{"id":14836,"date":"2015-07-24T03:31:34","date_gmt":"2015-07-23T18:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=14836"},"modified":"2026-05-25T20:46:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T11:46:15","slug":"italian-connettivi-connectors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-connettivi-connectors\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Connettivi: Connectors by Function and Register (B2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <strong>Italian connettivi<\/strong> are the connectors that make Italian sentences flow: conjunctions, adverbs, prepositions, and fixed expressions that link words, clauses, and ideas. They are classified by function (time, cause, consequence, purpose, contrast, concession, condition, doubt, inclusion, exclusion, structure) and by syntactic role (coordinating vs subordinating). This master hub walks through all the major families, the most useful members of each, and the register traps that separate written Italian from spoken Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You won&#8217;t memorise all the italian connettivi at once. The aim of this guide is to give you a working map: when you need to express a contrast, a result, a condition, you&#8217;ll know which family to reach into and which member is most natural in your register.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-con\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-con gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What italian connettivi are<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#coord-vs-sub\">Coordinating vs subordinating<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tempo\">Connettivi di tempo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#causa\">Connettivi di causa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conseguenza\">Connettivi di conseguenza<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#scopo\">Connettivi di scopo (finali)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#contrasto\">Connettivi di contrasto (avversativi)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#concessione\">Connettivi di concessione<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#condizione\">Connettivi di condizione<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#copulativi-dichiarativi\">Copulativi, dichiarativi, correlativi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#struttura\">Connettivi di struttura del discorso<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian connettivi by function<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: organising a literary event<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What italian connettivi are<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian connettivi are linking elements that establish a logical relation between two parts of a sentence or between two sentences. They are not a single grammatical class: a connettivo can be a conjunction (<em>e, ma, perch\u00e9<\/em>), an adverb (<em>quindi, infatti, tuttavia<\/em>), a preposition (<em>per, di<\/em> in some uses), or a fixed phrase (<em>d&#8217;altra parte, a patto che, dal momento che<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What unites them is their job: they make the logical bones of a paragraph visible. Without italian connettivi, every clause floats on its own and the reader has to guess the relation. With connettivi, the cause, the contrast, the result, the condition become explicit. At B2 level, you stop accumulating vocabulary and start mastering the joints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian classifies connettivi in two ways. By syntactic role (coordinating, which link elements of equal rank, vs subordinating, which introduce a dependent clause). And by semantic function (time, cause, consequence, contrast, etc.). The semantic classification is what you use when you write; the syntactic classification matters mostly for the mood (subordinating connectors often govern the subjunctive).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"coord-vs-sub\">Coordinating vs subordinating<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Coordinating italian connettivi link two elements of the same syntactic rank: two nouns, two verbs, two clauses both at the main-clause level. The classic ones: <em>e, ma, o, anzi, infatti, cio\u00e8, quindi<\/em>. Subordinating connettivi introduce a clause that depends on another: <em>perch\u00e9, se, quando, bench\u00e9, affinch\u00e9, dato che<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Coordinating: Pietro vende libri <strong>e<\/strong> Caterina cuce vestiti.<br><em>Pietro sells books and Caterina sews dresses.<\/em> (two equal main clauses)<\/li>\n<li>Subordinating: Pietro ha chiuso la libreria <strong>perch\u00e9<\/strong> stava arrivando un temporale.<br><em>Pietro closed the bookshop because a storm was coming.<\/em> (the second clause depends on the first)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why does the distinction matter? Because subordinating connectors often impose a specific mood on the dependent clause. <em>Affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, bench\u00e9<\/em> always trigger the subjunctive; <em>perch\u00e9, dato che, dal momento che<\/em> take the indicative for cause but the subjunctive for purpose. Coordinating connectors never govern a mood: each side of the connector keeps its own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tempo\">Connettivi di tempo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Time italian connettivi locate one action with respect to another in time: before, after, while, until, since, as soon as, once. They are usually subordinating (they introduce a dependent clause) and take the indicative except in a few cases with the future or hypothetical contexts.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>prima di<\/strong> + infinito: Prima di aprire la libreria, Pietro controlla sempre i nuovi arrivi.<br><em>Before opening the bookshop, Pietro always checks the new arrivals.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>dopo<\/strong> + infinito composto: Dopo avere chiuso la sartoria, Caterina passa al mercato di Lucca.<br><em>After closing the tailor shop, Caterina stops by the Lucca market.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>mentre<\/strong>: Mentre Caterina cuciva, Elena sceglieva i bottoni dalla scatola.<br><em>While Caterina was sewing, Elena was picking buttons from the box.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>finch\u00e9 (non)<\/strong>: Finch\u00e9 ci sar\u00e0 bel tempo, rester\u00f2 al mare a Forte dei Marmi.<br><em>As long as the weather is good, I&#8217;ll stay at the sea in Forte dei Marmi.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>(non) appena<\/strong>: Ti scriver\u00f2 non appena avr\u00f2 finito di leggere il romanzo di Pennacchi.<br><em>I&#8217;ll write to you as soon as I&#8217;ve finished reading the Pennacchi novel.