{"id":16836,"date":"2016-05-07T06:19:36","date_gmt":"2016-05-06T21:19:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=16836"},"modified":"2026-05-17T03:37:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T18:37:48","slug":"italian-reflexive-verbs-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-reflexive-verbs-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Reflexive Verbs: Mi Lavo, Si Alza, Ci Vediamo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <em><strong>Italian reflexive verbs<\/strong> are verbs where the subject acts on itself, and they always carry a small pronoun: <em>mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si<\/em>. <em>Mi lavo<\/em> means &#8220;I wash myself&#8221;, <em>si alza<\/em> &#8220;she gets up&#8221;, <em>ci vediamo<\/em> &#8220;we see each other&#8221;. You spot them by the <em>-si<\/em> ending in the dictionary (<em>lavarsi<\/em>, <em>alzarsi<\/em>). In compound tenses they take <em>essere<\/em> and the participle agrees with the subject: <em>Caterina si \u00e8 alzata<\/em>. This guide covers every type of italian reflexive verbs, from true reflexives to reciprocals.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the pronoun set clicks, italian reflexive verbs are one of the most regular patterns in the language: same six pronouns, same auxiliary, a couple of position rules, and you are done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-rf\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-rf gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What a reflexive verb is<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conjugation\">The six pronouns and the present<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#truelexical\">True reflexives vs lexical ones<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#apparent\">Mi lavo le mani: the apparent reflexive<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#reciprocal\">Ci vediamo: reciprocal verbs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#past\">The past: essere and agreement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#position\">Where the pronoun goes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#imperative\">Telling someone: the imperative<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#common\">Common reflexive verbs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: at the Lucca beauty salon<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: the reflexive system<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What a reflexive verb is<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Watch someone get ready in the morning and you are watching italian reflexive verbs in action: <em>si sveglia<\/em>, <em>si lava<\/em>, <em>si veste<\/em>. The action loops back on the person doing it. That little pronoun glued to the verb (<em>si<\/em>) is what tells you the subject and the object are the same person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You recognize italian reflexive verbs in the dictionary by the <em>-si<\/em> ending: <em>lavarsi<\/em> (to wash oneself), <em>alzarsi<\/em> (to get up), <em>vestirsi<\/em> (to get dressed). Drop the <em>-si<\/em>, conjugate the verb normally, and add the matching pronoun in front. The infinitive itself keeps the pronoun: <em>-arsi<\/em>, <em>-ersi<\/em>, <em>-irsi<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-rf-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The tell-tale sign.<\/strong> <em>If the dictionary form ends in -si (lavarsi, svegliarsi), it is one of the italian reflexive verbs. The action comes back to the subject, and a pronoun always travels with the verb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conjugation\">The six pronouns and the present<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every reflexive verb runs on the same six pronouns: <em>mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si<\/em>. Learn them once and they work for all italian reflexive verbs, in every tense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>&nbsp;<\/th><th>pronoun<\/th><th>lavarsi<\/th><th>mettersi<\/th><th>divertirsi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>io<\/strong><\/td><td>mi<\/td><td>lavo<\/td><td>metto<\/td><td>diverto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>tu<\/strong><\/td><td>ti<\/td><td>lavi<\/td><td>metti<\/td><td>diverti<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>lui\/lei<\/strong><\/td><td>si<\/td><td>lava<\/td><td>mette<\/td><td>diverte<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>noi<\/strong><\/td><td>ci<\/td><td>laviamo<\/td><td>mettiamo<\/td><td>divertiamo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>voi<\/strong><\/td><td>vi<\/td><td>lavate<\/td><td>mettete<\/td><td>divertite<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>loro<\/strong><\/td><td>si<\/td><td>lavano<\/td><td>mettono<\/td><td>divertono<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mi sveglio alle sette e mi alzo subito.<br><em>I wake up at seven and get up right away.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina si lava e si veste prima di uscire.<br><em>Caterina washes and gets dressed before going out.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ci prepariamo in fretta, siamo in ritardo.<br><em>We get ready quickly, we are late.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice that the pronoun changes with the person, never with the verb ending. That regularity is why italian reflexive verbs are easier than they look once the table is memorized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"truelexical\">True reflexives vs lexical ones<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not all italian reflexive verbs are reflexive in meaning. Some really do loop the action back (<em>si lava<\/em>, she washes herself); others just happen to carry the pronoun without any &#8220;oneself&#8221; idea (<em>si alza<\/em>, she gets up, not &#8220;she lifts herself&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>True reflexive: <em>Lorenzo si critica troppo.