{"id":16058,"date":"2016-02-07T22:05:45","date_gmt":"2016-02-07T13:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=16058"},"modified":"2026-05-18T01:05:45","modified_gmt":"2026-05-17T16:05:45","slug":"italian-irregular-present-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-irregular-present-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Irregular Present Tense: Vado, Faccio, Vengo, Voglio (A2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <strong>Italian irregular present tense<\/strong> verbs are about twenty high-frequency forms that break the regular -are\/-ere\/-ire endings. The biggest groups are: monosyllabic first-person verbs (<em>vado, do, sto, fo\u2192faccio, so<\/em>), -go insertion verbs (<em>vengo, tengo, salgo, scelgo, rimango, spengo<\/em>), modal verbs (<em>voglio, posso, devo<\/em>), -urre verbs (<em>traduco, produco, conduco<\/em>), plus <em>essere<\/em>, <em>avere<\/em>, <em>dire<\/em>, <em>bere<\/em>, <em>uscire<\/em>. This guide covers all the major patterns, when they apply, and the traps that trip A2 learners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian irregular present tense looks intimidating but compresses into roughly six patterns. Once you internalise the patterns, the verbs that fall into each one come naturally, and you stop memorising separate paradigms one by one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-irreg\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-irreg gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">Why some verbs are irregular<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#essere-avere\">Essere and avere: the basics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#monosyllabic\">Monosyllabic 1sg group: andare, fare, stare, dare, sapere<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#go-insertion\">The -go insertion group: venire, tenere, salire, rimanere<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#modal\">Modal verbs: volere, potere, dovere<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dire-bere\">Dire and bere: long Latin stem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#urre\">Verbs in -urre: tradurre, produrre, condurre<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#uscire\">Uscire and riuscire: e- root change<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian irregular present tense<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: planning a Saturday in Lucca<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#strategy\">Strategy: how to learn irregular verbs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">Why some verbs are irregular<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian irregular present tense exists because Italian inherited verb forms from Latin without flattening them into the modern -are\/-ere\/-ire patterns. Verbs that were already irregular two thousand years ago kept their irregularities; the most frequent ones in daily speech are the ones that resisted normalisation the most.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The good news is that almost all the irregular verbs you need to know are the high-frequency ones: <em>essere, avere, andare, fare, stare, dare, sapere, venire, tenere, dire, bere, uscire, volere, potere, dovere, rimanere, salire, scegliere, spegnere<\/em>, plus the -urre family. Twenty verbs cover 90% of the irregular forms you will use. The rest can wait until B1+.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Across all these verbs, the noi and voi forms tend to stay regular (or nearly so). Most of the irregularity concentrates on io, tu, lui\/lei, and loro. This is a useful anchor when you forget a form: noi and voi rarely surprise you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"essere-avere\">Essere and avere: the basics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Essere and avere are irregular in every tense and every mood of the italian irregular present tense. You learn them at A1 and use them at C2. They power the perfect tenses (<em>ho mangiato<\/em>, <em>sono andato<\/em>), the passive, the impersonal, the existential <em>c&#8217;\u00e8<\/em>. Drill them until they come out without thinking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>essere<\/th><th>avere<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>io<\/td><td>sono<\/td><td>ho<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tu<\/td><td>sei<\/td><td>hai<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>\u00e8<\/td><td>ha<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>noi<\/td><td>siamo<\/td><td>abbiamo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>voi<\/td><td>siete<\/td><td>avete<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>loro<\/td><td>sono<\/td><td>hanno<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro \u00e8 il libraio di Lucca pi\u00f9 conosciuto del centro storico.<br><em>Pietro is the most well-known bookseller in the Lucca historic centre.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha una piccola sartoria in via Fillungo da quindici anni.<br><em>Caterina has had a small tailor shop in via Fillungo for fifteen years.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Loro sono di Padova ma vivono a Modena per lavoro.<br><em>They are from Padova but live in Modena for work.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The silent <em>h<\/em> in <em>ho, hai, ha, hanno<\/em> is a spelling convention that distinguishes the verb from the homophones <em>o<\/em> (or), <em>ai<\/em> (to the), <em>a<\/em> (to), <em>anno<\/em> (year). Native speakers do not pronounce it; learners must write it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"monosyllabic\">Monosyllabic 1sg group: andare, fare, stare, dare, sapere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Five verbs of the italian irregular present tense have a very short first-person singular: <em>vado, faccio, sto, do, so<\/em>. The forms come straight from Vulgar Latin; the noi and voi stay regular, the third-person plural ends in <em>-nno<\/em> attached to the singular root.