em>ander\u00f2<\/em>), a frequent learner slip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"events\">Futuro semplice for actual future events<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most transparent use of the italian future tense is the one textbooks start with: marking an event that lies ahead. Italians reach for <em>futuro semplice<\/em> when the moment is fairly distant, when the plan is uncertain, or when the register is formal.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>L&#8217;anno prossimo andremo a Padova per il festival.<\/em><br>Next year we will go to Padua for the festival.<\/li>\n<li><em>A ottant&#8217;anni vivr\u00f2 al mare, non in citt\u00e0.<\/em><br>At eighty I will live by the sea, not in the city.<\/li>\n<li><em>La conferenza comincer\u00e0 alle nove in punto.<\/em><br>The conference will start at nine sharp.<\/li>\n<li><em>I pomodori saranno maturi solo a luglio.<\/em><br>The tomatoes will be ripe only in July.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One key difference from French or Spanish: Italian does not insist on the future for near events. In casual speech the present indicative is standard and often preferred, a point the dedicated section below covers in full.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"guess-present\">Futuro semplice for guesses about the present<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here is the move that surprises English speakers. To mark uncertainty about a present fact, Italians shift into <em>futuro semplice<\/em>. The tense is not pointing at the future at all; it signals &#8220;I am guessing, not stating&#8221;. This conjectural reading is one of the most useful corners of the italian future tense, and a hallmark of fluent, natural italian future tense use.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Dove sar\u00e0 Pietro? Non risponde da un&#8217;ora.<\/em><br>Where can Pietro be? He has not answered for an hour.<\/li>\n<li><em>Questo telefono coster\u00e0 mille euro.<\/em><br>This phone probably costs a thousand euros.<\/li>\n<li><em>La madre di Elena avr\u00e0 quarant&#8217;anni.<\/em><br>Elena&#8217;s mother is probably around forty.<\/li>\n<li><em>Non ho l&#8217;orologio, ma saranno le quattro.<\/em><br>I do not have a watch, but it must be four o&#8217;clock.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In English you would add &#8220;must&#8221;, &#8220;probably&#8221; or &#8220;I guess&#8221;. Italian folds that whole hedge into the italian future tense itself. There is also a concessive flavour: <em>avr\u00e0 anche ragione, ma non sono d&#8217;accordo<\/em> (she may well be right, but I do not agree). Once you hear this, half of spoken Italian starts to make sense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"anteriore\">Futuro anteriore: how you build it<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Futuro anteriore<\/em> is the compound half of the italian future tense, the second tense every learner needs. Two pieces: the auxiliary (<em>essere<\/em> or <em>avere<\/em>) in the <em>futuro semplice<\/em>, then the past participle. Auxiliary choice mirrors the <em>passato prossimo<\/em> exactly: <em>essere<\/em> for motion, change of state and reflexives, <em>avere<\/em> for most others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Subject<\/th><th>essere + andare<\/th><th>avere + mangiare<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>io<\/td><td>sar\u00f2 andato \/ andata<\/td><td>avr\u00f2 mangiato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>tu<\/td><td>sarai andato \/ andata<\/td><td>avrai mangiato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>lui \/ lei<\/td><td>sar\u00e0 andato \/ andata<\/td><td>avr\u00e0 mangiato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>noi<\/td><td>saremo andati \/ andate<\/td><td>avremo mangiato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>voi<\/td><td>sarete andati \/ andate<\/td><td>avrete mangiato<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>loro<\/td><td>saranno andati \/ andate<\/td><td>avranno mangiato<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Agreement is identical to the <em>passato prossimo<\/em>: with <em>essere<\/em> the participle agrees with the subject (<em>Caterina sar\u00e0 arrivata<\/em>, <em>i ragazzi saranno partiti<\/em>); with <em>avere<\/em> it stays in <em>-o<\/em> unless a direct-object pronoun comes first (<em>le avr\u00f2 gi\u00e0 viste<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"triggers\">When you need futuro anteriore: quando, appena, dopo che<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian reaches for <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> when two future actions sit in the same sentence and one must finish before the other starts. The trigger connectors are <em>quando<\/em>, <em>appena<\/em>, <em>dopo che<\/em>, <em>una volta che<\/em>. The earlier-future clause takes <em>futuro anteriore<\/em>; the later one takes <em>futuro semplice<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Quando avr\u00f2 finito di lavorare, torner\u00f2 a casa.<\/em><br>When I have finished work, I will go home.<\/li>\n<li><em>Appena sarai arrivata a Lucca, chiamami.<\/em><br>As soon as you have arrived in Lucca, call me.<\/li>\n<li><em>Dopo che avremo mangiato, faremo due passi sulle mura.<\/em><br>After we have eaten, we will take a short walk on the walls.