{"id":15185,"date":"2015-09-18T05:23:04","date_gmt":"2015-09-17T20:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=15185"},"modified":"2026-05-15T06:50:44","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T21:50:44","slug":"tenses-italian-indicativo-mood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/tenses-italian-indicativo-mood\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Indicativo Tenses: All 8, Explained for B1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> The Italian <em>indicativo<\/em> is the mood you use when you state something as a fact: it has <strong>eight tenses<\/strong>, four simple and four compound. Italian learners often feel overwhelmed by the count, but once you map each tense to a clear time slot the system becomes navigable. This guide walks through all eight <strong>italian indicativo tenses<\/strong> with real examples and tells you which ones to prioritise at B1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You will see the four simple tenses first (presente, imperfetto, passato remoto, futuro semplice), then the four compound ones (passato prossimo, trapassato prossimo, trapassato remoto, futuro anteriore). Each section explains <em>when<\/em> a native speaker would actually pick that tense, with concrete contexts from a library in Padova to a train station in Lucca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the end of the guide you will know which two italian indicativo tenses you can almost ignore in conversation, which one Italians use more often than English speakers expect, and how to combine them when a sentence stretches across multiple time points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-t gb-headline-text\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What the indicativo mood actually is<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#simple\">The four simple tenses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#compound\">The four compound tenses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#knot\">Passato prossimo vs imperfetto: the famous knot<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#present-future\">When the present is really the future<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#remoto\">Passato remoto: when it actually returns<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sequence\">Sequence of tenses: how Italians stack time<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: all 8 italian indicativo tenses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialogue\">A small dialogue: at the Lucca train station<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What the indicativo mood actually is<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Italian groups its verb forms into several moods. The <em>indicativo<\/em> is the mood you use when you state something as a fact, an observation about reality: <em>Giulia abita a Padova, ieri ha comprato un libro raro, domani partir\u00e0 per Trieste<\/em>. All three sentences sit in the indicativo because the speaker presents them as real events, not as wishes, opinions or hypotheticals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other moods serve other functions. The <em>congiuntivo<\/em> is reserved for opinion, doubt, possibility (<em>penso che Giulia sia a Padova<\/em>). The <em>condizionale<\/em> expresses what would happen under a condition (<em>partirei volentieri se avessi tempo<\/em>). The <em>imperativo<\/em> gives commands (<em>parti subito!<\/em>). The italian indicativo tenses are the workhorse of factual narration and description, which is why they dominate conversation, journalism, and most written prose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The italian indicativo tenses system has eight tenses, divided into <strong>four simple tenses<\/strong> (one verb form) and <strong>four compound tenses<\/strong> (auxiliary <em>essere<\/em> or <em>avere<\/em> plus past participle). For each compound tense, the auxiliary itself sits in one of the simple tenses, which is why Italian&#8217;s verb morphology looks intimidating at first but is actually well organised once you see the pairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"simple\">The four simple tenses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The four simple italian indicativo tenses use a single verb form, no auxiliary. They cover the main time slots of present, past, and future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Presente<\/strong>: actions happening now, habitual actions, general truths, and very frequently a near future. Used everywhere, from a morning routine to a scientific statement.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ogni mattina Giulia <strong>prende<\/strong> il treno per Padova alle sette e dieci.<br><em>Every morning Giulia takes the Padova train at ten past seven.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>In questo periodo Pietro <strong>lavora<\/strong> in una libreria a Lucca.<br><em>Right now Pietro works in a bookshop in Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;acqua <strong>bolle<\/strong> a cento gradi al livello del mare.<br><em>Water boils at one hundred degrees at sea level.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Domani Francesco <strong>parte<\/strong> per Trieste con il treno delle otto.<br><em>Tomorrow Francesco is leaving for Trieste on the eight o&#8217;clock train.