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>andare<\/th><th>fare<\/th><th>stare<\/th><th>dare<\/th><th>sapere<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>io<\/td><td>vado<\/td><td>faccio<\/td><td>sto<\/td><td>do<\/td><td>so<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tu<\/td><td>vai<\/td><td>fai<\/td><td>stai<\/td><td>dai<\/td><td>sai<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>va<\/td><td>fa<\/td><td>sta<\/td><td>d\u00e0<\/td><td>sa<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>noi<\/td><td>andiamo<\/td><td>facciamo<\/td><td>stiamo<\/td><td>diamo<\/td><td>sappiamo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>voi<\/td><td>andate<\/td><td>fate<\/td><td>state<\/td><td>date<\/td><td>sapete<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>loro<\/td><td>vanno<\/td><td>fanno<\/td><td>stanno<\/td><td>danno<\/td><td>sanno<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Domani vado al mercato di Lucca alle nove di mattina.<br><em>Tomorrow I&#8217;m going to the Lucca market at nine in the morning.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro fa il libraio da quasi vent&#8217;anni, conosce tutti i clienti per nome.<br><em>Pietro has been a bookseller for almost twenty years, he knows every customer by name.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina sta finendo il vestito di una sposa di Modena entro venerd\u00ec.<br><em>Caterina is finishing a wedding dress for a Modena bride by Friday.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-da\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Accent on d\u00e0.<\/strong> The 3sg form of <em>dare<\/em> takes a grave accent (<em>d\u00e0<\/em>) to distinguish it from the preposition <em>da<\/em>. The 1sg <em>do<\/em> takes no accent in modern Italian (the old form <em>d\u00f2<\/em> is still found but the Crusca recommends <em>do<\/em> without accent). Same logic: <em>sa<\/em> 3sg of sapere vs <em>s\u00e0<\/em> archaic.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"go-insertion\">The -go insertion group: venire, tenere, salire, rimanere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six verbs insert a <em>g<\/em> between the root and the ending in 1sg and 3pl. The middle forms (tu, lui\/lei, noi, voi) stay close to the regular pattern. This is the signature of an old Latin alternation that survived only in these high-frequency verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>venire<\/th><th>tenere<\/th><th>salire<\/th><th>rimanere<\/th><th>scegliere<\/th><th>spegnere<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>io<\/td><td>vengo<\/td><td>tengo<\/td><td>salgo<\/td><td>rimango<\/td><td>scelgo<\/td><td>spengo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tu<\/td><td>vieni<\/td><td>tieni<\/td><td>sali<\/td><td>rimani<\/td><td>scegli<\/td><td>spegni<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>viene<\/td><td>tiene<\/td><td>sale<\/td><td>rimane<\/td><td>sceglie<\/td><td>spegne<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>noi<\/td><td>veniamo<\/td><td>teniamo<\/td><td>saliamo<\/td><td>rimaniamo<\/td><td>scegliamo<\/td><td>spegniamo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>voi<\/td><td>venite<\/td><td>tenete<\/td><td>salite<\/td><td>rimanete<\/td><td>scegliete<\/td><td>spegnete<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>loro<\/td><td>vengono<\/td><td>tengono<\/td><td>salgono<\/td><td>rimangono<\/td><td>scelgono<\/td><td>spengono<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vengo a Lucca in treno domani mattina presto, ti raggiungo in libreria entro le dieci.<br><em>I&#8217;m coming to Lucca by train tomorrow morning, I&#8217;ll meet you at the bookshop by ten.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro tiene tutti i romanzi di Pennacchi sullo scaffale dietro la cassa, per evitare furti.<br><em>Pietro keeps all the Pennacchi novels on the shelf behind the till, to avoid theft.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>I miei nonni rimangono a Lucca tutto agosto, fa troppo caldo per viaggiare.<br><em>My grandparents stay in Lucca all August, it is too hot to travel.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"modal\">Modal verbs: volere, potere, dovere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The three Italian modal verbs (<em>volere<\/em> = want, <em>potere<\/em> = can\/be able to, <em>dovere<\/em> = must\/have to) are irregular in this set and central to every B1 conversation. They are almost always followed by another verb in the infinitive: <em>voglio andare, posso uscire, devo studiare<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>volere<\/th><th>potere<\/th><th>dovere<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>io<\/td><td>voglio<\/td><td>posso<\/td><td>devo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tu<\/td><td>vuoi<\/td><td>puoi<\/td><td>devi<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>vuole<\/td><td>pu\u00f2<\/td><td>deve<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>noi<\/td><td>vogliamo<\/td><td>possiamo<\/td><td>dobbiamo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>voi<\/td><td>volete<\/td><td>potete<\/td><td>dovete<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>loro<\/td><td>vogliono<\/td><td>possono<\/td><td>devono<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vogliamo invitare Matteo a cena sabato sera, conosci un buon ristorante in centro?<br><em>We want to invite Matteo to dinner on Saturday evening, do you know a good restaurant downtown?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina non pu\u00f2 consegnare il vestito prima di venerd\u00ec, ha ancora i bottoni da cucire.<br><em>Caterina can&#8217;t deliver the dress before Friday, she still has the buttons to sew on.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Devo finire la traduzione entro stasera, l&#8217;editore aspetta da una settimana.<br><em>I have to finish the translation by tonight, the publisher has been waiting for a week.