{"id":14078,"date":"2015-05-20T02:01:51","date_gmt":"2015-05-19T17:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=14078"},"modified":"2026-05-25T08:25:41","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T23:25:41","slug":"italian-sequence-of-tenses-indicativo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-sequence-of-tenses-indicativo\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Sequence of Tenses (Indicativo): Concordanza Dei Tempi (B2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> The <strong>italian sequence of tenses<\/strong> in the indicative mood (&#8220;concordanza dei tempi&#8221;) sets the rules for matching the verb in a subordinate clause to the verb in the main clause, based on three temporal relations: contemporaneit\u00e0 (same time), anteriorit\u00e0 (before the main clause), posteriorit\u00e0 (after the main clause). This guide walks through the three scenarios, main clause in <em>presente<\/em>, in a past tense, in <em>futuro<\/em>, with the audio examples and tense charts you need to chain Italian tenses naturally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you already know the eight indicative tenses individually (see our Italian Indicativo Tenses hub), this post shows you how to combine them: which past goes with which past, when <em>presente<\/em> stands in for the future, when the <em>condizionale composto<\/em> becomes the &#8220;future-in-the-past.&#8221; B2 learners get this wrong half the time. Twenty minutes here and you&#8217;ll get it right going forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-seq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-seq gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What the italian sequence of tenses is<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#three-relations\">The three temporal relations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#scenario-1\">Scenario 1: main clause in presente<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#scenario-2\">Scenario 2: main clause in a past tense<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#scenario-3\">Scenario 3: main clause in futuro<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#future-in-past\">Future-in-the-past: condizionale composto<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#presente-for-future\">Presente standing in for futuro<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#state-verbs\">State verbs: sapere, credere, pensare<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian sequence of tenses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: reporting yesterday&#8217;s bookshop meeting<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What the italian sequence of tenses is<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian sequence of tenses (<em>concordanza dei tempi<\/em>, or <em>consecutio temporum<\/em> using the Latin label still found in grammars) is the set of rules that match the verb of a subordinate clause to the verb of the main clause. The main clause is your anchor; the subordinate clause moves around it forward, backward, or in parallel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide covers the indicative mood only. The subjunctive has its own sequence rules (see our dedicated post on Italian Subjunctive Tenses). The indicative version is more flexible because the eight indicative tenses (presente, imperfetto, passato prossimo, passato remoto, trapassato prossimo, trapassato remoto, futuro semplice, futuro anteriore) carry temporal information directly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three things drive the choice: the tense of the main clause, the relation between the two actions (contemporaneit\u00e0, anteriorit\u00e0, posteriorit\u00e0), and the register (some combinations like <em>passato remoto<\/em> appear only in writing).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"three-relations\">The three temporal relations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian sequence of tenses revolves around three temporal relations: simultaneous, anterior, posterior. Every sequence of tenses problem boils down to one of three relations between the main clause and the subordinate clause.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Contemporaneit\u00e0<\/strong>. The two actions happen at the same time. <em>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro va in vacanza adesso.<\/em><br><em>I&#8217;m happy because Pietro is going on holiday now.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Anteriorit\u00e0<\/strong>. The subordinate action happens before the main one. <em>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro \u00e8 andato in vacanza la settimana scorsa.<\/em><br><em>I&#8217;m happy because Pietro went on holiday last week.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Posteriorit\u00e0<\/strong>. The subordinate action happens after the main one. <em>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro andr\u00e0 in vacanza il mese prossimo.<\/em><br><em>I&#8217;m happy because Pietro will go on holiday next month.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Same main clause (<em>sono felice<\/em>, present), three different subordinate tenses to express three different relations. The Italian system is logical: present for now, a past tense for earlier, futuro for later. The complication starts when the main clause is itself in a past tense, because the temporal anchor shifts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scenario-1\">Scenario 1: main clause in presente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scenario 1 of italian sequence of tenses: main clause in presente, subordinate adjusts to one of three tenses. When the main clause is in <em>presente<\/em>, the sequence is the simplest case. You map each relation to its natural tense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Relation<\/th><th>Subordinate tense<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Contemporaneit\u00e0<\/td><td>presente<\/td><td>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro va in vacanza.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Anteriorit\u00e0 (vicino)<\/td><td>passato prossimo<\/td><td>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro \u00e8 andato in vacanza.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Anteriorit\u00e0 (lontano\/letterario)<\/td><td>passato remoto<\/td><td>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro and\u00f2 in vacanza nel 1985.