{"id":15540,"date":"2015-11-17T16:22:49","date_gmt":"2015-11-17T07:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=15540"},"modified":"2026-05-27T00:41:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T15:41:23","slug":"italian-indirect-speech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-indirect-speech\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Indirect Speech: Tense Shift, Deixis, Reporting (B2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> The <strong>italian indirect speech<\/strong> rules tell you how to turn a direct quote into a reported sentence: <em>Pietro said \u00abI&#8217;m tired\u00bb \u2192 Pietro said he was tired<\/em>. Italian organises this with three coordinated shifts: tenses move backward (consecutio temporum), pronouns shift from first\/second to third, and time-and-place adverbs swap to their reported equivalents. Once you internalise the three shift systems, italian indirect speech stops being a memorisation exercise and starts feeling automatic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide walks through every italian indirect speech rule with real examples from a kitchen in Lucca, a bookshop in Padova, and a sartoria in Trieste. Each section gives the rule, three or four sentence pairs (direct \u2192 indirect), and the cases where natives prefer one construction over another. By the end you will know when to switch to the implicit form (<em>dire di + infinito<\/em>), how to report a question, and why <em>condizionale composto<\/em> is the Italian way to say &#8220;would have done&#8221; in reported speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You will also see the literary cousin of italian indirect speech, the <em>discorso indiretto libero<\/em>, which Italian novelists use to blend a character&#8217;s voice with the narrator&#8217;s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What italian indirect speech actually does<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tense-shift\">Tense shift: the consecutio temporum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pronoun-shift\">Pronoun shift: first\/second to third<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#deixis\">Deixis shift: questo, qui, ora, oggi, ieri, domani<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#questions\">Reporting questions: chiedere, domandare<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#commands\">Reporting commands: dire di + infinito<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#implicita\">Esplicita vs implicita: when each wins<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#libero\">Discorso indiretto libero: the literary cousin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian indirect speech at a glance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">A small dialogue: reporting at the bookshop<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What italian indirect speech actually does<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian indirect speech (<em>discorso indiretto<\/em>) is the construction you use when you report what someone said, asked or commanded, without quoting them directly. The direct quote becomes a subordinate clause introduced by <em>che<\/em> (for statements), <em>se<\/em> or a question word (for questions), or <em>di + infinito<\/em> (for commands).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Direct: Pietro disse: \u00ab<strong>Ho chiuso<\/strong> la libreria alle sette.\u00bb<br>Indirect: Pietro disse che <strong>aveva chiuso<\/strong> la libreria alle sette.<br><em>Pietro said he had closed the bookshop at seven.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: Caterina chiese: \u00ab<strong>A che ora<\/strong> arrivi?\u00bb<br>Indirect: Caterina chiese <strong>a che ora arrivassi<\/strong>.<br><em>Caterina asked what time I would arrive.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: Elena disse: \u00ab<strong>Vieni<\/strong> con me!\u00bb<br>Indirect: Elena disse <strong>di venire<\/strong> con lei.<br><em>Elena told me to come with her.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the reporting verb (<em>dire, chiedere, sostenere, affermare, dichiarare<\/em>) is in a past tense, italian indirect speech triggers three coordinated shifts: tenses move backward, personal pronouns swap perspective, and time-and-place adverbs adjust to the new reporting context. The rest of this guide unpacks each shift, with the constructions that handle questions and commands separately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tense-shift\">Tense shift: the consecutio temporum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the reporting verb is in a past tense (<em>disse, ha detto, aveva detto<\/em>), each italian indirect speech tense in the original quote slides one step backward in time. The system is fully predictable and is the single biggest piece of italian indirect speech to memorise.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Presente \u2192 imperfetto<\/strong>. <em>Pietro disse: \u00abParto per Lucca\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Pietro disse che partiva per Lucca.<\/em><br><em>He said he was leaving.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Passato prossimo \u2192 trapassato prossimo<\/strong>. <em>Caterina disse: \u00abSono partita stamattina\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Caterina disse che era partita stamattina.<\/em><br><em>He said he had left.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Futuro semplice \u2192 condizionale composto<\/strong>. <em>Francesco disse: \u00abPartir\u00f2 domenica per Trieste\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Francesco disse che sarebbe partito domenica per Trieste.<\/em><br><em>He said he would leave.