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Old spoken forms: <em>debbono<\/em> instead of <em>devono<\/em> (still accepted, slightly bureaucratic); <em>denno<\/em> archaic; <em>vo<\/em> instead of <em>voglio<\/em> only in poetry. Modern Italian sticks to the forms in the table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dire-bere\">Dire and bere: long Latin stem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two verbs hide their longer Latin stem behind a shortened infinitive: <em>dire<\/em> goes back to Latin <em>dicere<\/em> (stem dic-) and <em>bere<\/em> to <em>bevere<\/em> (stem bev-). The modern infinitive looks regular -ere, but the conjugation pulls out the longer stem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>dire<\/th><th>bere<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>io<\/td><td>dico<\/td><td>bevo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tu<\/td><td>dici<\/td><td>bevi<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>dice<\/td><td>beve<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>noi<\/td><td>diciamo<\/td><td>beviamo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>voi<\/td><td>dite<\/td><td>bevete<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>loro<\/td><td>dicono<\/td><td>bevono<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caterina dice sempre che il sabato \u00e8 la giornata pi\u00f9 caotica della settimana in sartoria.<br><em>Caterina always says Saturday is the most chaotic day of the week at the tailor shop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Bevo tre caff\u00e8 al giorno, soprattutto in libreria al pomeriggio.<br><em>I drink three coffees a day, especially at the bookshop in the afternoon.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro e Caterina dicono che il prossimo mese vanno in Argentina per visitare i parenti.<br><em>Pietro and Caterina say next month they are going to Argentina to visit relatives.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note: the voi form of dire is <em>dite<\/em> (short), but the noi is <em>diciamo<\/em> (long stem). For bere both noi and voi keep the long stem (beviamo, bevete). The same logic applies to the imperfetto (dicevo, bevevo), the gerundio (dicendo, bevendo), and the past participle (detto, bevuto).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"urre\">Verbs in -urre: tradurre, produrre, condurre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verbs ending in <em>-urre<\/em> hide a long Latin stem <em>-uce-<\/em>. The infinitive looks short and unusual, but the conjugation pulls out the full stem: <em>traduco, traduci, traduce, traduciamo, traducete, traducono<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>tradurre<\/th><th>produrre<\/th><th>condurre<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>io<\/td><td>traduco<\/td><td>produco<\/td><td>conduco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tu<\/td><td>traduci<\/td><td>produci<\/td><td>conduci<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>traduce<\/td><td>produce<\/td><td>conduce<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>noi<\/td><td>traduciamo<\/td><td>produciamo<\/td><td>conduciamo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>voi<\/td><td>traducete<\/td><td>producete<\/td><td>conducete<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>loro<\/td><td>traducono<\/td><td>producono<\/td><td>conducono<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elena traduce romanzi dall&#8217;inglese all&#8217;italiano per una casa editrice di Padova.<br><em>Elena translates novels from English to Italian for a Padova publisher.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>In quella fabbrica di Modena producono parti per automobili da quarant&#8217;anni.<br><em>In that Modena factory they have produced car parts for forty years.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same long-stem logic applies to <em>-orre<\/em> verbs (<em>porre<\/em> \u2192 pongo, pongono) and <em>-arre<\/em> verbs (<em>trarre<\/em> \u2192 traggo, traggono), though these are rarer in everyday usage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"uscire\">Uscire and riuscire: e- root change<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two verbs change root vowel: <em>uscire<\/em> (go out) becomes <em>esco<\/em>, and its derivative <em>riuscire<\/em> (succeed, manage to) becomes <em>riesco<\/em>. The change happens in 1sg, 2sg, 3sg, 3pl; the noi and voi keep the regular root.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Person<\/th><th>uscire<\/th><th>riuscire<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>io<\/td><td>esco<\/td><td>riesco<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tu<\/td><td>esci<\/td><td>riesci<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>lui\/lei<\/td><td>esce<\/td><td>riesce<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>noi<\/td><td>usciamo<\/td><td>riusciamo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>voi<\/td><td>uscite<\/td><td>riuscite<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>loro<\/td><td>escono<\/td><td>riescono<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Esco di casa alle otto, prendo il treno alle otto e venti, arrivo a Lucca alle nove.<br><em>I leave home at eight, I take the train at eight twenty, I arrive in Lucca at nine.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non riesco a capire perch\u00e9 il romanzo di Pennacchi non sia ancora arrivato in libreria.<br><em>I can&#8217;t understand why the Pennacchi novel hasn&#8217;t arrived at the bookshop yet.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Conjugate the italian irregular present tense verb.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Io ___ (andare) al mercato ogni sabato.<\/li>\n<li>Tu ___ (fare) colazione al bar?<\/li>\n<li>Loro ___ (venire) a Lucca per il weekend.<\/li>\n<li>Noi ___ (dovere) finire il lavoro entro venerd\u00ec.<\/li>\n<li>Elena ___ (tradurre) un romanzo francese.<\/li>\n<li>Lei ___ (uscire) sempre alle otto di mattina.<\/li>\n<li>Voi ___ (dire) sempre la verit\u00e0.<\/li>\n<li>Pietro ___ (volere) aprire un secondo negozio.