{"id":14755,"date":"2015-11-02T16:09:12","date_gmt":"2015-11-02T07:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=14755"},"modified":"2026-05-21T08:05:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T23:05:53","slug":"italian-if-clauses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-if-clauses\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian If-Clauses (Periodo Ipotetico): Types 1, 2, 3 and Mixed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <em><strong>Italian if clauses<\/strong> (<em>periodo ipotetico<\/em>) come in three flavours: real, possible, impossible. Real (type 1) uses the indicative on both sides: <em>Se piove, prendo l&#8217;ombrello<\/em>. Possible (type 2) pairs <em>congiuntivo imperfetto<\/em> with <em>condizionale presente<\/em>: <em>Se avessi tempo, andrei<\/em>. Impossible (type 3) pairs <em>congiuntivo trapassato<\/em> with <em>condizionale passato<\/em>: <em>Se avessi saputo, sarei venuto<\/em>. Mix past and present for a hypothesis whose consequence lives in a different time. The one rule that breaks italian if clauses fastest is putting a conditional in the <em>se<\/em>-clause: the subjunctive lives there, never the conditional.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Master italian if clauses and a huge slice of natural Italian opens up: daydreams, regret, polite warnings, formal alternatives like <em>qualora<\/em>. This B2 guide covers the three types, the mixed pattern, the spoken shortcut native speakers use, the formal alternatives, the dialogue, the common mistakes, and a quiz to drill the choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-pi\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-pi gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What italian if clauses are<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#type1\">Type 1: the real conditional<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#type2\">Type 2: the possible conditional<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#type3\">Type 3: the impossible conditional<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mixed\">The mixed pattern<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#spoken\">The spoken shortcut: imperfetto + imperfetto<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#alternatives\">Alternative conjunctions: qualora, purch\u00e9, nel caso in cui<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#fossi-in-te\">Se fossi in te: the if-I-were-you idiom<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#implicit\">Implicit conditionals: gerundio and participio<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: planning a ski weekend<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian if clauses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What italian if clauses are<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sit at a kitchen table in Modena on a rainy Sunday morning and you will hear the italian if clauses within the first minute of conversation: <em>se smette di piovere, andiamo al mercato<\/em>, <em>se avessi una giornata libera, mi farei un giro in bicicletta<\/em>, <em>se avessimo prenotato prima, avremmo trovato posto<\/em>. An if clause is a sentence built around a hypothesis. It has two halves: the <em>se<\/em>-clause (the condition, also called <em>protasi<\/em>) and the main clause (the consequence, also called <em>apodosi<\/em>). The tenses you pick depend on how realistic the hypothesis is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian textbooks split the construction into three numbered types. The labels matter less than the idea behind them: how likely is the <em>se<\/em>-clause to come true? If it is a normal Tuesday scenario, use type 1. If it is imaginable but not currently true, use type 2. If it refers to a past that cannot be changed, use type 3. Most English-speaker mistakes with the italian if clauses come from either picking the wrong type or putting a conditional inside the <em>se<\/em>-clause.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-pi-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>The golden rule.<\/strong> <em>Never put the condizionale in the se-clause. The subjunctive lives there. <em>Se avessi tempo, andrei<\/em> is correct; <em>Se avrei tempo, andrei<\/em> is the single most common slip English speakers make with the italian if clauses.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"type1\">Type 1: the real conditional<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the condition is a normal, plausible event, both halves of the italian if clauses stay in the indicative. The <em>se<\/em>-clause takes presente, futuro semplice, or passato prossimo; the main clause takes presente, futuro, or imperativo. No subjunctive, no conditional, just plain indicative verbs on both sides of <em>se<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Se stasera non piove, ceniamo in terrazza.<\/em><br><em>If it doesn&#8217;t rain tonight, we&#8217;ll eat on the terrace.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se ti chiama Laura, dille di passare in libreria.<\/em><br><em>If Laura calls you, tell her to drop by the bookshop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se domani comprer\u00f2 il biglietto in anticipo, risparmier\u00f2 venti euro.<\/em><br><em>If I buy the ticket in advance tomorrow, I&#8217;ll save twenty euros.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se hai finito i compiti, puoi uscire con gli amici.<\/em><br><em>If you have finished your homework, you can go out with your friends.