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Anteriorit\u00e0 (ripetuta nel passato)<\/td><td>imperfetto<\/td><td>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro andava in vacanza ogni estate.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Posteriorit\u00e0<\/td><td>futuro semplice<\/td><td>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro andr\u00e0 in vacanza.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Posteriorit\u00e0 (vicina\/sicura)<\/td><td>presente con valore futuro<\/td><td>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro va in vacanza domani.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/consecutio-ind1.mp3\" preload=\"false\"><\/audio><figcaption>Scenario 1: reggente al presente.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The three forms of anteriorit\u00e0 (passato prossimo, passato remoto, imperfetto) are not interchangeable. Passato prossimo is the default for completed past actions. Passato remoto is reserved for written narrative or southern speech; using it in everyday conversation about yesterday sounds odd. Imperfetto is for repeated or habitual past states.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-imp\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Imperfect with imperativo.<\/strong> The italian sequence of tenses also works when the main clause is an imperative (it counts as present). <em>Sii felice perch\u00e9 sei andato in vacanza!<\/em> = &#8220;Be happy: you went on holiday!&#8221; The subordinate carries the temporal relation; the main clause stays bare.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scenario-2\">Scenario 2: main clause in a past tense<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scenario 2 of italian sequence of tenses: main clause in a past tense, subordinate picks imperfetto, trapassato or condizionale composto. When the main clause is in a past tense (imperfetto, passato prossimo, passato remoto, trapassato), the sequence shifts everything backward. Contemporaneit\u00e0 is no longer presente but imperfetto; anteriorit\u00e0 is no longer passato prossimo but trapassato prossimo; posteriorit\u00e0 is no longer futuro but condizionale composto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Relation<\/th><th>Subordinate tense<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Contemporaneit\u00e0<\/td><td>imperfetto<\/td><td>Ero felice perch\u00e9 Pietro andava in vacanza in quei giorni.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Anteriorit\u00e0<\/td><td>trapassato prossimo<\/td><td>Ero felice perch\u00e9 Pietro era andato in vacanza la settimana prima.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Posteriorit\u00e0 (future-in-the-past)<\/td><td>condizionale composto<\/td><td>Ero felice perch\u00e9 Pietro sarebbe andato in vacanza il mese dopo.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Posteriorit\u00e0 informale<\/td><td>imperfetto (con valore di futuro nel passato)<\/td><td>Ero felice perch\u00e9 Pietro andava in vacanza il mese dopo.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/consecutio-ind2.mp3\" preload=\"false\"><\/audio><figcaption>Scenario 2: reggente al passato.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common combination is imperfetto plus imperfetto for two simultaneous past actions: <em>Mentre Caterina cuciva, Pietro leggeva<\/em>. But you can mix tenses when one action is completed and the other is ongoing: <em>Ero felice perch\u00e9 Pietro \u00e8 andato in vacanza ieri<\/em> (&#8220;I was happy because Pietro went on holiday yesterday&#8221;) works too, with a slight shift in perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The trickiest case is posteriorit\u00e0: future-from-a-past-anchor. Standard Italian uses the <em>condizionale composto<\/em> (<em>sarebbe andato<\/em>), not the futuro semplice. This is the &#8220;future-in-the-past&#8221; pattern that English handles with &#8220;would + verb&#8221;: <em>He said he would go<\/em> = <em>Ha detto che sarebbe andato<\/em>. Spoken Italian increasingly accepts the imperfetto here (<em>Ha detto che andava<\/em>), but in writing and exams you must use the condizionale composto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"scenario-3\">Scenario 3: main clause in futuro<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scenario 3 of italian sequence of tenses: main clause in futuro, subordinate goes future-in-the-future. When the main clause is in the futuro, the system uses the futuro for contemporaneous events, the futuro anteriore for anterior events, and the futuro for posterior events. Italian here is logical: future anchored, future for what happens within or after.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Relation<\/th><th>Subordinate tense<\/th><th>Example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Contemporaneit\u00e0<\/td><td>futuro semplice (o presente)<\/td><td>Sar\u00f2 felice quando Pietro andr\u00e0 \/ va in vacanza.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Anteriorit\u00e0 (within future)<\/td><td>futuro anteriore<\/td><td>Sar\u00f2 felice quando Pietro sar\u00e0 andato in vacanza.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Anteriorit\u00e0 (past time)<\/td><td>passato prossimo o presente<\/td><td>Sar\u00f2 felice quando avr\u00f2 ricevuto \/ ricevo la sua telefonata.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Posteriorit\u00e0<\/td><td>futuro semplice<\/td><td>Sar\u00f2 felice quando Pietro torner\u00e0 dalla sua vacanza.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/consecutio-ind3.mp3\" preload=\"false\"><\/audio><figcaption>Scenario 3: reggente al futuro.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> (<em>sar\u00f2 andato<\/em>, <em>avr\u00f2 letto<\/em>) is the workhorse for anteriority within a future scenario. English usually translates it with the present perfect or a simple past: <em>Quando avr\u00f2 finito il romanzo, ti chiamer\u00f2<\/em> = &#8220;When I have finished the novel, I&#8217;ll call you&#8221; or &#8220;When I finish the novel, I&#8217;ll call you.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quando arriver\u00e0 Elena alla libreria, sar\u00e0 gi\u00e0 passata da Caterina per il vestito nuovo.<br><em>When Elena arrives at the bookshop, she will have already passed by Caterina for the new dress.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Mi farai sapere quando avrai letto il romanzo di Pennacchi.<br><em>You&#8217;ll let me know once you&#8217;ve read the Pennacchi novel.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro chiuder\u00e0 la libreria appena Matteo sar\u00e0 tornato da Modena.