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. vado \u00b7 2. fai \u00b7 3. vengono \u00b7 4. dobbiamo \u00b7 5. traduce \u00b7 6. esce \u00b7 7. dite \u00b7 8. vuole<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian irregular present tense<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table with all the most common irregular present-tense verbs in a single view. Keep it open while you draft a sentence in Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Verb<\/th><th>io<\/th><th>tu<\/th><th>lui\/lei<\/th><th>noi<\/th><th>voi<\/th><th>loro<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>essere<\/td><td>sono<\/td><td>sei<\/td><td>\u00e8<\/td><td>siamo<\/td><td>siete<\/td><td>sono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>avere<\/td><td>ho<\/td><td>hai<\/td><td>ha<\/td><td>abbiamo<\/td><td>avete<\/td><td>hanno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>andare<\/td><td>vado<\/td><td>vai<\/td><td>va<\/td><td>andiamo<\/td><td>andate<\/td><td>vanno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>fare<\/td><td>faccio<\/td><td>fai<\/td><td>fa<\/td><td>facciamo<\/td><td>fate<\/td><td>fanno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>stare<\/td><td>sto<\/td><td>stai<\/td><td>sta<\/td><td>stiamo<\/td><td>state<\/td><td>stanno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>dare<\/td><td>do<\/td><td>dai<\/td><td>d\u00e0<\/td><td>diamo<\/td><td>date<\/td><td>danno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>sapere<\/td><td>so<\/td><td>sai<\/td><td>sa<\/td><td>sappiamo<\/td><td>sapete<\/td><td>sanno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>venire<\/td><td>vengo<\/td><td>vieni<\/td><td>viene<\/td><td>veniamo<\/td><td>venite<\/td><td>vengono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tenere<\/td><td>tengo<\/td><td>tieni<\/td><td>tiene<\/td><td>teniamo<\/td><td>tenete<\/td><td>tengono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>uscire<\/td><td>esco<\/td><td>esci<\/td><td>esce<\/td><td>usciamo<\/td><td>uscite<\/td><td>escono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>dire<\/td><td>dico<\/td><td>dici<\/td><td>dice<\/td><td>diciamo<\/td><td>dite<\/td><td>dicono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>bere<\/td><td>bevo<\/td><td>bevi<\/td><td>beve<\/td><td>beviamo<\/td><td>bevete<\/td><td>bevono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>volere<\/td><td>voglio<\/td><td>vuoi<\/td><td>vuole<\/td><td>vogliamo<\/td><td>volete<\/td><td>vogliono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>potere<\/td><td>posso<\/td><td>puoi<\/td><td>pu\u00f2<\/td><td>possiamo<\/td><td>potete<\/td><td>possono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>dovere<\/td><td>devo<\/td><td>devi<\/td><td>deve<\/td><td>dobbiamo<\/td><td>dovete<\/td><td>devono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>rimanere<\/td><td>rimango<\/td><td>rimani<\/td><td>rimane<\/td><td>rimaniamo<\/td><td>rimanete<\/td><td>rimangono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>salire<\/td><td>salgo<\/td><td>sali<\/td><td>sale<\/td><td>saliamo<\/td><td>salite<\/td><td>salgono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>scegliere<\/td><td>scelgo<\/td><td>scegli<\/td><td>sceglie<\/td><td>scegliamo<\/td><td>scegliete<\/td><td>scelgono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>spegnere<\/td><td>spengo<\/td><td>spegni<\/td><td>spegne<\/td><td>spegniamo<\/td><td>spegnete<\/td><td>spengono<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tradurre<\/td><td>traduco<\/td><td>traduci<\/td><td>traduce<\/td><td>traduciamo<\/td><td>traducete<\/td><td>traducono<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three slips with italian irregular present tense flag an A2 sentence as written by a learner. Fixing them is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Treating the noi form as regular when the verb has a long stem. Wrong: <em>noi diamo<\/em> for &#8220;we say&#8221;. Correct: <em>noi diciamo<\/em>. The verb <em>dire<\/em> uses the long Latin stem dic- everywhere except in the short voi form (<em>dite<\/em>). Same for bere (beviamo), tradurre (traduciamo), produrre (produciamo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Missing the silent <em>h<\/em> in avere. Wrong: <em>io o un libro<\/em>. Correct: <em>io ho un libro<\/em>. The <em>h<\/em> is mandatory in writing (<em>ho, hai, ha, hanno<\/em>) even though it is silent in pronunciation. Without it, the verb looks like the conjunction <em>o<\/em> (or).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Confusing <em>d\u00e0<\/em> (gives) with <em>da<\/em> (from). Wrong: <em>Pietro da un libro a Elena<\/em>. Correct: <em>Pietro d\u00e0 un libro a Elena<\/em>. The 3sg of dare keeps the grave accent to distinguish the verb form from the preposition. Same logic: <em>do<\/em> (give, 1sg) has no accent; the older <em>d\u00f2<\/em> with accent is acceptable but old-fashioned.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Fix the irregular verb error in each sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Noi diamo che il treno \u00e8 in ritardo.<\/li>\n<li>Pietro ha sempre raggione, non posso discutere con lui.<\/li>\n<li>Caterina da il vestito alla cliente venerd\u00ec.<\/li>\n<li>Io o tre libri di Pennacchi sullo scaffale.<\/li>\n<li>Loro escono di casa alle sette e venono in libreria alle otto.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. diciamo (not diamo) \u00b7 2. ragione (just a typo trap) and Pietro ha \u2192 correct, posso \u2192 correct \u00b7 3. d\u00e0 (accent on 3sg dare) \u00b7 4. ho (silent h mandatory) \u00b7 5. vengono (not venono)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: planning a Saturday in Lucca<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elena calls Pietro on a Friday afternoon to plan a quick visit to Lucca the next day. Count every irregular verb they use: andare, fare, venire, volere, dovere, potere, sapere.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-irreg\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Pietro, ciao! Domani vengo a Lucca con Matteo. Sai a che ora apre la libreria?<br><em>Pietro, hi! Tomorrow I&#8217;m coming to Lucca with Matteo. Do you know what time the bookshop opens?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Apriamo alle nove. Se volete, faccio io il caff\u00e8 in retrobottega, cos\u00ec non dovete andare al bar.<br><em>We open at nine. If you want, I&#8217;ll make the coffee in the back room, so you don&#8217;t have to go to the caf\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Perfetto. Matteo vuole comprare l&#8217;ultimo Pennacchi, lo tieni ancora sullo scaffale?<br><em>Perfect. Matteo wants to buy the latest Pennacchi, do you still keep it on the shelf?