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Type 1 italian if clauses are the register of weather forecasts, daily plans, instructions, and polite warnings. The future-future pattern (<em>se comprer\u00f2 il biglietto, risparmier\u00f2<\/em>) is worth a note: English keeps the present in the if-clause and the future in the main clause (<em>if I buy the ticket, I will save<\/em>), while Italian projects both halves into the future when the whole event lies ahead. Listen for that asymmetry in translation exercises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"type2\">Type 2: the possible conditional<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the hypothesis is imaginable but not true right now, the italian if clauses pair a <em>congiuntivo imperfetto<\/em> in the <em>se<\/em>-clause with a <em>condizionale presente<\/em> in the main clause. This is the second type of <em>periodo ipotetico<\/em> and the home of most daydreams, polite suggestions, and counterfactuals about the present.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Se trovassi un appartamento in centro, mi trasferirei a Bologna.<\/em><br><em>If I found a flat in the centre, I would move to Bologna.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se Luca mi chiamasse, uscirei volentieri con lui.<\/em><br><em>If Luca called me, I would gladly go out with him.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se tu cambiassi lavoro, saresti pi\u00f9 felice di sicuro.<\/em><br><em>If you changed jobs, you would surely be happier.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se avessimo pi\u00f9 tempo, impareremmo il giapponese.<\/em><br><em>If we had more time, we would learn Japanese.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main clause can also take the imperativo when the consequence is an instruction: <em>Se ti chiamasse, fammi sapere<\/em> (If he called you, let me know). The conditional remains the default, but the imperative gives the type 2 italian if clauses an extra register for advice and requests.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-pi-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Memory hook.<\/strong> <em>Type 2 italian if clauses are the &#8220;what I would do&#8221; tense. Both halves lean slightly back: the subjunctive for the hypothesis, the conditional for the outcome. If you hear &#8220;avessi&#8230;-rei&#8221; the speaker is daydreaming in type 2.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"type3\">Type 3: the impossible conditional<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the hypothesis refers to a past that cannot be changed, the italian if clauses pair a <em>congiuntivo trapassato<\/em> in the <em>se<\/em>-clause with a <em>condizionale passato<\/em> in the main clause. This is the tense of regrets, missed opportunities, and counterfactual history.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Se avessi preso il primo treno, sarei arrivato puntuale alla riunione.<\/em><br><em>If I had caught the first train, I would have arrived at the meeting on time.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se non avesse piovuto, saremmo andati al mare a Cesenatico.<\/em><br><em>If it hadn&#8217;t rained, we would have gone to the sea in Cesenatico.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se i miei nonni non si fossero conosciuti, io non esisterei nemmeno.<\/em><br><em>If my grandparents hadn&#8217;t met, I wouldn&#8217;t even exist.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se avessi conosciuto Alessandro Magno, gli avrei chiesto un autografo.<\/em><br><em>If I had met Alexander the Great, I would have asked him for an autograph.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Type 3 italian if clauses are pure B2 territory. English uses the same pattern (<em>if I had known, I would have come<\/em>), so the logic transfers cleanly. The only trap is remembering that the Italian <em>se<\/em>-clause wants the congiuntivo trapassato, not the conditional perfect: <em>Se avessi saputo<\/em>, never <em>Se avrei saputo<\/em>. The conditional belongs only in the apodosi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mixed\">The mixed pattern<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes the hypothesis sits in the past but the consequence lives in the present. The italian if clauses combine <em>congiuntivo trapassato<\/em> with <em>condizionale presente<\/em>, producing what textbooks call a <em>misto<\/em>. You build it on purpose when the time of the hypothesis and the time of the consequence do not match.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Se avessi studiato medicina, adesso lavorerei in ospedale a Padova.<\/em><br><em>If I had studied medicine, I would be working in a hospital in Padova now.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se non avessimo venduto quella casa, oggi saremmo ricchi.<\/em><br><em>If we hadn&#8217;t sold that house, today we would be rich.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se tu avessi preso la macchina, adesso non dovresti aspettare l&#8217;autobus sotto la pioggia.<\/em><br><em>If you had taken the car, now you wouldn&#8217;t have to wait for the bus in the rain.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can also flip it the other way: a present hypothesis with a past consequence, if the meaning calls for it (<em>Se Caterina fosse pi\u00f9 paziente, ieri non avrebbe litigato con il fratello<\/em>). The mixed italian if clauses give Italian a flexibility English speakers do not always notice: any plausible time match between protasi and apodosi works, you just have to pick the right tense pair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"spoken\">The spoken shortcut: imperfetto + imperfetto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Listen to real Italians and you will hear a fourth pattern textbooks call sloppy but everyone uses. In casual speech, the type 3 conditional collapses into two imperfetti. This is not a separate type of italian if clauses; it is a colloquial substitute for type 3 that compresses both halves into the imperfetto indicative.