<\/em><br>Lorenzo criticizes himself too much. (you could say critica s\u00e9 stesso)<\/li>\n<li>Lexical: <em>Mi alzo presto la domenica.<\/em><br>I get up early on Sundays. (you cannot say alzo me stesso)<\/li>\n<li>Lexical: <em>Caterina si arrabbia se aspetta troppo.<\/em><br>Caterina gets angry if she waits too long.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The practical takeaway: you do not need to label them. Whether the meaning is genuinely reflexive or just lexical, the grammar of these italian reflexive verbs is identical. The test is only useful to understand why <em>mi alzo<\/em> does not literally mean &#8220;I lift myself&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many lexical reflexives also have a plain transitive twin, with a small shift in meaning. <em>Fermare<\/em> means &#8220;to stop something&#8221; (<em>fermo la macchina<\/em>, I stop the car), while <em>fermarsi<\/em> means &#8220;to come to a stop&#8221; (<em>mi fermo al semaforo<\/em>, I stop at the light). The same pairing runs through <em>svegliare<\/em> \/ <em>svegliarsi<\/em>, <em>preparare<\/em> \/ <em>prepararsi<\/em>, <em>annoiare<\/em> \/ <em>annoiarsi<\/em>: the non-reflexive form acts on someone or something else, the reflexive form turns the same action onto the subject. Spotting that twin makes a large slice of italian reflexive verbs instantly predictable, and it is one of the fastest ways to expand your stock of italian reflexive verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"apparent\">Mi lavo le mani: the apparent reflexive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One pattern surprises English speakers. When italian reflexive verbs take a direct object, usually a body part or a piece of clothing, the meaning is &#8220;to oneself&#8221;, and the article replaces the English possessive.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mi lavo le mani prima di mangiare.<br><em>I wash my hands before eating.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Elena si trucca gli occhi con colori leggeri.<br><em>Elena does her eye make-up with light colours.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mi metto la giacca, fa freddo fuori.<br><em>I put my jacket on, it&#8217;s cold outside.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the &#8220;apparent reflexive&#8221;: the pronoun marks who benefits, the object is something else. Italian says <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em>, never &#8220;lavo le mie mani&#8221;. This use of italian reflexive verbs with body parts and clothing is one of the most common patterns in everyday speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reciprocal\">Ci vediamo: reciprocal verbs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With a plural subject, the same machinery of italian reflexive verbs expresses &#8220;each other&#8221;. <em>Si guardano<\/em> can mean &#8220;they look at themselves&#8221; or &#8220;they look at each other&#8221;; context, and sometimes <em>l&#8217;un l&#8217;altro<\/em>, makes it clear.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro e Lorenzo si conoscono da anni.<br><em>Pietro and Lorenzo have known each other for years.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ci siamo incontrati davanti al museo di Modena.<br><em>We met (each other) in front of the Modena museum.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Quando ci vediamo, ci salutiamo con un abbraccio.<br><em>When we see each other, we greet each other with a hug.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If a sentence could be misread, add <em>l&#8217;un l&#8217;altro<\/em> (<em>si aiutano l&#8217;un l&#8217;altro<\/em>, they help each other). Reciprocal use is just italian reflexive verbs with a &#8220;we \/ they&#8221; subject, so there is nothing new to memorize.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-rf-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Same verb, two readings.<\/strong> <em>Si aiutano = &#8220;they help themselves&#8221; or &#8220;they help each other&#8221;. Italian reflexive verbs with a plural subject are reciprocal by default; add l&#8217;un l&#8217;altro only when it could be misunderstood.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"past\">The past: essere and agreement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In compound tenses, all italian reflexive verbs take <em>essere<\/em>, and the past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number. This single rule applies to every one of the italian reflexive verbs above, and it is the one that trips up learners coming from English.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caterina si \u00e8 alzata tardi e si \u00e8 persa il treno.<br><em>Caterina got up late and missed the train. (feminine: alzata, persa)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I ragazzi si sono divertiti alla festa di Modena.<br><em>The boys had fun at the Modena party. (plural: divertiti)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ci siamo svegliate presto, io ed Elena.<br><em>We woke up early, Elena and I. (feminine plural: svegliate)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a twist with the apparent reflexive: when there is a direct object, the participle tends to agree with the subject anyway in everyday use (<em>Elena si \u00e8 truccata gli occhi<\/em>). For A2 the safe rule is simple: italian reflexive verbs use <em>essere<\/em>, and the participle matches the subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"position\">Where the pronoun goes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reflexive pronoun sits in front of a conjugated verb, but it can also attach to an infinitive. With modal verbs both positions are correct, and italian reflexive verbs let you choose freely; this flexibility is the same for all italian reflexive verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mi devo lavare i capelli. = Devo lavarmi i capelli.