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Imperfetto \u2192 imperfetto (no change)<\/strong>. <em>Elena disse: \u00abStavo leggendo in libreria\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Elena disse che stava leggendo in libreria.<\/em><br><em>He said he was studying.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The future-in-the-past rule is the most counterintuitive for English speakers, because English uses a single conditional (<em>would leave<\/em>) while Italian uses the <em>condizionale composto<\/em>: <em>sarebbe partito<\/em>, literally &#8220;would have left&#8221;. This is one of the cleanest tests of B2 italian indirect speech competence.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-future\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Future-in-the-past trap.<\/strong> English &#8220;he said he would leave&#8221; translates to <em>disse che sarebbe partito<\/em> (condizionale composto), never to <em>disse che partirebbe<\/em>. The compound conditional is the only italian indirect speech form for reporting a future event from a past reporting verb.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the reporting verb is in the present (<em>dice, chiede<\/em>), no tense shift is needed: the original quote keeps its tenses unchanged. <em>Pietro dice: \u00abSono stanco\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Pietro dice che \u00e8 stanco<\/em>. The shift kicks in only with a past reporting verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pronoun-shift\">Pronoun shift: first\/second to third<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian indirect speech reassigns perspective. The original speaker&#8217;s <em>io<\/em> becomes <em>lui\/lei<\/em> in the report, and the original addressee&#8217;s <em>tu<\/em> becomes <em>lui\/lei<\/em> too (or stays <em>tu<\/em> if the addressee is the reporter). Possessive adjectives shift in parallel.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Direct: Pietro disse a Caterina: \u00ab<strong>Io<\/strong> non sono d&#8217;accordo con <strong>te<\/strong>.\u00bb<br>Indirect: Pietro disse a Caterina che <strong>lui<\/strong> non era d&#8217;accordo con <strong>lei<\/strong>.<br><em>Pietro told Caterina that he didn&#8217;t agree with her.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: Elena disse a Francesco: \u00ab<strong>Tu<\/strong> non <strong>mi<\/strong> hai convinto.\u00bb<br>Indirect: Elena disse a Francesco che <strong>lui<\/strong> non <strong>l&#8217;<\/strong>aveva convinta.<br><em>Elena told Francesco that he had not convinced her.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: Caterina disse: \u00abVado a casa <strong>mia<\/strong>.\u00bb<br>Indirect: Caterina disse che andava a casa <strong>sua<\/strong>.<br><em>Caterina said she was going to her own house.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: Pietro disse ai dipendenti: \u00abState zitti, <strong>voi<\/strong>!\u00bb<br>Indirect: Pietro disse ai dipendenti di stare zitti.<br><em>Pietro told the employees to be quiet.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian usually drops the explicit subject pronoun (<em>lui, lei<\/em>) in italian indirect speech, because the verb conjugation already carries the information. You only insert it when ambiguity would otherwise arise: <em>Pietro disse a Caterina che lei non era d&#8217;accordo<\/em> (Caterina, not Pietro, disagreed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"deixis\">Deixis shift: questo, qui, ora, oggi, ieri, domani<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Time-and-place markers anchor a sentence to the moment of speaking. When italian indirect speech moves the report to a different time and place, those markers also shift. This is the deixis shift, and it covers demonstratives, place adverbs, and time adverbs.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>questo \u2192 quello<\/strong>. <em>Elena disse: \u00abQuesto romanzo mi piace\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Elena disse che quel romanzo le piaceva.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>qui, qua \u2192 l\u00ec, l\u00e0<\/strong>. <em>Pietro disse: \u00abLa cassa sta qui\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Pietro disse che la cassa stava l\u00ec.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>ora, adesso \u2192 allora<\/strong>. <em>Caterina disse: \u00abOra va benissimo\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Caterina disse che allora andava benissimo.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>oggi \u2192 quel giorno<\/strong>. <em>Matteo disse: \u00abOggi la libreria \u00e8 chiusa\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Matteo disse che quel giorno la libreria era chiusa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>ieri \u2192 il giorno prima<\/strong>. <em>Giulia disse: \u00abIeri sono andata al mercato\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Giulia disse che il giorno prima era andata al mercato.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>domani \u2192 il giorno dopo \/ l&#8217;indomani<\/strong>. <em>Francesco disse: \u00abDomani il treno sar\u00e0 puntuale\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Francesco disse che il giorno dopo il treno sarebbe stato puntuale.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>fa \u2192 prima<\/strong>. <em>Elena disse: \u00abTre settimane fa la sartoria era ancora vuota\u00bb<\/em> \u2192 <em>Elena disse che tre settimane prima la sartoria era ancora vuota.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most of these shifts are intuitive once you see them as moving the centre of reference from &#8220;now&#8221; to &#8220;then&#8221;. The trickiest is <em>domani \u2192 il giorno dopo<\/em>, because spoken Italian sometimes keeps <em>domani<\/em> if the speech is reported on the same day. The conservative rule (always shift) is the safer choice in writing.