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> S\u00ec, ne ho ancora due copie. Posso metterne una da parte se vuoi.<br><em>Yes, I still have two copies. I can set one aside if you want.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> S\u00ec, mettila da parte. Poi dopo la libreria andiamo a pranzo da Caterina. Vieni anche tu se non hai impegni.<br><em>Yes, set it aside. Then after the bookshop we&#8217;ll go to Caterina&#8217;s for lunch. Come too if you don&#8217;t have plans.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Volentieri! Esco dalla libreria all&#8217;una e vi raggiungo. Caterina sa gi\u00e0 che vengo?<br><em>Gladly! I leave the bookshop at one and I&#8217;ll meet you. Does Caterina already know I&#8217;m coming?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Glielo dico stasera. Possiamo restare fino al pomeriggio se ti va.<br><em>I&#8217;ll tell her tonight. We can stay until the afternoon if you feel like it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the irregular verbs Elena and Pietro use: <em>vengo, sai, apre, apriamo, volete, faccio, dovete, andare, vuole, tieni, ho, posso, vuoi, vieni, hai, esco, raggiungo, sa, vengo, dico, possiamo<\/em>. Twenty-one irregular forms in eight short turns: the heartbeat of A2-B1 conversational Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Describe your typical Saturday morning in six sentences, using at least six different italian irregular present tense verbs from this guide: one from each pattern (essere\/avere, monosyllabic 1sg, -go group, modal, dire\/bere, uscire). Read it out loud once.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"strategy\">Strategy: how to learn the italian irregular present tense<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Memorising twenty paradigms feels overwhelming. The faster path through the italian irregular present tense is to group verbs by pattern, then drill each group together. Start with essere\/avere (week one), add the monosyllabic 1sg group (week two), then -go insertion (week three), modal verbs (week four), and finish with dire\/bere\/uscire\/-urre. Each group reuses the same logic, so by week three you predict new forms instead of memorising them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second piece of strategy: drill the italian irregular present tense in context, not in isolation. Write five sentences a day using only irregular verbs. After two weeks, the forms come out automatically because you have used them in real meaning, not just in conjugation tables. This is how children learn them, and it works for adult learners too. Twenty verbs sound like a lot until you realise they are the same twenty verbs you use every single day, in every conversation, in every email, in every text message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below mixes italian irregular present tense forms across all six pattern groups, with traps on noi\/voi (long stem) and on accents (d\u00e0 vs da).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-irreg\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_118\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Irregular Present Tense: Vado, Faccio, Vengo, Voglio (A2)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F16058\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F16058\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"6a8d509460\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16058\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"your email address\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Full Name<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Your full name\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Enter password\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    I accept the <a href=\"\/eng\/terms\/\" target=\"_blank\">Terms<\/a> and <a href=\"\/eng\/privacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Policy<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continue<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continue',\n            signIn: 'Sign In',\n            createAccount: 'Create Account',\n            enterPassword: 'Enter password',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Enter your password',\n            choosePassword: 'Choose a secure password',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'Email and password are required',\n            nameRequired: 'Full name is required',\n            acceptTerms: 'Please accept Terms and Privacy Policy',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Processing...',\n            success: 'Success! Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"167\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Cloze: irregular present tense in context<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"168\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Conjugation: irregular present tense production<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Your result &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Let&#8217;s strengthen the foundations on this topic.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>10-Lesson Package<\/strong> gives you ten focused 55-minute sessions with a native teacher, at your own pace.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">10-Lesson Package<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"10-Lesson Package\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Get the 10-Lesson Package &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Your result &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Solid base. Let&#8217;s build on it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>weekly 1:1 lesson<\/strong> gives you the rhythm and the personalised feedback to turn what you know into what you say automatically.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Weekly 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Weekly 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Book a Weekly 1:1 lesson &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Your result &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Great work. You&#8217;re ready for the group.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> In the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> you&#8217;ll move from solid grammar to live conversation.