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Imperfetto<\/strong>: ongoing or habitual past actions, descriptions of states, scenes, weather, age, background context. The imperfetto sets the stage while another verb does the action.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Da bambino, Francesco <strong>passava<\/strong> le estati a Lucca dai nonni.<br><em>As a child, Francesco used to spend his summers in Lucca with his grandparents.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Quando ci siamo conosciuti, Elena <strong>abitava<\/strong> ancora a Parma e <strong>lavorava<\/strong> in una sartoria.<br><em>When we met, Elena was still living in Parma and working at a tailor&#8217;s shop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ieri <strong>pioveva<\/strong> a dirotto e in centro non si <strong>trovava<\/strong> un parcheggio.<br><em>Yesterday it was pouring rain and there was no parking to be found downtown.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mentre Caterina <strong>preparava<\/strong> la cena, suo fratello le <strong>raccontava<\/strong> della giornata.<br><em>While Caterina was making dinner, her brother was telling her about his day.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Passato remoto<\/strong>: distant or historical past, finished and detached from the present. Common in fiction and biography. In southern Italy and Tuscany also used in everyday speech for past events.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Manzoni <strong>scrisse<\/strong> i Promessi Sposi nel 1827, poi li <strong>revision\u00f2<\/strong> nel 1840.<br><em>Manzoni wrote I Promessi Sposi in 1827, then revised them in 1840.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Garibaldi <strong>sbarc\u00f2<\/strong> a Marsala il giorno undici maggio del 1860.<br><em>Garibaldi landed at Marsala on the eleventh of May 1860.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il vecchio <strong>chiuse<\/strong> il libro, <strong>spense<\/strong> la candela e si <strong>addorment\u00f2<\/strong>.<br><em>The old man closed the book, blew out the candle, and fell asleep.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Quando suo padre <strong>mor\u00ec<\/strong>, Caterina <strong>torn\u00f2<\/strong> a vivere a Lucca dopo dieci anni.<br><em>When her father died, Caterina moved back to Lucca after ten years.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Futuro semplice<\/strong>: actions or states in the future, predictions, formal arrangements. In Italian also a way to express probability about the present (<em>saranno le otto<\/em>, &#8220;it must be around eight&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Domani Caterina <strong>partir\u00e0<\/strong> per Trieste in macchina con il marito.<br><em>Tomorrow Caterina will leave for Trieste by car with her husband.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Il treno per Padova <strong>arriver\u00e0<\/strong> al binario quattro con un ritardo di dieci minuti.<br><em>The Padova train will arrive at platform four with a ten-minute delay.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Domani <strong>piover\u00e0<\/strong> su tutto il nord secondo le previsioni.<br><em>Tomorrow it will rain across the entire north according to the forecast.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A quest&#8217;ora Elena <strong>sar\u00e0<\/strong> gi\u00e0 a casa da Pietro.<br><em>By now Elena must already be at Pietro&#8217;s place.<\/em> (futuro of probability)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>The four simple italian indicativo tenses cover roughly 80 percent of everyday Italian. If you master only these four, plus the passato prossimo from the compound set, you can hold most conversations comfortably.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"compound\">The four compound tenses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The four compound italian indicativo tenses use the auxiliary <em>essere<\/em> or <em>avere<\/em> (in one of the simple tenses) plus the past participle. Each compound tense expresses an action that is finished <strong>relative to<\/strong> another point in time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Passato prossimo<\/strong>: finished past action whose effect or relevance is still felt. Auxiliary <em>essere<\/em> or <em>avere<\/em> in <em>presente<\/em>. Dominant past tense in spoken northern and central Italian.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stamattina Elena <strong>ha trovato<\/strong> un libro raro nella libreria di Pietro.<br><em>This morning Elena found a rare book in Pietro&#8217;s bookshop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ieri sera <strong>siamo andati<\/strong> al cinema a vedere il film di Sorrentino.<br><em>Yesterday evening we went to the cinema to see the Sorrentino film.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;anno scorso Caterina <strong>ha aperto<\/strong> una sartoria in centro a Lucca.<br><em>Last year Caterina opened a tailor&#8217;s shop in central Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Francesco e Giulia <strong>si sono sposati<\/strong> a Trieste in primavera, davanti al mare.<br><em>Francesco and Giulia got married in Trieste in the spring, by the sea.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Trapassato prossimo<\/strong>: action finished before another past action. Auxiliary in <em>imperfetto<\/em>. The closest English equivalent is the past perfect (<em>I had done<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando Matteo \u00e8 arrivato, gli ospiti se ne <strong>erano<\/strong> gi\u00e0 <strong>andati<\/strong>.