<br><em>Pietro will close the bookshop as soon as Matteo has come back from Modena.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"future-in-past\">Future-in-the-past: condizionale composto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A core piece of italian sequence of tenses: future-in-the-past requires condizionale composto in the subordinate. The single most distinctive feature of the indicative sequence is the <em>condizionale composto<\/em> for the future-in-the-past. English uses &#8220;would + verb&#8221;; Italian uses <em>sarei andato<\/em>, <em>avrebbe detto<\/em>, <em>avremmo letto<\/em>. Not the simple conditional (<em>andrei<\/em>), not the imperfetto in formal writing.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caterina mi ha detto che avrebbe finito il vestito di Elena entro venerd\u00ec.<br><em>Caterina told me she would finish Elena&#8217;s dress by Friday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro pensava che il pacco sarebbe arrivato il giorno dopo, non tre giorni dopo.<br><em>Pietro thought the parcel would arrive the next day, not three days later.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Sapevo che Matteo sarebbe tornato a Modena per Pasqua, come tutti gli anni.<br><em>I knew Matteo would come back to Modena for Easter, like every year.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The logic: from a past anchor (<em>mi ha detto<\/em>), Italian still uses a tense that signals &#8220;after that past moment&#8221;. The conditional composto carries this &#8220;future-in-the-past&#8221; meaning. English speakers often try <em>andrebbe<\/em> here, which is wrong: the simple conditional means a present\/future hypothesis (<em>I would go if I could<\/em>), not a past prediction.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-condcomp\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Spoken shortcut.<\/strong> In conversation, Italians often replace the condizionale composto with the imperfetto: <em>Mi ha detto che partiva il giorno dopo<\/em>. Both are acceptable in speech; in writing and formal exams the condizionale composto is mandatory. Listening: you will hear the imperfetto version far more often than the textbook form.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"presente-for-future\">Presente standing in for futuro<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One more pattern shapes the italian sequence of tenses: the present indicative can replace the futuro when the action is close, planned, certain. This works in both the main clause and the subordinate.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Domani parto per Trieste alle sei.<br><em>Tomorrow I leave for Trieste at six.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Caterina arriva tra dieci minuti.<br><em>I&#8217;m happy because Caterina is arriving in ten minutes.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pietro mi ha detto che apre la libreria alle nove anche sabato.<br><em>Pietro told me he opens the bookshop at nine on Saturday too.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Be careful: if the future is uncertain or far away, you must use the futuro. <em>Pietro andr\u00e0 in pensione nel 2040<\/em>, not <em>Pietro va in pensione nel 2040<\/em>. The latter would sound as if it had already been confirmed and was scheduled like a train departure.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Pick the right tense to complete each sequence of tenses sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro ___ (partire, presente) per Trieste oggi pomeriggio.<\/li>\n<li>Sapevo che Caterina ___ (chiudere, condizionale composto) la sartoria alle sei.<\/li>\n<li>Quando Elena ___ (arrivare, futuro anteriore), saremo gi\u00e0 al ristorante.<\/li>\n<li>Pietro disse che Matteo ___ (tornare, condizionale composto) da Modena il giorno dopo.<\/li>\n<li>Sar\u00f2 felice quando ___ (io leggere, futuro anteriore) l&#8217;ultimo romanzo di Pennacchi.<\/li>\n<li>Ero stanco perch\u00e9 ___ (io camminare, trapassato prossimo) tutto il giorno per Lucca.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. parte (presente for near certain future) \u00b7 2. avrebbe chiuso (future-in-past) \u00b7 3. sar\u00e0 arrivata (futuro anteriore for anteriority within future) \u00b7 4. sarebbe tornato (future-in-past) \u00b7 5. avr\u00f2 letto (futuro anteriore) \u00b7 6. avevo camminato (trapassato prossimo for anteriority on past main)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"state-verbs\">State verbs: sapere, credere, pensare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One slippery corner of the italian sequence of tenses involves verbs of cognition and opinion: <em>sapere, credere, pensare, ritenere, immaginare, sospettare<\/em>. When the main clause uses one of these verbs in the past, the subordinate clause must shift even if the underlying fact is still true at the moment of speaking.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sapevo che Caterina abitava a Lucca. (still true today, but anchored in past)<br><em>I knew Caterina lived in Lucca.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pensavo che Pietro chiudesse la libreria alle sette tutti i giorni.<br><em>I thought Pietro closed the bookshop at seven every day.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Non sapevo che Matteo avesse vissuto a Modena prima di trasferirsi a Berlino.<br><em>I didn&#8217;t know Matteo had lived in Modena before moving to Berlin.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">English learners are tempted to keep the subordinate in the presente because the fact is still real (<em>I knew Caterina lives in Lucca<\/em>). In Italian this clashes with the past anchor: the sequence wins over the real timeline. Same with cognition verbs that take the subjunctive (<em>pensavo, credevo, ritenevo<\/em>): the subordinate goes to imperfect subjunctive even if the content is timeless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The one exception is universal truths or facts the speaker presents as still valid in the moment of speaking, where some modern grammars allow the presente: <em>Sapevo che la Terra \u00e8 rotonda<\/em> (the roundness of the Earth has not changed). In doubt, stick to the past sequence: it will never sound wrong, and it is the form your B2 exam graders expect every time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian sequence of tenses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A one-glance recap of italian sequence of tenses across every main-clause scenario. One table summarising