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task1-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Turn each direct quote into italian indirect speech, with reporting verb in past tense.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro disse: \u00abSono molto stanco e domani non vengo in libreria.\u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Caterina chiese: \u00abA che ora arrivi a Lucca?\u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Elena disse: \u00abIeri ho letto un libro bellissimo.\u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Pietro disse che era molto stanco e che il giorno dopo non sarebbe venuto in libreria.<\/p>\n<p>2. Caterina chiese a che ora arrivassi a Lucca.<\/p>\n<p>3. Elena disse che il giorno prima aveva letto un libro bellissimo.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"questions\">Reporting questions: chiedere, domandare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To report a question, italian indirect speech uses <em>chiedere<\/em> or <em>domandare<\/em> + an embedded question word. Yes\/no questions take <em>se<\/em>; open questions keep their question word (<em>che cosa, dove, quando, perch\u00e9<\/em>). The verb of the embedded question often goes into the subjunctive when the reporting verb is in a past tense.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Direct: \u00abVieni a Trieste?\u00bb<br>Indirect: Pietro mi chiese <strong>se<\/strong> <strong>venissi<\/strong> a Trieste.<br><em>Pietro asked me if I was coming to Trieste.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: \u00abDove hai trovato il libro?\u00bb<br>Indirect: Caterina mi chiese <strong>dove<\/strong> <strong>avessi trovato<\/strong> il libro.<br><em>Caterina asked me where I had found the book.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: \u00abChe cosa stai facendo?\u00bb<br>Indirect: Elena mi domand\u00f2 <strong>che cosa<\/strong> <strong>stessi facendo<\/strong>.<br><em>Elena asked me what I was doing.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: \u00abPerch\u00e9 non sei venuto al pranzo?\u00bb<br>Indirect: Francesco mi chiese <strong>perch\u00e9<\/strong> non <strong>fossi venuto<\/strong> al pranzo.<br><em>Francesco asked me why I had not come to lunch.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversational italian indirect speech often relaxes the subjunctive into the indicative (<em>mi chiese dove avevo trovato il libro<\/em>), and both are widely accepted in speech. In formal writing the subjunctive is the safer choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"commands\">Reporting commands: dire di + infinito<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An imperative in the original quote (<em>vieni!<\/em>, <em>parti!<\/em>, <em>parla piano!<\/em>) becomes <em>di + infinito<\/em> in italian indirect speech. The reporting verb is usually <em>dire<\/em>, <em>ordinare<\/em>, <em>chiedere<\/em>, <em>pregare<\/em>, <em>esortare<\/em>, depending on the force of the command.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Direct: \u00abVieni con me!\u00bb<br>Indirect: Elena gli disse <strong>di venire<\/strong> con lei.<br><em>Elena told him to come with her.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: \u00abNon parlare a voce alta in biblioteca!\u00bb<br>Indirect: La bibliotecaria mi chiese <strong>di non parlare<\/strong> a voce alta.<br><em>The librarian asked me not to speak loudly.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: \u00abChiudete il negozio alle otto!\u00bb<br>Indirect: Il proprietario ordin\u00f2 ai commessi <strong>di chiudere<\/strong> il negozio alle otto.<br><em>The owner ordered the staff to close the shop at eight.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Direct: \u00abMandami il documento entro venerd\u00ec.\u00bb<br>Indirect: Il cliente mi preg\u00f2 <strong>di mandargli<\/strong> il documento entro venerd\u00ec.<br><em>The client asked me to send him the document by Friday.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>di + infinito<\/em> construction is one of the cleanest pieces of italian indirect speech. It works the same regardless of the reporting verb tense, and it handles negatives by simply moving <em>non<\/em> before the infinitive: <em>mi disse di non venire<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"implicita\">Esplicita vs implicita: when each wins<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian indirect speech has two forms. The <strong>explicit<\/strong> form uses <em>che<\/em> + finite verb (<em>Caterina dice che sta bene<\/em>). The <strong>implicit<\/strong> form uses <em>di + infinito<\/em> (<em>Caterina dice di stare bene<\/em>). The choice is not free: it depends on whether the subjects of the two clauses match.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Same subject<\/strong> \u2192 implicita preferred. <em>Pietro dice di essere stanco<\/em> (Pietro is tired).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Different subjects<\/strong> \u2192 esplicita required to avoid ambiguity. <em>Pietro dice che Caterina \u00e8 stanca<\/em> (Caterina is tired, not Pietro).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ambiguous case<\/strong>. <em>Chiara dice a Mauro di andare a cucinare<\/em> \u2192 who is going to cook, Chiara or Mauro? The implicit form makes Mauro the subject, so for clarity use the explicit form: <em>Chiara dice a Mauro che (lei) va a cucinare<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-impl\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>One-sentence rule.<\/strong> If both clauses share the same subject, prefer <em>di + infinito<\/em>. If they have different subjects, use <em>che + verbo<\/em> to avoid mistaken referents in italian indirect speech.