{"id":1332,"date":"2013-05-15T20:43:57","date_gmt":"2013-05-15T18:43:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/?p=1332"},"modified":"2026-06-04T02:54:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T17:54:25","slug":"italian-simple-prepositions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-simple-prepositions\/","title":{"rendered":"Italian Simple Prepositions: Di, A, Da, In, Con, Su, Per, Tra\/Fra (A2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>In short.<\/strong> <strong>Italian simple prepositions<\/strong> (&#8220;preposizioni semplici&#8221;) are nine short invariable words that link a noun, pronoun, adverb, or infinitive to the rest of the sentence: <em>di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra<\/em>. Each one packs multiple functions (place, time, ownership, purpose, manner, cause, age, comparison), and several of them combine with the definite article to form the &#8220;preposizioni articolate&#8221; (del, al, dal, nel, sul, dei&#8230;). This hub walks through all nine, their main uses, and links to a dedicated deep-dive for each.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The hardest part of italian simple prepositions is not learning the list (nine words, easy). It is internalising which one to pick when English uses the same word for several Italian options. <em>Vado a Lucca<\/em> but <em>vado in Toscana<\/em>. <em>Il libro di Pietro<\/em> but <em>il regalo per Pietro<\/em>. The rules look small but they decide whether your Italian sounds native or translated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-toc-prep\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-toc-h-prep gb-headline-text\" style=\"text-align:center;font-size:24px\">Cosa impareremo oggi<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc46\ud83c\udffb Jump to section<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what\">What italian simple prepositions are<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#proper-vs-improper\">Proper vs improper prepositions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#di\">DI: ownership, material, topic, comparison<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#a\">A: location, motion, time, age<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#da\">DA: origin, agent, motion-from, duration<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#in\">IN: place inside, motion-to, means<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#con\">CON: company, instrument, manner<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#su\">SU: on, about, approximation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#per\">PER: destination, duration, reason, cause<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tra-fra\">TRA and FRA: between, among, in (time-from-now)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#articolate\">Preposizioni articolate: prep + article<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#example-bank\">Example bank: 40 sentences, one per use<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian simple prepositions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dialog\">Dialog: planning a trip from Lucca to Modena<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#related\">Related guides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What italian simple prepositions are<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian simple prepositions are nine invariable, monosyllabic (or near-monosyllabic) words placed before a noun, pronoun, adverb, or infinitive to specify its syntactic function. The Latin name <em>praeponere<\/em> means &#8220;to place before&#8221;, which is exactly what they do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The nine: <strong>di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra<\/strong>. They never change form (no gender, no number). They can fuse with the definite articles (il, lo, la, l&#8217;, i, gli, le) to make the <em>preposizioni articolate<\/em> (del, dello, alla, nell&#8217;, sui, etc.), but that is a separate topic we cover at the end of this guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each italian simple preposition has a primary semantic role and several secondary uses. The descriptions below pair Italian with the closest English equivalent, but mismatches are everywhere: <em>vado a Roma<\/em> means &#8220;I go to Rome&#8221;, <em>vivo a Lucca<\/em> means &#8220;I live in Lucca&#8221;. Same <em>a<\/em>, two English translations. Treat the English equivalents as starting points, not rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"proper-vs-improper\">Proper vs improper prepositions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian grammars distinguish <em>preposizioni proprie<\/em> (the nine simple ones plus their articulated combinations) from <em>preposizioni improprie<\/em> (longer words that can also function as adverbs or adjectives, such as <em>davanti, dietro, sopra, sotto, vicino, lontano, dopo, prima, durante<\/em>). The proper ones form a closed set; the improper ones are an open set that keeps growing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide covers only the nine proper italian simple prepositions. The improper ones (and the prepositional locutions like <em>a causa di, in mezzo a, per mezzo di<\/em>) deserve their own treatment. Memorise the nine first; the rest builds on top.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"di\">DI: ownership, material, topic, comparison<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Di<\/em> is the multitasker of italian simple prepositions. Its primary job is to mark possession (English &#8220;of&#8221; or the Saxon genitive &#8216;s). It also marks the material something is made of, the topic of a discussion, and the second element of a comparison.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ownership<\/strong>: La macchina di Pietro \u00e8 parcheggiata davanti alla libreria.<br><em>Pietro&#8217;s car is parked in front of the bookshop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Material<\/strong>: Caterina cuce un vestito di seta per il matrimonio.<br><em>Caterina is sewing a silk dress for the wedding.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Topic<\/strong>: A cena abbiamo parlato di Pennacchi e del nuovo romanzo.<br><em>At dinner we talked about Pennacchi and the new novel.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Time (day of week)<\/strong>: Vado al mercato di Lucca il sabato di mattina.<br><em>I go to the Lucca market on Saturday mornings.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Comparison<\/strong>: Lucca \u00e8 pi\u00f9 piccola di Modena ma pi\u00f9 grande di Lucignano.<br><em>Lucca is smaller than Modena but bigger than Lucignano.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a complete walkthrough of <em>di<\/em> with all its uses and traps (partitive article, infinitive complement, &#8220;of which&#8221;), see our dedicated guide on the Italian Preposition Di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a\">A: location, motion, time, age<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>A<\/em> is the second multitasker. It marks both location (&#8220;at&#8221;) and motion-to (&#8220;to&#8221;) for cities and some small places, and it shows up in time expressions and ages.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Location (city or specific place)<\/strong>: Pietro abita a Lucca, in un appartamento sopra la libreria.<br><em>Pietro lives in Lucca, in an apartment above the bookshop.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Motion (city)<\/strong>: Domani Caterina va a Modena per consegnare un vestito.<br><em>Tomorrow Caterina goes to Modena to deliver a dress.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Time (clock)<\/strong>: Ci vediamo a mezzogiorno davanti al duomo.<br><em>We will meet at noon in front of the cathedral.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Age<\/strong>: Mio nonno \u00e8 andato in pensione a sessantacinque anni.<br><em>My grandfather retired at sixty-five.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Indirect object<\/strong>: Ho scritto a Pietro per chiedere il libro.<br><em>I wrote to Pietro to ask for the book.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-focus-a-vs-in\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udd0d <strong>A vs IN for places.<\/strong> Italian simple prepositions split places into two groups: <em>a<\/em> for cities and small landmarks (a Lucca, a casa, a scuola), <em>in<\/em> for regions, countries, continents (in Toscana, in Italia, in Europa). One exception that catches everyone: <em>negli Stati Uniti<\/em> uses <em>in<\/em> + article because the country name is plural.