<br><em>When Matteo arrived, the guests had already left.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro non ha voluto cenare perch\u00e9 <strong>aveva<\/strong> gi\u00e0 <strong>mangiato<\/strong> un panino in libreria.<br><em>Pietro didn&#8217;t want dinner because he had already eaten a sandwich at the bookshop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mi sono accorto solo a met\u00e0 film che <strong>avevo<\/strong> gi\u00e0 <strong>visto<\/strong> quella scena.<br><em>I realised only halfway through the film that I had already seen that scene.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha ritrovato la sciarpa che <strong>aveva perso<\/strong> a Padova due mesi prima.<br><em>Caterina found the scarf she had lost in Padova two months earlier.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Trapassato remoto<\/strong>: action finished immediately before another passato remoto. Auxiliary in <em>passato remoto<\/em>. Almost exclusively literary, typically introduced by <em>appena<\/em>, <em>dopo che<\/em>, <em>quando<\/em>, <em>non appena<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Appena <strong>ebbe finito<\/strong> di parlare, il pubblico applaud\u00ec a lungo.<br><em>As soon as he had finished speaking, the audience applauded at length.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Dopo che <strong>ebbero cenato<\/strong>, i due fratelli uscirono per una passeggiata sul lungomare.<br><em>After they had dined, the two brothers went out for a walk along the seafront.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non appena <strong>fu uscita<\/strong> dalla stanza, tutti ricominciarono a parlare.<br><em>The moment she had left the room, everyone started talking again.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Futuro anteriore<\/strong>: action that will be finished before another future action. Auxiliary in <em>futuro semplice<\/em>. Like the futuro semplice, it can also express probability about the past (<em>sar\u00e0 arrivato alle dieci<\/em>, &#8220;he must have arrived around ten&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando <strong>avrai letto<\/strong> questo libro, io sar\u00f2 gi\u00e0 a Modena.<br><em>By the time you have read this book, I will already be in Modena.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Stasera, dopo che <strong>avremo cenato<\/strong>, possiamo guardare il film insieme.<br><em>Tonight, after we have eaten, we can watch the film together.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Una volta che Francesco <strong>sar\u00e0 arrivato<\/strong> a Trieste, ti far\u00e0 sapere.<br><em>Once Francesco has arrived in Trieste, he will let you know.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>A quest&#8217;ora Pietro <strong>avr\u00e0<\/strong> gi\u00e0 <strong>chiuso<\/strong> la libreria.<br><em>By now Pietro must have already closed the bookshop.<\/em> (futuro anteriore of probability)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Trapassato remoto is the rarest of the eight italian indicativo tenses: outside of fiction set in the nineteenth century or earlier, you will hardly ever encounter it. The other three compound tenses, on the other hand, are everywhere.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-probability\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>A hidden use.<\/strong> Both futuro semplice and futuro anteriore can express probability rather than a real future. <em>Saranno le otto<\/em> means &#8220;it must be around eight&#8221;; <em>avr\u00e0 gi\u00e0 cenato<\/em> means &#8220;he must have already eaten&#8221;. Italians use these forms constantly to guess about the present and the past.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task1-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> For each sentence, identify which of the eight italian indicativo tenses is used.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Domani Pietro andr\u00e0 al mercato di Trieste.<\/li>\n<li>Quando ci siamo conosciuti, io abitavo a Parma.<\/li>\n<li>Stasera, dopo che avremo cenato, usciamo a fare due passi.<\/li>\n<li>Garibaldi sbarc\u00f2 a Marsala nel maggio del 1860.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Futuro semplice (andr\u00e0).<\/p>\n<p>2. Passato prossimo + imperfetto (ci siamo conosciuti \/ abitavo).<\/p>\n<p>3. Futuro anteriore + presente (avremo cenato \/ usciamo: see &#8220;present is really the future&#8221; below).<\/p>\n<p>4. Passato remoto (sbarc\u00f2).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"knot\">Passato prossimo vs imperfetto: the famous knot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you can only fix one thing about your italian indicativo tenses usage, fix this one: the choice between passato prossimo and imperfetto for past events. When choosing between italian indicativo tenses for the past, English students lean too heavily on the passato prossimo because it resembles the English present perfect, and end up with sentences that sound choppy or wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-pp-imp\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>One-sentence rule.<\/strong> Use <strong>passato prossimo<\/strong> for an event that happens and ends; use <strong>imperfetto<\/strong> for a state, description, or habit that fills the background.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mentre <strong>leggevo<\/strong> in biblioteca, Luca <strong>\u00e8 entrato<\/strong> e mi ha salutato.