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>una volta che<\/strong>: Una volta che avremo finito il trasloco, organizzeremo una cena per gli amici.<br><em>Once we&#8217;ve finished moving, we&#8217;ll organise a dinner for our friends.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>da quando<\/strong>: Da quando Pietro ha aperto il secondo negozio a Pisa, lavora dodici ore al giorno.<br><em>Since Pietro opened the second store in Pisa, he works twelve hours a day.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two patterns to remember. <em>Prima di<\/em> takes the infinitive (<em>prima di mangiare<\/em>); <em>dopo<\/em> takes the past infinitive (<em>dopo avere mangiato<\/em>). English uses the gerund in both cases (before\/after eating); Italian splits them. <em>Finch\u00e9<\/em> can mean &#8220;until&#8221; or &#8220;as long as&#8221; depending on whether you imply the end of the action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"causa\">Connettivi di causa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cause italian connettivi explain why something happens. They divide neatly by position (cause first or main clause first) and register (formal vs spoken). All take the indicative; the subjunctive appears only in the <em>non perch\u00e9&#8230; ma perch\u00e9<\/em> rejection pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>perch\u00e9<\/strong> (after main, spoken+written): Resto a casa perch\u00e9 piove a dirotto.<br><em>I&#8217;m staying home because it&#8217;s pouring rain.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>siccome<\/strong> (before main, spoken): Siccome Caterina non aveva tempo, Pietro \u00e8 andato lui al mercato.<br><em>Since Caterina didn&#8217;t have time, Pietro went to the market himself.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>poich\u00e9<\/strong> (before main, written): Poich\u00e9 il treno per Modena era cancellato, Matteo \u00e8 arrivato in macchina.<br><em>Since the train to Modena was cancelled, Matteo came by car.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>dato che, visto che, dal momento che<\/strong> (flexible position): Dato che fa troppo caldo, le biblioteche di Lucca sono piene di studenti tutto il giorno.<br><em>Given that it&#8217;s too hot, the Lucca libraries are full of students all day.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>a causa di \/ per colpa di<\/strong> + sostantivo: A causa della neve, il volo per Roma \u00e8 stato cancellato.<br><em>Because of the snow, the flight to Rome was cancelled.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For full coverage of the causal family (including <em>in quanto, ch\u00e9<\/em> after imperatives, and the <em>non perch\u00e9 + subjunctive<\/em> pattern), see our dedicated Italian Causal Clauses guide. Here the focus is the family itself, not the depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conseguenza\">Connettivi di conseguenza<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consequence italian connettivi mark a result of what was said before. English uses &#8220;so&#8221;, &#8220;therefore&#8221;, &#8220;hence&#8221;; Italian has a rich family across registers.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>quindi<\/strong> (everyday): Pietro ha chiuso la libreria, quindi non sono riuscita a comprare il libro.<br><em>Pietro closed the bookshop, so I couldn&#8217;t buy the book.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>perci\u00f2<\/strong> (everyday, slightly formal): Avevo fame, perci\u00f2 ho cucinato qualcosa al volo.<br><em>I was hungry, so I cooked something quickly.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>dunque<\/strong> (formal, conclusive): Le prove sono chiare, dunque la giuria ha emesso il verdetto.<br><em>The evidence is clear, therefore the jury has issued the verdict.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>pertanto<\/strong> (formal, bureaucratic): La domanda \u00e8 stata presentata in ritardo, pertanto non sar\u00e0 accolta.<br><em>The application was submitted late, therefore it will not be accepted.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>sicch\u00e9 \/ cosicch\u00e9<\/strong> (mixed register): Ho dimenticato il portafoglio, sicch\u00e9 sono dovuta tornare a casa.<br><em>I forgot my wallet, so I had to go back home.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>allora<\/strong> (colloquial, conversational): Allora andiamo a cena fuori stasera?<br><em>So, shall we go out for dinner tonight?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-conseg\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Register ladder.<\/strong> Italian consequence connettivi line up by register: <em>allora<\/em> (most casual) \u2192 <em>quindi<\/em> \u2192 <em>perci\u00f2<\/em> \u2192 <em>sicch\u00e9<\/em> \u2192 <em>dunque<\/em> \u2192 <em>pertanto<\/em> (most formal). For a B2 essay, default to <em>quindi<\/em> or <em>dunque<\/em>; for spoken chat, <em>allora<\/em> works in 80% of cases.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scopo\">Connettivi di scopo (finali)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Purpose italian connettivi explain the goal of the main action. Subordinating connectors here govern the subjunctive; preposition-style ones take the infinitive.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>perch\u00e9<\/strong> + subjunctive (everyday): Pietro ha aperto la libreria alle sette perch\u00e9 gli studenti potessero comprare i testi.<br><em>Pietro opened the bookshop at seven so that the students could buy the textbooks.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>affinch\u00e9<\/strong> + subjunctive (formal): Caterina ha cucito di notte affinch\u00e9 il vestito fosse pronto per sabato.<br><em>Caterina sewed at night so that the dress would be ready for Saturday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>per<\/strong> + infinito (same subject): Francesco \u00e8 venuto a Lucca per consegnare il manoscritto a Pietro.<br><em>Francesco came to Lucca to deliver the manuscript to Pietro.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>al fine di \/ allo scopo di<\/strong> + infinito (formal): Ho ridotto le ore di lavoro al fine di dedicarmi alla scrittura.<br><em>I cut my work hours in order to focus on writing.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>in modo da \/ in modo che<\/strong>: Parla lentamente in modo che tutti possano capirti.<br><em>Speak slowly so that everyone can understand you.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"contrasto\">Connettivi di contrasto (avversativi)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contrast italian connettivi mark an opposition between two statements. They are mostly coordinating (no mood change), with the exception of concessive forms (next section).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ma<\/strong> (basic, neutral): Mio padre ha molti libri, ma legge poco.<br><em>My father has many books, but he reads little.