<\/li>\n<li><em>Se tra un&#8217;ora il pacco non sar\u00e0 arrivato, chiamer\u00f2 il corriere.<\/em><br>If the parcel has not arrived in an hour, I will call the courier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English uses the simple present or present perfect here (&#8220;when I finish&#8221;, &#8220;when I have finished&#8221;). Italian wants the double future marking to make the sequence unambiguous. Skipping <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> after <em>quando<\/em>, <em>appena<\/em> or <em>dopo che<\/em> is one of the most recognisable learner mistakes in the whole italian future tense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"guess-past\">Futuro anteriore for guesses about the past<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian future tense has a mirror image of the present-guess use. To mark a guess about a past event, Italians shift the sentence into <em>futuro anteriore<\/em>. The action is firmly in the past; the italian future tense only flags &#8220;I am estimating, not stating&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Quel quadro sar\u00e0 costato una fortuna.<\/em><br>That painting must have cost a fortune.<\/li>\n<li><em>Avr\u00e0 avuto dieci anni quando ha iniziato a suonare.<\/em><br>She must have been about ten when she started playing.<\/li>\n<li><em>Non rispondono: saranno usciti a fare la spesa.<\/em><br>They are not answering: they must have gone out shopping.<\/li>\n<li><em>Avrai anche studiato, ma l&#8217;esame non \u00e8 andato bene.<\/em><br>You may well have studied, but the exam did not go well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The plain version would use the <em>passato prossimo<\/em> plus a marker: <em>forse \u00e8 costato una fortuna<\/em>, <em>probabilmente sono usciti<\/em>. <em>Futuro anteriore<\/em> compresses that hedge into the italian future tense, exactly as <em>futuro semplice<\/em> does for present guesses. The last example also shows the concessive use: &#8220;you may have, but&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-epi-17171\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Two questions before you write a future sentence.<\/strong> Is there another future action after this one? If yes, the earlier one wants <em>futuro anteriore<\/em>. Am I guessing rather than stating? If yes, the italian future tense does the hedge for you, with no need to add <em>forse<\/em> or <em>probabilmente<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"presente\">Presente for the future: when Italians skip futuro semplice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One last twist of the italian future tense: in everyday spoken Italian, near-future events often come out in the <em>presente<\/em>, not the <em>futuro semplice<\/em>. This is not a mistake: it is an established pattern. Learners who force the italian future tense into every forward-looking sentence end up sounding textbook-stiff.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Domani parto per Modena con il treno delle nove.<\/em><br>Tomorrow I am leaving for Modena on the nine o&#8217;clock train.<\/li>\n<li><em>Stasera ceniamo dai miei.<\/em><br>Tonight we are having dinner at my parents&#8217;.<\/li>\n<li><em>Tra dieci minuti arrivo, sono quasi alla stazione.<\/em><br>I will be there in ten minutes, I am almost at the station.<\/li>\n<li><em>Il treno parte alle dieci e mezza.<\/em><br>The train leaves at half past ten.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule of thumb: if a time word anchors the event (<em>domani<\/em>, <em>stasera<\/em>, <em>tra dieci minuti<\/em>, <em>alle nove<\/em>) and the event is planned or scheduled, the present covers it. The italian future tense becomes necessary when the moment is distant, uncertain, or projected with no tight time anchor: <em>un giorno andr\u00f2 in Giappone<\/em>, <em>prima o poi ci sposeremo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian future tense<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The whole italian future tense on one card. Keep it open while you build your next sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Item<\/th><th>Rule<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Endings<\/td><td>-er\u00f2, -erai, -er\u00e0, -eremo, -erete, -eranno (-ir\u00f2 for -ire)<\/td><td><em>parler\u00f2, legger\u00f2, dormir\u00f2<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Spelling<\/td><td>mangiare drops i; cercare, pagare add h<\/td><td><em>manger\u00f2, cercher\u00f2, pagher\u00f2<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vowel-drop stems<\/td><td>avere, andare, dovere, potere, sapere, vedere<\/td><td><em>avr\u00f2, andr\u00f2, dovr\u00f2<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Double-r stems<\/td><td>volere, tenere, venire, rimanere, bere<\/td><td><em>vorr\u00f2, terr\u00f2, verr\u00f2<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Futuro semplice uses<\/td><td>distant future fact, guess about the present<\/td><td><em>sar\u00e0 stanco<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Futuro anteriore form<\/td><td>future of essere\/avere + participle<\/td><td><em>avr\u00f2 finito, sar\u00f2 partito<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Futuro anteriore uses<\/td><td>anteriority after quando\/appena\/dopo che; guess about the past<\/td><td><em>sar\u00e0 costata mille euro<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Presente pro futuro<\/td><td>near, anchored events sound better in the present<\/td><td><em>domani parto<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make with the italian future tense<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Five slips flag a sentence as written by a learner. Each one comes from mapping English habits straight onto the italian future tense instead of trusting its own logic.