<br><em>While I was reading in the library, Luca came in and greeted me.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;anno scorso d&#8217;estate <strong>andavamo<\/strong> al mercato di Parma ogni sabato.<br><em>Last summer we used to go to the Parma market every Saturday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro <strong>ha aperto<\/strong> la libreria nel 2019; allora <strong>vendeva<\/strong> solo libri di poesia.<br><em>Pietro opened the bookshop in 2019; back then he sold only poetry books.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>The distinction is not about how long ago something happened, despite the names. The passato prossimo can describe an action from many years back (<em>ho letto Dante al liceo<\/em>) and the imperfetto can describe a habit from yesterday (<em>ieri lavoravo<\/em>). What matters is whether the action is a discrete event or a continuous background. For a deeper dive with twenty more examples, the dedicated guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-passato-prossimo-vs-imperfetto-when-to-use-each\/\">passato prossimo vs imperfetto<\/a> walks through every contrast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"present-future\">When the present is really the future<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One quirk of italian indicativo tenses that surprises English speakers: in conversation, Italians frequently use the <strong>presente<\/strong> to talk about a near future, especially with a time adverb. The futuro semplice still exists, but it sounds more deliberate or formal in many everyday contexts.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Domani vado<\/strong> a Modena. (instead of <em>andr\u00f2<\/em>)<br><em>Tomorrow I&#8217;m going to Modena.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Stasera <strong>passo<\/strong> da Caterina dopo cena. (instead of <em>passer\u00f2<\/em>)<br><em>Tonight I&#8217;ll stop by Caterina&#8217;s after dinner.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Quando <strong>arrivi<\/strong> a Trieste? (instead of <em>arriverai<\/em>)<br><em>When will you arrive in Trieste?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>Among italian indicativo tenses, the futuro semplice keeps its full force when the action is genuinely distant or when the speaker wants a hint of formality, prediction, or doubt: <em>il treno arriver\u00e0 alle nove e cinque<\/em>, <em>credo che piover\u00e0<\/em>. But for plans and arrangements, the presente is the more natural choice in spoken Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"remoto\">Passato remoto: when it actually returns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Of all italian indicativo tenses, passato remoto is often described as the &#8220;literary past&#8221;: you find it in novels, history books, and biographies. That description is half true. In Tuscany and the south of Italy (Naples, Sicily, Puglia, Calabria), the passato remoto is also alive in everyday speech. A Sicilian friend may tell you <em>ieri andai al mare<\/em>, while a friend from Bergamo will always use <em>sono andato<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two contexts where you will definitely meet the passato remoto, regardless of region:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Historical writing.<\/strong> Dante <strong>nacque<\/strong> a Firenze nel 1265 e <strong>mor\u00ec<\/strong> a Ravenna nel 1321.<br><em>Dante was born in Florence in 1265 and died in Ravenna in 1321.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Narrative fiction.<\/strong> Il vecchio <strong>chiuse<\/strong> il libro, <strong>spense<\/strong> la candela e si <strong>addorment\u00f2<\/strong>.<br><em>The old man closed the book, blew out the candle and fell asleep.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>If you focus on receptive understanding rather than active production, you will be fine at B1: recognise this rarest of italian indicativo tenses when you read, but feel free to use the passato prossimo when you speak (unless you live in a passato remoto region). For the modern narrative use of imperfetto in newspapers, see our companion guide on the <a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-narrative-imperfect-why-newspapers-say-nasceva-instead-of-nacque\/\">narrative imperfect<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-remoto\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Regional tip.<\/strong> If your Italian conversation partner is from Sicily, Naples, Puglia, Calabria or Tuscany, expect passato remoto for events that happened yesterday. From everyone else, expect passato prossimo even for events forty years old.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sequence\">Sequence of tenses: how Italians stack time<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Real conversations in italian rarely sit in a single tense, and italian indicativo tenses are designed to handle exactly this complexity. When two events anchor a sentence in different time slots, italian indicativo tenses cooperate via the <em>concordanza dei tempi<\/em>, the sequence of tenses. The trapassato prossimo and futuro anteriore both exist exactly for this purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando ti <strong>ho chiamato<\/strong>, tu <strong>eri<\/strong> gi\u00e0 uscito di casa.<br><em>When I called you, you had already left the house.