<br><em>I have to wash my hair. (both correct)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ti vuoi riposare un attimo? = Vuoi riposarti un attimo?<br><em>Do you want to rest a moment?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Sbrigati a vestirti, ci aspettano.<br><em>Hurry up and get dressed, they are waiting for us.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With a single conjugated verb the pronoun goes before it (<em>mi alzo<\/em>). With an infinitive it attaches to the end (<em>alzarmi<\/em>). With a modal plus infinitive, either spot works. These are the only position rules italian reflexive verbs ever ask of you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"imperative\">Telling someone: the imperative<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Half of everyday italian reflexive verbs show up as commands: <em>alzati!<\/em>, <em>sbrigati!<\/em>, <em>sedetevi!<\/em>. In the informal imperative the pronoun attaches to the end of the verb, exactly as it does on an infinitive, so these italian reflexive verbs need no new rule here.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sbrigati, il treno per Modena parte tra poco!<br><em>Hurry up, the train to Modena leaves soon!<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ragazzi, sedetevi, la lezione comincia.<br><em>Guys, sit down, the lesson is starting.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Riposati un attimo, sei stanca.<br><em>Rest a moment, you&#8217;re tired.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The negative informal command flips to the infinitive and the pronoun can sit either way: <em>non ti preoccupare<\/em> or <em>non preoccuparti<\/em>, both meaning &#8220;don&#8217;t worry&#8221;. With the polite <em>Lei<\/em> form the pronoun goes in front instead: <em>si accomodi<\/em> (do sit down). These few patterns cover the imperative for all italian reflexive verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common\">Common reflexive verbs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grouping italian reflexive verbs by what they do makes them easy to absorb. Below is a wide core of italian reflexive verbs, sorted into four families you meet every day.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Daily routine and body care:<\/strong> <em>svegliarsi<\/em> (to wake up), <em>alzarsi<\/em> (to get up), <em>rialzarsi<\/em> (to get up again), <em>lavarsi<\/em> (to wash), <em>asciugarsi<\/em> (to dry off), <em>pettinarsi<\/em> (to comb one&#8217;s hair), <em>spazzolarsi<\/em> (to brush), <em>truccarsi<\/em> (to put make-up on), <em>radersi<\/em> (to shave), <em>vestirsi<\/em> (to get dressed), <em>svestirsi<\/em> \/ <em>spogliarsi<\/em> (to undress), <em>cambiarsi<\/em> (to change clothes), <em>prepararsi<\/em> (to get ready), <em>addormentarsi<\/em> (to fall asleep), <em>riposarsi<\/em> (to rest), <em>rilassarsi<\/em> (to relax), <em>sdraiarsi<\/em> \/ <em>stendersi<\/em> (to lie down), <em>sedersi<\/em> (to sit down), <em>abbronzarsi<\/em> (to get a tan), <em>rinfrescarsi<\/em> (to freshen up)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Feelings and physical state:<\/strong> <em>divertirsi<\/em> (to have fun), <em>annoiarsi<\/em> (to get bored), <em>arrabbiarsi<\/em> (to get angry), <em>calmarsi<\/em> (to calm down), <em>innervosirsi<\/em> (to get nervous), <em>irritarsi<\/em> (to get irritated), <em>spazientirsi<\/em> (to lose patience), <em>preoccuparsi<\/em> (to worry), <em>sentirsi<\/em> (to feel), <em>stancarsi<\/em> (to get tired), <em>ammalarsi<\/em> (to fall ill), <em>spaventarsi<\/em> (to get scared), <em>commuoversi<\/em> (to be moved), <em>stupirsi<\/em> (to be amazed), <em>vergognarsi<\/em> (to be ashamed), <em>lamentarsi<\/em> (to complain), <em>innamorarsi<\/em> (to fall in love), <em>godersi<\/em> (to enjoy)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pronominal verbs<\/strong> (the pronoun is part of the verb, no real &#8220;oneself&#8221;): <em>accorgersi<\/em> (to notice), <em>rendersi conto<\/em> (to realize), <em>fidarsi<\/em> (to trust), <em>pentirsi<\/em> (to regret), <em>sbrigarsi<\/em> \/ <em>affrettarsi<\/em> (to hurry), <em>dimenticarsi<\/em> (to forget), <em>ricordarsi<\/em> (to remember), <em>fermarsi<\/em> (to stop), <em>scusarsi<\/em> (to apologize), <em>rifiutarsi<\/em> (to refuse), <em>decidersi<\/em> (to make up one&#8217;s mind), <em>abituarsi<\/em> (to get used to), <em>comportarsi<\/em> (to behave), <em>occuparsi<\/em> (to deal with), <em>interessarsi<\/em> (to take an interest), <em>rivolgersi<\/em> (to address), <em>trasferirsi<\/em> (to move house), <em>iscriversi<\/em> (to enrol), <em>laurearsi<\/em> (to graduate), <em>trovarsi<\/em> (to be located \/ to feel), <em>mettersi<\/em> (to put on \/ to start), <em>avvicinarsi<\/em> (to approach), <em>allontanarsi<\/em> (to move away)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reciprocal<\/strong> (plural, &#8220;each other&#8221;): <em>incontrarsi<\/em> (to meet), <em>conoscersi<\/em> (to know each other), <em>vedersi<\/em> \/ <em>rivedersi<\/em> (to see each other \/ again), <em>salutarsi<\/em> (to greet each other), <em>aiutarsi<\/em> (to help each other), <em>scriversi<\/em> (to write to each other), <em>scambiarsi<\/em> (to exchange), <em>frequentarsi<\/em> (to see each other regularly), <em>sposarsi<\/em> (to get married), <em>separarsi<\/em> \/ <em>lasciarsi<\/em> (to split up), <em>capirsi<\/em> (to understand each other), <em>volersi bene<\/em> (to care for each other)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now see these italian reflexive verbs working in the tenses and structures you study at A2: the present, the passato prossimo with <em>essere<\/em> and agreement, the reflexive with a modal verb, and the informal imperative. Every example below is a real A2 pattern, not a list of bare infinitives.