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"da\">DA: origin, agent, motion-from, duration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Da<\/em> handles origin in three flavours: physical (from a place), temporal (since when), agentive (by whom in a passive sentence). It also marks motion to someone&#8217;s home or business, a uniquely Italian use that puzzles English speakers.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Origin (place)<\/strong>: Caterina viene da Pisa, ma vive a Lucca da quindici anni.<br><em>Caterina comes from Pisa, but she has lived in Lucca for fifteen years.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Duration (since)<\/strong>: Studio italiano da tre anni, ora finalmente capisco quasi tutto.<br><em>I have been studying Italian for three years, now I finally understand almost everything.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Agent (passive)<\/strong>: Il romanzo \u00e8 stato premiato da una giuria internazionale a Torino.<br><em>The novel was awarded by an international jury in Turin.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Motion to someone<\/strong>: Stasera andiamo da Pietro per cena, porta tu il vino.<br><em>Tonight we are going to Pietro&#8217;s place for dinner, you bring the wine.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Purpose (object)<\/strong>: Per il viaggio mi serve una valigia da cabina e un libro da leggere.<br><em>For the trip I need a cabin suitcase and a book to read.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"in\">IN: place inside, motion-to, means<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>In<\/em> covers location and motion for regions, countries, large containers, plus the means of transport. It is one of the most frequent italian simple prepositions in any text.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Location (region\/country)<\/strong>: Pietro \u00e8 nato in Toscana ma ha studiato in Francia.<br><em>Pietro was born in Tuscany but studied in France.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Motion (region\/country)<\/strong>: A settembre Caterina va in Argentina per visitare la nipote.<br><em>In September Caterina goes to Argentina to visit her niece.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Means of transport<\/strong>: Domani vado a Modena in treno; torner\u00f2 in autobus la sera.<br><em>Tomorrow I am going to Modena by train; I will come back by bus in the evening.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Time period (year, month, season)<\/strong>: Nel 2026 abbiamo festeggiato i dieci anni della libreria.<br><em>In 2026 we celebrated the bookshop&#8217;s tenth anniversary.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Container (inside)<\/strong>: I libri di poesia sono nello scaffale in fondo a sinistra.<br><em>The poetry books are on the shelf at the back on the left.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"con\">CON: company, instrument, manner<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Con<\/em> is the simplest of the italian simple prepositions: it almost always corresponds to English &#8220;with&#8221;. Company, instrument, manner, accompanying feature.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Company<\/strong>: Caterina \u00e8 andata al cinema con Elena e Francesco venerd\u00ec sera.<br><em>Caterina went to the cinema with Elena and Francesco on Friday evening.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Combination (food)<\/strong>: Vorrei un panino con il prosciutto crudo e una birra media.<br><em>I would like a sandwich with prosciutto crudo and a medium beer.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Manner<\/strong>: Pietro ha letto la pagina con attenzione per cogliere ogni dettaglio.<br><em>Pietro read the page carefully to catch every detail.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Feature<\/strong>: La donna con i capelli ricci che entra ogni sabato \u00e8 la nipote di Caterina.<br><em>The curly-haired woman who comes in every Saturday is Caterina&#8217;s niece.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"su\">SU: on, about, approximation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Su<\/em> means &#8220;on&#8221; for physical surfaces and &#8220;about&#8221; for topics. It also marks approximation in age, weight, or quantity.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Surface (on)<\/strong>: Il gatto di Elena dorme sempre su una sedia in giardino.<br><em>Elena&#8217;s cat always sleeps on a chair in the garden.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Motion onto<\/strong>: Saliamo sulla torre Guinigi prima del tramonto, la vista vale la fatica.<br><em>Let&#8217;s go up the Guinigi tower before sunset, the view is worth the effort.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Topic<\/strong>: Pietro sta scrivendo un saggio sulla letteratura toscana del Novecento.<br><em>Pietro is writing an essay about twentieth-century Tuscan literature.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Approximation<\/strong>: Una donna sui cinquant&#8217;anni ha chiesto se vendevamo libri usati.<br><em>A woman around fifty asked if we sold used books.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"per\">PER: destination, duration, reason, cause<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Per<\/em> is the second most polyvalent italian simple preposition after <em>di<\/em>. It covers destination, duration (&#8220;for X time&#8221;), reason, cause, recipient, and motion through.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Destination<\/strong>: Questo \u00e8 il treno regionale per Firenze, parte tra dieci minuti.<br><em>This is the regional train to Florence, it leaves in ten minutes.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Motion through<\/strong>: Per andare a Lucca dovete passare per Pisa o per Pistoia.<br><em>To get to Lucca you have to go through Pisa or Pistoia.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Duration<\/strong>: Ho aspettato Pietro per un&#8217;ora davanti alla libreria sotto la pioggia.<br><em>I waited for Pietro for an hour in front of the bookshop in the rain.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Reason<\/strong>: Ho telefonato per prenotare un tavolo al ristorante di Caterina.<br><em>I called to book a table at Caterina&#8217;s restaurant.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Cause<\/strong>: Sudiamo per il caldo: oggi a Lucca ci sono quasi quaranta gradi.<br><em>We&#8217;re sweating from the heat: today in Lucca it&#8217;s almost forty degrees.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Recipient<\/strong>: Questo regalo \u00e8 per Caterina, \u00e8 il suo compleanno sabato.<br><em>This gift is for Caterina, it&#8217;s her birthday on Saturday.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tra-fra\">TRA and FRA: between, among, in (time-from-now)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The italian simple prepositions <em>tra<\/em> and <em>fra<\/em> are interchangeable in modern Italian. Both mean &#8220;between&#8221; (two elements), &#8220;among&#8221; (more than two), and &#8220;in X time&#8221; (counting forward from now). The choice between them is mostly euphonic: Italian avoids the awkward sequence <em>tra tre<\/em> or <em>fra fra<\/em>, so speakers swap whichever sounds smoother.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Between (two)<\/strong>: Verona \u00e8 tra Milano e Venezia, a circa un&#8217;ora di treno da entrambe.<br><em>Verona is between Milan and Venice, about an hour by train from each.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Among (many)<\/strong>: Tra gli autori toscani Pietro consiglia Tabucchi, Pennacchi e Cazzullo.<br><em>Among the Tuscan authors Pietro recommends Tabucchi, Pennacchi, and Cazzullo.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Time from now<\/strong>: Ci vediamo fra un&#8217;ora al bar in piazza Anfiteatro.<br><em>We will meet in an hour at the caf\u00e9 in piazza Anfiteatro.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Relation<\/strong>: Tra Caterina e Pietro c&#8217;\u00e8 una vecchia amicizia di trent&#8217;anni.<br><em>Between Caterina and Pietro there is a long friendship of thirty years.