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>per\u00f2<\/strong> (spoken, soft): Nevica, per\u00f2 non fa molto freddo.<br><em>It&#8217;s snowing, but it&#8217;s not very cold.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>tuttavia<\/strong> (formal): Sei sempre stato poco gentile con me, tuttavia ti aiuter\u00f2.<br><em>You&#8217;ve never been kind to me, however I&#8217;ll help you.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>eppure<\/strong> (surprise): Faccio del mio meglio per cucinare bene, eppure i miei piatti sono pessimi.<br><em>I do my best to cook well, and yet my dishes are awful.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>anzi<\/strong> (correction): Vorrei una casa al mare, anzi due!<br><em>I&#8217;d like a beach house, actually two!<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>invece<\/strong> (replacement): Pensavo di avere il serbatoio pieno, invece era quasi vuoto.<br><em>I thought the tank was full, instead it was almost empty.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>bens\u00ec<\/strong> (precision): Pietro non \u00e8 uno scrittore, bens\u00ec un libraio.<br><em>Pietro is not a writer, but rather a bookseller.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>al contrario<\/strong>: Io non ho finito l&#8217;universit\u00e0, al contrario di te.<br><em>I didn&#8217;t finish university, unlike you.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"concessione\">Connettivi di concessione<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concessive italian connettivi mark something true that does not stop the main clause from happening. Most of them govern the subjunctive; only <em>anche se<\/em> takes the indicative.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>anche se<\/strong> + indicativo: Anche se faceva freddo, Caterina \u00e8 andata al mercato di Lucca come ogni marted\u00ec.<br><em>Even though it was cold, Caterina went to the Lucca market as every Tuesday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>bench\u00e9<\/strong> + congiuntivo: Bench\u00e9 il treno per Modena fosse in ritardo, Matteo \u00e8 arrivato prima di pranzo.<br><em>Although the train to Modena was late, Matteo arrived before lunch.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>sebbene<\/strong> + congiuntivo: Sebbene Francesco fosse stanco, ha tenuto la conferenza con energia.<br><em>Although Francesco was tired, he gave the conference with energy.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>nonostante<\/strong> + congiuntivo: Nonostante avesse perso il treno, Elena \u00e8 arrivata in tempo grazie a un taxi.<br><em>Despite missing the train, Elena arrived on time thanks to a taxi.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>malgrado<\/strong> + congiuntivo: Malgrado le difficolt\u00e0, Pietro ha aperto il secondo negozio a Pisa.<br><em>Despite the difficulties, Pietro opened the second store in Pisa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>pur<\/strong> + gerundio: Pur essendo timida, Caterina ha presentato la nuova collezione davanti a cento clienti.<br><em>Although shy, Caterina presented the new collection in front of one hundred customers.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"condizione\">Connettivi di condizione<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conditional italian connettivi introduce a condition under which the main clause holds. The basic one is <em>se<\/em>; the rest are more specific.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>se<\/strong> (basic): Se domani piove, restiamo a casa.<br><em>If it rains tomorrow, we&#8217;ll stay home.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>purch\u00e9<\/strong> + congiuntivo (minimum condition): Ti accompagno alla stazione purch\u00e9 tu mi offra il caff\u00e8.<br><em>I&#8217;ll drive you to the station provided you buy me a coffee.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>a patto che<\/strong> + congiuntivo (negotiation): Vi affitto la villa a patto che mi paghiate in anticipo.<br><em>I&#8217;ll rent you the villa on condition that you pay me in advance.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>a condizione che<\/strong> + congiuntivo (strict): L&#8217;assicurazione paga a condizione che la denuncia arrivi entro 48 ore.<br><em>The insurance pays on condition that the claim arrives within 48 hours.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>qualora<\/strong> + congiuntivo (formal): Qualora venissi a Lucca, passa pure dalla libreria di Pietro.<br><em>Should you come to Lucca, do stop by Pietro&#8217;s bookshop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>nel caso che<\/strong> + congiuntivo: Nel caso che il treno sia in ritardo, ti aspetto al bar della stazione.<br><em>In case the train is late, I&#8217;ll wait for you at the station caf\u00e9.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copulativi-dichiarativi\">Copulativi, dichiarativi, correlativi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three more families of italian connettivi worth grouping together because they are all coordinating and very common in everyday writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Copulativi<\/strong> (addition): <em>e, anche, pure, inoltre, in pi\u00f9, oltre a<\/em>. They simply add another element.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pietro vende libri e organizza presentazioni con autori toscani.<br><em>Pietro sells books and organises events with Tuscan authors.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Caterina parla francese, e anche un po&#8217; di spagnolo.<br><em>Caterina speaks French, and also some Spanish.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dichiarativi<\/strong> (explanation): <em>cio\u00e8, ossia, vale a dire, in altre parole, infatti, difatti, in effetti, in realt\u00e0<\/em>. They unpack or specify what was just said.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ci vediamo il 19 agosto, cio\u00e8 il mercoled\u00ec prossimo.<br><em>We&#8217;ll meet on August 19th, that is, next Wednesday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Marina \u00e8 la moglie di mio fratello, ossia mia cognata.<br><em>Marina is my brother&#8217;s wife, in other words my sister-in-law.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Sembrava che Flavio non avesse studiato, ma in realt\u00e0 si era impegnato molto.<br><em>It seemed that Flavio hadn&#8217;t studied, but actually he had worked hard.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Correlativi<\/strong> (paired): <em>sia&#8230; sia, o&#8230; o, n\u00e9&#8230; n\u00e9, non solo&#8230; ma anche<\/em>. They link two elements in parallel.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sia Caterina sia Elena hanno partecipato alla giuria del premio letterario.<br><em>Both Caterina and Elena took part in the literary prize jury.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non solo Pietro vende libri, ma anche organizza presentazioni mensili.<br><em>Not only does Pietro sell books, but he also organises monthly events.