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Your result &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Bravissimo! You nailed it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> Step into the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> to turn accurate Italian into fluent Italian.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Choose the right irregular present-tense form<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Pick the form between the brackets. Watch the six paradigm groups: monosyllabic 1sg (<\/em><em>vado, faccio, sto, do, so<\/em>), -go insertion (<em>vengo, tengo, salgo, rimango<\/em>), modals (<em>voglio, posso, devo<\/em>), <em>dire<\/em>\/<em>bere<\/em> long stem (<em>dico, beve, diciamo<\/em>), -urre verbs (<em>traduco, produce<\/em>), and <em>uscire<\/em>\/<em>riuscire<\/em> (<em>esco, riesco<\/em>). Watch the silent h in <em>avere<\/em> and the accent on <em>d&#224;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Senza tastiera italiana? Un apostrofo basta: scrivi <code>e'<\/code> al posto di <code>\u00e8<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">Example: Niccol&#242; (vole, <strong><u>vuole<\/u><\/strong>, volle) un caff&#232;.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6439\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Ogni sabato mattina Camilla (anda, vade, va) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(va)<\/span><\/span> al mercato antiquario di Arezzo per cercare gioielli vintage.<br><br><em>Every Saturday morning Camilla goes to the antique market in Arezzo to look for vintage jewellery.<\/em><\/li><li>Lorenzo (fa, face, f\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(fa)<\/span><\/span> l'archeologo per la soprintendenza di Siena da otto anni.<br><br><em>Lorenzo has been working as an archaeologist for the Siena heritage office for eight years.<\/em><\/li><li>Aurora (a, \u00e0, ha) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(ha)<\/span><\/span> una piccola libreria di seconda mano nel centro di Pistoia.<br><br><em>Aurora has a small second-hand bookshop in the centre of Pistoia.<\/em><\/li><li>Niccol\u00f2 (d\u00e0, da, d\u00e1i) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(d\u00e0, da')<\/span><\/span> sempre una mancia generosa al ragazzo che gli porta la spesa al ristorante.<br><br><em>Niccol\u00f2 always gives a generous tip to the boy who brings the groceries to the restaurant.<\/em><\/li><li>Camilla (vene, viene, venghe) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(viene)<\/span><\/span> da Siena a Pistoia ogni venerd\u00ec sera per cenare con la madre.<br><br><em>Camilla comes from Siena to Pistoia every Friday evening to have dinner with her mother.<\/em><\/li><li>Al museo di Arezzo (tengono, tiengono, tenono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tengono)<\/span><\/span> un piccolo laboratorio di restauro aperto al pubblico due volte al mese.<br><br><em>At the Arezzo museum they keep a small restoration workshop open to the public twice a month.<\/em><\/li><li>Niccol\u00f2 (voule, vole, vuole) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(vuole)<\/span><\/span> aprire un secondo ristorante in piazza Grande a Pistoia entro l'anno prossimo.<br><br><em>Niccol\u00f2 wants to open a second restaurant in Piazza Grande in Pistoia within the next year.<\/em><\/li><li>La domenica mattina i clienti (puossono, possono, possino) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(possono)<\/span><\/span> prenotare un tavolo per il pranzo direttamente dal sito del ristorante.<br><br><em>On Sunday mornings customers can book a table for lunch directly from the restaurant website.<\/em><\/li><li>Camilla e Lorenzo (dicemo, diamo, diciamo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(diciamo)<\/span><\/span> sempre che Pistoia ha la piazza pi\u00f9 bella della Toscana centrale.<br><br><em>Camilla and Lorenzo always say that Pistoia has the most beautiful square in central Tuscany.<\/em><\/li><li>Dopo il lavoro Lorenzo (bebe, beve, be) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(beve)<\/span><\/span> un bicchiere di vino rosso al banco con i colleghi dello scavo.<br><br><em>After work Lorenzo drinks a glass of red wine at the bar with his dig colleagues.<\/em><\/li><li>Domani sera (usciamo, esciamo, uscamo) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(usciamo)<\/span><\/span> tutti insieme per vedere lo spettacolo all'aperto in piazza del Duomo a Siena.<br><br><em>Tomorrow evening we are all going out together to see the open-air show in Piazza del Duomo in Siena.<\/em><\/li><li>Aurora (tradue, traduce, traduze) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(traduce)<\/span><\/span> ancora qualche romanzo dal francese per una vecchia casa editrice di Firenze.<br><br><em>Aurora still translates a few novels from French for an old Florence publisher.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 out of 12. The six irregular paradigms in one pass.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review the six paradigm groups of the italian irregular present tense:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>Monosyllabic 1sg<\/strong>: <em>vado, faccio, sto, do, so<\/em>. The 3pl ends in -nno: <em>vanno, fanno, stanno, danno, sanno<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>-go insertion<\/strong>: 1sg and 3pl take an extra g. <em>Vengo\/vengono, tengo\/tengono, salgo\/salgono, rimango\/rimangono<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modal verbs<\/strong>: <em>voglio\/vuoi\/vuole\/vogliamo\/volete\/vogliono<\/em>, <em>posso\/puoi\/pu&#242;<\/em>, <em>devo\/devi\/deve\/dobbiamo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dire and bere long stem<\/strong>: <em>dico, dici, dice, diciamo, dite, dicono<\/em>. Trap: <em>noi diciamo<\/em>, NOT <em>noi diamo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>-urre verbs<\/strong>: hidden long stem -uce-. <em>Traduco, traduci, traduce, traduciamo, traducete, traducono<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uscire \/ riuscire<\/strong>: e-root only in 1sg, 2sg, 3sg, 3pl. <em>Esco, esci, esce, escono<\/em>, but <em>usciamo, uscite<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Silent h in avere<\/strong>: <em>ho, hai, ha, hanno<\/em>. The h is mandatory in writing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Accent on d&#224;<\/strong>: the 3sg of <em>dare<\/em> takes a grave accent to distinguish it from the preposition <em>da<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong>: mercato antiquario = antique market &middot; soprintendenza = heritage office &middot; libreria di seconda mano = second-hand bookshop &middot; scavo = archaeological dig &middot; casa editrice = publishing house &middot; mancia = tip.