<\/em><br>(Passato prossimo for the call, trapassato prossimo for the earlier departure.)<\/li>\n<li>Stasera, dopo che <strong>avrai finito<\/strong> i compiti, possiamo guardare un film.<br><em>Tonight, after you&#8217;ve finished your homework, we can watch a film.<\/em><br>(Futuro anteriore for the earlier future event, presente with future meaning for the later one.)<\/li>\n<li>Mentre Giulia <strong>preparava<\/strong> la cena, suo fratello <strong>aveva<\/strong> gi\u00e0 <strong>apparecchiato<\/strong> la tavola.<br><em>While Giulia was preparing dinner, her brother had already set the table.<\/em><br>(Imperfetto + trapassato prossimo.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>This stacking is what the dedicated quiz at the end of the guide tests. Italian uses it constantly in subordinate clauses introduced by <em>quando, dopo che, mentre, appena, prima che<\/em>, and similar connectors.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task2-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Pick the right tense for each gap (passato prossimo, imperfetto, trapassato prossimo, futuro anteriore).<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando Pietro \u00e8 arrivato alla libreria, Elena (uscire) ____ gi\u00e0.<\/li>\n<li>Mentre Francesco (leggere) ____, Luca lo ha chiamato.<\/li>\n<li>Domani, appena (finire) ____ di lavorare, ti telefono.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. era uscita (trapassato prossimo, earlier than &#8220;\u00e8 arrivato&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>2. leggeva (imperfetto, background to the foreground &#8220;ha chiamato&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>3. avr\u00f2 finito (futuro anteriore, earlier than the future &#8220;ti telefono&#8221;).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: all 8 italian indicativo tenses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One table, all eight italian indicativo tenses, with a typical use case for each.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Tense<\/th><th>Type<\/th><th>Main use<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Presente<\/td><td>simple<\/td><td>Now, habit, near future<\/td><td>Giulia <em>prende<\/em> il treno<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Imperfetto<\/td><td>simple<\/td><td>Past habit, description, background<\/td><td>Francesco <em>passava<\/em> le estati a Lucca<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Passato remoto<\/td><td>simple<\/td><td>Distant or historical past<\/td><td>Manzoni <em>scrisse<\/em> nel 1827<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Futuro semplice<\/td><td>simple<\/td><td>Future, prediction<\/td><td>Caterina <em>partir\u00e0<\/em> domani<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Passato prossimo<\/td><td>compound<\/td><td>Finished event, present relevance<\/td><td>Elena <em>ha trovato<\/em> un libro raro<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Trapassato prossimo<\/td><td>compound<\/td><td>Past before another past<\/td><td>Gli ospiti <em>se ne erano andati<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Trapassato remoto<\/td><td>compound<\/td><td>Literary past before passato remoto<\/td><td>Appena <em>ebbe finito<\/em>, applaud\u00ec<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Futuro anteriore<\/td><td>compound<\/td><td>Future before another future<\/td><td>Quando <em>avrai letto<\/em>, sar\u00f2 a Modena<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Three errors in italian indicativo tenses show up over and over in B1 essays. Fixing them is the fastest way to make your italian indicativo tenses sound idiomatic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Using passato prossimo for what should be imperfetto. Sentence: <em>quando ero bambino, ho vissuto a Trieste per dieci anni<\/em>. Correct: <em>quando ero bambino, vivevo a Trieste per dieci anni<\/em>. The verb describes a state, not a discrete event, so imperfetto wins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Avoiding the trapassato prossimo. English speakers often default to passato prossimo even when the action is clearly anterior to another past event. <em>Quando sono arrivata, lui \u00e8 uscito<\/em> is ambiguous; <em>quando sono arrivata, lui era gi\u00e0 uscito<\/em> is precise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Using futuro semplice where Italian wants futuro anteriore. <em>Dopo che finir\u00f2 di leggere, ti chiamo<\/em> is wrong; the correct sentence is <em>dopo che avr\u00f2 finito di leggere, ti chiamo<\/em>, because the first event is anterior to the second future event. After connectors like <em>dopo che, appena, quando, una volta che<\/em> with a future main clause, the subordinate verb wants the futuro anteriore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"auxiliary\">Picking the right auxiliary: essere or avere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The four compound italian indicativo tenses (passato prossimo, trapassato prossimo, trapassato remoto, futuro anteriore) all need an auxiliary. The choice between <em>essere<\/em> and <em>avere<\/em> in italian indicativo tenses is not random, and getting it wrong is one of the markers that immediately flags a B1 speaker. Two patterns guide the decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Avere<\/strong>, the most common auxiliary in italian indicativo tenses, goes with transitive verbs (the ones that can take a direct object) and with most intransitive verbs