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Regularising andare.<\/strong> \u274c <em>ander\u00f2<\/em>. \u2705 <em>andr\u00f2<\/em>. It belongs to the vowel-drop group.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forgetting the accent.<\/strong> \u274c <em>io parlero<\/em>. \u2705 <em>io parler\u00f2<\/em>. The written accent on <em>-\u00f2<\/em> and <em>-\u00e0<\/em> is obligatory.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Skipping futuro anteriore after a trigger.<\/strong> \u274c <em>Quando finisco, ti chiamer\u00f2<\/em> (in formal use). \u2705 <em>Quando avr\u00f2 finito, ti chiamer\u00f2<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adding forse to a conjectural future.<\/strong> \u274c <em>Forse sar\u00e0 a casa<\/em> when you only mean &#8220;she is probably home&#8221;. \u2705 <em>Sar\u00e0 a casa<\/em> already carries the guess.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forcing the future on near events.<\/strong> \u274c <em>Domani partir\u00f2 alle nove<\/em> in casual speech. \u2705 <em>Domani parto alle nove<\/em> sounds more natural.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the participle that builds <em>futuro anteriore<\/em>, see our guide on the <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-past-participle\/\">Italian past participle<\/a>. For auxiliary choice in compound tenses, <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-passato-prossimo-vs-imperfetto\/\">passato prossimo vs imperfetto<\/a>. For the twin stems, the <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-conditional\/\">Italian conditional<\/a>. The institutional reference on the conjectural use is the Accademia della Crusca note on the <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sulluso-epistemico-del-futuro\/5021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uso epistemico del futuro<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1-17171\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Fill each gap with the right future form. Some want <em>futuro semplice<\/em>, some <em>futuro anteriore<\/em>, one the conjectural use. Read your answers aloud once.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Dove _____ (essere) il mio telefono? Non lo trovo da ore.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Quando _____ (noi, finire) il progetto, _____ (prendere) una settimana di ferie.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>L&#8217;anno prossimo Caterina _____ (andare) a vivere a Padova.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se _____ (tu, avere) tempo, passa a prenderci alla stazione.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Appena il film _____ (finire), _____ (noi, uscire) dal cinema.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Quella borsa _____ (costare) almeno trecento euro, guardala.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. <em>sar\u00e0<\/em> (guess about the present) \u00b7 2. <em>avremo finito<\/em> \/ <em>prenderemo<\/em> \u00b7 3. <em>andr\u00e0<\/em> \u00b7 4. <em>avrai<\/em> \u00b7 5. <em>sar\u00e0 finito<\/em> \/ <em>usciremo<\/em> \u00b7 6. <em>coster\u00e0<\/em> (guess about the present)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: at the car-rental desk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pietro books a car at a rental desk in Lucca for a weekend trip. This short scene runs the italian future tense through every job: a near plan in the present, real future events, the conjectural guess, and one <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> after <em>appena<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-17171\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Buongiorno, domani parto per Modena e mi serve un&#8217;auto per il fine settimana.<br><em>Good morning, tomorrow I am leaving for Modena and I need a car for the weekend.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Certo. Quando la riporter\u00e0, luned\u00ec mattina?<br><em>Of course. When will you bring it back, Monday morning?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> S\u00ec. Appena sar\u00f2 tornato a Lucca, ve la lascer\u00f2 qui in ufficio.<br><em>Yes. As soon as I have got back to Lucca, I will leave it here at the office for you.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Perfetto. Con l&#8217;assicurazione completa coster\u00e0 novanta euro in tutto.<br><em>Perfect. With full insurance it will cost ninety euros in total.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Quanto ci vorr\u00e0 per arrivare a Modena, secondo lei?<br><em>How long will it take to get to Modena, in your opinion?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Con il traffico del venerd\u00ec saranno due ore e mezza, forse tre.<br><em>With Friday traffic it will probably be two and a half hours, maybe three.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Va bene. Dopo che avr\u00f2 firmato il contratto, posso ritirare le chiavi?<br><em>All right. After I have signed the contract, can I pick up the keys?