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"articolate\">Preposizioni articolate: prep + article<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six of the nine italian simple prepositions fuse with the definite article into a single word: <em>di, a, da, in, su<\/em> always fuse; <em>con<\/em> fuses only in <em>col<\/em> and <em>coi<\/em> (the rest, <em>con lo, con la, con gli, con le<\/em>, stay separate in modern Italian). <em>Per, tra, fra<\/em> never fuse with the article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Prep<\/th><th>il<\/th><th>lo<\/th><th>l&#8217;<\/th><th>i<\/th><th>gli<\/th><th>la<\/th><th>le<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>di<\/td><td>del<\/td><td>dello<\/td><td>dell&#8217;<\/td><td>dei<\/td><td>degli<\/td><td>della<\/td><td>delle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>a<\/td><td>al<\/td><td>allo<\/td><td>all&#8217;<\/td><td>ai<\/td><td>agli<\/td><td>alla<\/td><td>alle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>da<\/td><td>dal<\/td><td>dallo<\/td><td>dall&#8217;<\/td><td>dai<\/td><td>dagli<\/td><td>dalla<\/td><td>dalle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>in<\/td><td>nel<\/td><td>nello<\/td><td>nell&#8217;<\/td><td>nei<\/td><td>negli<\/td><td>nella<\/td><td>nelle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>su<\/td><td>sul<\/td><td>sullo<\/td><td>sull&#8217;<\/td><td>sui<\/td><td>sugli<\/td><td>sulla<\/td><td>sulle<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>con<\/td><td>col*<\/td><td>(con lo)<\/td><td>(con l&#8217;)<\/td><td>coi*<\/td><td>(con gli)<\/td><td>(con la)<\/td><td>(con le)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples: <em>Il libro \u00e8 sul tavolo<\/em> (su + il), <em>Caterina viene dalla sartoria<\/em> (da + la), <em>Pietro lavora nella libreria<\/em> (in + la), <em>Vado al cinema con i bambini<\/em> (a + il). The fused forms are mandatory: writing <em>su il tavolo<\/em> separately would look amateur in any context.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #1.<\/strong> Pick the right italian simple prepositions for each sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caterina viene ___ Pisa ma vive ___ Lucca. (di\/a)<\/li>\n<li>Studio italiano ___ tre anni. (da\/per)<\/li>\n<li>Vado ___ Modena ___ treno. (in\/a, in\/con)<\/li>\n<li>Il regalo \u00e8 ___ Pietro, ___ il suo compleanno. (per\/per)<\/li>\n<li>Ci vediamo ___ un&#8217;ora ___ Lucca. (fra\/a)<\/li>\n<li>Il gatto dorme ___ una sedia ___ giardino. (su\/in)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. da, a (origin + city) \u00b7 2. da (duration since) \u00b7 3. a, in (city + transport) \u00b7 4. per, per (recipient + reason) \u00b7 5. fra, a (time-from-now + city) \u00b7 6. su, in (surface + container)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-bank\">Example bank: 40 sentences, one per use<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fastest way to internalize the italian simple prepositions is to read many correct sentences aloud and copy the pattern of the italian simple prepositions in context. Below are forty, grouped by preposition: this is the densest practice you will get with the italian simple prepositions, each showing a different typical use. Say each one out loud with its English meaning underneath.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first of the italian simple prepositions is <strong>DI<\/strong>, the busiest of all the italian simple prepositions &mdash; possession, specification, quantity, comparison, cause.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Caterina \u00e8 una donna di grande energia.<\/em><br>Caterina is a woman of great energy.<\/li>\n<li><em>Lorenzo \u00e8 alto pi\u00f9 di un metro e ottanta.<\/em><br>Lorenzo is taller than one metre eighty.<\/li>\n<li><em>Da quando soffre di emicrania, beve meno caff\u00e8.<\/em><br>Since he suffers from migraines, he drinks less coffee.<\/li>\n<li><em>Si va in pensione all&#8217;et\u00e0 di sessantasette anni.<\/em><br>You retire at the age of sixty-seven.<\/li>\n<li><em>Vorrei una tazza di t\u00e8 e una fetta di torta.<\/em><br>I&#8217;d like a cup of tea and a slice of cake.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the italian simple prepositions, <strong>A<\/strong> is the second one &mdash; place, motion to a city, time, age, indirect object. It is one of the italian simple prepositions English learners overuse.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Quest&#8217;estate andiamo a Lucca.<\/em><br>This summer we&#8217;re going to Lucca.<\/li>\n<li><em>In Italia si prende la patente a diciotto anni.<\/em><br>In Italy you get your driving licence at eighteen.<\/li>\n<li><em>La stazione \u00e8 a due chilometri da qui.<\/em><br>The station is two kilometres from here.<\/li>\n<li><em>Ci vediamo a mezzogiorno davanti al bar.<\/em><br>See you at noon in front of the caf\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><em>Ho dato il libro a Elena.<\/em><br>I gave the book to Elena.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DA<\/strong>, one of the trickiest italian simple prepositions &mdash; origin, duration, &#8220;at someone&#8217;s place&#8221;, purpose, manner.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Vivo a Modena da molti anni.<\/em><br>I have lived in Modena for many years.<\/li>\n<li><em>Non comportarti da bambino.<\/em><br>Don&#8217;t behave like a child.<\/li>\n<li><em>L&#8217;ufficio \u00e8 a pochi metri da casa mia.<\/em><br>The office is a few metres from my home.<\/li>\n<li><em>Vado dal dentista alle tre.<\/em><br>I&#8217;m going to the dentist at three.<\/li>\n<li><em>Mi serve una tazza da t\u00e8, non da caff\u00e8.<\/em><br>I need a tea cup, not a coffee cup.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IN<\/strong>, another of the italian simple prepositions &mdash; inside, country, field of skill, means of transport.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Lorenzo lavora in Germania da due anni.<\/em><br>Lorenzo has worked in Germany for two years.<\/li>\n<li><em>Elena \u00e8 bravissima in matematica.<\/em><br>Elena is very good at maths.<\/li>\n<li><em>Andiamo in centro a piedi.<\/em><br>Let&#8217;s walk to the centre.<\/li>\n<li><em>C&#8217;\u00e8 un ricevimento in onore del sindaco.<\/em><br>There&#8217;s a reception in honour of the mayor.<\/li>\n<li><em>Saliamo in macchina, piove.<\/em><br>Let&#8217;s get in the car, it&#8217;s raining.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CON<\/strong> is one of the most regular italian simple prepositions &mdash; company, instrument, manner, and one of the few italian simple prepositions with almost no traps.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Vengo con te alla stazione.<\/em><br>I&#8217;ll come with you to the station.<\/li>\n<li><em>Ha tagliato il pane con il coltello nuovo.<\/em><br>She cut the bread with the new knife.<\/li>\n<li><em>Lorenzo spiega tutto con calma.<\/em><br>Lorenzo explains everything calmly.<\/li>\n<li><em>Caterina abita con la sorella a Lucca.<\/em><br>Caterina lives with her sister in Lucca.<\/li>\n<li><em>Scrivo sempre con la penna blu.<\/em><br>I always write with the blue pen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SU<\/strong>, among the italian simple prepositions &mdash; on a surface, about a topic, approximate age or measure. Like the other italian simple prepositions it is invariable.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Il quadro \u00e8 sulla parete del salotto.<\/em><br>The picture is on the living-room wall.<\/li>\n<li><em>Abbiamo letto un articolo sull&#8217;economia.<\/em><br>We read an article about the economy.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00c8 una signora sui cinquant&#8217;anni.<\/em><br>She is a lady of about fifty.<\/li>\n<li><em>Il vestito \u00e8 fatto su misura.<\/em><br>The dress is made to measure.<\/li>\n<li><em>Conta su di me per il trasloco.<\/em><br>Count on me for the move.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PER<\/strong>, one of the busiest italian simple prepositions &mdash; destination, purpose, duration, price, cause.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Partiamo per Modena domani mattina.<\/em><br>We leave for Modena tomorrow morning.<\/li>\n<li><em>Studio l&#8217;italiano per lavoro.<\/em><br>I study Italian for work.<\/li>\n<li><em>L&#8217;ho comprato per pochi euro al mercato.<\/em><br>I bought it for a few euros at the market.<\/li>\n<li><em>Abbiamo camminato per due ore.<\/em><br>We walked for two hours.<\/li>\n<li><em>Grazie per l&#8217;aiuto di ieri.<\/em><br>Thanks for yesterday&#8217;s help.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last of the italian simple prepositions, <strong>TRA \/ FRA<\/strong> &mdash; between, among, &#8220;in&#8221; (time from now). The two are interchangeable; pick the one that sounds less repetitive.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Tra Lucca e Pisa ci sono venti minuti di treno.<\/em><br>Between Lucca and Pisa it&#8217;s twenty minutes by train.<\/li>\n<li><em>Ci vediamo tra un&#8217;ora.<\/em><br>See you in an hour.<\/li>\n<li><em>Fra amici non si fanno complimenti.<\/em><br>Among friends you don&#8217;t stand on ceremony.<\/li>\n<li><em>Il paese \u00e8 fra le colline, vicino a Modena.<\/em><br>The village is among the hills, near Modena.<\/li>\n<li><em>Fra tre giorni Caterina parte per Lucca.<\/em><br>In three days Caterina is leaving for Lucca.