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"libero\">Discorso indiretto libero: the literary cousin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian novelists from the nineteenth century onward use a third construction called <em>discorso indiretto libero<\/em>. It blends a character&#8217;s voice and the narrator&#8217;s, without an introducing verb like <em>disse<\/em>, <em>pens\u00f2<\/em>, <em>sostenne<\/em>. The verb tenses are typically imperfetto and condizionale composto, but interjections, exclamations, and informal markers from the character&#8217;s voice slip through.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pure indiretto: <em>Caterina pens\u00f2 che Pietro fosse in ritardo.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Indiretto libero: <em>Caterina si ferm\u00f2 davanti al portone. Pietro era in ritardo, di nuovo. Ma cosa stava facendo, ancora chiuso in libreria?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You will not produce this construction at B2, but you will recognise it in Pirandello, Manzoni, Calvino. It is the italian indirect speech form that gives Italian novels their characteristic flexibility between narration and inner thought.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task2-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Decide whether the explicit or implicit italian indirect speech form is correct, and fill the gap.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro dice ____ (stare) molto bene oggi.<\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha detto ai dipendenti ____ (chiudere) il negozio alle sette.<\/li>\n<li>Elena ha scritto al cliente ____ (lei, mandare) il documento il giorno dopo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. di stare (implicit form, same subject: Pietro).<\/p>\n<p>2. di chiudere (command becomes di + infinito).<\/p>\n<p>3. che gli avrebbe mandato (explicit form needed, different subjects: Elena vs cliente).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian indirect speech at a glance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table, the entire italian indirect speech shift system. Keep it open while you rewrite a quoted dialogue.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Direct quote (now)<\/th><th>Indirect speech (then, past reporting verb)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>presente<\/td><td>imperfetto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>passato prossimo<\/td><td>trapassato prossimo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>imperfetto<\/td><td>imperfetto (no change)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>futuro semplice<\/td><td>condizionale composto (sarebbe partito)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>condizionale semplice<\/td><td>condizionale composto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>imperativo<\/td><td>di + infinito<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>io \/ tu \/ noi \/ voi<\/td><td>lui \/ lei \/ loro<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>questo, questa<\/td><td>quello, quella<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>qui, qua<\/td><td>l\u00ec, l\u00e0<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ora, adesso<\/td><td>allora<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>oggi<\/td><td>quel giorno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>ieri<\/td><td>il giorno prima<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>domani<\/td><td>il giorno dopo \/ l&#8217;indomani<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>fa<\/td><td>prima<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three errors in italian indirect speech mark a B2 essay as written by a learner. Fixing them is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Using <em>condizionale semplice<\/em> for future-in-the-past. Wrong: <em>disse che partirebbe<\/em>. Correct: <em>disse che sarebbe partito<\/em>. Italian italian indirect speech uses the compound conditional exclusively for &#8220;would do&#8221; reported from a past reporting verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Forgetting to shift adverbs of time. Wrong: <em>disse che oggi era stanco<\/em> (if reported a week later). Correct: <em>disse che quel giorno era stanco<\/em>. The deixis shift is small but immediately visible to a native reader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Using <em>che + congiuntivo presente<\/em> after a past reporting verb. Wrong: <em>Pietro disse che sia stanco<\/em>. Correct: <em>Pietro disse che era stanco<\/em> (statement, indicativo imperfetto). The subjunctive only enters with reported questions and with certain verbs of doubt; reported plain statements with <em>dire<\/em>, <em>sostenere<\/em>, <em>affermare<\/em> stay in the indicative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reporting-verbs\">The full set of reporting verbs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian indirect speech is not limited to <em>dire<\/em>. The reporting verb you choose shades the meaning of the report: <em>dire<\/em> is neutral, <em>sostenere<\/em> implies a claim under discussion, <em>ammettere<\/em> a confession, <em>negare<\/em> a denial. Newspapers and formal prose lean heavily on this variety to add nuance without further commentary.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Neutral statement<\/strong>: dire, raccontare, riferire, comunicare. <em>Pietro mi ha riferito che la libreria avrebbe chiuso a fine mese.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Claim or position<\/strong>: sostenere, affermare, dichiarare. <em>Caterina ha sostenuto che il prezzo era troppo basso.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Confession or admission<\/strong>: ammettere, riconoscere, confessare. <em>Francesco ha ammesso di non aver letto il contratto.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Denial<\/strong>: negare, smentire. <em>Elena ha negato di aver visto il pacco.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Question<\/strong>: chiedere, domandare. <em>Caterina ha chiesto se la giacca fosse pronta.