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Formal type 3: <em>Se avessi preso il primo treno, sarei arrivato puntuale.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Spoken shortcut: <em>Se prendevo il primo treno, arrivavo puntuale.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Formal type 3: <em>Se non fosse piovuto, saremmo andati al mare.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Spoken shortcut: <em>Se non pioveva, andavamo al mare.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both are understood across Italy; only the first is considered correct in writing. Use the imperfetto+imperfetto version of the italian if clauses in conversation with friends, never in essays, exams, or work emails. Learn the canonical pattern first, then let yourself slip into the shortcut once the standard form feels automatic.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-pi-3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>B2 exam trap.<\/strong> <em>CILS and CELI graders penalise the imperfetto+imperfetto shortcut in written production. Keep the canonical type 3 pattern (<em>congiuntivo trapassato + condizionale passato<\/em>) on paper and save the shortcut for oral interviews, where it sounds natural and idiomatic.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"alternatives\">Alternative conjunctions: qualora, purch\u00e9, nel caso in cui<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian offers several stylish alternatives to <em>se<\/em> for the italian if clauses. All of them require the <em>congiuntivo<\/em> and shift the sentence into a more formal register. They show up in legal documents, airline announcements, contracts, and any writing that wants to sound careful.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Qualora il volo fosse cancellato, l&#8217;aeroporto vi offrirebbe un hotel.<\/em><br><em>Should the flight be cancelled, the airport would offer you a hotel.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Nel caso in cui arrivassi in ritardo, avvisami con un messaggio.<\/em><br><em>In case you arrive late, let me know with a message.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ti aiuter\u00f2 a traslocare, purch\u00e9 tu mi inviti a cena dopo.<\/em><br><em>I will help you move, provided you invite me to dinner afterwards.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Posso prestarti la macchina, a condizione che la riporti pulita.<\/em><br><em>I can lend you the car, on the condition that you bring it back clean.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Qualora<\/em> is bureaucratic and airline-style; <em>nel caso in cui<\/em> is neutral formal; <em>purch\u00e9<\/em> and <em>a condizione che<\/em> both mean &#8220;provided that&#8221; and carry a mild warning tone. Every one of them takes the subjunctive in the <em>se<\/em>-clause, no exceptions. Treating <em>qualora<\/em> as a synonym of <em>se<\/em> with the indicative is the second most common mistake at B2 with the italian if clauses, right after <em>se avrei<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fossi-in-te\">Se fossi in te: the if-I-were-you idiom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian has a fixed idiomatic phrase for &#8220;if I were you&#8221; that every B2 learner needs as a reflex: <em>se fossi in te<\/em>, or more fully <em>se fossi al tuo posto<\/em>. The verb is congiuntivo imperfetto of <em>essere<\/em>, and the main clause always takes the condizionale presente.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Se fossi in te, accetterei subito il lavoro a Bologna.<\/em><br><em>If I were you, I would take the job in Bologna right away.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se fossi al tuo posto, prenoterei l&#8217;albergo prima che alzino i prezzi.<\/em><br><em>If I were in your place, I would book the hotel before they raise the prices.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Se fossi nei suoi panni, gli direi la verit\u00e0 con calma.<\/em><br><em>If I were in his shoes, I would calmly tell him the truth.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note that Italian uses <em>in te<\/em> (&#8220;in you&#8221;), <em>al tuo posto<\/em> (&#8220;in your place&#8221;), or <em>nei suoi panni<\/em> (&#8220;in his clothes&#8221;) to translate &#8220;in your shoes&#8221;. A literal translation with <em>se fossi tu<\/em> is ungrammatical here. This idiom shows up in advice columns, friendly suggestions, and conversation, and it is the most natural way the italian if clauses express empathic advice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"implicit\">Implicit conditionals: gerundio and participio<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond the explicit forms with <em>se<\/em> and <em>qualora<\/em>, the italian if clauses can also appear in an implicit form, with the verb in the gerundio, the participio passato, or the infinito introduced by <em>a<\/em>. These compressed forms belong to formal writing and proverbs.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Avendo studiato di pi\u00f9, avresti superato l&#8217;esame senza difficolt\u00e0.<\/em><br><em>Having studied more, you would have passed the exam without difficulty.