the sequence for the indicative mood across all three scenarios. Keep it open while drafting reported speech, narrative paragraphs, or any sentence with a subordinate clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Main clause<\/th><th>Contemporaneit\u00e0<\/th><th>Anteriorit\u00e0<\/th><th>Posteriorit\u00e0<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Presente (sono, vado)<\/td><td>presente<\/td><td>passato prossimo \/ imperfetto \/ passato remoto<\/td><td>futuro semplice (o presente)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Passato prossimo \/ passato remoto \/ imperfetto<\/td><td>imperfetto<\/td><td>trapassato prossimo \/ passato remoto<\/td><td>condizionale composto (o imperfetto informale)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Trapassato prossimo (avevo letto)<\/td><td>imperfetto<\/td><td>trapassato prossimo \/ trapassato remoto<\/td><td>condizionale composto<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Futuro semplice (andr\u00f2)<\/td><td>futuro semplice \/ presente<\/td><td>futuro anteriore (sar\u00f2 andato)<\/td><td>futuro semplice<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Futuro anteriore (sar\u00f2 andato)<\/td><td>futuro semplice \/ presente<\/td><td>futuro anteriore<\/td><td>futuro semplice (raro)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Imperativo (sii, va&#8217;)<\/td><td>presente<\/td><td>passato prossimo<\/td><td>futuro semplice<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three mistakes English speakers make with italian sequence of tenses. Three slips with the sequence flag a B2 sentence as written by a learner. Fixing them is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Using the simple conditional for future-in-the-past. Wrong: <em>Pietro ha detto che andrebbe a Roma il giorno dopo<\/em>. Correct: <em>Pietro ha detto che sarebbe andato a Roma il giorno dopo<\/em>. The future-in-the-past after a past anchor is always the condizionale composto, never the condizionale semplice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Forgetting the trapassato prossimo for anteriority on a past main clause. Wrong: <em>Ero stanco perch\u00e9 ho lavorato tutto il giorno<\/em>. Correct: <em>Ero stanco perch\u00e9 avevo lavorato tutto il giorno<\/em>. When both verbs are past and one comes before the other, the earlier one needs the trapassato.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Using presente for a distant or uncertain future. Wrong: <em>Pietro va in pensione tra vent&#8217;anni<\/em>. Correct: <em>Pietro andr\u00e0 in pensione tra vent&#8217;anni<\/em>. The presente-for-future only works when the future is near and certain (timetabled events, planned appointments, definite arrangements).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Rewrite each main clause from presente to passato, adjusting the subordinate tense to keep the same temporal relation.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Pietro \u00e8 arrivato. \u2192 Ero felice perch\u00e9 ___<\/li>\n<li>Pietro dice che parte domani. \u2192 Pietro disse che ___<\/li>\n<li>Sono felice perch\u00e9 Caterina va in vacanza. \u2192 Ero felice perch\u00e9 ___<\/li>\n<li>Pietro pensa che il pacco arriver\u00e0 la settimana prossima. \u2192 Pietro pensava che ___<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. Ero felice perch\u00e9 Pietro era arrivato. (trapassato prossimo) \u00b7 2. Pietro disse che sarebbe partito il giorno dopo. (condizionale composto) \u00b7 3. Ero felice perch\u00e9 Caterina andava in vacanza. (imperfetto) \u00b7 4. Pietro pensava che il pacco sarebbe arrivato la settimana dopo. (condizionale composto)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: reporting yesterday&#8217;s bookshop meeting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A short dialogue reporting yesterday&#8217;s bookshop meeting shows italian sequence of tenses in living speech. Elena calls Caterina on a Wednesday morning to recount what Pietro told her at the bookshop the day before. Watch the sequence across reported speech: every &#8220;today&#8221; becomes &#8220;the day before&#8221;, every futuro becomes condizionale composto, every presente becomes imperfetto.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-seq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Caterina, ti chiamo perch\u00e9 ieri sono passata in libreria e Pietro mi ha raccontato un sacco di cose interessanti.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Dimmi tutto. Cosa ti ha detto?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Mi ha detto che la libreria andava molto bene quest&#8217;anno e che a Natale aveva venduto pi\u00f9 romanzi degli ultimi cinque anni messi insieme.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Che bello! E sui progetti?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Mi ha confidato che avrebbe aperto un secondo punto vendita a Pisa l&#8217;anno prossimo, e che stava gi\u00e0 cercando il locale giusto vicino all&#8217;universit\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Davvero? Sapeva gi\u00e0 quando avrebbe firmato il contratto?<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Non ancora, ma mi ha promesso che mi avrebbe avvisata appena avesse avuto una data. E sapeva benissimo che gli avrei chiesto di tenermi aggiornata.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Quando ci rivediamo, dimmi tutti i dettagli. Stasera passo da te se sei in casa.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the tense moves Elena makes when reporting Pietro: <em>andava<\/em> (imperfetto for contemporaneit\u00e0), <em>aveva venduto<\/em> (trapassato for anteriorit\u00e0), <em>avrebbe aperto<\/em> and <em>avrebbe firmato<\/em> and <em>avrebbe avvisata<\/em> (condizionale composto for posteriorit\u00e0), <em>stava cercando<\/em> (imperfetto progressivo for ongoing background). All anchored on Pietro&#8217;s original &#8220;ha detto&#8221;, &#8220;ha confidato&#8221;, &#8220;ha promesso&#8221; in the past.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Recount a conversation you had yesterday in three sentences, applying the sequence: one with contemporaneit\u00e0 (imperfetto), one with anteriorit\u00e0 (trapassato prossimo), one with posteriorit\u00e0 (condizionale composto). Read them out loud to feel how natural the shift is in connected speech.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below tests the sequence across all three scenarios, with traps on future-in-the-past, trapassato anteriority, and the presente-for-future shortcut.