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Command or request<\/strong>: ordinare, pregare, esortare, chiedere. <em>Pietro mi ha pregato di richiamarlo dopo cena.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice how verbs of confession and denial naturally pair with <em>di + infinito<\/em> when the subjects match: <em>ammettere di<\/em>, <em>negare di<\/em>, <em>riconoscere di<\/em>. Picking the right reporting verb is half the work of italian indirect speech: get it wrong and the tone of the reported statement shifts in ways the original speaker would not have meant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">A small dialogue: reporting at the bookshop<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Allora, Caterina, ieri sera ho parlato con Pietro al telefono. Mi ha detto che era tornato tardi dalla libreria e che il giorno dopo, cio\u00e8 oggi, sarebbe rimasto chiuso.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Davvero? Strano, di solito apre anche la domenica. Ti ha detto perch\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> S\u00ec, mi ha spiegato che doveva fare l&#8217;inventario e che non avrebbe avuto tempo di occuparsi dei clienti. Mi ha anche chiesto se potevo passare luned\u00ec invece di oggi.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Capito. E che cosa gli hai risposto?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Gli ho detto che andava bene luned\u00ec pomeriggio. Per\u00f2 mi ha pregato di passare prima delle cinque, perch\u00e9 alle sei aveva un appuntamento con il rappresentante della casa editrice.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Senti, se vai luned\u00ec, chiedigli se ha ricevuto il libro che gli avevo ordinato due settimane fa. Mi aveva detto che sarebbe arrivato entro venerd\u00ec scorso, ma non l&#8217;ho ancora avuto.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Glielo dico. Sai, mi ha anche raccontato che stava pensando di organizzare una serata di letture in libreria, e mi ha chiesto se mi sarebbe piaciuto partecipare come lettrice.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Bella idea. Digli che ti sembra una buona occasione anche per le sartorie del quartiere, magari potremmo allestire una piccola vetrina a tema.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the italian indirect speech forms Elena and Caterina use without thinking: <em>mi ha detto che<\/em>, <em>mi ha spiegato che<\/em>, <em>mi ha chiesto se<\/em>, <em>gli ho detto che<\/em>, <em>mi ha pregato di<\/em>, <em>mi aveva detto che<\/em>, <em>mi ha raccontato che<\/em>, <em>mi ha chiesto se<\/em>, plus the deixis shift from <em>oggi<\/em> to <em>il giorno dopo<\/em>. The whole system is at play.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-challenge-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Report a phone call you had this week using italian indirect speech. Include at least one tense shift (passato prossimo \u2192 trapassato prossimo), one future-in-the-past (condizionale composto), one reported question with <em>se<\/em> or a question word, and one deixis shift (e.g., <em>domani \u2192 il giorno dopo<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ready to test italian indirect speech in context? The quiz below mixes tense shifts, deixis, and reported questions, with a few traps on the future-in-the-past and on the explicit-vs-implicit choice.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_134\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Indirect Speech: Tense Shift, Deixis, Reporting (B2)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F15540\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F15540\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"768e38c0f2\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15540\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"125\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Discorso indiretto: shifts<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"126\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Verifica: errori comuni discorso indiretto<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pick the right indirect-speech form<\/h3>\n<p>Beatrice Salvi, giornalista di un quotidiano di Bologna, riporta le parole di politici, scrittori, avvocati e chef che ha intervistato negli ultimi mesi. Ogni volta che il verbo introduttivo (disse, raccont\u00f2, dichiar\u00f2, rifer\u00ec) sta al passato, l&#8217;intera struttura della frase originale si riassesta: i tempi indietreggiano, i deittici di tempo e di luogo si spostano, i possessivi e i pronomi cambiano di persona. Le domande dirette diventano interrogative indirette al congiuntivo imperfetto, e gli imperativi si trasformano in &#8220;di + infinito&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><em>Indirect speech with a past reporting verb triggers a cascade of shifts: tenses retreat (futuro to conditional perfect, presente to imperfetto, passato prossimo to trapassato), deictics shift (oggi to quel giorno, qui to l\u00ec, questo to quello), possessives and pronouns reorient to third person, and imperatives become &#8220;di + infinitive&#8221;. Pick the form that fits a reported, past, third-person frame.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>If your keyboard doesn&#8217;t have Italian accents<\/strong>, you can type an apostrophe instead, e.g. <em>li&#8217;<\/em> for <em>l\u00ec<\/em>, <em>perche&#8217;<\/em> for <em>perch\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6425\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Marcello Rinaldi aveva promesso ai cittadini che il restauro del teatro comunale (sar\u00e0, sarebbe stato, sia stato) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sarebbe stato)<\/span><\/span> completato entro l'autunno seguente.