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La mattina mi sveglio alle sette e mi alzo subito.<br><em>In the morning I wake up at seven and get up right away. (present)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina si prepara in fretta perch\u00e9 \u00e8 in ritardo.<br><em>Caterina gets ready quickly because she is late. (present)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ieri Elena si \u00e8 svegliata tardi e si \u00e8 dimenticata l&#8217;appuntamento.<br><em>Yesterday Elena woke up late and forgot the appointment. (passato prossimo, essere + feminine agreement)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I ragazzi si sono divertiti molto alla gita di Modena.<br><em>The boys had a lot of fun on the Modena trip. (passato prossimo, plural agreement)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Domani mi posso svegliare tardi. = Domani posso svegliarmi tardi.<br><em>Tomorrow I can wake up late. (modal + reflexive, pronoun before or on the infinitive)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Devo sbrigarmi, il treno per Lucca parte tra poco.<br><em>I have to hurry, the train to Lucca leaves soon. (modal + reflexive)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Sbrigati e vestiti, usciamo tra cinque minuti!<br><em>Hurry up and get dressed, we&#8217;re leaving in five minutes! (informal imperative)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Lorenzo e Elena si conoscono da anni e si vedono ogni domenica.<br><em>Lorenzo and Elena have known each other for years and see each other every Sunday. (reciprocal, present)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mia sorella si \u00e8 sposata molto giovane, a Padova.<br><em>My sister got married very young, in Padua. (reciprocal\/pronominal, passato prossimo)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non ti preoccupare, ci siamo gi\u00e0 messi d&#8217;accordo.<br><em>Don&#8217;t worry, we have already agreed. (negative imperative + reciprocal past)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Learn these families and you can narrate a whole day, in the present and in the past, with or without a modal. Most other italian reflexive verbs follow the exact same pattern, so the list keeps growing on its own once the system is clear, and your active set of italian reflexive verbs expands far beyond this page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using <em>avere<\/em> in the past: it is <em>mi sono lavato<\/em>, never <em>ho lavato<\/em> for &#8220;I washed (myself)&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Forgetting agreement: <em>Caterina si \u00e8 alzato<\/em> should be <em>si \u00e8 alzata<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Adding a possessive with body parts: not <em>mi lavo le mie mani<\/em>, just <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Dropping the pronoun on the infinitive: it is <em>voglio riposarmi<\/em>, not <em>voglio riposare<\/em> for &#8220;I want to rest&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Translating &#8220;each other&#8221; with extra words when the plural reflexive already does it: <em>si scrivono<\/em> means &#8220;they write to each other&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Reading <em>si alza<\/em> as &#8220;lifts himself&#8221;: many italian reflexive verbs are lexical, not literal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: at the Lucca beauty salon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elena gets ready at Caterina&#8217;s beauty salon in Lucca before a wedding. Listen for how many verbs carry a reflexive pronoun.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-rf\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Ciao Caterina, mi sono svegliata tardi e mi sono dimenticata l&#8217;orario. Scusa il ritardo.<br><em>Hi Caterina, I woke up late and forgot the time. Sorry I&#8217;m late.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Non ti preoccupare. Accomodati, ci prepariamo con calma. Ti trucchi tu o ci penso io?<br><em>Don&#8217;t worry. Sit down, we&#8217;ll get ready calmly. Will you do your make-up or shall I?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Truccami tu, mi fido. Per\u00f2 mi metto io il vestito, \u00e8 delicato.<br><em>You do my make-up, I trust you. But I&#8217;ll put the dress on myself, it&#8217;s delicate.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Perfetto. Intanto rilassati. Tua sorella si prepara a casa o viene qui?<br><em>Perfect. Meanwhile relax. Is your sister getting ready at home or coming here?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Si prepara a casa, poi ci vediamo in chiesa. Ci siamo messe d&#8217;accordo ieri.<br><em>She&#8217;s getting ready at home, then we&#8217;ll meet at the church. We agreed yesterday.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Bene. Allora sbrigati a sederti, ci mettiamo al lavoro. Tra un&#8217;ora sei pronta.<br><em>Good. Then hurry and sit down, let&#8217;s get to work. You&#8217;ll be ready in an hour.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Grazie. Mi raccomando, non mi pettinare troppo, voglio un effetto naturale.<br><em>Thanks. Please don&#8217;t comb my hair too much, I want a natural look.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffc\u200d\u2640\ufe0f <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Tranquilla, ci conosciamo da anni. So come ti piace.