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-seq\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_95\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Sequence of Tenses (Indicativo): Concordanza Dei Tempi (B2)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F14078\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F14078\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"768e38c0f2\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14078\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; 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? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"231\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Concordanza dei tempi: scegli la forma<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"226\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Sequence of tenses: spot the correct sentence<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Rinforziamo le basi su questo argomento.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Un <strong>Pacchetto da 10 Lezioni<\/strong> ti d&agrave; dieci sessioni di 55 minuti con un insegnante madrelingua, ai tuoi tempi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Pacchetto 10 Lezioni<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Pacchetto 10 Lezioni\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri il Pacchetto 10 Lezioni &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottima base. Costruiamoci sopra.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Una <strong>lezione settimanale 1:1<\/strong> ti d&agrave; il ritmo e il feedback personalizzato per trasformare ci&ograve; che sai in italiano che parli senza pensarci.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Lezione settimanale 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">Individuale<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Lezione settimanale 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Qualsiasi livello<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Sessione individuale di 55 minuti su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Insegnante madrelingua personale<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Materiali interattivi online<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Compiti dopo ogni lezione<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Prenota una lezione 1:1 settimanale &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Ottimo lavoro. Sei pronto\/a per il gruppo.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong> ti porta nell&#8217;italiano vero, al ritmo dei madrelingua.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Il tuo risultato &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! Ce l&#8217;hai fatta.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Il nostro consiglio.<\/strong> Sei pronto\/a per <strong>Quattro Chiacchiere (B2-C1)<\/strong>, 100% in italiano.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Prossimo passo consigliato<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Quattro Chiacchiere<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">B2-C1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/4-chiacchierebianco.webp\" alt=\"Quattro Chiacchiere\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">100% in italiano<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Piccoli gruppi, max 4 studenti<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Lezioni settimanali su Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammatica, lettura, vocabolario, ascolto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=2\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Scopri Quattro Chiacchiere &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Concordanza dei tempi: scegli il tempo giusto<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Setting.<\/strong> Olimpia gestisce una piccola pasticceria storica nel cuore di Parma, dove Costantino, giornalista culturale freelance, passa ogni settimana per la rubrica del gioved&igrave;. Rosaria cuce abiti da sposa su misura in un piccolo atelier di Reggio Emilia, Edoardo tiene aperta una libreria indipendente a Cremona, Valerio segue restauri di affreschi fra Piacenza e Aosta, e Mafalda gira fra le fiere campionarie del Nord (Sondrio, Aosta, Piacenza) per agganciare nuovi clienti.<\/p>\n<p><em>For each item, read the hint in parentheses (infinitive + tense, plus person when ambiguous) and type the conjugated form in the gap. The main clause anchors the sequence; the subordinate must match.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>If your keyboard does not have Italian accents<\/strong>, you can type an apostrophe instead. For example, write <code>e'<\/code> for <code>&egrave;<\/code>, <code>sara'<\/code> for <code>sar&agrave;<\/code>, <code>avra'<\/code> for <code>avr&agrave;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6673\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Olimpia \u00e8 contenta perch\u00e9 Costantino (arrivare - passato prossimo, lui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"11\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(\u00e8 arrivato, e' arrivato)<\/span><\/span> in pasticceria gi\u00e0 stamattina con il taccuino sotto il braccio.<br><br><em>Olimpia is happy because Costantino has already arrived at the pastry shop this morning with his notebook under his arm.<\/em><\/li><li>Rosaria sorride al ricordo: da bambina, suo padre le (raccontare - imperfetto, lui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(raccontava)<\/span><\/span> una storia diversa ogni sera prima di dormire.<br><br><em>Rosaria smiles at the memory: as a child, her father used to tell her a different story every evening before bed.<\/em><\/li><li>Edoardo \u00e8 convinto che Mafalda (passare - futuro semplice, lei) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"8\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(passer\u00e0, passera')<\/span><\/span> dalla libreria di Cremona domani pomeriggio per ritirare i cataloghi della fiera.<br><br><em>Edoardo is convinced that Mafalda will stop by the Cremona bookshop tomorrow afternoon to pick up the fair catalogues.<\/em><\/li><li>Olimpia era nervosa perch\u00e9 in quei giorni il forno (funzionare - imperfetto, esso) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"10\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(funzionava)<\/span><\/span> a singhiozzo e i cornetti non lievitavano come dovevano.<br><br><em>Olimpia was on edge because in those days the oven was working only intermittently and the croissants were not rising as they should.