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Stasera non ho mangiato n\u00e9 bevuto: sono troppo stanca.<br><em>Tonight I haven&#8217;t eaten or drunk anything: I&#8217;m too tired.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-sia\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Sia&#8230; sia or sia&#8230; che?<\/strong> The Accademia della Crusca recommends <em>sia&#8230; sia<\/em> for parallel correlative italian connettivi. <em>Sia&#8230; che<\/em> is widely used in conversation but considered less elegant in formal writing. In a B2 exam essay, write <em>sia&#8230; sia<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"struttura\">Connettivi di struttura del discorso<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last family of italian connettivi organises the discourse itself: how you open, develop, summarise, conclude. These are the connectors that make an essay or a presentation feel structured rather than rambling.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Apertura<\/strong>: <em>per cominciare, innanzitutto, in primo luogo<\/em>. Per cominciare, vorrei ringraziare gli organizzatori.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sequenza<\/strong>: <em>poi, in seguito, successivamente, dopodich\u00e9<\/em>. Poi parleremo dei finalisti del premio.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aggiunta<\/strong>: <em>inoltre, in pi\u00f9, peraltro, d&#8217;altronde<\/em>. Inoltre, la libreria offre uno sconto del dieci per cento.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esempio<\/strong>: <em>per esempio, ad esempio, come dimostrato<\/em>. Per esempio, Pennacchi ha vinto lo Strega nel 2010.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Riformulazione<\/strong>: <em>in altre parole, ossia, vale a dire<\/em>. In altre parole, abbiamo bisogno di pi\u00f9 tempo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conclusione<\/strong>: <em>per concludere, infine, in sintesi, riassumendo<\/em>. Per concludere, ringrazio Pietro per l&#8217;ospitalit\u00e0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Pick the right italian connettivi for each sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>___ il treno per Modena era cancellato, Matteo \u00e8 arrivato in macchina. (Siccome \/ Perci\u00f2)<\/li>\n<li>Pietro ha chiuso la libreria, ___ non ho potuto comprare il libro. (perci\u00f2 \/ poich\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>Caterina ha lavorato di notte ___ il vestito fosse pronto per sabato. (affinch\u00e9 \/ dato che)<\/li>\n<li>___ faceva freddo, siamo andati a fare la passeggiata sulle mura. (Anche se \/ Perch\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>Ci vediamo alle otto, ___ alle venti in punto. (cio\u00e8 \/ quindi)<\/li>\n<li>___ il film \u00e8 bello, ___ il libro \u00e8 migliore. (Sia&#8230; sia \/ O&#8230; o)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Siccome (causale, cause-first) \u00b7 2. perci\u00f2 (consecutivo) \u00b7 3. affinch\u00e9 (finale + cong.) \u00b7 4. Anche se (concessivo + ind.) \u00b7 5. cio\u00e8 (dichiarativo) \u00b7 6. Sia&#8230; sia (correlativo)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian connettivi by function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table to map every function to its most useful italian connettivi. Keep it open while drafting your next paragraph in Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Function<\/th><th>Main connectors<\/th><th>Mood \/ structure<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Tempo<\/td><td>prima di, dopo, mentre, finch\u00e9, non appena, da quando, una volta che<\/td><td>indicativo (futuro for posteriority)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Causa<\/td><td>perch\u00e9, siccome, poich\u00e9, dato che, visto che, dal momento che, a causa di<\/td><td>indicativo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Conseguenza<\/td><td>quindi, perci\u00f2, dunque, pertanto, sicch\u00e9, cosicch\u00e9, allora<\/td><td>indicativo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Scopo<\/td><td>perch\u00e9, affinch\u00e9, per, al fine di, in modo da, in modo che<\/td><td>congiuntivo \/ infinito<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Contrasto (avversativo)<\/td><td>ma, per\u00f2, tuttavia, eppure, anzi, invece, bens\u00ec, al contrario<\/td><td>indicativo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Concessione<\/td><td>anche se, bench\u00e9, sebbene, nonostante, malgrado, pur<\/td><td>indicativo (anche se) \/ congiuntivo (rest)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Condizione<\/td><td>se, purch\u00e9, a patto che, a condizione che, qualora, nel caso che<\/td><td>indicativo (se) \/ congiuntivo (rest)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Copulativo (aggiunta)<\/td><td>e, anche, pure, inoltre, in pi\u00f9, oltre a<\/td><td>nessun cambio<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Dichiarativo (chiarimento)<\/td><td>cio\u00e8, ossia, vale a dire, in altre parole, infatti, in realt\u00e0<\/td><td>nessun cambio<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Correlativo (parallelo)<\/td><td>sia&#8230; sia, o&#8230; o, n\u00e9&#8230; n\u00e9, non solo&#8230; ma anche<\/td><td>nessun cambio<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Struttura discorso<\/td><td>per cominciare, in primo luogo, inoltre, in altre parole, infine<\/td><td>nessun cambio<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three slips with italian connettivi flag a B2 sentence as written by a learner. Fixing them is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Starting a declarative sentence with <em>perch\u00e9<\/em>. Wrong: <em>Perch\u00e9 piove, resto a casa<\/em>. Correct: <em>Siccome piove, resto a casa<\/em> (spoken) or <em>Poich\u00e9 piove, resto a casa<\/em> (written). <em>Perch\u00e9<\/em> at the start works only in questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Indicative after subordinating concessive or purpose connettivi. Wrong: <em>Bench\u00e9 \u00e8 stanco, lavora ancora<\/em>. Correct: <em>Bench\u00e9 sia stanco, lavora ancora<\/em>. The connectors <em>bench\u00e9, sebbene, nonostante, malgrado, affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, a patto che<\/em> always require the subjunctive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> <em>Eventualmente<\/em> meaning &#8220;eventually&#8221;. Wrong: <em>Eventualmente ho finito l&#8217;esame<\/em>. Correct: <em>Alla fine ho finito l&#8217;esame<\/em>. The Italian <em>eventualmente<\/em> is a false friend: it means &#8220;in case&#8221;, &#8220;if needed&#8221;, not &#8220;eventually&#8221;. For the English &#8220;eventually&#8221;, use <em>alla fine<\/em> or <em>finalmente<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Build sentences with the connector indicated.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(condizione, formale) ___ tu venga a Lucca, passa dalla libreria di Pietro.<\/li>\n<li>(consecutivo, formale) Le prove sono chiare, ___ la giuria pu\u00f2 decidere subito.