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Certo. Glielo preparo subito: tra cinque minuti sar\u00e0 tutto pronto.<br><em>Of course. I will prepare it right away: in five minutes everything will be ready.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice the mix: <em>domani parto<\/em> (present for a near plan), <em>riporter\u00e0<\/em> and <em>coster\u00e0<\/em> (plain future), <em>saranno due ore e mezza<\/em> (conjectural guess), <em>appena sar\u00f2 tornato<\/em> and <em>dopo che avr\u00f2 firmato<\/em> (<em>futuro anteriore<\/em> after triggers). One short exchange runs the whole italian future tense system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below drills the whole italian future tense: regular and irregular forms, the conjectural use, and <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> after triggers. Take it after the cheat sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-17171\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_156\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Future Tense: Futuro Semplice and Anteriore\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F17171\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F17171\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"ac91f5c3af\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17171\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"your email address\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Full Name<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Your full name\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Enter password\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    I accept the <a href=\"\/eng\/terms\/\" target=\"_blank\">Terms<\/a> and <a href=\"\/eng\/privacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Policy<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continue<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continue',\n            signIn: 'Sign In',\n            createAccount: 'Create Account',\n            enterPassword: 'Enter password',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Enter your password',\n            choosePassword: 'Choose a secure password',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'Email and password are required',\n            nameRequired: 'Full name is required',\n            acceptTerms: 'Please accept Terms and Privacy Policy',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Processing...',\n            success: 'Success! Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"129\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Cloze: forms and uses of the Italian future<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"130\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Conjugation: futuro semplice and futuro anteriore<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Your result &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Let&#8217;s strengthen the foundations on this topic.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>10-Lesson Package<\/strong> gives you ten focused 55-minute sessions with a native teacher, at your own pace.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">10-Lesson Package<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"10-Lesson Package\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/our-courses\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Get the 10-Lesson Package &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Your result &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Solid base. Let&#8217;s build on it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>weekly 1:1 lesson<\/strong> gives you the rhythm and the personalised feedback to turn what you know into what you say automatically.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Weekly 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Weekly 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/our-courses\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Book a Weekly 1:1 lesson &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Your result &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Great work. You&#8217;re ready for the group.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> In the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> you&#8217;ll move from solid grammar to live conversation.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/our-courses\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Your result &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Bravissimo! You nailed it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> Step into the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> to turn accurate Italian into fluent Italian.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/our-courses\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choose the right future form<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Pick the form between the brackets. Watch for spelling (manger&#242;, cercher&#242;), irregular stems (avr&#242;, andr&#242;, vorr&#242;), and the difference between <\/em><em>futuro semplice<\/em>, <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> and the <em>presente<\/em> used for near-future events.<\/p>\n<p>Senza tastiera italiana? Un apostrofo basta: scrivi <code>e'<\/code> al posto di <code>\u00e8<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">Example: Domani Anna (parla, <strong><u>parler\u00e0<\/u><\/strong>, ha parlato) con il direttore.