<br><em>Don&#8217;t worry, we&#8217;ve known each other for years. I know how you like it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count them: <em>mi sono svegliata, mi sono dimenticata, ti preoccupare, accomodati, ci prepariamo, ti trucchi, mi metto, rilassati, si prepara, ci vediamo, ci siamo messe, sbrigati, sederti, ci mettiamo, mi pettinare, ci conosciamo<\/em>. A short salon visit is built almost entirely on italian reflexive verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: the reflexive system<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table for the whole system of italian reflexive verbs. Keep it open while you do the quiz.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-cheat-rf\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Point<\/th><th>Rule<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Pronouns<\/strong><\/td><td>mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si<\/td><td>mi alzo, si lava<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Dictionary form<\/strong><\/td><td>infinitive + -si<\/td><td>lavarsi, alzarsi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>True reflexive<\/strong><\/td><td>action on oneself<\/td><td>si critica (= critica s\u00e9)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lexical<\/strong><\/td><td>pronoun, no &#8220;oneself&#8221;<\/td><td>si alza (not alza s\u00e9)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Apparent<\/strong><\/td><td>+ body part \/ clothing<\/td><td>mi lavo le mani<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Reciprocal<\/strong><\/td><td>plural = each other<\/td><td>ci vediamo, si scrivono<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Past tense<\/strong><\/td><td>essere + agreement<\/td><td>si \u00e8 alzata, si sono divertiti<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pronoun position<\/strong><\/td><td>before verb or on infinitive<\/td><td>mi devo lavare = devo lavarmi<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenge\">Mini-challenge<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-rf\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Conjugate the reflexive verb in the tense given, then read each sentence aloud once.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ogni mattina io (svegliarsi &#8211; presente) _____ alle sette.<\/li>\n<li>Ieri Caterina (alzarsi &#8211; passato prossimo) _____ tardi.<\/li>\n<li>Tu e Elena (divertirsi &#8211; presente) _____ sempre a Lucca.<\/li>\n<li>Domani (noi, prepararsi &#8211; presente) _____ con calma.<\/li>\n<li>Pietro e Lorenzo (conoscersi &#8211; presente) _____ da anni.<\/li>\n<li>Devo (lavarsi &#8211; infinito) _____ i capelli prima di uscire.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. <strong>mi sveglio<\/strong> \u00b7 2. <strong>si \u00e8 alzata<\/strong> (essere + fem.) \u00b7 3. <strong>vi divertite<\/strong> \u00b7 4. <strong>ci prepariamo<\/strong> \u00b7 5. <strong>si conoscono<\/strong> (reciprocal) \u00b7 6. <strong>lavarmi<\/strong> (or: mi devo lavare)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below drills italian reflexive verbs: pronouns, the past with essere, reciprocals and pronoun position. Take it after the cheat sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-rf\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_140\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. 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             <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"246\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Reflexive verbs in use<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"247\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Spot the correct reflexive sentence<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Let&#8217;s strengthen the foundations on this topic.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>10-Lesson Package<\/strong> gives you ten focused 55-minute sessions with a native teacher, at your own pace.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">10-Lesson Package<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"10-Lesson Package\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/our-courses\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Get the 10-Lesson Package &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Solid base. Let&#8217;s build on it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>weekly 1:1 lesson<\/strong> gives you the rhythm and the personalised feedback to turn what you know into what you say automatically.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Weekly 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Weekly 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/our-courses\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Book a Weekly 1:1 lesson &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Great work. You&#8217;re ready for the group.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> In the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> you&#8217;ll move from solid grammar to live conversation.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/our-courses\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! You nailed it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> Step into the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> to turn accurate Italian into fluent Italian.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/our-courses\/\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Reflexive verbs in context<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> Annalisa lavora in una libreria a La Spezia. Suo fratello Saverio \u00e8 fotografo e ama le escursioni alle Cinque Terre. La zia Roberta gestisce una piccola torrefazione del caff\u00e8 vicino al porto. Marcello \u00e8 un collega di Annalisa.<\/p>\n<p><em>Setting (EN). Annalisa works in a bookshop in La Spezia. Her brother Saverio is a photographer who loves hiking the Cinque Terre. Their aunt Roberta runs a small coffee roaster&#8217;s near the harbour. Marcello is Annalisa&#8217;s colleague.