<\/em><\/li><li>Valerio era stanchissimo la sera perch\u00e9 (camminare - trapassato prossimo, lui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"15\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(aveva camminato)<\/span><\/span> tutto il giorno fra le sale del museo civico di Piacenza per supervisionare il restauro degli affreschi.<br><br><em>Valerio was exhausted in the evening because he had walked all day through the halls of the Piacenza civic museum supervising the fresco restoration.<\/em><\/li><li>Rosaria si \u00e8 accorta troppo tardi che il sarto del piano di sopra le (consegnare - trapassato prossimo, lui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(aveva consegnato)<\/span><\/span> il tessuto sbagliato per il completo di Edoardo.<br><br><em>Rosaria realised too late that the tailor upstairs had delivered the wrong fabric for Edoardo's suit.<\/em><\/li><li>Costantino ha promesso a Olimpia che la (intervistare - condizionale passato, lui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"20\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avrebbe intervistata)<\/span><\/span> per la rubrica culturale del gioved\u00ec, non appena tornato da Sondrio.<br><br><em>Costantino promised Olimpia that he would interview her for the Thursday cultural column, as soon as he got back from Sondrio.<\/em><\/li><li>Olimpia pensava che il pacco di farina di castagne (arrivare - condizionale passato, esso) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"16\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sarebbe arrivato)<\/span><\/span> il giorno dopo, non tre giorni dopo come \u00e8 invece successo.<br><br><em>Olimpia thought the chestnut-flour parcel would arrive the next day, not three days later as actually happened.<\/em><\/li><li>Valerio ha avvisato la parrocchia di Aosta che il restauro del campanile (richiedere - condizionale passato, esso) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"17\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avrebbe richiesto)<\/span><\/span> altri sei mesi di lavoro, vista la complessit\u00e0 degli affreschi del tamburo.<br><br><em>Valerio warned the Aosta parish that the bell-tower restoration would require another six months of work, given the complexity of the drum frescoes.<\/em><\/li><li>Mafalda chiamer\u00e0 Rosaria appena (finire - futuro anteriore, lei) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"12\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(avr\u00e0 finito, avra' finito)<\/span><\/span> di sistemare l'ultimo abito da sposa per la sfilata di Piacenza.<br><br><em>Mafalda will call Rosaria as soon as she has finished adjusting the last wedding dress for the Piacenza fashion show.<\/em><\/li><li>Edoardo chiuder\u00e0 la libreria di Cremona soltanto quando Valerio (tornare - futuro anteriore, lui) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"13\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sar\u00e0 tornato, sara' tornato)<\/span><\/span> dal restauro del chiostro di Reggio Emilia con i campioni di intonaco.<br><br><em>Edoardo will close the Cremona bookshop only when Valerio has come back from the Reggio Emilia cloister restoration with the plaster samples.<\/em><\/li><li>Costantino sapeva che Rosaria (abitare - imperfetto, lei) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"7\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(abitava)<\/span><\/span> a Reggio Emilia da almeno dieci anni, anche se nel suo articolo le aveva assegnato un atelier a Parma.<br><br><em>Costantino knew that Rosaria had been living in Reggio Emilia for at least ten years, even though in his article he had placed her atelier in Parma.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 su 12. Concordanza dei tempi gestita in tutti e quattro gli scenari.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Ripasso dei quattro scenari della <em>concordanza dei tempi<\/em> (sequence of tenses):<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Frase principale al presente.<\/strong> Anteriorit&agrave; nella subordinata &rarr; <em>passato prossimo<\/em> o <em>imperfetto<\/em>. Posteriorit&agrave; &rarr; <em>futuro<\/em>. Esempio: <em>Dice che &egrave; arrivato<\/em> \/ <em>arriver&agrave;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Frase principale al passato.<\/strong> Contemporaneit&agrave; &rarr; <em>imperfetto<\/em>. Anteriorit&agrave; &rarr; <em>trapassato prossimo<\/em>. Esempio: <em>Sapeva che lavorava da anni<\/em>; <em>Sapeva che aveva gi&agrave; lavorato in Francia<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Future-in-the-past.<\/strong> Quando l&#8217;azione &egrave; posteriore a un anchor passato, lo standard scritto richiede il <em>condizionale composto<\/em>: <em>sarebbe arrivato<\/em>, <em>avrebbe finito<\/em>. Nella lingua parlata, l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> (<em>arrivava<\/em>, <em>finiva<\/em>) &egrave; usato regolarmente con valore di posteriorit&agrave; ed &egrave; accettato; il manuale di norma preferisce il condizionale composto.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Frase principale al futuro.<\/strong> Anteriorit&agrave; &rarr; <em>futuro anteriore<\/em> (<em>sar&agrave; tornato<\/em>, <em>avr&agrave; finito<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>State verbs<\/strong> (<em>sapere<\/em>, <em>credere<\/em>, <em>pensare<\/em>) con anchor passato spostano sempre la subordinata indietro nel tempo, anche quando il fatto &egrave; ancora vero oggi.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Anchor first.<\/strong> Identify the tense of the main clause (presente, passato, futuro). Then ask: is the subordinate action at the same time, before, or after the main one? Choose the tense accordingly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Future-in-the-past = condizionale composto<\/strong>: <em>sarebbe arrivato<\/em>, <em>avrebbe detto<\/em>. Never the simple conditional (<em>arriverebbe<\/em>) and never the imperfetto in writing.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Verifica: pick the correct sentence in each trio<\/h3>\n<p><em>For each trio, only one sentence respects the indicative sequence of tenses. The other two break one of the three common mistakes from the lesson, or mishandle a futuro anteriore, state-verb shift, or reported speech.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6674\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> Costantino ha promesso a Olimpia che passerebbe dalla pasticceria di Parma il giorno dopo per finire l'intervista.