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6445\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>L'anno prossimo Tommaso (parler\u00f2, parler\u00e0, parlerai) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(parler\u00e0, parlera')<\/span><\/span> a un convegno di restauro a Mantova.<br><br><em>Next year Tommaso will speak at a restoration conference in Mantova.<\/em><\/li><li>Tra dieci anni Beatrice (avria, aver\u00e0, avr\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avr\u00e0, avra')<\/span><\/span> una piccola libreria di seconda mano a Cremona.<br><br><em>In ten years Beatrice will have a small second-hand bookshop in Cremona.<\/em><\/li><li>Quando Tommaso e Pietro andranno a Ravenna in primavera, (vorranno, voranno, vorano) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(vorranno)<\/span><\/span> vedere i mosaici di Sant'Apollinare insieme alla guida del museo.<br><br><em>When Tommaso and Pietro go to Ravenna in spring, they will want to see the Sant'Apollinare mosaics with the museum guide.<\/em><\/li><li>Domenica mattina Eleonora (cercer\u00e0, cercher\u00e0, cerchera) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(cercher\u00e0, cerchera')<\/span><\/span> un buon ristorante di pesce vicino alle Mura di Lucca per festeggiare il compleanno.<br><br><em>On Sunday morning Eleonora will look for a good fish restaurant near the Walls of Lucca to celebrate her birthday.<\/em><\/li><li>Sabato Stefano ed Eleonora (mangeremo, manghiamo, mangieremo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(mangeremo)<\/span><\/span> la torta di mele dalla nonna a Ferrara.<br><br><em>On Saturday Stefano and Eleonora will eat apple cake at grandma's in Ferrara.<\/em><\/li><li>Dopo la laurea Eleonora (ander\u00e0, andr\u00e0, andar\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(andr\u00e0, andra')<\/span><\/span> a vivere a Padova per un master in archivistica.<br><br><em>After graduation Eleonora will go and live in Padova for a master in archive studies.<\/em><\/li><li>Non rispondono al campanello: (saranno, sarebbero, sono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(saranno)<\/span><\/span> ancora al mercato del gioved\u00ec.<br><br><em>They are not answering the doorbell: they must still be at the Thursday market.<\/em><\/li><li>Quando Beatrice (ha finito, avr\u00e0 finito, finir\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avr\u00e0 finito, avra' finito)<\/span><\/span> di stirare le camicie, preparer\u00e0 la cena per i bambini.<br><br><em>When Beatrice has finished ironing the shirts, she will make dinner for the kids.<\/em><\/li><li>Pietro chiamer\u00e0 i genitori appena (sar\u00e0 arrivato, \u00e8 arrivato, arriver\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sar\u00e0 arrivato, sara' arrivato)<\/span><\/span> a Modena con la macchina a noleggio.<br><br><em>Pietro will call his parents as soon as he has arrived in Modena with the rental car.<\/em><\/li><li>Domani Elena (sar\u00e0 partita, partir\u00e0, parte) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(parte)<\/span><\/span> per Cremona alle sette in punto, treno diretto.<br><br><em>Tomorrow Elena leaves for Cremona at seven sharp, direct train.<\/em><\/li><li>Quel vaso etrusco del museo (sar\u00e0 costato, \u00e8 costato, costa) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sar\u00e0 costato, sara' costato)<\/span><\/span> una cifra alla soprintendenza.<br><br><em>That Etruscan vase at the museum must have cost the heritage office a fortune.<\/em><\/li><li>L'estate prossima Beatrice e Tommaso (facciano, fareranno, faranno) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(faranno)<\/span><\/span> un viaggio in bicicletta lungo il Po fino a Cremona.<br><br><em>Next summer Beatrice and Tommaso will take a bike trip along the Po up to Cremona.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 out of 12. The whole italian future tense in one pass.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review the three jobs of the italian future tense:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>Future events<\/strong>: <em>parler&#224;, mangeremo, andr&#224;<\/em>. Endings -er&#242;\/-erai\/-er&#224;\/-eremo\/-erete\/-eranno (-ir&#242; for -ire).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spelling twist<\/strong>: <em>mangiare &rarr; manger&#242;<\/em>, <em>cercare &rarr; cercher&#242;<\/em>, <em>pagare &rarr; pagher&#242;<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Irregular stems<\/strong>: vowel-drop (<em>avr&#242;, andr&#242;, dovr&#242;, sapr&#242;, vedr&#242;<\/em>), double-r (<em>vorr&#242;, terr&#242;, verr&#242;<\/em>), plus <em>sar&#242;, far&#242;<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Guess about the present<\/strong>: <em>saranno al mercato<\/em> = they must be at the market right now.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Guess about the past<\/strong>: <em>sar&#224; costato<\/em> = it must have cost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Futuro anteriore<\/strong> after <em>quando, appena, dopo che<\/em>: <em>quando avr&#242; finito, ti chiamer&#242;<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Presente for the future<\/strong>: near, anchored events &mdash; <em>domani parto, stasera ceniamo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong>: convegno = conference &middot; restauro = restoration &middot; codici miniati = illuminated manuscripts &middot; archivistica = archive studies &middot; soprintendenza = heritage office.