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Visto da lontano, il castello sembrava un disegno di Escher.<\/em><br><em>Seen from afar, the castle looked like an Escher drawing.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>A pensarci bene, avrei dovuto telefonare prima di passare.<\/em><br><em>Come to think of it, I should have phoned before stopping by.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gerundio form (<em>avendo studiato<\/em>) condenses a type 3 if-clause into a participle. The implicit italian if clauses are not something you produce often at B2, but you read them constantly in newspapers and essays, so recognise the structure and translate it as &#8220;if you \/ they \/ she had + past participle&#8221;. The subject of the implicit form is always the subject of the main clause; if the two differ, you must switch back to an explicit <em>se<\/em> + congiuntivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: planning a ski weekend<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chiara and Luca are at a bar in Trento, an hour from the mountains, deciding whether to head up for the weekend. Watch how the italian if clauses cycle through every type within six exchanges: real, possible, impossible, mixed, formal alternative, and the spoken shortcut.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-pi\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Chiara:<\/strong> Se domani nevica davvero come dicono, partiamo presto per la montagna?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Luca:<\/strong> Certo. Se avessi saputo le previsioni in tempo, avrei prenotato il rifugio di Madonna di Campiglio.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Chiara:<\/strong> Se ti avessero avvertito i tuoi colleghi, adesso avremmo gi\u00e0 un letto caldo e una stufa accesa.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Luca:<\/strong> Pazienza. Qualora il rifugio fosse pieno, dormiremmo in paese e magari recupereremmo la mattina dopo.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Chiara:<\/strong> E se nevicasse troppo per guidare, tornerei a casa in treno. Niente paura.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Luca:<\/strong> Dai, se prenotavo io l&#8217;anno scorso, adesso non stavamo qui a decidere. Mi sono fatto fregare dalla pigrizia.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Chiara:<\/strong> Se fossi in te, smetterei di rimuginarci sopra. Ordiniamo un altro caff\u00e8 e decidiamo all&#8217;ultimo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the patterns: type 1 (<em>se domani nevica, partiamo<\/em>), type 3 (<em>se avessi saputo, avrei prenotato<\/em>), mixed (<em>se ti avessero avvertito, adesso avremmo<\/em>), formal alternative (<em>qualora il rifugio fosse pieno, dormiremmo<\/em>), type 2 (<em>se nevicasse troppo, tornerei<\/em>), spoken shortcut (<em>se prenotavo, non stavamo<\/em>), and the idiom (<em>se fossi in te<\/em>). A six-line conversation runs the entire system of italian if clauses without sounding artificial.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-pi-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Pick the correct type and translate each into Italian.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If it rains tonight, we will stay at home.<\/li>\n<li>If I had a dog, I would walk every morning before work.<\/li>\n<li>If she had taken the earlier flight, she would have arrived by now.<\/li>\n<li>Should you need help, call me at any time.<\/li>\n<li>If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor today.<\/li>\n<li>I will lend you the book, provided you give it back by Friday.<\/li>\n<li>Had they warned us in time, we would not be stuck here.<\/li>\n<li>If he calls, tell him I am busy with the editor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Type 1: <em>Se stasera piove, restiamo a casa.<\/em><br>2. Type 2: <em>Se avessi un cane, camminerei ogni mattina prima del lavoro.<\/em><br>3. Mixed: <em>Se avesse preso il volo precedente, a quest&#8217;ora sarebbe gi\u00e0 arrivata.<\/em><br>4. Qualora: <em>Qualora tu avessi bisogno di aiuto, chiamami in qualsiasi momento.<\/em><br>5. Mixed: <em>Se avessi studiato medicina, oggi sarei medico.<\/em><br>6. Purch\u00e9: <em>Ti presto il libro, purch\u00e9 tu me lo restituisca entro venerd\u00ec.<\/em><br>7. Type 3: <em>Se ci avessero avvertito in tempo, non saremmo bloccati qui.<\/em><br>8. Type 1 with imperativo: <em>Se chiama, digli che sono occupato con il redattore.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian if clauses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table, the whole logic of the italian if clauses. Keep it open while you build your next conditional sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Type<\/th><th>Se-clause<\/th><th>Main clause<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>1 (real)<\/strong><\/td><td>indicativo<\/td><td>indicativo \/ imperativo<\/td><td><em>Se piove, prendo l&#8217;ombrello.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>2 (possible)<\/strong><\/td><td>congiuntivo imperfetto<\/td><td>condizionale presente<\/td><td><em>Se avessi tempo, andrei.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>3 (impossible)<\/strong><\/td><td>congiuntivo trapassato<\/td><td>condizionale passato<\/td><td><em>Se avessi saputo, sarei venuto.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Mixed<\/strong><\/td><td>congiuntivo trapassato<\/td><td>condizionale presente<\/td><td><em>Se avessi studiato, oggi avrei un lavoro.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Spoken type 3<\/strong><\/td><td>imperfetto<\/td><td>imperfetto<\/td><td><em>Se prendevo il treno, arrivavo.