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Forty sentences, one mechanism: every one of the italian simple prepositions links two parts of the sentence. The italian simple prepositions never change form, so once a pattern is in your ear it transfers to every new sentence. Re-read the group whose italian simple prepositions you find hardest until the choice feels automatic, then test yourself with the quiz below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cheat-sheet\">Cheat sheet: italian simple prepositions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One table to recall every italian simple preposition with its main functions and the closest English equivalent. Keep it open while drafting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Prep<\/th><th>Main functions<\/th><th>English equivalents<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>di<\/td><td>ownership, material, topic, day of week, comparison<\/td><td>of, &#8216;s, than<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>a<\/td><td>city location, city motion, time (clock), age, indirect object<\/td><td>at, to<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>da<\/td><td>origin, duration (since), agent, motion to a person, object purpose<\/td><td>from, by, since<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>in<\/td><td>region\/country location, region\/country motion, transport, year\/month, container<\/td><td>in, by<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>con<\/td><td>company, combination, manner, feature<\/td><td>with<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>su<\/td><td>surface, motion onto, topic, approximation<\/td><td>on, about, around<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>per<\/td><td>destination, motion through, duration, reason, cause, recipient<\/td><td>for, to, through<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>tra \/ fra<\/td><td>between, among, time-from-now, relation<\/td><td>between, among, in<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mistakes\">Three common mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three slips with italian simple prepositions flag an A2 sentence as written by a learner. Fixing them is fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 1.<\/strong> Mixing <em>a<\/em> and <em>in<\/em> for places. Wrong: <em>Vado in Lucca<\/em>. Correct: <em>Vado a Lucca<\/em>. Cities take <em>a<\/em>; regions, countries, continents take <em>in<\/em>. The rule is sharp: <em>a Lucca \/ in Toscana \/ in Italia \/ in Europa<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 2.<\/strong> Using <em>per<\/em> for duration with the present. Wrong: <em>Studio italiano per tre anni<\/em> (meaning &#8220;since&#8221;). Correct: <em>Studio italiano da tre anni<\/em>. With ongoing situations, Italian uses <em>da<\/em> + present tense, not <em>per<\/em>. <em>Per<\/em> + past tense works for completed periods: <em>Ho studiato italiano per tre anni<\/em> (and now I am done).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mistake 3.<\/strong> Forgetting to fuse prep + article. Wrong: <em>Il libro \u00e8 su il tavolo<\/em>. Correct: <em>Il libro \u00e8 sul tavolo<\/em>. The fusion is mandatory for <em>di, a, da, in, su<\/em>. Only <em>con, per, tra, fra<\/em> stay separate from the article (with the exception of <em>col, coi<\/em> for <em>con<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-2\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-task #2.<\/strong> Fix the preposition error in each sentence.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caterina vive in Lucca da quindici anni.<\/li>\n<li>Lavoro a una libreria di Pietro per tre mesi.<\/li>\n<li>Il caff\u00e8 \u00e8 su il tavolo in cucina.<\/li>\n<li>Tra i libri di Caterina ci sono molti romanzi di Pennacchi.<\/li>\n<li>Pietro torna in Bologna fra una settimana.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<details><summary><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Show answers<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>1. a Lucca (city, not region) \u00b7 2. in una libreria (container), da tre mesi (ongoing duration) \u00b7 3. sul tavolo (fuse su+il) \u00b7 4. nothing wrong: tra and fra are interchangeable \u00b7 5. a Bologna (city)<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dialog\">Dialog: planning a trip from Lucca to Modena<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caterina and Elena plan a quick trip from Lucca to Modena to attend a literary presentation. Count every italian simple preposition: motion, time, ownership, company, manner.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dialog-prep\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Elena, andiamo a Modena venerd\u00ec per la presentazione di Pennacchi?<br><em>Elena, shall we go to Modena on Friday for Pennacchi&#8217;s presentation?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Volentieri! Andiamo in treno o in macchina?<br><em>Gladly! Shall we go by train or by car?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> In treno \u00e8 pi\u00f9 comodo. Da Lucca a Modena ci sono cinque ore con un cambio a Firenze, ma posso lavorare durante il viaggio.<br><em>Train is more comfortable. From Lucca to Modena it is five hours with a change in Florence, but I can work during the trip.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Perfetto. Partiamo alle sette di mattina e torniamo la sera. Il treno per Modena passa per Bologna, vero?<br><em>Perfect. We leave at seven in the morning and come back in the evening. The train to Modena goes through Bologna, right?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Esatto. Ci fermiamo a Bologna per dieci minuti, poi proseguiamo per Modena. La presentazione \u00e8 alle diciotto al teatro comunale.<br><em>Exactly. We stop in Bologna for ten minutes, then continue to Modena. The presentation is at six pm at the municipal theatre.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffc\u200d\ud83e\uddb0 <strong>Elena:<\/strong> Dopo la presentazione possiamo andare da Matteo per cena? Vive a cinque minuti dal teatro.<br><em>After the presentation can we go to Matteo&#8217;s for dinner? He lives five minutes from the theatre.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffd\u200d\ud83e\uddb1 <strong>Caterina:<\/strong> Ottima idea. Lo chiamo subito per avvisarlo. Tu pensa al regalo per Pennacchi, una copia del primo libro di Caproni che ho in libreria.<br><em>Great idea. I will call him right away to let him know. You think about the gift for Pennacchi, a copy of the first Caproni book I have at the bookshop.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Count the italian simple prepositions Caterina and Elena use: <em>a, per, di, in, da, a, con, durante, alle, di, per, per, a, per, a, da, per, al, a, dal, per, del, di<\/em>. All nine simple prepositions appear in eight lines: a real-life density that A2 learners can imitate.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-task-3\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong>Mini-challenge.<\/strong> Describe a recent trip in six sentences, using every italian simple preposition at least once: <em>di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra\/fra<\/em>. Read your sentences out loud to feel how the prepositions stitch the narrative.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz\">Test your understanding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quiz below mixes italian simple prepositions across all nine, with traps on <em>a vs in<\/em>, <em>da vs per<\/em> for duration, and articulated forms.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-quiz-prep\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_184\">\n                    <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 2 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p style=\"text-align:center;\">&#8211;<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                \n    <div class=\"dante-quiz-login-box\">\n        <h2 class=\"dante-quiz-login-badge has-text-align-center\">Free Italian Quiz<\/h2>\n        <br>\n        <h3 class=\"dante-quiz-login-title has-text-align-center\">\"Italian Simple Prepositions: Di, A, Da, In, Con, Su, Per, Tra\/Fra (A2)\"<\/h3>\n        <p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\n            Sign up for free to try this quiz and get early access to new Italian lessons before anyone else.