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Two checks before you answer.<\/strong> (1) Is the time anchor near and concrete (<em>domani, tra dieci minuti, alle sette<\/em>)? Italians often use the <em>presente<\/em>. (2) Is there another future action after this one (<em>quando, appena, dopo che<\/em> + future)? The earlier one wants the <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> (<em>avr&#242; finito, sar&#224; arrivato<\/em>).<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Conjugate the verb in the requested tense<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>The hint shows the infinitive and the tense. For <\/em><em>futuro anteriore<\/em>, build <em>essere<\/em> or <em>avere<\/em> in the <em>futuro semplice<\/em> and add the past participle, with agreement.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">Example: Domani Anna (telefonare &#8211; futuro semplice) <strong><u>{telefoner&#224;}<\/u><\/strong> al medico.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6446\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Beatrice (lavorare - futuro semplice) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(lavorer\u00e0, lavorera')<\/span><\/span> tutta l'estate alla tesi di laurea sui codici miniati di Cremona.<br><br><em>Beatrice will work all summer on her thesis on the illuminated manuscripts of Cremona.<\/em><\/li><li>Quando Stefano (finire - futuro anteriore) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avr\u00e0 finito, avra' finito)<\/span><\/span> il restauro del cortile, la famiglia organizzer\u00e0 una piccola festa per i vicini di casa.<br><br><em>When Stefano has finished restoring the courtyard, the family will organise a small party for the neighbours.<\/em><\/li><li>Tra qualche minuto Tommaso (sapere - futuro semplice) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sapr\u00e0, sapra')<\/span><\/span> il risultato del concorso al conservatorio di Mantova.<br><br><em>In a few minutes Tommaso will know the result of the audition at the Mantova conservatory.<\/em><\/li><li>Appena Eleonora (alzarsi - futuro anteriore) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si sar\u00e0 alzata, si sara' alzata)<\/span><\/span>, porter\u00e0 il caff\u00e8 in camera alla madre.<br><br><em>As soon as Eleonora has got up, she will bring coffee to her mother in her room.<\/em><\/li><li>L'anno prossimo Pietro ed Elena (venire - futuro semplice) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(verranno)<\/span><\/span> a Padova per il festival del cinema con i due figli.<br><br><em>Next year Pietro and Elena will come to Padova for the film festival with their two children.<\/em><\/li><li>Dopo che il treno (arrivare - futuro anteriore) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sar\u00e0 arrivato, sara' arrivato)<\/span><\/span> a Ravenna, Stefano prender\u00e0 un taxi per la basilica.<br><br><em>After the train has arrived in Ravenna, Stefano will take a taxi to the basilica.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 out of 6. Conjugation locked in.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Reminders:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>Futuro semplice<\/em>: stem + -&#242;\/-ai\/-&#224;\/-emo\/-ete\/-anno. <em>Lavorer&#224;, sapr&#224;, verranno<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Futuro anteriore<\/em>: <em>avere<\/em>\/<em>essere<\/em> at the future + past participle. <em>Avr&#242; finito, sar&#224; arrivato<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Reflexive verbs take <em>essere<\/em>: <em>si sar&#224; alzata<\/em> (agreement with the subject).<\/li>\n<li>Motion verbs (<em>andare, arrivare, venire, partire<\/em>) take <em>essere<\/em>: <em>sar&#224; arrivato a Ravenna<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong>: codici miniati = illuminated manuscripts &middot; restauro = restoration &middot; conservatorio = music academy &middot; archivistica = archive studies.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Two questions per item.<\/strong> Is the tense <em>futuro semplice<\/em> or <em>futuro anteriore<\/em>? If <em>anteriore<\/em>, which auxiliary? <em>Essere<\/em> for motion and reflexives (with subject agreement on the participle), <em>avere<\/em> for most others.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_156',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 156,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"129\":12,\"130\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6445\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6445,\"catId\":129,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"parler\\u00e0\",\"parlera'\"],[\"avr\\u00e0\",\"avra'\"],[\"vorranno\"],[\"cercher\\u00e0\",\"cerchera'\"],[\"mangeremo\"],[\"andr\\u00e0\",\"andra'\"],[\"saranno\"],[\"avr\\u00e0 finito\",\"avra' finito\"],[\"sar\\u00e0 arrivato\",\"sara' arrivato\"],[\"parte\"],[\"sar\\u00e0 costato\",\"sara' costato\"],[\"faranno\"]]},\"6446\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6446,\"catId\":130,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"lavorer\\u00e0\",\"lavorera'\"],[\"avr\\u00e0 finito\",\"avra' finito\"],[\"sapr\\u00e0\",\"sapra'\"],[\"si sar\\u00e0 