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>If I were you<\/strong><\/td><td>se fossi in te \/ al tuo posto<\/td><td>condizionale presente<\/td><td><em>Se fossi in te, accetterei.<\/em><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Formal alternatives<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\"><em>qualora, nel caso in cui, purch\u00e9, a condizione che<\/em>: all with congiuntivo<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Golden rule<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">Never <em>se<\/em> + condizionale. Subjunctive in the se-clause, conditional in the main clause.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Common mistakes English speakers make<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Five slips flag a B2 sentence with italian if clauses as written by a learner. Each one comes from mapping English habits onto the Italian system, and each one is fast to fix once you see it.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Se<\/em> + conditional.<\/strong> \u274c <em>Se avrei tempo, andrei<\/em>. \u2705 <em>Se avessi tempo, andrei<\/em>. The <em>se<\/em>-clause takes the subjunctive, always.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type 1 for a hypothetical situation.<\/strong> <em>Se ho pi\u00f9 soldi, compro una casa<\/em> sounds like you are expecting the money to arrive; for a daydream use type 2: <em>Se avessi pi\u00f9 soldi, comprerei una casa<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type 3 formula for a present consequence.<\/strong> <em>Se avessi studiato, sarei passato<\/em> is a past consequence; for a present one, mix: <em>Se avessi studiato, adesso avrei un lavoro migliore<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Imperfetto+imperfetto in writing.<\/strong> Readers code it as colloquial, which damages credibility in emails or essays. Keep the canonical type 3 on paper.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Treating <em>qualora<\/em> as a synonym of <em>se<\/em>.<\/strong> It is not: <em>qualora<\/em> is formal and requires the subjunctive without exception, even when the meaning feels casual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One more subtle trap: the present-perfect overlap. English allows &#8220;if I have finished&#8221; with a perfective sense, while Italian uses the passato prossimo for the same idea: <em>se ho finito i compiti, esco<\/em>. Don&#8217;t fall back on the subjunctive here; type 1 italian if clauses stay in the indicative even with a perfect tense in the protasi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below drills the italian if clauses: type recognition, the se-clause mood, the irregular pairs, and the formal alternatives. Take it after the cheat sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-pi\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_65\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. 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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"111\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Periodo ipotetico: pick the right form<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"112\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Verifica: periodo ipotetico common mistakes<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pick the right form across the three types<\/h3>\n<p>Chiara e Luca sono due amici al bar di un piccolo paese in Trentino, un&#8217;ora dalla montagna. Stanno decidendo se partire per la settimana bianca: le previsioni promettono neve, ma niente \u00e8 ancora prenotato. Si conoscono da anni e si danno del <em>tu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Type 1: se + indicativo. Type 2: se + congiuntivo imperfetto, condizionale presente. Type 3: se + congiuntivo trapassato, condizionale passato. Never se + condizionale.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6417\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Se domani (nevicasse, nevica, nevicher\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(nevica)<\/span><\/span> abbastanza, Chiara e Luca partono all'alba per la val di Fassa.<br><br><em>If it snows enough tomorrow, Chiara and Luca leave at dawn for val di Fassa.<\/em><\/li><li>Se Chiara (avesse, avrebbe, avesse avuto) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"6\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avesse)<\/span><\/span> due giornate libere di seguito a febbraio, salirebbe ai Catinacci per due notti in rifugio.<br><br><em>If Chiara had two days off in a row in February, she would head up to the Catinacci range for two nights at a refuge.<\/em><\/li><li>Se Chiara trovasse un appartamento vicino agli impianti, (trasferir\u00e0, trasferirebbe, si trasferirebbe) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(si trasferirebbe)<\/span><\/span> volentieri a Madonna di Campiglio.<br><br><em>If Chiara found a flat near the lifts, she would gladly move to Madonna di Campiglio.<\/em><\/li><li>Se Luca (avesse saputo, avrebbe saputo, sapesse) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avesse saputo)<\/span><\/span> prima delle previsioni, avrebbe prenotato il rifugio gi\u00e0 la settimana scorsa al telefono.<br><br><em>If Luca had known the forecast earlier, he would have booked the refuge over the phone last week already.<\/em><\/li><li>Se Chiara avesse preso il treno delle sei da Trento, (arriverebbe, sarebbe arrivata, arriver\u00e0) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sarebbe arrivata)<\/span><\/span> puntuale al rifugio per il pranzo.<br><br><em>If Chiara had taken the six o'clock train from Trento, she would have arrived at the refuge in time for lunch.