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#888;\">If your keyboard does not have Italian accents, type an apostrophe instead. For example, type <code>e'<\/code> for <code>\u00e8<\/code>, and <code>perche'<\/code> for <code>perch\u00e9<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6716\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Annalisa apre la libreria alle otto, quindi la mattina (lo alza, ci alza, si alza) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si alza)<\/span><\/span> presto.<br><br><em>Annalisa opens the bookshop at eight, so she gets up early in the morning.<\/em><\/li><li>Annalisa e Saverio sono fratelli e (si vedono, li vedono, le vedono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si vedono)<\/span><\/span> ogni domenica al porto di La Spezia.<br><br><em>Annalisa and Saverio are siblings and they see each other every Sunday at La Spezia harbour.<\/em><\/li><li>Saverio chiede al cugino: \"Tu e Marcello (vi divertite, si divertite, ci divertite) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(vi divertite)<\/span><\/span> sempre alle vostre escursioni?\"<br><br><em>Saverio asks his cousin: \"Do you and Marcello always enjoy yourselves on your hikes?\"<\/em><\/li><li>Stamattina Annalisa (ha alzato, si \u00e8 alzata, si \u00e8 alzato) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si \u00e8 alzata, si e' alzata)<\/span><\/span> tardi e ha aperto la libreria con dieci minuti di ritardo.<br><br><em>This morning Annalisa got up late and opened the bookshop ten minutes behind schedule.<\/em><\/li><li>Saverio e Marcello (si \u00e8 divertiti, hanno divertito, si sono divertiti) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"17\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si sono divertiti)<\/span><\/span> molto durante l'escursione a Vernazza.<br><br><em>Saverio and Marcello had a lot of fun during the hike to Vernazza.<\/em><\/li><li>Annalisa e Roberta (si sono incontrati, si sono incontrate, hanno incontrato) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"18\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si sono incontrate)<\/span><\/span> davanti alla torrefazione e sono andate al mercato insieme.<br><br><em>Annalisa and Roberta met in front of the coffee roaster's and went to the market together.<\/em><\/li><li>Prima di servire il caff\u00e8, Roberta (si lava le sue mani, si lava le mani, lava le sue mani) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si lava le mani)<\/span><\/span> e mette il grembiule pulito.<br><br><em>Before serving coffee, Roberta washes her hands and puts on the clean apron.<\/em><\/li><li>Fa freddo sul sentiero, quindi Saverio (si mette la sua giacca, mette la sua giacca, si mette la giacca) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"18\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si mette la giacca)<\/span><\/span> e parte verso Manarola.<br><br><em>It's cold on the trail, so Saverio puts on his jacket and sets off towards Manarola.<\/em><\/li><li>La domenica mattina Annalisa (si lava i suoi capelli, lava i suoi capelli, si lava i capelli) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"17\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si lava i capelli)<\/span><\/span> e poi va a fare colazione con Saverio.<br><br><em>On Sunday morning Annalisa washes her hair and then goes for breakfast with Saverio.<\/em><\/li><li>Annalisa \u00e8 stanca e dice a Roberta: \"Devo (riposare, riposarmi, mi riposare) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(riposarmi)<\/span><\/span> un attimo prima di tornare in libreria.\"<br><br><em>Annalisa is tired and tells Roberta: \"I have to rest a moment before going back to the bookshop.\"<\/em><\/li><li>Saverio guarda l'orologio e dice a Marcello: \"(Sbrigati, Ti sbriga, Si sbriga) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Sbrigati)<\/span><\/span>, il treno per Levanto parte tra cinque minuti!\"<br><br><em>Saverio looks at his watch and tells Marcello: \"Hurry up, the train to Levanto leaves in five minutes!\"<\/em><\/li><li>Roberta vede Annalisa nervosa e le dice: \"Non (ti preoccupare, preoccupi, si preoccupa) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"14\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ti preoccupare)<\/span><\/span>, in dieci minuti finiamo tutto.\"<br><br><em>Roberta sees Annalisa is nervous and tells her: \"Don't worry, we'll finish everything in ten minutes.\"<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 out of 12. You handle reflexives across present, past, body parts, and pronoun position.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Quick recap of italian reflexive verbs.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 8px 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>Present.<\/strong> Same six pronouns for every reflexive: <em>mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Past.<\/strong> Always <em>essere<\/em>, and the participle agrees with the subject: <em>si \u00e8 alzata, si sono divertiti<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Body parts and clothing.<\/strong> Article, not possessive: <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em> (not <em>le mie mani<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Position.<\/strong> Before the conjugated verb (<em>mi alzo<\/em>), attached to the infinitive (<em>alzarmi<\/em>), free choice with a modal (<em>mi devo lavare = devo lavarmi<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Imperative.<\/strong> Pronoun attaches: <em>alzati, sbrigati, sedetevi<\/em>. Negative informal: <em>non ti preoccupare = non preoccuparti<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary:<\/strong> sbrigarsi = to hurry &middot; truccarsi = to put make-up on &middot; pettinarsi = to comb one&#8217;s hair &middot; riposarsi = to rest &middot; preoccuparsi = to worry.