\n        <\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-quiz-social-buttons\">\n                <div class=\"dante-login-form\">\n        <div class=\"dante-social-btns\">\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=google&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1332\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#4285f4\" d=\"M22.56 12.25c0-.78-.07-1.53-.2-2.25H12v4.26h5.92c-.26 1.37-1.04 2.53-2.21 3.31v2.77h3.57c2.08-1.92 3.28-4.74 3.28-8.09z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#34a853\" d=\"M12 23c2.97 0 5.46-.98 7.28-2.66l-3.57-2.77c-.98.66-2.23 1.06-3.71 1.06-2.86 0-5.29-1.93-6.16-4.53H2.18v2.84C3.99 20.53 7.7 23 12 23z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#fbbc05\" d=\"M5.84 14.09c-.22-.66-.35-1.36-.35-2.09s.13-1.43.35-2.09V7.07H2.18C1.43 8.55 1 10.22 1 12s.43 3.45 1.18 4.93l2.85-2.22.81-.62z\"\/>\n                    <path fill=\"#ea4335\" d=\"M12 5.38c1.62 0 3.06.56 4.21 1.64l3.15-3.15C17.45 2.09 14.97 1 12 1 7.7 1 3.99 3.47 2.18 7.07l3.66 2.84c.87-2.6 3.3-4.53 6.16-4.53z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Google            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"\/eng\/wp-login.php?loginSocial=facebook&redirect=%2Feng%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1332\" class=\"dante-social-btn\">\n                <svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n                    <path fill=\"#1877f2\" d=\"M24 12.073c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.99 4.388 10.954 10.125 11.854v-8.385H7.078v-3.47h3.047V9.43c0-3.007 1.792-4.669 4.533-4.669 1.312 0 2.686.235 2.686.235v2.953H15.83c-1.491 0-1.956.925-1.956 1.874v2.25h3.328l-.532 3.47h-2.796v8.385C19.612 23.027 24 18.062 24 12.073z\"\/>\n                <\/svg>\n                Continue with Facebook            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"dante-divider\"><span>or<\/span><\/div>\n        \n        <form class=\"dante-auth-form\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"nonce\" value=\"467b22b54e\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"redirect\" value=\"\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"show_register\" value=\"true\">\n            \n            <!-- HONEYPOT FIELD - Anti-Bot Protection -->\n            <div style=\"position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: -9999px; visibility: hidden;\">\n                <label for=\"website\">Website (leave blank)<\/label>\n                <input type=\"text\" name=\"website\" id=\"website\" value=\"\" autocomplete=\"off\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Email<\/label>\n                <input name=\"email\" type=\"email\" placeholder=\"your email address\" required id=\"email\">\n                <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"email-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\" id=\"name-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label>Full Name<\/label>\n                <input name=\"name\" type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Your full name\" id=\"name\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-form-group\">\n                <label>Password<\/label>\n                <input name=\"password\" type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Enter password\" required id=\"password\">\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-gdpr-section\" id=\"gdpr-field\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                <label class=\"dante-checkbox-label\">\n                    <input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"gdpr\" id=\"gdpr\">\n                    <span class=\"dante-checkmark\"><\/span>\n                    I accept the <a href=\"\/eng\/terms\/\" target=\"_blank\">Terms<\/a> and <a href=\"\/eng\/privacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Policy<\/a>                <\/label>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"dante-message\" id=\"form-message\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\n            \n            <button type=\"submit\" class=\"dante-btn-primary\" id=\"submit-btn\">Continue<\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <script>\n    jQuery(function($) {\n        let mode = 'login';\n        let timeout;\n        \n        const texts = {\n            continue: 'Continue',\n            signIn: 'Sign In',\n            createAccount: 'Create Account',\n            enterPassword: 'Enter password',\n            enterYourPassword: 'Enter your password',\n            choosePassword: 'Choose a secure password',\n            emailPasswordRequired: 'Email and password are required',\n            nameRequired: 'Full name is required',\n            acceptTerms: 'Please accept Terms and Privacy Policy',\n            processing: '\u23f3 Processing...',\n            success: 'Success! Redirecting...'\n        };\n        \n        $('#email').on('input', function() {\n            const email = $(this).val();\n            const showReg = $('input[name=\"show_register\"]').val();\n            \n            clearTimeout(timeout);\n            \n            if (!email.includes('@')) {\n                resetForm();\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            timeout = setTimeout(() => {\n                $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                    action: 'dante_check_email',\n                    email: email,\n                    nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n                }, function(r) {\n                    if (r.success) {\n                        if (r.data.exists) {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        } else if (showReg === 'true') {\n                            setRegisterMode();\n                        } else {\n                            setLoginMode();\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            }, 800);\n        });\n        \n        function resetForm() {\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.continue);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setLoginMode() {\n            mode = 'login';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').hide();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.signIn);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.enterYourPassword);\n        }\n        \n        function setRegisterMode() {\n            mode = 'register';\n            $('#name-field, #gdpr-field').show();\n            $('#submit-btn').text(texts.createAccount);\n            $('#password').attr('placeholder', texts.choosePassword);\n        }\n        \n        function showMessage(message, type = 'error') {\n            const messageDiv = $('#form-message');\n            messageDiv.removeClass('dante-success dante-error').addClass('dante-' + type);\n            messageDiv.text(message).show();\n            setTimeout(() => messageDiv.hide(), 5000);\n        }\n        \n        $('.dante-auth-form').on('submit', function(e) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            \n            const email = $('#email').val();\n            const password = $('#password').val();\n            const name = $('#name').val();\n            const gdpr = $('#gdpr').is(':checked');\n            const redirect = $('input[name=\"redirect\"]').val();\n            \n            if (!email || !password) {\n                showMessage(texts.emailPasswordRequired);\n                return;\n            }\n            \n            if (mode === 'register') {\n                if (!name) {\n                    showMessage(texts.nameRequired);\n                    return;\n                }\n                if (!gdpr) {\n                    showMessage(texts.acceptTerms);\n                    return;\n                }\n            }\n            \n            $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', true).text(texts.processing);\n            $('#form-message').hide();\n            \n            $.post('https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php', {\n                action: 'dante_process_auth',\n                mode: mode,\n                email: email,\n                password: password,\n                name: name,\n                redirect: redirect,\n                website: $('#website').val(),\n                nonce: $('input[name=\"nonce\"]').val()\n            }, function(r) {\n                if (r.success) {\n                    showMessage(texts.success, 'success');\n                    setTimeout(() => window.location.href = r.data.redirect, 1000);\n                } else {\n                    showMessage(r.data);\n                    $('#submit-btn').prop('disabled', false).text(mode === 'login' ? texts.signIn : texts.createAccount);\n                }\n            });\n        });\n    });\n    <\/script>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n                <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                        <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                Time has elapsed            <\/p>\n                            <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                    You scored <span>0<\/span> out of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                <\/p>\n                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" >\n                <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                    <ol>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"136\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Cloze: pick the right preposition<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li data-category_id=\"242\">\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Spot the correct sentence: prepositions in use<\/span>\n                                <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ol>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 0 to 40%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #e9d5ee, #7b2d8b); width:20%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Let&#8217;s strengthen the foundations on this topic.