alzata\",\"si sara' alzata\"],[\"verranno\"],[\"sar\\u00e0 arrivato\",\"sara' arrivato\"]]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seven questions about the italian future tense come up in every A2 to B1 cohort. The answers below draw on classroom usage and on the Accademia della Crusca note on the <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sulluso-epistemico-del-futuro\/5021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uso epistemico del futuro<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-ft-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do you form the futuro semplice in Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>All three conjugations share the same endings: -er\u00f2, -erai, -er\u00e0, -eremo, -erete, -eranno, with -ir\u00f2 for -ire verbs. The -a- of -are verbs becomes -e-. Parlare becomes parler\u00f2, leggere legger\u00f2, dormire dormir\u00f2. The written accent on the io and lui forms is obligatory.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ft-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the main irregular future stems?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Two families. Vowel-drop stems: avere (avr\u00f2), andare (andr\u00f2), dovere (dovr\u00f2), potere (potr\u00f2), sapere (sapr\u00f2), vedere (vedr\u00f2), vivere (vivr\u00f2), cadere (cadr\u00f2). Double-r stems: volere (vorr\u00f2), tenere (terr\u00f2), venire (verr\u00f2), rimanere (rimarr\u00f2), bere (berr\u00f2). Plus sar\u00f2 for essere and the far\u00f2, star\u00f2, dar\u00f2 family.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ft-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why do Italians use the future for guesses about the present?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Italian uses the future tense to mark uncertainty. Dove sar\u00e0 Pietro means where might Pietro be right now, not in the future. Sar\u00e0 stanco means he must be tired. The tense signals I am estimating rather than stating. English uses must or probably for the same job.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ft-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I build the futuro anteriore?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It is a compound tense: the auxiliary essere or avere in the futuro semplice, plus the past participle. Auxiliary choice and agreement follow the passato prossimo rules. Avr\u00f2 mangiato, sar\u00f2 andato or andata, avremo finito, saranno partiti or partite.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ft-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I need futuro anteriore?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Whenever one future action must be completed before another. Quando avr\u00f2 finito, torner\u00f2. Appena saremo arrivati, ti chiameremo. Dopo che avremo cenato, usciremo. Una volta che la riunione sar\u00e0 finita, ti mander\u00f2 il verbale.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ft-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can Italians use the present for the future?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, constantly, for near events anchored by a time word. Domani parto per Modena, stasera ceniamo dai miei, tra dieci minuti arrivo. The pattern is normal spoken Italian. The future becomes preferable when the moment is distant or uncertain.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-ft-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is futuro anteriore epistemico?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It is the mirror of the conjectural present. To mark a guess about a past event, Italian shifts into futuro anteriore. Sar\u00e0 costata mille euro means it probably cost a thousand, avr\u00e0 avuto dieci anni means she must have been about ten. The action is past; the tense flags the guess.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that pair with the italian future tense, plus an institutional reference.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-past-participle\/\">Italian Past Participle<\/a>: the participle that builds futuro anteriore.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-passato-prossimo-vs-imperfetto\/\">Italian Passato Prossimo vs Imperfetto<\/a>: auxiliary choice in compound tenses.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-conditional\/\">Italian Conditional<\/a>: the twin that shares the same irregular stems.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sulluso-epistemico-del-futuro\/5021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: uso epistemico del futuro<\/a>: institutional note.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Italian future tense in one pass: futuro semplice for upcoming events and for guesses about the present, futuro anteriore for an action completed before another future action and for guesses about the past. Paradigms, irregular stems, spelling tricks, and when Italians skip futuro for presente.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1864],"tags":[1208,44,42],"class_list":["post-17171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a2","tag-futuro","tag-futuro-anteriore","tag-futuro-semplice","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17171"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60176,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17171\/revisions\/60176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}