of activity. <em>Ho letto un libro, ho mangiato il panino, ho dormito otto ore, ho lavorato fino a tardi<\/em>. The past participle stays in masculine singular, regardless of who the subject is: <em>Giulia ha mangiato<\/em>, <em>i bambini hanno mangiato<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Essere<\/strong> is the second auxiliary used by italian indicativo tenses for verbs of motion and change of state (<em>andare, venire, partire, arrivare, entrare, uscire, salire, scendere, nascere, morire, diventare<\/em>), with all reflexive verbs (<em>alzarsi, lavarsi, vestirsi<\/em>), and with the verb <em>essere<\/em> itself. The past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number: <em>Giulia \u00e8 partita<\/em>, <em>i bambini sono partiti<\/em>, <em>le ragazze si sono alzate presto<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A small but useful subset: verbs of state and existence (<em>stare, restare, rimanere, durare, esistere<\/em>) also take essere. <em>Sono rimasto a casa, \u00e8 durato tre ore<\/em>. And a handful of verbs flip auxiliary depending on whether they have an object: <em>ho corso una maratona<\/em> (with object, transitive, avere) but <em>sono corso a casa<\/em> (no object, motion, essere). Same logic for <em>vivere<\/em>: <em>ho vissuto a Trieste<\/em> or <em>sono vissuto a Trieste<\/em>, both correct, the first slightly more common in conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Modal verbs (<em>dovere, potere, volere<\/em>) in italian indicativo tenses traditionally borrow the auxiliary of the verb they accompany: <em>ho dovuto lavorare<\/em> (lavorare wants avere) but <em>sono dovuta partire<\/em> (partire wants essere). In modern usage you will hear <em>ho dovuto partire<\/em> too, and both are now accepted. The same pattern applies to <em>sapere<\/em> used as a modal: <em>non ho saputo rispondere<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialogue\">A small dialogue: at the Lucca train station<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Allora, a che ora arrivi a Lucca? Ho controllato e il treno delle dieci e venti \u00e8 in ritardo di mezz&#8217;ora.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Matteo:<\/strong> S\u00ec, l&#8217;ho visto. Ieri sera, quando ho prenotato, il treno era ancora puntuale. Adesso a quanto pare \u00e8 gi\u00e0 partito da Firenze con quaranta minuti di ritardo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Vabb\u00e8, non c&#8217;\u00e8 fretta. Quando arrivi, io sar\u00f2 gi\u00e0 al bar dentro la stazione. Ho prenotato un tavolo per pranzo da Stefano dentro le mura, ma alle tredici.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Matteo:<\/strong> Perfetto. L&#8217;ultima volta che siamo stati da Stefano, mangiavamo i tordelli lucchesi e pioveva da matti. Mi ricordo che siamo usciti zuppi.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Esatto, era ottobre. Oggi invece c&#8217;\u00e8 il sole, possiamo girare a piedi in centro dopo pranzo. Avevo pensato di portarti a vedere quella libreria nuova di Pietro, che ha aperto a febbraio.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Matteo:<\/strong> Ho letto un articolo su quella libreria la settimana scorsa, mi sembra che vendano anche libri antichi. Quando avremo finito da Stefano, andiamo l\u00ec subito.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Bene. Aspetta, mi sembra di sentire l&#8217;altoparlante. Forse hanno annunciato qualcosa sul ritardo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc71\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f <strong>Matteo:<\/strong> Speriamo che dicano che il treno ha recuperato. Comunque, qualunque cosa succeda, ti vedo entro l&#8217;una.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Count the italian indicativo tenses Caterina and Matteo cycle through in two minutes of conversation: presente (<em>arrivi, sono, c&#8217;\u00e8<\/em>), passato prossimo (<em>ho controllato, ho prenotato, \u00e8 partito, ha aperto, ho letto<\/em>), imperfetto (<em>era, mangiavamo, pioveva<\/em>), futuro semplice (<em>sar\u00f2<\/em>), futuro anteriore (<em>avremo finito<\/em>), trapassato prossimo (<em>avevo pensato<\/em>). All without a single complicated thought.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-challenge-ind\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Write a short paragraph (4 to 6 sentences) about your last weekend, using at least four different italian indicativo tenses. Try to combine passato prossimo with imperfetto (foreground vs background) and to include one trapassato prossimo for a past-before-past event.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ready to test the italian indicativo tenses in context? 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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_resultTable\">\n                    <table>\n                        <tbody>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Average score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <tr>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Your score<\/td>\n                            <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                <div style=\"background-color: #F79646;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                            <\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                        <\/tbody>\n                    <\/table>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"0\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Not categorized<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[contact-form-7 id=&#8221;15171&#8243; title=&#8221;trial due colonne&#8221;]<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">La concordanza dei tempi<\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Indicativo<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Frase principale al presente<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Seleziona le frasi corrette e controlla il tuo punteggio<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Potrebbero essere tutte giuste o tutte sbagliate. Fai attenzione.