<\/em><\/li><li>Se i nonni di Chiara non avessero venduto la baita in val di Fassa, oggi i due amici (sarebbero, erano, sarebbero stati) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sarebbero)<\/span><\/span> gi\u00e0 l\u00ec davanti al camino acceso.<br><br><em>If Chiara's grandparents hadn't sold the cabin in val di Fassa, the two friends would be there today already in front of the lit fireplace.<\/em><\/li><li>Qualora il rifugio (\u00e8, sarebbe, fosse) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(fosse)<\/span><\/span> pieno sabato sera, Chiara e Luca dormirebbero in paese gi\u00f9 in valle, da quella signora che affitta due camere d'inverno.<br><br><em>Should the refuge be full on Saturday night, Chiara and Luca would sleep in the village down in the valley, at that lady who rents two rooms in winter.<\/em><\/li><li>Se Luca (chiamerebbe, chiamasse, chiama) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"9\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(chiamasse)<\/span><\/span> stasera Chiara per anticipare la partenza a venerd\u00ec pomeriggio, lei direbbe di s\u00ec senza pensarci due volte.<br><br><em>If Luca called Chiara tonight to move the departure to Friday afternoon, she would say yes without thinking twice.<\/em><\/li><li>Senza la cartina dettagliata di Luca, Chiara e gli amici (avrebbero perso, perderebbero, perdono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avrebbero perso)<\/span><\/span> la strada al passo Sella la scorsa primavera.<br><br><em>Without Luca's detailed map, Chiara and her friends would have got lost at the Sella pass last spring.<\/em><\/li><li>Chiara accompagna Luca alla stazione di Trento alle sei, purch\u00e9 lui le (offre, offrir\u00e0, offra) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(offra)<\/span><\/span> un cornetto caldo al ritorno, \u00e8 il loro patto.<br><br><em>Chiara is driving Luca to Trento station at six, provided he buys her a warm croissant on the way back, that's their deal.<\/em><\/li><li>Luca consiglia a Chiara di prenotare subito: dice che, (se fosse, se sarebbe, se sono) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(se fosse)<\/span><\/span> in lei, sceglierebbe la baita di sopra invece di quella in valle, perch\u00e9 ha la stufa a legna e la sauna inclusa nel prezzo.<br><br><em>Luca advises Chiara to book right away: he says that, if he were in her place, he would pick the upper cabin instead of the one in the valley, because it has a wood stove and the sauna included in the price.<\/em><\/li><li>Se Chiara e Luca prendessero l'ovovia delle otto invece di quella delle dieci, (sembra, sarebbe, \u00e8 stato) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sarebbe)<\/span><\/span> tutto pi\u00f9 semplice e arriverebbero riposati al passo.<br><br><em>If Chiara and Luca took the eight o'clock cable car instead of the ten o'clock one, it would all be simpler and they would arrive rested at the pass.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 right out of 12.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review the three types:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse:collapse;margin:8px 0\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">Type<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">Se-clause<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">Main clause<\/th>\n<th style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">Example<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><strong>1 (real)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">indicativo<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">indicativo \/ imperativo<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>Se piove, prendo l&#8217;ombrello.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><strong>2 (possible)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">cong. imperfetto<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">condizionale presente<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>Se avessi tempo, andrei.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><strong>3 (impossible)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">cong. trapassato<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">condizionale passato<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>Se avessi saputo, sarei venuto.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><strong>Mixed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">cong. trapassato<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\">condizionale presente<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><em>Se avessi studiato, oggi avrei un lavoro.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\"><strong>Qualora \/ purch\u00e9 \/ nel caso in cui<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border:1px solid #ccc;padding:4px 8px;\" colspan=\"3\">all require <strong>congiuntivo<\/strong> in the se-clause, no exceptions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>The single golden rule of periodo ipotetico: <strong>never put condizionale in the se-clause<\/strong>. The subjunctive lives in the se-clause; the conditional lives in the main clause.<\/p>\n<p>Pick the type by how realistic the hypothesis is: normal Tuesday scenario = type 1, imaginable but not currently true = type 2, about a past that cannot be changed = type 3.<\/p>\n<p>Mix on purpose when the time of the hypothesis and the consequence do not match: <em>Se avessi studiato medicina, adesso lavorerei in ospedale<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence<\/h3>\n<p><em>Select the ONE correct version in each set of three. Watch the se-clause mood and the type match.