<\/li>\n<li>(concessivo, formale) ___ il temporale, Francesco ha tenuto la conferenza all&#8217;aperto.<\/li>\n<li>(correlativo) ___ Caterina ___ Elena parlano francese senza accento.<\/li>\n<li>(dichiarativo) Ho ordinato venti copie, ___ tutte le copie disponibili in magazzino.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Qualora \u00b7 2. dunque (o pertanto) \u00b7 3. Nonostante (+ avesse imperversato) \u00b7 4. Sia&#8230; sia \u00b7 5. cio\u00e8 (o ossia)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: organising a literary event<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pietro and Elena are planning a presentation at the Lucca bookshop for a new Pennacchi novel. They have to coordinate dates, invitations, the press, the caterer. The conversation is naturally dense with italian connettivi: cause, consequence, condition, contrast, sequence.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-con\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Allora Elena, per cominciare dobbiamo decidere la data. Siccome Pennacchi sar\u00e0 a Pisa il 12 maggio, propongo il 13 in libreria.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Va bene, per\u00f2 il 13 \u00e8 venerd\u00ec, e la sera c&#8217;\u00e8 il concerto in piazza Anfiteatro. Quindi rischiamo di avere meno pubblico.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Hai ragione. Anche se il concerto attira soprattutto giovani, mentre noi puntiamo a un pubblico letterario, \u00e8 comunque un&#8217;occasione di competizione. Sposterei al sabato pomeriggio.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Sabato pomeriggio \u00e8 perfetto, purch\u00e9 Pennacchi confermi. Tu intanto contatti l&#8217;ufficio stampa del Comune, in modo che possano fare un comunicato la settimana prima.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Certo. Inoltre dobbiamo prevedere il rinfresco. Avevo pensato al pasticcere di via Fillungo, sia per la qualit\u00e0 sia per la posizione centrale.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Ottima scelta, peraltro fa anche il vino in vendita diretta. Cio\u00e8 copre dolci, salatini e bevande in un&#8217;unica fornitura.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Pietro:<\/strong> Esatto. Nel caso che ci siano pi\u00f9 di settanta persone, per\u00f2, dovremo aggiungere un secondo tavolo. Pertanto chiederei al pasticcere di tenere riserva un&#8217;opzione &#8220;extra&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Perfetto. Per concludere, ti mando entro stasera la lista degli invitati VIP, dopodich\u00e9 possiamo iniziare a mandare gli inviti.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the italian connettivi Pietro and Elena use: <em>allora, per cominciare, siccome, per\u00f2, e, quindi, anche se, mentre, comunque, purch\u00e9, in modo che, inoltre, sia&#8230; sia, peraltro, cio\u00e8, nel caso che, pertanto, per concludere, dopodich\u00e9<\/em>. Nineteen connectors in an eight-line conversation: the discourse-management workhorses of B2-level Italian.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Write a short paragraph (8-10 sentences) about a recent decision you took, using at least one italian connettivi from each family: tempo, causa, conseguenza, scopo, contrasto, concessione, condizione, struttura del discorso. Read it out loud once to feel how the connectors stitch the paragraph together.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below mixes italian connettivi from every family. 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             <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"142\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Cloze: connettivi by function and register<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"243\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Verifica: connettivi in use<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Italian connettivi: choose by function and register<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> Pietro runs a bookshop in Lucca; Caterina is a tailor; Elena plans literary events; Matteo commutes from Modena; Francesco writes novels. The sentences below picture them across cause, time, contrast, concession, condition and register choices.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#888;\"><strong>If your keyboard doesn&#8217;t have Italian accents<\/strong>, you can type an apostrophe instead. For example, <code>cioe'<\/code> for <code>cio&egrave;<\/code>, or <code>affinche'<\/code> for <code>affinch&eacute;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Pick the connector that fits the function (cause, time, consequence, purpose, contrast, concession, condition) AND the register (spoken vs written, formal vs colloquial). Watch the mood: some connectors require the subjunctive.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6707\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Marina \u00e8 la moglie del fratello di Caterina, (cio\u00e8, quindi, per\u00f2) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(cio\u00e8, cioe')<\/span><\/span> la cognata di Caterina.<br><br><em>Marina is the wife of Caterina's brother, that is, Caterina's sister-in-law.<\/em><\/li><li>(O, N\u00e9, Sia) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Sia)<\/span><\/span> Caterina sia Elena parlano francese senza accento.<br><br><em>Both Caterina and Elena speak French without an accent.<\/em><\/li><li>Francesco \u00e8 stato spesso scortese con Pietro, (per\u00f2, tuttavia, anzi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tuttavia)<\/span><\/span> Pietro lo aiuter\u00e0 comunque a traslocare in via dei Macelli.<br><br><em>Francesco has often been rude to Pietro, however Pietro will still help him move to via dei Macelli.<\/em><\/li><li>(Eventualmente, Infine, Alla fine) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Alla fine)<\/span><\/span> Pietro ha consegnato il manoscritto a Caterina dopo tre revisioni nella retrobottega della libreria.<br><br><em>In the end Pietro delivered the manuscript to Caterina after three revisions in the bookshop back room.<\/em><\/li><li>(Anche se, Sebbene, Nonostante) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Nonostante)<\/span><\/span> il temporale, Francesco ha tenuto la conferenza all'aperto a Pennabilli.<br><br><em>Despite the storm, Francesco gave the conference outdoors in Pennabilli.<\/em><\/li><li>(Allora, Pertanto, Perci\u00f2) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Allora)<\/span><\/span> Caterina e Matteo escono a cena a Forte dei Marmi stasera con gli amici della casa editrice.<br><br><em>So Caterina and Matteo are going out for dinner in Forte dei Marmi tonight with the friends from the publishing house.<\/em><\/li><li>(Qualora, Se, Nel caso) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Qualora)<\/span><\/span> Caterina venisse a Lucca il mese prossimo, potrebbe passare dalla libreria di Pietro per ritirare il libro ordinato.