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>10-Lesson Package<\/strong> gives you ten focused 55-minute sessions with a native teacher, at your own pace.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#7b2d8b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">10-Lesson Package<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"10-Lesson Package\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=8\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#7b2d8b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Get the 10-Lesson Package &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Coraggio: un passo alla volta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 41 to 65%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #fde2e2, #ab2227); width:53%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Solid base. Let&#8217;s build on it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> A <strong>weekly 1:1 lesson<\/strong> gives you the rhythm and the personalised feedback to turn what you know into what you say automatically.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#ab2227; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Weekly 1:1<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">One-to-one<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/vacanze.webp\" alt=\"Weekly 1:1\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Any level<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">55-minute one-to-one session on Zoom<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Your personal native teacher<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Interactive online materials<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=4\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#ab2227; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Book a Weekly 1:1 lesson &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Avanti tutta!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 66 to 85%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #faecc4, #b8860b); width:75%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Great work. You&#8217;re ready for the group.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> In the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> you&#8217;ll move from solid grammar to live conversation.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#b8860b; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#b8860b; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">Ci vediamo in classe!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                            <div>\n                                <div style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; max-width:640px; margin:0 auto; padding:36px 24px; color:#1a1a1a; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center;\">\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; font-weight:700; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; line-height:1.2;\">Ciao ,<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:13px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:16px 0 14px;\">Your result &middot; 86 to 100%<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f0f0f0; height:7px; border-radius:4px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 auto 36px; max-width:320px;\">\n<div style=\"background:linear-gradient(90deg, #cce5d5, #2d6a4f); width:93%; height:7px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:26px; color:#1a1a1a; margin:0 0 14px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.35;\">Bravissimo! You nailed it.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:18px; color:#333; line-height:1.65; margin:0 auto 38px; max-width:520px;\"><strong>Our suggestion.<\/strong> Step into the <strong>Milano small-group course (A2-B1)<\/strong> to turn accurate Italian into fluent Italian.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:1px; background:#e8e8e8; margin:0 auto 30px; max-width:120px;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:12px; color:#666; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:1.5px; margin:0 0 10px;\">Suggested next step<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:30px; color:#2d6a4f; margin:0 0 6px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.2;\">Milano group<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:16px; color:#666; margin:0 0 24px;\">A2-B1<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/milano-no-sfondo.webp\" alt=\"Milano group\" style=\"width:140px; height:auto; margin:0 auto 26px; display:block;\"\/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; color:#333; line-height:1.8; list-style:disc; padding-left:22px; margin:0 auto 32px; max-width:460px; text-align:left; display:inline-block;\">\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Small groups, max 4 students<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Weekly live Zoom sessions<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Grammar, vocabulary, listening, writing<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin:0 0 6px;\">Homework after every lesson<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/membership-checkout\/?level=7\" style=\"display:inline-block; padding:18px 40px; background:#2d6a4f; color:#fff !important; text-decoration:none; border-radius:8px; font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:18px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:0.3px;\">Join the Milano group &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:19px; font-style:italic; color:#555; margin:42px 0 0;\">A presto su Zoom!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"review\" value=\"Review question\"\n                           class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" style=\"float: left; display: block;\">\n                                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pick the right Italian preposition<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Filippo (an architect from Trento) and his sister Greta (who runs a flower shop in Bergamo) visit their grandmother in Mantova. Read each sentence and type the correct preposition in the box.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">Example: Greta scrive una cartolina (in, <strong><u>a<\/u><\/strong>, da) Filippo.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6703\"\n                                data-type=\"cloze_answer\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                        <hr\/><ul><li>Filippo vive (in, a, da) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"1\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(a)<\/span><\/span> Trento ed \u00e8 un architetto molto bravo.<br><em>Filippo lives in Trento and is a very good architect.<\/em><\/li><li>La nonna di Filippo abita (in, a, di) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(in)<\/span><\/span> Italia, vicino a Mantova.<br><em>Filippo's grandmother lives in Italy, near Mantova.<\/em><\/li><li>Greta lavora nel negozio di fiori (a, in, da) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(da)<\/span><\/span> cinque anni.<br><em>Greta has been working in the flower shop for five years.<\/em><\/li><li>Il treno per Mantova parte (di, alle, dalle) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"4\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(alle)<\/span><\/span> otto e mezza ogni mattina.<br><em>The train to Mantova leaves at half past eight every morning.<\/em><\/li><li>Domenica Filippo e Greta vanno (in, a, dalla) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"5\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(dalla)<\/span><\/span> nonna a Mantova.<br><em>On Sunday Filippo and Greta go to grandma's in Mantova.<\/em><\/li><li>Greta parla spesso (con, di, a) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(con)<\/span><\/span> la sua amica del corso di yoga.<br><em>Greta often talks with her friend from the yoga class.<\/em><\/li><li>Filippo va al lavoro (a, in, per) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(in)<\/span><\/span> bicicletta anche quando piove un po'.<br><em>Filippo goes to work by bike even when it rains a little.<\/em><\/li><li>Greta legge un libro (di, per, su) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(su)<\/span><\/span> Leonardo da Vinci e i suoi disegni.