<br><br><em>Marcello Rinaldi had promised the citizens that the restoration of the town theatre would be completed by the following autumn.<\/em><\/li><li>Lucia Pavesi raccont\u00f2 alla giornalista che la sua nuova casa di Mantova (sta, sar\u00e0, stava) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(stava)<\/span><\/span> diventando il luogo ideale per scrivere il romanzo.<br><br><em>Lucia Pavesi told the journalist that her new house in Mantua was becoming the ideal place to write the novel.<\/em><\/li><li>Beatrice Salvi rifer\u00ec sul quotidiano che la sera prima Carlo Albertini (aveva parlato, ha parlato, parl\u00f2) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(aveva parlato)<\/span><\/span> a lungo della crisi della ristorazione bolognese.<br><br><em>Beatrice Salvi reported in the newspaper that the night before Carlo Albertini had spoken at length about the crisis of Bolognese restaurant business.<\/em><\/li><li>Gemma Soriano dichiar\u00f2 davanti ai colleghi che (oggi, ora, quel giorno) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(quel giorno)<\/span><\/span> si sarebbe ricordato come una svolta nella sua carriera di avvocata.<br><br><em>Gemma Soriano declared in front of her colleagues that that day would be remembered as a turning point in her career as a lawyer.<\/em><\/li><li>Carlo Albertini spieg\u00f2 ai cronisti che (il giorno prima, ieri, oggi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il giorno prima)<\/span><\/span> il fornitore di vini aveva ritirato l'intera consegna senza alcun preavviso.<br><br><em>Carlo Albertini explained to the reporters that the day before the wine supplier had withdrawn the entire delivery without any notice.<\/em><\/li><li>Marcello Rinaldi disse ai giornalisti che (qui, l\u00ec, qua) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(l\u00ec, li')<\/span><\/span>, nel palazzo storico di Ravenna, si sarebbe tenuta la conferenza stampa successiva.<br><br><em>Marcello Rinaldi told the reporters that there, in the historic building of Ravenna, the next press conference would be held.<\/em><\/li><li>Lucia Pavesi confess\u00f2 alla giornalista che non avrebbe mai immaginato di scrivere un romanzo in (questo, codesto, quello) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(quello)<\/span><\/span> periodo della sua vita.<br><br><em>Lucia Pavesi confessed to the journalist that she would never have imagined writing a novel in that period of her life.<\/em><\/li><li>Gemma Soriano spieg\u00f2 al giudice che (il mio, il suo, il loro) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(il suo)<\/span><\/span> cliente non aveva mai ricevuto la convocazione ufficiale.<br><br><em>Gemma Soriano explained to the judge that her client had never received the official summons.<\/em><\/li><li>Carlo Albertini rifer\u00ec al direttore che (suo, tuo, mio) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(suo)<\/span><\/span> fratello, anche lui chef a Ferrara, aveva deciso di rilevare il ristorante di famiglia.<br><br><em>Carlo Albertini reported to the director that his brother, also a chef in Ferrara, had decided to take over the family restaurant.<\/em><\/li><li>Durante l'intervista Beatrice Salvi domand\u00f2 allo scrittore che cosa (fa, fa adesso, facesse) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(facesse)<\/span><\/span> nelle ore in cui non riusciva a scrivere.<br><br><em>During the interview Beatrice Salvi asked the writer what he was doing in the hours when he could not manage to write.<\/em><\/li><li>La cronista volle sapere dove (andasse, va, \u00e8 andato) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(andasse)<\/span><\/span> Marcello Rinaldi ogni domenica mattina, lontano dagli impegni ufficiali.<br><br><em>The reporter wanted to know where Marcello Rinaldi was going every Sunday morning, away from his official commitments.<\/em><\/li><li>L'editore ordin\u00f2 perentoriamente a Lucia Pavesi (consegnare, di consegnare, che consegni) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di consegnare)<\/span><\/span> il manoscritto definitivo entro la fine del mese.<br><br><em>The publisher peremptorily ordered Lucia Pavesi to deliver the final manuscript by the end of the month.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 right out of 12.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review the main transformation rules when the reporting verb is in the past:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;margin:8px 0\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">Direct<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">Indirect (past frame)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">presente (<em>sta<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">imperfetto (<em>stava<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">passato prossimo (<em>ha parlato<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">trapassato prossimo (<em>aveva parlato<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">futuro (<em>sar\u00e0<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">condizionale composto (<em>sarebbe stato<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">domanda diretta (<em>cosa fai?<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">congiuntivo imperfetto (<em>che cosa facesse<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">imperativo (<em>Vieni!