<br><br><em>Should Caterina come to Lucca next month, she could stop by Pietro's bookshop to pick up the ordered book.<\/em><\/li><li>Le prove sono inequivocabili, (perci\u00f2, dunque, per\u00f2) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dunque)<\/span><\/span> la giuria emetter\u00e0 il verdetto questa sera.<br><br><em>The evidence is unequivocal, therefore the jury will issue the verdict this evening.<\/em><\/li><li>(Siccome, Perch\u00e9, Quindi) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(Siccome)<\/span><\/span> il treno per Modena era cancellato, Matteo ha noleggiato un'auto.<br><br><em>Since the train to Modena was cancelled, Matteo rented a car.<\/em><\/li><li>Caterina ha cucito tutta la notte (perch\u00e9, dato che, affinch\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(affinch\u00e9, affinche')<\/span><\/span> il vestito fosse pronto per la presentazione di sabato.<br><br><em>Caterina sewed all night so that the dress would be ready for Saturday's presentation.<\/em><\/li><li>Pietro scriver\u00e0 a Caterina (mentre, non appena, finch\u00e9) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(non appena)<\/span><\/span> avr\u00e0 finito di leggere il romanzo di Pennacchi.<br><br><em>Pietro will write to Caterina as soon as he has finished reading the Pennacchi novel.<\/em><\/li><li>Bench\u00e9 Pietro (era, fosse, sar\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(fosse)<\/span><\/span> molto stanco, ha aperto la libreria anche domenica.<br><br><em>Although Pietro was very tired, he opened the bookshop on Sunday too.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 out of 12. You&#8217;ve got the function-and-register map of italian connettivi down.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The twelve correct connectors:<\/p>\n<ol style='margin:8px 0 8px 40px;padding-left:8px;'>\n<li><em>Siccome<\/em> &mdash; causa, pre-main, spoken (<em>perch&eacute;<\/em> at the start of a declarative sentence is the classic B2 slip).<\/li>\n<li><em>dunque<\/em> &mdash; consequence, formal conclusive (legal\/argumentative register).<\/li>\n<li><em>affinch&eacute;<\/em> &mdash; final + congiuntivo; formal counterpart of <em>perch&eacute;<\/em>+cong.<\/li>\n<li><em>Nonostante<\/em> &mdash; concessivo + noun (no subjunctive needed before a noun phrase).<\/li>\n<li><em>fosse<\/em> &mdash; <em>bench\u00e9<\/em> always triggers the subjunctive: <em>bench\u00e9 fosse<\/em>, never <em>bench\u00e9 era<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Qualora<\/em> &mdash; formal conditional + congiuntivo imperfetto; replaces <em>se<\/em> in written register.<\/li>\n<li><em>cio&egrave;<\/em> &mdash; declarative, unpacks the previous phrase (= <em>that is<\/em>, <em>in other words<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><em>Sia&#8230; sia<\/em> &mdash; correlative for parallel positive items (Crusca prefers <em>sia&#8230; sia<\/em> over <em>sia&#8230; che<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><em>non appena<\/em> &mdash; posteriority + futuro anteriore (= <em>as soon as<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><em>tuttavia<\/em> &mdash; avversativo, written formal; <em>per&ograve;<\/em> is the spoken soft equivalent.<\/li>\n<li><em>Alla fine<\/em> &mdash; = <em>eventually<\/em>, <em>in the end<\/em>. <em>Eventualmente<\/em> is a false friend: it means <em>in case<\/em>, <em>if needed<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Allora<\/em> &mdash; consequence, conversational opener (= <em>so<\/em> at the start of a question). <em>Pertanto<\/em> is bureaucratic.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong>: <em>noleggiare<\/em> = to rent (a vehicle); <em>inequivocabile<\/em> = unequivocal; <em>traslocare<\/em> = to move house; <em>cognata<\/em> = sister-in-law; <em>manoscritto<\/em> = manuscript.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Three traps to watch on this page:<\/p>\n<ul style='margin:8px 0 8px 40px;padding-left:8px;'>\n<li><strong>Position<\/strong>: causal <em>perch&eacute;<\/em> never opens a declarative sentence (use <em>siccome<\/em> or <em>poich&eacute;<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mood<\/strong>: <em>bench\u00e9, sebbene, nonostante, malgrado, affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9, qualora, a patto che, nel caso che<\/em> all require the subjunctive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Register<\/strong>: consequence connectors line up <em>allora &rarr; quindi &rarr; perci&ograve; &rarr; dunque &rarr; pertanto<\/em> from casual to formal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence in each trio<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> Six scenes from the Piemonte interior. Ludovica and Giacomo visit the truffle market in Alba; Tessa runs a small winery in Mondov&igrave;; Anselmo opens a pastry shop in Saluzzo; Cosima owns a vineyard on the hills of Cuneo; Damiano restores the family house. Each trio hides one valid Italian sentence and two with a broken connector.<\/p>\n<p><em>For each of the six groups, pick the one valid sentence. The other two break the rule on position, mood, register or connector type.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6708\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Damiano scriver\u00e0 a Ludovica mentre avr\u00e0 finito di restaurare la facciata della casa di famiglia a Mondov\u00ec.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Damiano scriver\u00e0 a Ludovica non appena finir\u00e0 di restaurare la facciata della casa di famiglia a Mondov\u00ec.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Damiano scriver\u00e0 a Ludovica non appena avr\u00e0 finito di restaurare la facciata della casa di famiglia a Mondov\u00ec.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Qualora Cosima decidesse di vendere la vigna sulle colline di Cuneo, dovrebbe avvisare il nipote con largo anticipo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Qualora Cosima decider\u00e0 di vendere la vigna sulle colline di Cuneo, dovrebbe avvisare il nipote con largo anticipo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Nel caso Cosima decidesse di vendere la vigna sulle colline di Cuneo, dovrebbe avvisare il nipote con largo anticipo.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Perch\u00e9 il mercato del tartufo ad Alba era affollato, Ludovica e Giacomo sono arrivati con un'ora di anticipo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Quindi il mercato del tartufo ad Alba era affollato, Ludovica e Giacomo sono arrivati con un'ora di anticipo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Siccome il mercato del tartufo ad Alba era affollato, Ludovica e Giacomo sono arrivati con un'ora di anticipo.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> L'ispezione ha rilevato gravi irregolarit\u00e0 nei conti, per\u00f2 il consiglio della cooperativa di Alba si riunir\u00e0 luned\u00ec in seduta straordinaria.