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> Costantino ha promesso a Olimpia che sarebbe passato dalla pasticceria di Parma il giorno dopo per finire l'intervista.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> Costantino ha promesso a Olimpia che passava dalla pasticceria di Parma il giorno dopo per finire l'intervista.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Valerio era esausto perch\u00e9 ha camminato sulle impalcature del chiostro per dieci ore di fila sotto la pioggia battente.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Valerio era esausto perch\u00e9 camminava sulle impalcature del chiostro per dieci ore di fila sotto la pioggia battente.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Valerio era esausto perch\u00e9 aveva camminato sulle impalcature del chiostro per dieci ore di fila sotto la pioggia battente.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Valerio andr\u00e0 in pensione tra vent'anni, non l'anno prossimo come dicono i colleghi della soprintendenza di Parma.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Valerio va in pensione tra vent'anni, non l'anno prossimo come dicono i colleghi della soprintendenza di Parma.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Valerio andrebbe in pensione tra vent'anni, non l'anno prossimo come dicono i colleghi della soprintendenza di Parma.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Edoardo non sapeva che Rosaria parla correntemente francese fin dai tempi del liceo a Reggio Emilia.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Edoardo non sapeva che Rosaria avrebbe parlato correntemente francese fin dai tempi del liceo a Reggio Emilia.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Edoardo non sapeva che Rosaria parlava correntemente francese fin dai tempi del liceo a Reggio Emilia.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Mafalda chiamer\u00e0 Olimpia appena sar\u00e0 arrivata alla fiera campionaria di Aosta, probabilmente verso le undici.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Mafalda chiamer\u00e0 Olimpia appena \u00e8 arrivata alla fiera campionaria di Aosta, probabilmente verso le undici.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Mafalda chiamer\u00e0 Olimpia appena arriverebbe alla fiera campionaria di Aosta, probabilmente verso le undici.<hr\/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Rosaria ha raccontato a Costantino che cuce da quando aveva sei anni e che aprirebbe un atelier suo prima dei quaranta.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Rosaria ha raccontato a Costantino che cuciva da quando aveva sei anni e che avrebbe aperto un atelier suo prima dei quaranta.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_95_6674\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Rosaria ha raccontato a Costantino che cuciva da quando aveva sei anni e che aprir\u00e0 un atelier suo prima dei quaranta.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 su 6. Tutti i sei trii risolti correttamente.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>I sei trii coprono i tre errori pi&ugrave; comuni del pillar + tre casi limite:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trio 1. Future-in-the-past.<\/strong> Dopo un anchor passato lo scritto standard chiede <em>sarebbe passato<\/em> (condizionale composto). <em>Passerebbe<\/em> (condizionale semplice) &egrave; la slip pi&ugrave; comune. NB: nella lingua parlata l&#8217;<em>imperfetto<\/em> (<em>passava<\/em>) &egrave; accettato con valore di posteriorit&agrave;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trio 2. Two past verbs.<\/strong> Il pi&ugrave; antico va al <em>trapassato prossimo<\/em>: <em>aveva lavorato<\/em>, non <em>ha lavorato<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trio 3. Presente-for-future.<\/strong> Funziona solo per eventi imminenti e certi. Per &#8220;fra vent&#8217;anni&#8221; serve il <em>futuro<\/em>: <em>andr&agrave;<\/em>, non <em>va<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trio 4. State verbs con anchor passato.<\/strong> Nello scritto e nel registro formale, <em>sapere<\/em>\/<em>credere<\/em>\/<em>pensare<\/em> al passato chiedono <em>parlava<\/em>, non <em>parla<\/em>, anche se il fatto &egrave; ancora vero oggi (regola del backshift). <strong>Nota<\/strong>: nella lingua parlata l&#8217;<em>indicativo presente<\/em> (<em>parla<\/em>) &egrave; comunissimo e accettato quando la verit&agrave; &egrave; ancora attuale. La forma &#8220;corretta&#8221; qui &egrave; quella del registro scritto\/formale che il quiz testa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trio 5. Appena\/quando + futuro.<\/strong> Nello scenario futuro serve il <em>futuro anteriore<\/em>: <em>sar&agrave; arrivata<\/em>, non <em>&egrave; arrivata<\/em> n&eacute; <em>arriverebbe<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trio 6. Reported speech.<\/strong> Frase principale al passato sposta ogni tempo all&#8217;indietro: presente &rarr; imperfetto (<em>cuciva<\/em>), futuro &rarr; condizionale composto (<em>avrebbe aperto<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Two filters per trio.<\/strong> First check the main-clause anchor (presente, passato, futuro). Second check the relation between the verbs (simultaneous, anterior, posterior). The sentence that respects both is the correct one.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common slips in this set<\/strong>: simple conditional for future-in-the-past, passato prossimo where trapassato is needed, presente for distant future, presente kept after a past state verb.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_95',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 95,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"231\":12,\"226\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6673\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6673,\"catId\":231,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"\\u00e8 arrivato\",\"e' arrivato\"],[\"raccontava\"],[\"passer\\u00e0\",\"passera'\"],[\"funzionava\"],[\"aveva camminato\"],[\"aveva consegnato\"],[\"avrebbe intervistata\"],[\"sarebbe arrivato\"],[\"avrebbe richiesto\"],[\"avr\\u00e0 finito\",\"avra' finito\"],[\"sar\\u00e0 tornato\",\"sara' tornato\"],[\"abitava\"]]},\"6674\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6674,\"catId\":226,\"points\":[0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0],\"correct\":[0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about italian sequence of tenses come up in every B2 cohort. The answers below draw on real classroom usage and on the Crusca note <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sintassi-del-verbo-nelle-interrogative-indirette\/227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sintassi del verbo nelle interrogative indirette<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between sequence of tenses with the indicative and with the subjunctive?