<br><em>Greta is reading a book on Leonardo da Vinci and his drawings.<\/em><\/li><li>Filippo studia molto (per, di, a) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(per)<\/span><\/span> parlare bene anche il tedesco.<br><em>Filippo studies a lot in order to speak German well too.<\/em><\/li><li>Il volo di Greta parte (in, per, tra) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(tra)<\/span><\/span> due ore dall'aeroporto di Bergamo.<br><em>Greta's flight leaves in two hours from Bergamo airport.<\/em><\/li><li>In cucina c'\u00e8 un grande tavolo (a, di, da) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"2\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(di)<\/span><\/span> legno scuro con sei sedie.<br><em>In the kitchen there is a large dark wooden table with six chairs.<\/em><\/li><li>Le chiavi della macchina sono (sul, nel, dal) <span class=\"wpProQuiz_cloze\"><input data-wordlen=\"3\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"> <span class=\"wpProQuiz_clozeCorrect\" style=\"display: none;\">(sul)<\/span><\/span> tavolo dell'ingresso.<br><em>The car keys are on the hall table.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><hr\/>                                    <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>12 of 12. Solid grasp of the eight simple prepositions.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>Review of the eight rules:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>a<\/strong> + city: <em>a Trento, a Mantova<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>in<\/strong> + country \/ region: <em>in Italia, in Toscana<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>da<\/strong> + present tense for &#8220;since\/for&#8221;: <em>lavora da cinque anni<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>da<\/strong> + person: <em>vado dal dentista, dalla nonna<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>a<\/strong> + clock time: <em>alle otto e mezza<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>con<\/strong> + company: <em>parla con la sua amica<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>in<\/strong> + transport generic: <em>in bicicletta, in treno<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>su<\/strong> + topic: <em>un libro su Leonardo<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>per<\/strong> + infinitive (purpose): <em>studia per parlare tedesco<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>tra \/ fra<\/strong> + future time: <em>tra due ore<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>di<\/strong> + material: <em>un tavolo di legno<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>su + il = sul<\/strong> (preposizione articolata): <em>sul tavolo<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary helper:<\/strong> architetto = architect &middot; fioraia = florist &middot; legno = wood &middot; ingresso = hallway &middot; aeroporto = airport.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Quick map.<\/strong> Cities take <em>a<\/em>; countries take <em>in<\/em>. &#8220;Since\/for&#8221; with present uses <em>da<\/em>. Someone&#8217;s place uses <em>da\/dalla\/dal<\/em>. Future time uses <em>tra\/fra<\/em>, never <em>in<\/em>.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>2<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: none;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <h3 style=\"text-align:center;\">Spot the correct sentence<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Six short scenes about Filippo and Greta. For each group of three sentences, tick the <strong>one<\/strong> that uses the right Italian preposition. The other two have a wrong choice.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"6704\"\n                                data-type=\"multiple\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> L'estate scorsa Filippo \u00e8 andato a Francia per due settimane.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> L'estate scorsa Filippo \u00e8 andato in Francia per due settimane.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> L'estate scorsa Filippo \u00e8 andato per Francia per due settimane.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> Greta va al negozio a piedi quando il tempo \u00e8 bello.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"4\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"5\"> Greta va al negozio in piedi quando il tempo \u00e8 bello.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"5\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"6\"> Greta va al negozio con piedi quando il tempo \u00e8 bello.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"6\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"7\"> Il treno per Mantova parte a sette di mattina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"7\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"8\"> Il treno per Mantova parte in sette di mattina.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"8\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"9\"> Il treno per Mantova parte alle sette di mattina.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"9\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"10\"> Filippo \u00e8 da Trento, ma ora lavora anche a Bergamo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"10\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"11\"> Filippo \u00e8 di Trento, ma ora lavora anche a Bergamo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"11\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"12\"> Filippo \u00e8 in Trento, ma ora lavora anche a Bergamo.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"12\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"13\"> Ieri sera Greta ha cenato a due amiche del corso di yoga.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"13\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"14\"> Ieri sera Greta ha cenato per due amiche del corso di yoga.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"14\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"15\"> Ieri sera Greta ha cenato con due amiche del corso di yoga.\n<hr \/>                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"15\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"16\"> Domenica prossima Filippo andr\u00e0 dalla nonna a Mantova per pranzo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"16\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"17\"> Domenica prossima Filippo andr\u00e0 alla nonna a Mantova per pranzo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"17\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"checkbox\"\n                                                       name=\"question_184_6704\"\n                                                       value=\"18\"> Domenica prossima Filippo andr\u00e0 in nonna a Mantova per pranzo.                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>6 of 6. You can tell the right preposition in real sentences.<\/p><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><hr \/>\n<p>The six correct sentences:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin:0 0 0 18px; padding:0;\">\n<li><strong>1.<\/strong> <em>L&#x27;estate scorsa Filippo \u00e8 andato in Francia per due settimane.<\/em><br \/><em>Last summer Filippo went to France for two weeks.<\/em> &mdash; <strong>IN + country \/ A + city<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>2.<\/strong> <em>Greta va al negozio a piedi quando il tempo \u00e8 bello.<\/em><br \/><em>Greta walks to the shop when the weather is nice.<\/em> &mdash; <strong>A piedi = on foot (fixed expression)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>3.<\/strong> <em>Il treno per Mantova parte alle sette di mattina.<\/em><br \/><em>The train to Mantova leaves at seven in the morning.<\/em> &mdash; <strong>Clock time = A + articolo (alle sette)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>4.<\/strong> <em>Filippo \u00e8 di Trento, ma ora lavora anche a Bergamo.<\/em><br \/><em>Filippo is from Trento, but now he also works in Bergamo.<\/em> &mdash; <strong>Origin (essere di + city)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>5.<\/strong> <em>Ieri sera Greta ha cenato con due amiche del corso di yoga.<\/em><br \/><em>Last night Greta had dinner with two friends from her yoga class.<\/em> &mdash; <strong>CON = with (company)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>6.<\/strong> <em>Domenica prossima Filippo andr\u00e0 dalla nonna a Mantova per pranzo.<\/em><br \/><em>Next Sunday Filippo will go to grandma&#x27;s in Mantova for lunch.<\/em> &mdash; <strong>DA + person = at\/to someone&#x27;s place<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Quick map.