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Six pronouns:<\/strong> io <em>mi<\/em>, tu <em>ti<\/em>, lui\/lei <em>si<\/em>, noi <em>ci<\/em>, voi <em>vi<\/em>, loro <em>si<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Past tense:<\/strong> <em>essere<\/em> + participle agreeing with the subject in gender and number.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence<\/h3>\n<p>In each group below, only one sentence handles the reflexive correctly. The other two repeat the typical mistakes English speakers make with italian reflexive verbs.<\/p>\n<p><em>In ciascun gruppo qui sotto, solo una frase usa correttamente il verbo riflessivo. Le altre due ripetono gli errori tipici degli studenti anglofoni.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6717\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Stamattina Annalisa ha lavato i capelli e poi \u00e8 andata in libreria.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Stamattina Annalisa si \u00e8 lavata i capelli e poi \u00e8 andata in libreria.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Stamattina Annalisa ha si lavata i capelli e poi \u00e8 andata in libreria.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Roberta si \u00e8 svegliato alle cinque per aprire la torrefazione.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Roberta \u00e8 svegliata alle cinque per aprire la torrefazione.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Roberta si \u00e8 svegliata alle cinque per aprire la torrefazione.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Prima di pranzo Saverio si lava le mani in cucina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Prima di pranzo Saverio si lava le sue mani in cucina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Prima di pranzo Saverio lava le sue mani in cucina.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Marcello \u00e8 stanco e vuole riposarsi un'ora prima di cena.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Marcello \u00e8 stanco e vuole riposare un'ora prima di cena.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Marcello \u00e8 stanco e vuole si riposare un'ora prima di cena.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Annalisa e Saverio si scrivono l'un l'altro ogni settimana quando lui \u00e8 a Levanto.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Annalisa e Saverio si scrivono ogni settimana quando lui \u00e8 a Levanto.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Annalisa e Saverio scrivono ogni settimana quando lui \u00e8 a Levanto.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Saverio, ti sbriga a uscire, il traghetto per Portovenere parte adesso!                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Saverio, si sbriga a uscire, il traghetto per Portovenere parte adesso!                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_140_6717\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Saverio, sbrigati a uscire, il traghetto per Portovenere parte adesso!                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 out of 6. You spotted every native-vs-learner trap.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Six mistakes English speakers make with italian reflexive verbs.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 8px 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>Auxiliary.<\/strong> Always <em>essere<\/em>, never <em>avere<\/em>: <em>mi sono lavato<\/em>, not <em>ho lavato<\/em> (for &#8220;I washed myself&#8221;).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agreement.<\/strong> The participle matches the subject: <em>Caterina si \u00e8 alzata<\/em>, not <em>si \u00e8 alzato<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Body parts.<\/strong> Article, not possessive: <em>mi lavo le mani<\/em>, never <em>mi lavo le mie mani<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Infinitive after a modal.<\/strong> Keep the pronoun: <em>voglio riposarmi<\/em> or <em>mi voglio riposare<\/em>, never <em>voglio riposare<\/em> (for &#8220;I want to rest&#8221;).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reciprocal.<\/strong> Plural reflexive already means &#8220;each other&#8221;: <em>si scrivono<\/em> means &#8220;they write to each other&#8221;; add <em>l&#8217;un l&#8217;altro<\/em> only when ambiguity demands it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Imperative.<\/strong> Informal command attaches the pronoun: <em>sbrigati!<\/em>, not <em>ti sbriga<\/em> or <em>si sbriga<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Two checks before you choose. First, is the auxiliary <em>essere<\/em> and does the participle match the subject? Second, is the pronoun where it belongs: before a conjugated verb, attached to an infinitive or an informal command?<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_140',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 140,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"246\":12,\"247\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6716\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6716,\"catId\":246,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"si alza\"],[\"si vedono\"],[\"vi divertite\"],[\"si \\u00e8 alzata\",\"si e' alzata\"],[\"si sono divertiti\"],[\"si sono incontrate\"],[\"si lava le mani\"],[\"si mette la giacca\"],[\"si lava i capelli\"],[\"riposarmi\"],[\"sbrigati\"],[\"ti preoccupare\"]]},\"6717\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6717,\"catId\":247,\"points\":[0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1],\"correct\":[0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seven questions about italian reflexive verbs come up in every A2 class. The answers below draw on classroom usage and on the Crusca note <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/verbi-riflessivi-e-reciproci\/150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Verbi riflessivi e reciproci<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-rf-q1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I recognize a reflexive verb in Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>By the -si ending in the dictionary: lavarsi, alzarsi, vestirsi, svegliarsi. That -si is the reflexive pronoun attached to the infinitive. When you use the verb, you drop -si, conjugate normally, and put the matching pronoun in front: mi lavo, ti lavi, si lava, ci laviamo, vi lavate, si lavano. The pronoun changes with the person, not with the verb ending.