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> L'ispezione ha rilevato gravi irregolarit\u00e0 nei conti, pertanto il consiglio della cooperativa di Alba si riunir\u00e0 luned\u00ec in seduta straordinaria.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> L'ispezione ha rilevato gravi irregolarit\u00e0 nei conti, allora il consiglio della cooperativa di Alba si riunir\u00e0 luned\u00ec in seduta straordinaria.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Bench\u00e9 Tessa fosse esausta dopo la giornata in cantina a Mondov\u00ec, ha preparato la cena per gli ospiti.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Bench\u00e9 Tessa era esausta dopo la giornata in cantina a Mondov\u00ec, ha preparato la cena per gli ospiti.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Anche se Tessa fosse esausta dopo la giornata in cantina a Mondov\u00ec, ha preparato la cena per gli ospiti.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Anselmo ha chiamato il falegname di Saluzzo dato che il bancone della pasticceria fosse pronto per l'apertura di sabato.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Anselmo ha chiamato il falegname di Saluzzo affinch\u00e9 il bancone della pasticceria fosse pronto per l'apertura di sabato.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_151_6708\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Anselmo ha chiamato il falegname di Saluzzo affinch\u00e9 il bancone della pasticceria era pronto per l'apertura di sabato.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Six out of six. You can spot the right connettivo at sight, with the correct mood, position and register.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The six valid sentences and the trap on each side:<\/p>\n<ol style='margin:8px 0 8px 40px;padding-left:8px;'>\n<li><strong>Siccome<\/strong>. <em>Siccome il mercato del tartufo ad Alba era affollato, Ludovica e Giacomo sono arrivati con un&#8217;ora di anticipo.<\/em><br \/>Since the truffle market in Alba was crowded, Ludovica and Giacomo arrived an hour early.<br \/><strong>Trap A<\/strong>: perch\u00e9 never opens a declarative sentence: use siccome or poich\u00e9 in pre-main position. <strong>Trap B<\/strong>: quindi expresses consequence, not cause; logic of the sentence requires a causal connector.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bench\u00e9 + congiuntivo<\/strong>. <em>Bench\u00e9 Tessa fosse esausta dopo la giornata in cantina a Mondov\u00ec, ha preparato la cena per gli ospiti.<\/em><br \/>Although Tessa was exhausted after the day at the winery in Mondov\u00ec, she made dinner for the guests.<br \/><strong>Trap A<\/strong>: bench\u00e9 requires the subjunctive: fosse, never era. <strong>Trap B<\/strong>: anche se takes the indicativo (era), not the congiuntivo; bench\u00e9 is the subjunctive equivalent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Affinch\u00e9 + congiuntivo<\/strong>. <em>Anselmo ha chiamato il falegname di Saluzzo affinch\u00e9 il bancone della pasticceria fosse pronto per l&#8217;apertura di sabato.<\/em><br \/>Anselmo called the carpenter in Saluzzo so that the pastry shop counter would be ready for Saturday&#8217;s opening.<br \/><strong>Trap A<\/strong>: affinch\u00e9 always triggers the subjunctive: fosse, never era. <strong>Trap B<\/strong>: dato che expresses cause, not purpose, and takes the indicativo; the sentence needs a final connector with congiuntivo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qualora + congiuntivo imperfetto<\/strong>. <em>Qualora Cosima decidesse di vendere la vigna sulle colline di Cuneo, dovrebbe avvisare il nipote con largo anticipo.<\/em><br \/>Should Cosima decide to sell the vineyard on the hills of Cuneo, she should notify her grandson well in advance.<br \/><strong>Trap A<\/strong>: qualora always takes the congiuntivo (decidesse), never the future indicativo. <strong>Trap B<\/strong>: nel caso requires che before the subjunctive (nel caso che decidesse); without che the construction is incomplete in written register.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pertanto<\/strong>. <em>L&#8217;ispezione ha rilevato gravi irregolarit\u00e0 nei conti, pertanto il consiglio della cooperativa di Alba si riunir\u00e0 luned\u00ec in seduta straordinaria.<\/em><br \/>The inspection found serious irregularities in the accounts, therefore the board of the Alba cooperative will meet on Monday in an extraordinary session.<br \/><strong>Trap A<\/strong>: allora is conversational; in a formal report on financial irregularities the register requires pertanto or dunque. <strong>Trap B<\/strong>: per\u00f2 is avversativo (contrast); the session is a logical consequence of the findings, not a contrast, so the sentence needs pertanto.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Non appena + futuro anteriore<\/strong>. <em>Damiano scriver\u00e0 a Ludovica non appena avr\u00e0 finito di restaurare la facciata della casa di famiglia a Mondov\u00ec.<\/em><br \/>Damiano will write to Ludovica as soon as he has finished restoring the facade of the family house in Mondov\u00ec.<br \/><strong>Trap A<\/strong>: with non appena and a future main verb, posteriority needs the futuro anteriore (avr\u00e0 finito), not the simple future. <strong>Trap B<\/strong>: mentre means while (simultaneity), not after; the logical relation here is posteriority, hence non appena.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Vocabolario<\/strong>: <em>tartufo<\/em> = truffle; <em>cantina<\/em> = winery, cellar; <em>falegname<\/em> = carpenter; <em>bancone<\/em> = counter; <em>vigna<\/em> = vineyard; <em>seduta straordinaria<\/em> = extraordinary session; <em>restaurare<\/em> = to restore; <em>facciata<\/em> = facade.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Six sentences set in Piemonte interior (Alba, Mondov&igrave;, Saluzzo, Cuneo). Each trio hides exactly one valid version. The three traps repeat throughout:<\/p>\n<ul style='margin:8px 0 8px 40px;padding-left:8px;'>\n<li><strong>Position<\/strong>: <em>perch&eacute;<\/em> never opens a declarative; <em>siccome<\/em>\/<em>poich&eacute;<\/em> do.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mood<\/strong>: <em>bench\u00e9, sebbene, affinch\u00e9, qualora, purch\u00e9, nel caso che<\/em> require the congiuntivo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type vs register<\/strong>: cause vs consequence vs contrast; spoken (<em>allora<\/em>) vs formal (<em>pertanto<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_151',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 151,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"142\":12,\"243\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6707\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6707,\"catId\":142,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"cio\\u00e8\",\"cioe'\"],[\"sia\"],[\"tuttavia\"],[\"alla fine\"],[\"nonostante\"],[\"allora\"],[\"qualora\"],[\"dunque\"],[\"siccome\"],[\"affinch\\u00e9\",\"affinche'\"],[\"non appena\"],[\"fosse\"]]},\"6708\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6708,\"catId\":243,\"diffMode\":1,\"points\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0],\"correct\":[0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about italian connettivi come up in every B2 cohort. The answers below draw on real classroom usage and on the Crusca note <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sull-uso-delle-congiunzioni-all-inizio-di-frase\/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sull&#8217;uso delle congiunzioni all&#8217;inizio di frase<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between connettivi, congiunzioni, and preposizioni?