<\/strong> Cities take <em>a<\/em>, countries take <em>in<\/em>. <em>A piedi<\/em> is fixed. Clock time always takes articolata: <em>alle sette<\/em>. Origin (where you are from) uses <em>essere di<\/em> + city. Company takes <em>con<\/em>. To go to someone&#8217;s place, use <em>da<\/em> \/ <em>dalla<\/em> \/ <em>dal<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/p>                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_tipp\" style=\"display: none; position: relative;\">\n                                <div>\n                                    <h5 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Hint<\/h5>\n                                    <p><strong>Trap watch.<\/strong> Look at the noun right after the preposition: city or country? clock time or time of day? a person or a place? The wrong sentences use a real preposition, just not the one Italian wants in that slot.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"tip\" value=\"Hint\"\n                                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton wpProQuiz_TipButton\"\n                                   style=\"float: left !important; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px !important;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_184',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 184,\n                    mode: 2,\n                    globalPoints: 18,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0,41,66,86],\n                    bo: 7560,\n                    qpp: 0,\n                    catPoints: {\"136\":12,\"242\":6},\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Finish quiz\",\n                    json: {\"6703\":{\"type\":\"cloze_answer\",\"id\":6703,\"catId\":136,\"points\":[1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],\"correct\":[[\"a\"],[\"in\"],[\"da\"],[\"alle\"],[\"dalla\"],[\"con\"],[\"in\"],[\"su\"],[\"per\"],[\"tra\"],[\"di\"],[\"sul\"]]},\"6704\":{\"type\":\"multiple\",\"id\":6704,\"catId\":242,\"points\":[0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0],\"correct\":[0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#ab2227;margin-top:50px;margin-bottom:10px;letter-spacing:0.3em;font-family:Georgia,serif\">\u00a7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six questions about italian simple prepositions come up in every A2 cohort. The answers below draw on real classroom usage and on the Crusca note <a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/tra-o-fra\/3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tra o fra?<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How many italian simple prepositions are there?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Exactly nine: di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra. The grammars list eight if they count tra and fra as one (they are interchangeable in modern Italian). All nine are invariable (no gender, no number), monosyllabic or near-monosyllabic, and they all introduce a complement. They are called preposizioni proprie (proper prepositions) to distinguish them from the open list of preposizioni improprie (davanti, dietro, dopo, sopra, sotto, vicino, lungo, prima, durante, etc.) which can also work as adverbs or adjectives.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between tra and fra?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>None in meaning, both mean between, among, or in (time from now). The choice is euphonic: Italian avoids sequences like tra tre giorni (repetition of tr-) and fra fratelli (repetition of fr-), so speakers swap whichever sounds smoother. The Accademia della Crusca confirms they are perfectly interchangeable in modern usage. In writing, fra is slightly more common in northern Italy and tra in central and southern Italy, but no rule enforces either choice.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When do I use a vs in for places?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Italian splits places into two buckets. Use a for cities and small named places (a Lucca, a Modena, a casa, a scuola, a teatro). Use in for regions, countries, continents, and large geographic units (in Toscana, in Italia, in Europa, in montagna, in citt\u00e0). Two exceptions catch everyone: countries with plural names take in + article (negli Stati Uniti, nei Paesi Bassi), and some fixed expressions break the rule (in piazza for piazza in general, but a piazza Anfiteatro for a specific named square in Lucca).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does di differ from per for ownership and recipient?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Di marks ownership or origin (di Pietro = belonging to Pietro). Per marks the recipient (per Pietro = destined for Pietro). Compare: il libro di Pietro (Pietro owns the book) vs il regalo per Pietro (the gift is going to Pietro). Same noun, different relation. Per never works for ownership; di never works for a recipient. The two are not interchangeable, despite both often being translated as for in English (a book for Pietro can mean either, depending on context).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are preposizioni articolate?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>They are the fused forms of italian simple prepositions plus the definite article. Di + il = del; a + la = alla; in + gli = negli; su + le = sulle. Six of the nine simple prepositions fuse: di, a, da, in, su always; con only in col and coi (the other forms stay separate). Per, tra, and fra never fuse. The fused forms are mandatory in modern Italian: writing su il tavolo separately would look amateur in any context. The full table is in the cheat sheet above.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why is per never combined into one word like del or nel?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Historical accident, mostly. The older Italian forms pel (per + il) and pei (per + i) existed and still appear in poetry or ironic usage (the Crusca describes them as ricercate, deliberately archaic). In modern standard Italian, per stays separate from the article: per il treno, per la casa, per gli studenti. The same applies to tra and fra (never fused), and largely to con (except for col and coi, which survive in everyday speech). The pattern is: only short-stress prepositions (di, a, da, in, su) fuse fully.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related\">Related guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eight guides dive into each italian simple preposition individually, plus an institutional reference on the tra\/fra interchange.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-preposition-di\/\">Italian Preposition DI: The Complete Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-preposition-a\/\">Italian Preposition A: The Complete Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-preposition-da\/\">Italian Preposition DA: The Complete Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-preposition-in\/\">Italian Preposition IN: The Complete Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-preposition-con\/\">Italian Preposition CON: The Complete Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-preposition-su\/\">Italian Preposition SU: The Complete Guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-motion-prepositions\/\">Italian Motion Prepositions: A, Da, Verso, In, Fino A<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/accademiadellacrusca.it\/it\/consulenza\/tra-o-fra\/3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Accademia della Crusca: Tra o fra?<\/a>: institutional note on the interchangeability of tra and fra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udd0d In short. Italian simple prepositions (&#8220;preposizioni semplici&#8221;) are nine short invariable words that link a noun, pronoun, adverb, or infinitive to the rest of the sentence: di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fra. Each one packs multiple functions (place, time, ownership, purpose, manner, cause, age, comparison), and several of them combine with &#8230; <a title=\"Italian Simple Prepositions: Di, A, Da, In, Con, Su, Per, Tra\/Fra (A2)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/italian-simple-prepositions\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Italian Simple Prepositions: Di, A, Da, In, Con, Su, Per, Tra\/Fra (A2)\">Read more \u226b<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1864],"tags":[75,77,76,74,81,79,73,78,80],"class_list":["post-1332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a2","tag-a","tag-con","tag-da-in","tag-di","tag-fra","tag-per","tag-preposizioni-semplici","tag-su","tag-tra","no-featured-image-padding","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1332"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62336,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332\/revisions\/62336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dante-learning.com\/eng\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}