<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">di + infinito (<em>di venire<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>oggi \/ ieri \/ domani<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>quel giorno \/ il giorno prima \/ il giorno dopo<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>qui \/ qua \/ questo<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>l\u00ec \/ l\u00e0 \/ quello<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>mio \/ tuo \/ nostro<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>suo \/ suo \/ loro<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Check the reporting verb first. If it is in the past (<em>disse, raccont\u00f2, dichiar\u00f2, rifer\u00ec<\/em>), every coordinate of the original utterance reorients away from the speaker who said it. Tenses step back one notch. Deictics swap to a distal frame. Possessives and pronouns move to third person. Pillar 21292 captures the same logic with <em>Mario mi ha detto che ci saremmo visti il giorno dopo a casa mia<\/em>: futuro becomes conditional perfect, <em>domani<\/em> becomes <em>il giorno dopo<\/em>, <em>casa tua<\/em> becomes <em>casa mia<\/em> seen from the reporter&#8217;s side.<\/p>\n<p>For interrogatives: drop the question mark, use a complementizer (<em>che cosa, dove, se<\/em>) and shift the verb to congiuntivo imperfetto when the main is past. For imperatives, swap the bare command for <em>di + infinito<\/em>: <em>&#8220;Vieni!&#8221; &rarr; gli disse di venire<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct reported version<\/h3>\n<p><em>Each trio contains one fully correct reported sentence and two with one transformation gone wrong. Look for: tense step-back, deictic shift, indirect-question complementizer, and the imperative &#8220;di + infinito&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6426\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Marcello Rinaldi aveva annunciato ai cittadini che i lavori sarebbero ricominciati subito dopo l'estate.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Marcello Rinaldi aveva annunciato ai cittadini che i lavori ricominceranno subito dopo l'estate.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Marcello Rinaldi aveva annunciato ai cittadini che i lavori ricomincino subito dopo l'estate.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Beatrice Salvi pens\u00f2 che il politico sta mentendo sui veri costi del progetto.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Beatrice Salvi pens\u00f2 che il politico stesse mentendo sui veri costi del progetto.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Beatrice Salvi pens\u00f2 che il politico stia mentendo sui veri costi del progetto.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Lucia Pavesi disse alla giornalista che quel romanzo le aveva richiesto cinque anni di lavoro.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Lucia Pavesi disse alla giornalista che questo romanzo le aveva richiesto cinque anni di lavoro.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Lucia Pavesi disse alla giornalista che il romanzo qui le aveva richiesto cinque anni di lavoro.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Il caporedattore chiese a Beatrice Salvi: cosa hai scoperto durante l'intervista al sindaco?                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Il caporedattore chiese a Beatrice Salvi che cosa avesse scoperto durante l'intervista al sindaco.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Il caporedattore chiese a Beatrice Salvi che cosa ha scoperto durante l'intervista al sindaco.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Il giudice ordin\u00f2 all'avvocata: rilegga immediatamente la dichiarazione del testimone.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Il giudice ordin\u00f2 all'avvocata che rilegge immediatamente la dichiarazione del testimone.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Il giudice ordin\u00f2 all'avvocata di rileggere immediatamente la dichiarazione del testimone.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Carlo Albertini confess\u00f2 ai colleghi che quel giorno aveva ricevuto la pi\u00f9 dura recensione della sua carriera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Carlo Albertini confess\u00f2 ai colleghi che il giorno aveva ricevuto la pi\u00f9 dura recensione della sua carriera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_134_6426\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Carlo Albertini confess\u00f2 ai colleghi che oggi aveva ricevuto la pi\u00f9 dura recensione della sua carriera.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 right out of 6.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Six diagnostic traps in indirect speech with a past reporting verb:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:8px 0 8px 40px;padding-left:8px;\">\n<li>Futuro must become <strong>condizionale composto<\/strong> (<em>sarebbero ricominciati<\/em>), never stay as futuro.<\/li>\n<li>Doubt verb in past needs <strong>congiuntivo imperfetto<\/strong> (<em>stesse mentendo<\/em>), not cong. presente.<\/li>\n<li>Spatial deictic <em>questo<\/em> must shift to <strong>quello<\/strong> when the reporting frame is distal.<\/li>\n<li>Direct question loses the question mark and takes <strong>congiuntivo imperfetto<\/strong> (<em>che cosa avesse scoperto<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>Direct imperative is rephrased as <strong>&#8220;di + infinito&#8221;<\/strong> (<em>di rileggere<\/em>), not kept as imperativo.<\/li>\n<li>Temporal deictic <em>oggi<\/em> must shift to <strong>quel giorno<\/strong> in a past-narrated frame.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Each trio attacks one transformation that students often forget once the reporting verb is past:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:8px 0 8px 40px;padding-left:8px;\">\n<li>Tense step-back rule: futuro &rarr; cond. composto.<\/li>\n<li>Mood agreement: past introducer + opinion verb pulls cong. presente down to cong. imperfetto.<\/li>\n<li>Spatial deictic: <em>questo, qui, qua<\/em> retreat to <em>quello, l\u00ec, l\u00e0<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Indirect question: complementizer (<em>che cosa, dove, se<\/em>) plus subjunctive backshifted to imperfetto.<\/li>\n<li>Imperative: always reformulated as <em>di + infinito<\/em>, never preserved.