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Three quick checks.<\/strong> (1) Is the verb in the <em>monosyllabic 1sg<\/em> family (<em>andare, fare, stare, dare, sapere<\/em>)? 1sg is short (<em>vado, faccio<\/em>) but 3pl ends in -nno (<em>vanno, fanno<\/em>). (2) Is it a <em>-go insertion<\/em> verb (<em>venire, tenere, salire, rimanere<\/em>)? The g appears only in 1sg and 3pl, not in the middle. (3) Is it <em>dire<\/em> or <em>bere<\/em>? Long stem everywhere except the short <em>dite<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Conjugate the irregular verb in the present tense<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>The hint shows the infinitive, the tense and the person. Build the correct irregular form. Trap to avoid: <\/em><em>noi diciamo<\/em> (not <em>diamo<\/em>), <em>noi usciamo<\/em> (no e-change), <em>loro rimangono<\/em> (-go in 3pl), <em>loro dicono<\/em> (long stem).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">Example: Niccol&#242; (uscire &#8211; presente, 3sg) <strong><u>{esce}<\/u><\/strong> alle otto.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6440\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Niccol\u00f2 e io (sapere - presente, 1pl) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sappiamo)<\/span><\/span> a memoria tutti i piatti del men\u00f9 della trattoria del nonno ad Arezzo.<br><br><em>Niccol\u00f2 and I know all the dishes of grandpa's trattoria menu in Arezzo by heart.<\/em><\/li><li>Aurora e Camilla (rimanere - presente, 3pl) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(rimangono)<\/span><\/span> a Pistoia tutta l'estate, fa troppo caldo per viaggiare in agosto.<br><br><em>Aurora and Camilla stay in Pistoia all summer, it's too hot to travel in August.<\/em><\/li><li>Stasera (dovere - presente, 1pl) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dobbiamo)<\/span><\/span> finire l'inventario del laboratorio prima della visita dell'ispettore di Firenze.<br><br><em>Tonight we have to finish the lab inventory before the Florence inspector's visit.<\/em><\/li><li>I vicini di casa (dire - presente, 3pl) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dicono)<\/span><\/span> che la libreria di Aurora \u00e8 la pi\u00f9 fornita di tutto il centro di Pistoia.<br><br><em>The neighbours say that Aurora's bookshop is the best-stocked in the whole centre of Pistoia.<\/em><\/li><li>Una vecchia cooperativa fuori Arezzo (produrre - presente, 3sg) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(produce)<\/span><\/span> ancora ceramiche dipinte a mano con tecniche del Cinquecento.<br><br><em>An old cooperative outside Arezzo still produces hand-painted ceramics with sixteenth-century techniques.<\/em><\/li><li>Lorenzo (uscire - presente, 3sg) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(esce)<\/span><\/span> dallo scavo alle sette di sera, si pulisce le mani e prende il treno per Pistoia.<br><br><em>Lorenzo leaves the dig at seven in the evening, cleans his hands and takes the train to Pistoia.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 out of 6. Irregular forms locked in.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Quick reference for the six paradigm groups:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><em>sapere<\/em> presente: so \/ sai \/ sa \/ <strong>sappiamo<\/strong> \/ sapete \/ sanno.<\/li>\n<li><em>rimanere<\/em> presente: rimango \/ rimani \/ rimane \/ rimaniamo \/ rimanete \/ <strong>rimangono<\/strong> (-go in 1sg and 3pl).<\/li>\n<li><em>dovere<\/em> presente: devo \/ devi \/ deve \/ <strong>dobbiamo<\/strong> \/ dovete \/ devono.<\/li>\n<li><em>dire<\/em> presente: dico \/ dici \/ dice \/ diciamo \/ dite \/ <strong>dicono<\/strong> (long stem, NOT <em>danno<\/em> or <em>dianno<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><em>produrre<\/em> presente: produco \/ produci \/ <strong>produce<\/strong> \/ produciamo \/ producete \/ producono.<\/li>\n<li><em>uscire<\/em> presente: esco \/ esci \/ <strong>esce<\/strong> \/ usciamo \/ uscite \/ escono (e-change only outside noi\/voi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong>: trattoria = family-style restaurant &middot; inventario = inventory &middot; ispettore = inspector &middot; ceramiche dipinte a mano = hand-painted ceramics &middot; scavo = archaeological dig.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Two questions per item.<\/strong> (1) Which paradigm group does this verb belong to? Monosyllabic 1sg, -go insertion, modal, long-stem (dire\/bere), -urre, or e-root (uscire\/riuscire)? (2) Is the person <em>noi<\/em> or <em>voi<\/em>? Those forms are often less irregular than 1sg\/3pl &mdash; but watch <em>dobbiamo, diciamo, sappiamo<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_118',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 118,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"167\":12,\"168\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6439\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6439,\"catId\":167,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"va\"],[\"fa\"],[\"ha\"],[\"d\\u00e0\",\"da'\"],[\"viene\"],[\"tengono\"],[\"vuole\"],[\"possono\"],[\"diciamo\"],[\"beve\"],[\"usciamo\"],[\"traduce\"]]},\"6440\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6440,\"catId\":168,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"sappiamo\"],[\"rimangono\"],[\"dobbiamo\"],[\"dicono\"],[\"produce\"],[\"esce\"]]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about italian irregular present tense come up in every A2 cohort. The answers below draw on real classroom usage and on the Crusca note <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sull-accento-di-da-d-do-dare\/22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sull&#8217;accento di d\u00e0<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Which Italian present tense verbs count as irregular?