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6418\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Se Chiara e Luca avessero due giorni interi liberi, andrebbero volentieri sulle Dolomiti ogni inverno.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Se Chiara e Luca avrebbero due giorni interi liberi, andrebbero volentieri sulle Dolomiti ogni inverno.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Se Chiara e Luca hanno due giorni interi liberi, andrebbero volentieri sulle Dolomiti ogni inverno.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Se Chiara troverebbe una baita in vendita a Folgaria sotto i centomila euro, farebbe subito un'offerta al proprietario.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Se Chiara trovasse una baita in vendita a Folgaria sotto i centomila euro, farebbe subito un'offerta al proprietario.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Se Chiara trova una baita in vendita a Folgaria sotto i centomila euro, farebbe subito un'offerta al proprietario.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Se Luca avesse studiato tedesco al liceo, adesso parlerebbe meglio con i clienti di Bolzano.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Se Luca avesse studiato tedesco al liceo, avrebbe parlato meglio con i clienti di Bolzano.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Se Luca studierebbe tedesco al liceo, adesso parlerebbe meglio con i clienti di Bolzano.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Qualora il volo per Innsbruck fosse cancellato, la compagnia offrirebbe un hotel ai passeggeri.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Qualora il volo per Innsbruck \u00e8 cancellato, la compagnia offrir\u00e0 un hotel ai passeggeri.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Qualora il volo per Innsbruck sarebbe cancellato, la compagnia offrirebbe un hotel ai passeggeri.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Chiara dice a Luca che, se fosse in lui, prenoterebbe subito il rifugio: tra una settimana sar\u00e0 tutto esaurito.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Chiara dice a Luca che, se sarebbe in lui, prenoterebbe subito il rifugio: tra una settimana sar\u00e0 tutto esaurito.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Chiara dice a Luca che, se \u00e8 in lui, prenoterebbe subito il rifugio: tra una settimana sar\u00e0 tutto esaurito.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Se sarebbero partiti all'alba, sarebbero stati al rifugio per pranzo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Se fossero partiti all'alba, sarebbero stati al rifugio per pranzo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_65_6418\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Se fossero partiti all'alba, ora sarebbero al rifugio per pranzo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 right out of 6.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Five traps to remember:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:8px 0 8px 40px;padding-left:8px;\">\n<li><strong>Never se + condizionale<\/strong>: <em>Se avessi tempo, andrei<\/em>, never <em>Se avrei tempo, andrei<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Hypothetical situation = type 2, not type 1: <em>Se vincessi la lotteria, comprerei&#8230;<\/em>, not <em>Se vinco, comprerei<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Past hypothesis + <strong>present<\/strong> consequence = mixed (cong. trapassato + cond. presente).<\/li>\n<li><em>Qualora<\/em>, <em>purch\u00e9<\/em>, <em>nel caso in cui<\/em>: all require <strong>congiuntivo<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Se fossi in te<\/em> is the fixed idiom (never <em>se sarei in te<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p>Each trio targets one specific error:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:8px 0 8px 40px;padding-left:8px;\">\n<li>Conditional inside the se-clause (the classic English-speaker slip).<\/li>\n<li>Wrong type for the situation (indicative for hypotheticals).<\/li>\n<li>Pure type 3 vs mixed (past consequence vs present consequence).<\/li>\n<li>Indicative after <em>qualora<\/em> (should be subjunctive).<\/li>\n<li>The <em>Se fossi in te<\/em> idiom.<\/li>\n<li>Type 3 with both halves in the past (consequence cond. passato, not cond. presente).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: 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class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seven questions about the italian if clauses come up in every B2 cohort. The answers below draw on classroom usage and on the Treccani entry on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/periodo-ipotetico_(La-grammatica-italiana)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">periodo ipotetico<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-pi-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between type 2 and type 3 italian if clauses?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Type 2 talks about a present or future hypothesis that is imaginable but not true right now: Se avessi tempo, andrei al cinema means if I had time, I would go. Type 3 talks about the past: Se avessi avuto tempo, sarei andato means if I had had time, I would have gone. Type 2 uses congiuntivo imperfetto plus condizionale presente; type 3 uses congiuntivo trapassato plus condizionale passato.