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-rf-q2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the reflexive pronouns?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>There are six: mi (io), ti (tu), si (lui\/lei), ci (noi), vi (voi), si (loro). They are the same for every reflexive verb in every tense. Note that si covers both the third person singular and the third person plural. Learn this small set once and it works across the whole system.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-rf-q3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Which auxiliary do reflexive verbs use in the past?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Always essere, never avere. Mi sono lavato, ti sei alzato, si e divertita, ci siamo preparati. Because the auxiliary is essere, the past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number: Caterina si e alzata, i ragazzi si sono divertiti. Using avere here (ho lavato for I washed myself) is the most common English-speaker mistake.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-rf-q4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between a true reflexive and a lexical one?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A true reflexive really turns the action back on the subject: si critica means he criticizes himself, and you could say critica se stesso. A lexical reflexive just carries the pronoun with no oneself meaning: si alza means he gets up, and you cannot say alza se stesso. The grammar is identical for both; the distinction only explains why mi alzo does not literally mean I lift myself.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-rf-q5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does Italian say mi lavo le mani and not lavo le mie mani?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>This is the apparent reflexive. With body parts and clothing, Italian uses the reflexive pronoun plus the definite article instead of a possessive. Mi lavo le mani (I wash my hands), mi metto la giacca (I put my jacket on), Elena si trucca gli occhi. The pronoun already tells you whose hands or jacket it is, so the possessive is unnecessary and sounds wrong.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-rf-q6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I say each other in Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Use the plural reflexive: ci vediamo (we see each other), si scrivono (they write to each other), ci conosciamo (we know each other). With a plural subject the reflexive is reciprocal by default. If a sentence could be ambiguous between themselves and each other, add l&#8217;un l&#8217;altro: si aiutano l&#8217;un l&#8217;altro, they help each other.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-rf-q7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Where does the reflexive pronoun go with modal verbs?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Either before the modal or attached to the infinitive, both correct: mi devo lavare = devo lavarmi, ti vuoi riposare = vuoi riposarti. With a single conjugated verb the pronoun goes in front (mi alzo). With a bare infinitive it attaches to the end (alzarmi). With an imperative it also attaches: sbrigati, alzati.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that sit next to italian reflexive verbs, plus the institutional reference.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-inalienable-possession\/\">Italian Inalienable Possession<\/a>: why it is mi lavo le mani, not le mie mani.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-ethical-reflexive\/\">Italian Ethical Reflexive<\/a>: the extra si of pleasure, mi leggo un libro.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-ci-si-double-si\/\">Italian Ci Si: The Double Si Rule<\/a>: when a reflexive verb goes impersonal.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/verbi-riflessivi-e-reciproci\/150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Verbi riflessivi e reciproci<\/a>: institutional note.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject acts on itself, and they always carry a small pronoun: mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si. Mi lavo means &#8220;I wash myself&#8221;, si alza &#8220;she gets up&#8221;, ci vediamo &#8220;we see each other&#8221;. You spot them by the -si ending in the dictionary (lavarsi, &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Reflexive Verbs: Mi Lavo, Si Alza, Ci Vediamo\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-reflexive-verbs-2\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Reflexive Verbs: Mi Lavo, Si Alza, Ci Vediamo\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1864],"tags":[1490,219],"class_list":["post-16836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a2","tag-italian-reflexive-verbs","tag-verbi-riflessivi","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16836"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60207,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16836\/revisions\/60207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}