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>About twenty high-frequency verbs cover almost all the cases you need at A1-A2: essere, avere, andare, fare, stare, dare, sapere, venire, tenere, dire, bere, uscire, riuscire, volere, potere, dovere, rimanere, salire, scegliere, spegnere, plus the family of -urre verbs (tradurre, produrre, condurre). The list looks long but compresses into six patterns: essere\/avere on their own, monosyllabic 1sg (vado\/faccio\/sto\/do\/so), -go insertion (vengo\/tengo\/salgo\/rimango\/scelgo\/spengo), modal verbs (voglio\/posso\/devo), long-stem dire\/bere, -urre and e-root change (uscire \u2192 esco).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is vado the only irregular form for andare?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>All singular forms of andare are irregular (vado, vai, va) plus the third plural (vanno), but noi and voi are regular (andiamo, andate). The Latin original was a different verb entirely (vadere for the singular, ambulare for the plural), and modern Italian inherited the split. The same pattern applies to fare, stare, dare, sapere: irregular in io, tu, lui\/lei, loro; regular in noi and voi. Knowing this saves you from second-guessing the longer forms.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do modal verbs (volere, potere, dovere) take any preposition?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. The italian modal verbs are followed directly by another verb in the infinitive, without any preposition: voglio andare, posso uscire, devo studiare, vuole comprare, possono venire, dobbiamo finire. This contrasts with verbs like cominciare, finire, riuscire, which need a or di: cominciare a fare, finire di leggere, riuscire a capire. Memorise the modals as the no-preposition group: they are the most frequent verbs in spoken Italian.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What&#8217;s the difference between d\u00f2 and do (dare 1sg)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Modern Italian prefers do without accent. The Accademia della Crusca recommends do (no accent) for the 1sg present of dare, since there is no homograph to disambiguate from. The form d\u00f2 with grave accent is still seen in older texts and was traditionally taught at school as a parallel to d\u00e0 (3sg), where the accent is mandatory. Today: d\u00e0 keeps the accent (3sg, distinguishes from preposition da), do drops it (1sg, no ambiguity).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is the noi form of fare facciamo, not famo?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because fare comes from Latin facere, and the long stem face- surfaces in many forms across the conjugation. The 1pl facciamo, the 2pl fate (short), the 3pl fanno (short), the imperfetto facevo (long), the gerundio facendo (long), the past participle fatto (long). The short forms come from the Latin shortened root fa-; the long forms from face-. Italian has kept both and you cannot predict which appears where without memorising the conjugation. Same logic for dire (dico\/diciamo long, dite short), bere (bev- throughout), tradurre (traduc- throughout).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Are -urre verbs (tradurre, produrre) irregular or regular?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>They are irregular in form but completely regular in pattern: every verb ending in -urre conjugates the same way, with the long stem -uce- replacing the short -ur- of the infinitive. So tradurre gives traduco, produrre gives produco, condurre gives conduco, ridurre gives riduco, dedurre gives deduco. Once you learn one, you know them all. The same holds for -orre (porre \u2192 pongo) and -arre (trarre \u2192 traggo), though these verbs are much rarer in everyday speech.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that pair well with this one, plus an institutional reference on the accent of d\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-modal-verbs\/\">Italian Modal Verbs<\/a>: the deep-dive on volere, potere, dovere, sapere, with all tenses.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/tenses-italian-indicativo-mood\/\">Italian Indicativo Tenses: All 8<\/a>: the hub on the indicative mood and how the present sits among the other tenses.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-imperfetto-regular-verbs\/\">Italian Imperfetto<\/a>: the past tense that uses long stems for dire (dicevo), bere (bevevo), fare (facevo).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sull-accento-di-da-d-do-dare\/22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Sull&#8217;accento di d\u00e0, do, dare<\/a>: institutional note on the accent rules for the verb dare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian irregular present tense verbs are about twenty high-frequency forms that break the regular -are\/-ere\/-ire endings. The biggest groups are: monosyllabic first-person verbs (vado, do, sto, fo\u2192faccio, so), -go insertion verbs (vengo, tengo, salgo, scelgo, rimango, spengo), modal verbs (voglio, posso, devo), -urre verbs (traduco, produco, conduco), plus essere, avere, dire, bere, &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Irregular Present Tense: Vado, Faccio, Vengo, Voglio (A2)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-irregular-present-tense\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Irregular Present Tense: Vado, Faccio, Vengo, Voglio (A2)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1863],"tags":[528,1366,1365,28],"class_list":["post-16058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a1","tag-irregular-italian-verbs","tag-irregular-verbs-italian-simple-present","tag-italian-simple-present","tag-presente-indicativo","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16058"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16058\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60142,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16058\/revisions\/60142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}