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The indicative carries its own temporal value, so you pick the subordinate tense based on the real time relation (contemporaneit\u00e0, anteriorit\u00e0, posteriorit\u00e0) anchored on the main clause. The subjunctive is more rule-driven and has only four tenses (presente, passato, imperfetto, trapassato) that must agree with the main clause according to a stricter pattern. For most B2 reported speech and narrative writing, indicative concordanza is the one you use; the subjunctive sequence appears with verbs of opinion, doubt, emotion, and in if-clauses.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I use the presente instead of the futuro in the subordinate clause?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, when the future action is near, certain, or scheduled. Domani parto per Trieste is correct because the trip is planned and imminent. Pietro mi ha detto che apre la libreria alle nove sabato is correct because Pietro&#8217;s decision is firm. With distant or uncertain future actions, you must use the futuro: Pietro andr\u00e0 in pensione nel 2050. The presente-for-future also works smoothly with time markers like domani, stasera, fra un&#8217;ora, alle sei.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I express future-in-the-past in italian sequence of tenses?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Use the condizionale composto (sarebbe andato, avrebbe detto, avremmo letto). This is the equivalent of English would + verb when reporting from a past anchor: He said he would go = Ha detto che sarebbe andato. Never use the simple conditional (andrebbe) for this purpose; that means a present or future hypothesis. In informal spoken Italian, the imperfetto can replace the condizionale composto (Ha detto che andava), but in writing and exams you must use the full form.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use trapassato prossimo for anteriority?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>When the main clause is in a past tense and the subordinate action happened before it. Ero stanco perch\u00e9 avevo lavorato tutto il giorno: my tiredness is past, the working that caused it is even further past. Trapassato prossimo (avevo + past participle) is the workhorse for this case. Trapassato remoto (ebbi lavorato) exists too but is reserved for very formal written narrative; you will read it in literature, not produce it in B2.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is the reported-speech shortcut &#8216;mi ha detto che parte domani&#8217; correct?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, in conversation. The main clause is in passato prossimo with present reference (ha detto = just said), so the subordinate can use the presente for a near-certain future. The strictly correct form is Mi ha detto che parte domani (presente-for-future) or Mi ha detto che sarebbe partito il giorno dopo (formal condizionale composto in indirect speech mode). Both work; the first is what you hear daily, the second is what you read in journalism.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What&#8217;s contemporaneit\u00e0, anteriorit\u00e0, posteriorit\u00e0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>They are the three temporal relations the italian sequence of tenses handles. Contemporaneit\u00e0 = same time as the main clause. Anteriorit\u00e0 = before the main clause. Posteriorit\u00e0 = after the main clause. The subordinate tense changes depending on (a) which relation you want and (b) what tense the main clause is in. Same main clause + three relations = three different subordinate tenses. The cheat sheet above shows all combinations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now that italian sequence of tenses clicks, keep going with the guides below. The italian sequence of tenses system pays off the more you read native Italian text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Continue exploring italian sequence of tenses with the guides below. Three guides that pair well with this one, plus an institutional reference on tense sequence in indirect questions.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/tenses-italian-indicativo-mood\/\">Italian Indicativo Tenses: All 8<\/a>: the hub on individual indicative tenses, the foundation for the sequence rules covered here.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-indirect-speech\/\">Italian Indirect Speech: Tense Shift, Deixis<\/a>: how the sequence of tenses applies to reported speech specifically.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-subjunctive-tenses\/\">Italian Subjunctive Tenses<\/a>: the sister system, with its own four-tense sequence rules.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/sintassi-del-verbo-nelle-interrogative-indirette\/227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Sintassi del verbo nelle interrogative indirette<\/a>: institutional note on tense sequence in indirect questions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. The italian sequence of tenses in the indicative mood (&#8220;concordanza dei tempi&#8221;) sets the rules for matching the verb in a subordinate clause to the verb in the main clause, based on three temporal relations: contemporaneit\u00e0 (same time), anteriorit\u00e0 (before the main clause), posteriorit\u00e0 (after the main clause). This guide walks through &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Sequence of Tenses (Indicativo): Concordanza Dei Tempi (B2)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-sequence-of-tenses-indicativo\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Sequence of Tenses (Indicativo): Concordanza Dei Tempi (B2)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1866],"tags":[1168,1599,981,983,982],"class_list":["post-14078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b2","tag-concordanza-dei-tempi","tag-concordanza-indicativo","tag-consecutio","tag-grammatica","tag-italian-sequence-of-tenses","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14078"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60486,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14078\/revisions\/60486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}