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pi-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I really say Se avevo tempo, andavo in spoken Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, in informal spoken Italian. Native speakers collapse the type 3 construction (Se avessi avuto tempo, sarei andato) into two imperfetti (Se avevo tempo, andavo) in everyday speech. The imperfetto plus imperfetto version is universally understood and widely used, but it is considered colloquial. Use it with friends; avoid it in essays, exams, business emails, and any formal register.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pi-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is Se avrei tempo, andrei wrong?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because the se-clause requires the subjunctive, not the conditional. The conditional lives only in the main clause. The correct form is Se avessi tempo, andrei. This rule has no exceptions in standard Italian, regardless of register: Se avrei is always ungrammatical. It is the single most common mistake English speakers make at B1 and B2 with the italian if clauses.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pi-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is a mixed conditional in Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A mixed conditional pairs a past hypothesis with a present consequence, or vice versa. The standard mixed pattern is congiuntivo trapassato plus condizionale presente: Se avessi studiato medicina, adesso lavorerei in ospedale means if I had studied medicine, I would be working in a hospital now. You build it on purpose when the time of the hypothesis and the time of the consequence do not match.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pi-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Are qualora and se interchangeable?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not really. Both introduce a conditional clause, but qualora is formal and requires the subjunctive without exception: Qualora il volo fosse cancellato (should the flight be cancelled). Qualora belongs to legal documents, airline announcements, and formal writing. Se is neutral and works in every register from casual chat to academic prose. Using qualora in a friendly message sounds pompous.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pi-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I say If I were you in Italian?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Se fossi in te, or more fully Se fossi al tuo posto. The verb is congiuntivo imperfetto of essere. The main clause takes the condizionale presente: Se fossi in te, accetterei il lavoro means if I were you, I would take the job. Italian uses in te (in you) or al tuo posto (in your place); a literal translation with Se fossi tu would be ungrammatical. The idiom is one of the most natural italian if clauses for offering advice.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-pi-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does type 1 really use the future in both clauses?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It can. Type 1 italian if clauses use any indicative tense that matches the meaning: presente, passato prossimo, or futuro. When the whole event is projected into the future, both halves go to the futuro: Se comprer\u00f2 il biglietto in anticipo, risparmier\u00f2 venti euro means if I buy the ticket in advance, I will save twenty euros. English uses the future only in the main clause, so keep an eye on that asymmetry in translation exercises.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three guides that pair with the italian if clauses, plus the institutional reference on the topic.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subjunctive-tenses\/\">Italian Subjunctive Tenses<\/a>: the full congiuntivo system that drives the se-clause in types 2 and 3.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-conditional\/\">Italian Conditional<\/a>: the condizionale presente and passato that live in the main clause.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subordinating-conjunctions\/\">Italian Subordinating Conjunctions<\/a>: qualora, purch\u00e9, nel caso in cui and the formal alternatives to se.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/periodo-ipotetico_(La-grammatica-italiana)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treccani: periodo ipotetico<\/a>: institutional reference on the three types and the formal alternatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian if clauses (periodo ipotetico) come in three flavours: real, possible, impossible. Real (type 1) uses the indicative on both sides: Se piove, prendo l&#8217;ombrello. Possible (type 2) pairs congiuntivo imperfetto with condizionale presente: Se avessi tempo, andrei. Impossible (type 3) pairs congiuntivo trapassato with condizionale passato: Se avessi saputo, sarei venuto. &#8230; <a title=\"Italian If-Clauses (Periodo Ipotetico): Types 1, 2, 3 and Mixed\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-if-clauses\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian If-Clauses (Periodo Ipotetico): Types 1, 2, 3 and Mixed\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":15448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1866],"tags":[798,34,35,36,1120,29,800],"class_list":["post-14755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b2","tag-conditional-sentences","tag-condizionale","tag-congiuntivo","tag-imperativo","tag-imperfetto-ipotetico","tag-indicativo","tag-periodo-ipotetico","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14755"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60425,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14755\/revisions\/60425"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}