<\/li>\n<li>Temporal deictic: <em>oggi &rarr; quel giorno<\/em>, <em>ieri &rarr; il giorno prima<\/em>, <em>domani &rarr; il giorno dopo<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_134',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 134,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"125\":12,\"126\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6425\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6425,\"catId\":125,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"sarebbe stato\"],[\"stava\"],[\"aveva parlato\"],[\"quel giorno\"],[\"il giorno prima\"],[\"l\\u00ec\",\"li'\"],[\"quello\"],[\"il suo\"],[\"suo\"],[\"facesse\"],[\"andasse\"],[\"di consegnare\"]]},\"6426\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6426,\"catId\":126,\"points\":[1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1],\"correct\":[1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Five questions about italian indirect speech come up in every B2 cohort. The answers below draw on real usage and on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/discorso-indiretto_%28La-grammatica-italiana%29\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Treccani entry on discorso indiretto<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does Italian use condizionale composto for future-in-the-past?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Italian sees a reported future as something that, from the past reporting moment, has not yet happened but will. The condizionale composto (sarebbe partito) encodes exactly this: an event projected forward from a past anchor. English uses a single conditional (would leave), but Italian needs the compound form because the simple conditional (partirebbe) refers to a present-time hypothetical, not a past-anchored future.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do I always have to shift adverbs like oggi or domani?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In writing yes, especially formal writing. In speech, if the reporting happens on the same day as the original event, Italians often keep oggi or domani unchanged because the deictic reference is still alive. The conservative italian indirect speech rule (always shift) is the safer choice and is what every Italian grammar textbook teaches.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When does the embedded verb take the subjunctive?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Reported questions usually take the subjunctive when the reporting verb is in a past tense: mi chiese dove fossi, mi domand\u00f2 che cosa stessi facendo. Plain reported statements with dire, sostenere, affermare stay in the indicative. Verbs of doubt or opinion in the reporting clause (credere, pensare, dubitare) trigger the subjunctive even in italian indirect speech: pensava che fosse tardi.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between che and di in italian indirect speech?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Che introduces an explicit clause with a finite verb (Pietro dice che \u00e8 stanco). Di + infinito introduces the implicit form (Pietro dice di essere stanco). Use the implicit when both clauses share the same subject, and the explicit when they do not. With commands, di + infinito is the only choice: gli disse di partire.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is discorso indiretto libero and when do I meet it?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Discorso indiretto libero is a literary technique that blends the character&#8217;s voice with the narrator&#8217;s, without an introducing verb. The tenses are imperfetto and condizionale composto, but interjections and exclamations from the character slip through. You meet it in novels by Pirandello, Verga, Manzoni, Calvino, and in modern literary journalism. As a B2 learner, recognise it when reading; you do not need to produce it actively.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-conditional\/\">Italian Conditional<\/a>: the compound conditional is the workhorse of italian indirect speech future-in-the-past.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subjunctive-tenses\/\">Italian Subjunctive Tenses<\/a>: needed for reported questions and for verbs of doubt in the reporting clause.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/tenses-italian-indicativo-mood\/\">Italian Indicativo Tenses<\/a>: review the consecutio temporum that drives the shift in italian indirect speech.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca<\/a>: institutional source for contested usage in italian indirect speech, including the deixis shift in informal registers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. The italian indirect speech rules tell you how to turn a direct quote into a reported sentence: Pietro said \u00abI&#8217;m tired\u00bb \u2192 Pietro said he was tired. Italian organises this with three coordinated shifts: tenses move backward (consecutio temporum), pronouns shift from first\/second to third, and time-and-place adverbs swap to their reported &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Indirect Speech: Tense Shift, Deixis, Reporting (B2)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-indirect-speech\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Indirect Speech: Tense Shift, Deixis, Reporting (B2)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":15554,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1866],"tags":[1125,1126,1127,982],"class_list":["post-15540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b2","tag-discordo-indiretto","tag-indirect-speech","tag-italian-indirect-speech","tag-italian-sequence-of-tenses","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15540"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61169,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15540\/revisions\/61169"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}