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Connettivi is the broad cover term: anything that connects sentence elements logically (conjunctions, adverbs, prepositions, fixed phrases). Congiunzioni are the strict grammatical class: invariable words that link two elements (e, ma, perch\u00e9, se, bench\u00e9). Preposizioni are a different class that introduces a complement (di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra). All conjunctions are connettivi, and many adverbs (quindi, tuttavia, infatti) and prepositional phrases (a causa di, per colpa di) function as connettivi too, even though they are not strictly congiunzioni.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Coordinating conjunctions link two elements of the same syntactic rank: two nouns, two verbs, two main clauses (Pietro vende libri e Caterina cuce vestiti). The typical members are e, ma, o, anzi, infatti, cio\u00e8, quindi. Subordinating conjunctions introduce a dependent clause that cannot stand alone (Pietro ha chiuso perch\u00e9 pioveva). Subordinating connectors often govern the subjunctive (bench\u00e9, affinch\u00e9, purch\u00e9); coordinating ones never change the mood of either side.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why sia&#8230; sia instead of sia&#8230; che?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Accademia della Crusca recommends sia&#8230; sia as the standard correlative form for italian connettivi in writing: Sia Caterina sia Elena parlano francese. Sia&#8230; che is widely used in conversation and accepted by some descriptive grammars, but in school, exam essays, and journalism, sia&#8230; sia is preferred. The reason is historical and stylistic: sia&#8230; che can sound like the conjunction che has crept in by accident. If in doubt, write sia&#8230; sia.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can the verb after n\u00e9 X n\u00e9 Y be singular?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Both work, with a slight nuance. Singular agreement (N\u00e9 Caterina n\u00e9 Elena ha letto il libro) is technically correct and more elegant in formal Italian, treating each subject separately. Plural agreement (N\u00e9 Caterina n\u00e9 Elena hanno letto il libro) is widespread in modern usage and accepted by most grammars. With non-human subjects, plural is more common (N\u00e9 il vino n\u00e9 il caff\u00e8 aiutano contro l&#8217;insonnia). When in doubt, plural sounds natural in spoken Italian; singular sounds more formal in writing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between cio\u00e8, ossia, infatti, in altre parole?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>All four are dichiarative italian connettivi but with subtle differences. Cio\u00e8 (most common) introduces a clarification or paraphrase (Ci vediamo il 19, cio\u00e8 mercoled\u00ec). Ossia is more formal and signals an exact equivalent (Marina \u00e8 mia cognata, ossia la moglie di mio fratello). Vale a dire and in altre parole are interchangeable with ossia, slightly more written. Infatti and difatti confirm a previous claim with an example (Non mi piace Maurizio, infatti non andr\u00f2 alla sua festa); they do not paraphrase, they confirm. Mix them up and the logic of your paragraph weakens.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Which italian connettivi can start a sentence?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>All cause-first causal ones (siccome, poich\u00e9, dato che, visto che, dal momento che), all concessive ones (bench\u00e9, sebbene, anche se, nonostante, malgrado), all conditional ones (se, qualora, nel caso che, purch\u00e9 when it opens a clause), purpose connectors (affinch\u00e9, per + infinito), and most discourse organisers (per cominciare, in primo luogo, infine, inoltre, tuttavia). Coordinating connectors like e, ma, per\u00f2 can also open a sentence in modern Italian, despite older school rules: the Accademia della Crusca explicitly accepts the practice. The only strict ban is on perch\u00e9 in declarative use: it cannot start a sentence outside of a question.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now that italian connettivi clicks, keep going with the guides below for more on italian connettivi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Continue with italian connettivi-related guides below. Three Dante guides that dive into specific families covered briefly here, plus an institutional reference on connector use.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-causal-clauses-perche-siccome\/\">Italian Causal Clauses: Perch\u00e9, Siccome, Poich\u00e9<\/a>: full coverage of the causal family.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-concessive-clauses-sebbene-benche-anche-se\/\">Italian Concessive Clauses: Bench\u00e9, Sebbene, Anche Se<\/a>: full coverage of the concessive family.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-che-conjunctions\/\">Italian -ch\u00e9 Conjunctions: Affinch\u00e9, Purch\u00e9, Bench\u00e9, Poich\u00e9<\/a>: the morphological family of -ch\u00e9 subordinators.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sull-uso-delle-congiunzioni-all-inizio-di-frase\/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Congiunzioni all&#8217;inizio di frase<\/a>: institutional note on starting sentences with connectors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian connettivi are the connectors that make Italian sentences flow: conjunctions, adverbs, prepositions, and fixed expressions that link words, clauses, and ideas. They are classified by function (time, cause, consequence, purpose, contrast, concession, condition, doubt, inclusion, exclusion, structure) and by syntactic role (coordinating vs subordinating). This master hub walks through all the &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Connettivi: Connectors by Function and Register (B2)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-connettivi-connectors\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Connettivi: Connectors by Function and Register (B2)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1865],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b1","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14836"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60496,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14836\/revisions\/60496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}