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"337\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Ti assicuro che la prossima volta non arriver\u00f2 in ritardo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Ti assicuro che la prossima volta non sarei arrivato in ritardo.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Leggo ogni giorno le email che mi mandi.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Leggo ogni giorno le email che mi manderai.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Mentre finisco di cucinare, potresti apparecchiare il tavolo?                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Mentre finisco di cucinare, puoi apparecchiare il tavolo?\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> So che Federico si \u00e8 sposato questo mese.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> So che Federico si sarebbe sposato questo mese.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Daria dice che parla il russo ma non l&#039;ho mai sentita.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Daria dice che parla il russo ma non l'avevo mai sentita.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Siamo preoccupati perch\u00e9 Luigi non torna a casa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_337\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Siamo preoccupati perch\u00e9 Luigi non tornava a casa.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u2611\u00a0Controlla le risposte giuste e finisci il quiz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u2611\u00a0Controlla le risposte giuste e finisci il quiz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">La concordanza dei tempi<\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Indicativo<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Frase principale al passato<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"338\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Sapevo che Mario sarebbe tornato il prossimo fine settimana.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Sapevo che Mario tornerebbe il prossimo fine settimana.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Nessuno mi ha detto che ti saresti sposato.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Nessuno mi ha detto che ti sposerai.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Laura ha detto che aveva gi\u00e0 visto quel film.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Laura ha detto che ha gi\u00e0 visto quel film.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Ho sentito che l&#039;anno prossimo aumenter\u00e0 il prezzo della benzina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Ho sentito che l'anno prossimo aumentasse il prezzo della benzina.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Eravamo sicuri che il concerto sarebbe stato fantastico.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_338\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Eravamo sicuri che il concerto sarebbe fantastico.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u2611\u00a0Controlla le risposte giuste e finisci il quiz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u2611\u00a0Controlla le risposte giuste e finisci il quiz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>3<\/span> of <span>3<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>3<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h1 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">La concordanza dei tempi<\/h1>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Indicativo<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Frase principale al presente, passato o futuro<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"339\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Sono sicuro che mio fratello passer\u00e0 l&#039;esame.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Sono sicuro che mio fratello ha passato l&#039;esame.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Sono sicuro che mio fratello passasse l'esame.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Questa \u00e8 la maglietta che compravo in vacanza in Grecia.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Questa \u00e8 la maglietta che ho comprato in vacanza in Grecia.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Questa \u00e8 la maglietta che avevo comprato in vacanza in Grecia.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Sar\u00f2 soddisfatto solo quando mi chiederai scusa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Sar\u00f2 soddisfatto solo quando mi avrai chiesto scusa.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_339\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Sar\u00f2 soddisfatto solo quando mi chiedi scusa.\r\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                            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none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u2611\u00a0Controlla le risposte giuste e finisci il quiz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"blink_text\" style=\"font-size: 28pt; color: #ff0000;\">\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" 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The answers below draw on real usage and on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/indicativo_%28La-grammatica-italiana%29\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Treccani entry on the indicativo mood<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Passato prossimo or passato remoto in spoken Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In northern and central Italy outside Tuscany, the passato prossimo dominates spoken language for any past event, whether yesterday or fifty years ago. In Tuscany and the south (Naples, Sicily, Puglia, Calabria), the passato remoto is alive in everyday speech for distant past events. As a B1 learner, the passato prossimo is the safe choice in conversation; you only need passato remoto for reading literature and history.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When is the trapassato remoto actually used?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Almost never in modern conversation. The trapassato remoto appears in literary texts and historical writing, in subordinate clauses introduced by appena, dopo che, non appena, quando, where the main verb is in the passato remoto. Example: appena ebbe finito di parlare, il pubblico applaud\u00ec. If you are not writing fiction set before 1900, you can safely ignore it in active production and focus on recognising it when you read.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does Italian have 8 indicativo tenses but English only uses about 4?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The eight italian indicativo tenses encode time and aspect more granularly. English compensates with auxiliaries (had been doing, will have done) and adverbs (used to, would). Italian uses dedicated verb forms instead: imperfetto for habits and ongoing past, trapassato prossimo for past before past, futuro anteriore for future before future. The total amount of meaning expressed is similar, only the packaging differs.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can the presente really express a future action?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, and it does so constantly in spoken Italian, especially with a time adverb (domani, stasera, fra un&#8217;ora) or in subordinate clauses (quando arrivi, telefonami). The futuro semplice still carries weight for genuinely distant future, predictions, or formal contexts. Compare: domani vado a Modena (everyday plan) vs il presidente arriver\u00e0 alle dieci (formal announcement). Both are correct; register and proximity decide.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the narrative imperfetto and how does it differ from the regular one?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Among italian indicativo tenses, the narrative imperfetto (imperfetto narrativo) is a stylistic use of the imperfetto for a discrete, finished past event, typical of journalism and crime news. Example: il ladro entrava dalla finestra alle tre di notte (instead of entr\u00f2 or \u00e8 entrato). Grammatically it looks like a regular imperfetto, but the action is punctual, not ongoing. It creates a vivid, cinematic effect and is increasingly common in Italian newspapers.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-passato-prossimo-vs-imperfetto-when-to-use-each\/\">Italian Passato Prossimo vs Imperfetto: When to Use Each<\/a>: the dedicated deep dive on the most frequent decision in italian indicativo tenses.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-trapassato-prossimo-the-past-of-the-past-explained-for-a2-b1\/\">Italian Trapassato Prossimo<\/a>: the past of the past, with twenty real-life examples.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-narrative-imperfect-why-newspapers-say-nasceva-instead-of-nacque\/\">Italian Narrative Imperfect<\/a>: why journalists pick imperfetto over passato remoto for crime news.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.accademiadellacrusca.it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca<\/a>: institutional source for contested usage and historical evolution of italian indicativo tenses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. The Italian indicativo is the mood you use when you state something as a fact: it has eight tenses, four simple and four compound. Italian learners often feel overwhelmed by the count, but once you map each tense to a clear time slot the system becomes navigable. This guide walks through all &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Indicativo Tenses: All 8, Explained for B1\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/tenses-italian-indicativo-mood\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Indicativo Tenses: All 8, Explained for B1\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":15200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1865],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b1","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15185"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60069,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15185\/revisions\/60069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}